EP0675267B1 - Abgasreiniger - Google Patents

Abgasreiniger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0675267B1
EP0675267B1 EP95104866A EP95104866A EP0675267B1 EP 0675267 B1 EP0675267 B1 EP 0675267B1 EP 95104866 A EP95104866 A EP 95104866A EP 95104866 A EP95104866 A EP 95104866A EP 0675267 B1 EP0675267 B1 EP 0675267B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
particulate matter
collected
electromagnetic wave
detecting means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95104866A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0675267A1 (de
Inventor
Norihiko Fujiwara
Tomotaka Nobue
Takahiro Matsumoto
Toshiro Ogino
Akihiko Nakajima
Masao Noguchi
Muneo Tao
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP6064963A external-priority patent/JP2900786B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP6230995A external-priority patent/JP2738307B2/ja
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Publication of EP0675267A1 publication Critical patent/EP0675267A1/de
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Publication of EP0675267B1 publication Critical patent/EP0675267B1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0233—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles periodically cleaning filter by blowing a gas through the filter in a direction opposite to exhaust flow, e.g. exposing filter to engine air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/028—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using microwaves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/031—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
    • F01N3/032—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start during filter regeneration only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/05—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a particulate sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/12—Other sensor principles, e.g. using electro conductivity of substrate or radio frequency
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0422—Methods of control or diagnosing measuring the elapsed time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to exhaust gas purifiers according the preambles of claims 1 and 3.
  • particulate-matter i.e., soluble organic fraction (SOF), soot, and sulfur compounds
  • SOF soluble organic fraction
  • soot sulfur compounds
  • sulfur compounds sulfur compounds
  • various practical methods purifying the particulate-matter contained in exhaust system have been studied extensively, and this includes a catalytic combustion method by which SOF is oxidized and burnt, and a method by which particulate matter is burnt after this is collected by a filter.
  • the method using a filter is considered advantageous since the removal of soot contained in exhaust gas by the oxidization and combustion method is found nearly impossible.
  • the possible methods regenerating the filter performance include a proposed and experimented method by which the particulate matter collected on filter are burnt, and a method by which the particulate-matter is blown out of the filter by using highpressure air and is burnt, and others.
  • the combustion of particulate-matter is began at a temperature of about 600 °C when heat is applied thereon, so that the temperature within the filter burning the particulate matter may come up to high. Since the highest temperature of the filter made of a ceramic material is limited, the filter would be melted, damaged or cracked by the internal-stress produced by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients when the filter temperature became more than its highest limit.
  • the maximum amount of collectable particulate-matter allowing the filter-regeneration at an optimum condition should be determined first, and the amount of collected particulate-matter have to be determined precisely, and then, the regeneration of filter by applying heat should be carried out by an optimum method, and this should be determined on the predetermined weight of particulate matter, considering various peripheral conditions at the time of filter-regeneration at the same time.
  • the weight of particulate-matter can be derived from a pressure difference produced between the input and the output of filter, or from microwave characteristics determined by the amount of particulate-matter collected by the filter. Since the former method utilizing the pressure difference governed by the flow and the temperature of exhaust gas, the detected signal of pressure have to be corrected accordingly. However, the accurate weight of collected particulate-matter can hardly be determined even with the frequent applications of corrections because the variations of exhaust-gas temperature are large due to the frequent and wide variations of engine revolutions.
  • the later method utilizing the microwave characteristics is considered advantageous since the amount of collected particulate-matter can be determined independent of the variations of exhaust-gas flow.
  • the inventors of the present invention had previously proposed a method determining the weight of particulate-matter using microwave (Japanese Patent Application, H 5-7291 corresponding to Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Hei 6-212946). Since the proposed method utilizing the electromagnetic-wave (microwave) is a method by which the means to determine the weight of collected particulate-matter is protected against exhaust-gas, longer operating life of the weight measuring means can be obtained.
  • the particulate-matter collected by the filter of such engine should contain SOF, soot, and sulphur compounds of easily determinable amounts.
  • the microwave-absorption coefficient of soot is extremely higher than those of SOF and sulphur compounds.
  • large errors is inevitable when the filter regeneration is conducted only on the microwave-signal obtained by the measurement of volume of collected particulate-matter.
  • the objectve of the present invention is to carry out the precise determination of particulate-matter weight independent of variations of operating conditions of internal-combustion engine, to determine the timing of filter regeneration based on the result of weight determination, and to offer an exaust-gas purifier of which filter perfomannce is maintainable for a long period.
  • the invented exaust-gas purifier accomplishing the above-shown objectives should be equipped with a filter collecting the particulate-matter contained in the exhaust-gas of internal-combustion engine, an electromagnetic-wave supplying means supplying electromagnetic-wave into a space in which the filter is housed, an electromagnetic-wave detecting means cuopled to the electromagnetic-wave produced in the space in which the filter is housed detecting the intensity of electromagnetic-wave, a means to estimate the weight of particulate-matter collected by the filter from the signal obtained by the electromagnetic-wave detecting means, an engine operation detecting means, and a regeneration means removing the particulate-matter collected on the filter operated by the signal outputted from the means to estimate the weight of particulate-matter: wherein the means to estimate the weight of collected particulate- matter is provided with a means to memorize physical factors in which the physical factors related to the operation of the internal-combustion engine and the electromagnetic-wave intensity within the space housing the filter are defined as variables, and a collected particulate
  • the invented exaust-gas purifier is equipped with a filter collecting the particulate-matter contained in the exhaust-gas of internal-combustion engine, an electromagnetic-wave supplying means supplying electromagnetic-wave into a space in which the filter is housed, an electromagnetic-wave detecting means coupled to the electromagnetic-wave produced in the space housing the filter and detecting the intensity of electromagnetic-wave, and a regeneration means removing the particulate-matter collected on the filter operated by the signal outputted from the electromagnetic-wave detecting means: wherein the exhaust-gas purifier is provided with; a gas-flow detecting means detecting the flow of exhaust-gas in the filter, a time-integrating means integrating the periods during which exhaust-gas is flowed in the filter according to the detected signal outputted from said gas-flow detecting means, a collected particulate-matter weight memory means determining the weights of particulate-matter collected by the filter and defining the integrated time value and the intensity of detected electromagnetic-wave as variables by using a same or similar internal-com
  • Fig. 1 shows a construction of exhaust-gas purifier which is a first embodiment of the invention.
  • 1 is an internal-combustion engine (such as a diesel engine)
  • 2 is an exhaust-gas pipe from which exhaust-gas is exhausted.
  • 3 is a heating space (a space in which the filter is housed) provided at a middle point of exhaust pipe 2.
  • 4 is a honey-comb structured ceramic-filter housed in said heating space, and by this, the particulate-matter contained in exhaust-gas is collected while passing through said filter,
  • 5 is an electromagnetic-wave generator supplying microwave into said heating space in order to heat said particulate-matter by induction
  • 6 and 7 are a coaxial-transmission line and a rectangular wave-guides disposed in a shape of ring respectively guiding said microwave generated by electromagnetic-wave generator 5 into heating space
  • 8 and 9 are a pair of feed-holes feeding the generated electromagnetic-wave into heating space
  • 10 is an antenna for converting coaxial waveguides.
  • said exhaust-pipe may be branched into plural exhaust-pipes, and filter 4 may be installed on each of said branches of exhaust-pipe.
  • 11 is a valve switching said exhaust-gas guiding the exhaust-gas exhausted from internal combustion engine 1 into filter 4 normally, but said exhaust-gas may be switched into branched exhaust-pipe 12 by using valve 11 when regeneration of said filter is conducted, and 13 is a muffler.
  • valve 14 is a gas supplying means supplying a gas containing oxygen into heating space 3
  • 15 and 16 are valves controlling the flow of gas containing oxygen into filter 4
  • valve 15 is installed at a position between the heating space 3 and branch 17 of exhaust-gas
  • valve 16 is installed at a position between the heating space 3 and exhaust-pipe 2 which is opened to open space.
  • the gas accelerating the burning of heated particulate-matter is guided into filter 4 during the period of filter-regeneration.
  • 18 is a means (electromagnetic wave detection means) to detect the intensity of microwave within a neighboring space and is installed in a space within filter 4 which is excluded from the flow of exhaust-gas, and a part of core-conductor 19 of coaxial-waveguide is protruded into heating space 3.
  • control-means 21 consisted of an electronic control unit (ECU) through coaxial line 20, 22 is an alternator (a means detecting the flow of exhaust-gas), by which the electrical output of said alternator which is variable according to the rotating speed of internal combustion engine 1 is inputted into control means 21.
  • ECU electronice control unit
  • alternator a means detecting the flow of exhaust-gas
  • microwave detection means 18 is shown in the drawing, plural means of such may be installed, 23 is a temperature-detecting means (a means to detect the flow of exhaust-gas), installed at a position near filter 4 of exhaust pipe 2 between the heating space 3 and the branch 17.
  • a temperature-detecting means a means to detect the flow of exhaust-gas
  • filter 4 has to be installed on each of the branched pipes, and said temperature detecting means has to be installed at positions near said filters respectively so that the flow of exhaust-gas in each of the filters can be detected.
  • Temperature detecting means 23 is to detect the temperature of exhaust-gas flowing through filter 4 when it is in a process of filter-regeneration, and the output signal thereof is inputted into control means 21.
  • Heating space 3 provides a space within which microwave is substantially enclosed by means of shields 24 and 25 consisted of punched metal-sheet or honey-comb shaped metal-sheet.
  • 26 is a heat-insulator installed within a space between the external surface of filter 4 and wall 27 constituting heating space 3, and by this, filter 4 is supported.
  • Microwave-detecting means 18 is to detect the intensity of microwave at a predetermined position set in a space enclosed by heat-insulator 26.
  • 28 is a power-supply of microwave generating means 5.
  • 29 is a pipe by which the gas generated by gas-supplying means 14 is transferred.
  • a pair of feed-holes 8 and 9 are installed in the wall facing to exhaust pipe 30 and these are disposed at the end of rectangular wave-guide 7 disposed in a shape of ring.
  • Antenna 10 is so disposed at a desired position on ring-disposed rectangular wave-guide that microwave having a phase difference of 180° can be radiated into heating space 3 from two feed-holes 8 and 9, and microwave detecting means 18 is disposed at a position where the detected microwave intensity is monotonously decreased in proportion to the increase of weight of collected particulate-matter.
  • Microwave generating means 5 is operated for a predetermined period by the signal outputted from control means 21, and the intensity of microwave detected by microwave-detection means 18 is incorporated in control means 21 after a predetermined time after the operation of microwave-generating means 5, and the time of this signal incorporation is an order of 1/50 seconds.
  • control means 21 memorizes the integrated periods during which the output of alternator 22 is generated, or the integrated periods during which the detected temperature-levels are higher than a predetermined level as the integrated periods during which the exhaust-gas is flowed through filter 4.
  • control means 21 executes a predetermined arithmetic-processing or a process collating with the map.
  • a process of filter regeneration is commenced.
  • the weight range of collected particulate-matter avoiding possible mechanical damages of filter 4 is variable depending on the time required to the filter-regeneration. Since the condition in which the filter-regeneration can be conducted within a reasonably short period assuring the life of filter 4 is that the weight of collected particulate-matter should be within a range from 4 to 6 grams/l (1 is filter volume), the weight of particulate matter collected by filter 4 has to be determined precisely, and this is possible only by using the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 A relationship between the integrated exhaust-gas flow period and the output of microwave detection means 18 obtained when the load of internal-combustion engine is varied under a constant rotating speed are shown in Fig. 2 wherein (A) is a characteristics obtained at high load, (B) is at intermediate load, and (C) is obtained at light load.
  • a group of simple-broken lines shown in Fig. 2 are lines showing equal-weights of collected particulate matter, and this shows the coordinates of weight of particulate matter from 0 to 12 grams at a line interval of 2g/l.
  • these are on a broken line shown in Fig. 2 connecting the outputs of microwave-detection means 18 at 100 and 400 °C respectively.
  • Fig. 2 shows that the weight of collected particulate-matter is higher for the higher engine load, and for a small increment in the integrated exhaust-gas flow time, and the output of microwave detection means is smaller for the higher temperature of exhaust-gas, and furthermore, the output of microwave-detection means is low for the same weight of collected particulate-matter when the internal-combustion engine is operated at a high load (A) but the weight ratio of soot is high.
  • the weight of collected particulate-matter shown by a single broken line in Fig. 2 shows equal-weight lines for the collected particulate-matter.
  • the errors in determining the weight of particulate-matter starting the filter regeneration originated from the difference in particulate-matter compositions can be excluded.
  • the errors in determining the weight of particulate-matter originated from the change in exhaust-gas temperature can be minimized also so that no temperature correction has to be applied thereto.
  • the weight of particulate-matter can be determined precisely independent of the change of operating condition of internal-combustion engine 1.
  • two functions including the integrated exhaust-gas flow periods and the output of microwave-detection means are set as variables, and based on these functions, a question related to the weight of collected particulate-matter if it is heavier than a predetermined value or not, can be answered.
  • Eq. 1 if the integrated exhaust-gas flow period is expressed by X 1 and the output of microwave-detection means is expressed by Y 1 , and Eq.2 if Y 1 ⁇ aX 1 b + c, the weight of particulate-matter is judged to be less than 4g/l, and Eq. 3 if Y 1 ⁇ aX 1 b + c, the weight of particulate-matter is judged higher than 4g/l, and the regeneration of filter is started right after the detection of this.
  • the weight judging process can be executed by using a map processing also, and Table 1 shows an example of map processing.
  • Table 1 is a map prepared by mapping the integrated exhaust gas flow periods and the outputs of microwave-detection means shown in Fig. 2 set as variables.
  • the numerical values shown in Table 1 are the weight values of particulate matter. Whenever one of these is detected, the filter regeneration has to be started.
  • the absolute value of weight of particulate-matter can be determined precisely, so that the filter-regeneration can be carried out at high efficiency.
  • the range of weights of particulate-matter allowing the filter-regeneration can be extended considerably.
  • Table 1 the divisional intervals are coarser within a region where the outputs of microwave detecting means are high, while the divisional intervals are coarser also within a region where the integrated exhaust-gas flow periods is high.
  • the operation of the invented exhaust-gas purifier which is a first embodiment of the invention, is explained in next by referring Fig. 1 and Table 1.
  • the gas exhausted from internal-combustion engine 1 is introduced into filter 4 by controlling valves 11, 15, and 16, so that the exhaust-gas exhausted out of an internal combustion engine is passed through filter 4, and the particulate matter contained in the exhaust-gas is collected at the filter so that the exhaust-gas is purified.
  • microwave-generating means 5 is operated periodically, and the output of microwave-detecting means 18 obtained at that time and the integrated exhaust-gas flow periods obtained by that time are collated with the particulate weight judging map prepared by setting the integrated exhaust-gas flow periods and the output of microwave-detecting means 18 as variables.
  • the so-called filter-regeneration has to be started when the weight of collected particulate-matter is reached to a predetermined weight level, and the timing of this is judged by control means 21.
  • valves 11, 15, and 16 are controlled so that the exhaust-gas from internal-combustion engine is by-passed through branched exhaust pipe 12, and the particulate matter collected on filter 4 is heated by means of microwave energy generated by microwave-generating means 5.
  • gas naturally air is usable
  • the collected particulate-matter is burned out and removed from filter 4.
  • valve 11 is operated at a proper timing so that the exhaust-gas outputted from internal-combustion engine 1 can be supplied to filter 4 again.
  • the weight of collected particulate-matter starting the filter-regeneration can be Judged precisely independent of the operating condition of internal-combustion engine 1. Therefore, the filter-regeneration under a condition of proper weight of particulate-matter is always possible, and as a result of this, longer filter life is expectable.
  • FIGs. 3 and 4 show a structure of the invented exhaust-gas purifier.
  • the exhaust-gas exhausted from internal-combustion engine 51 e.g. diesel engine
  • filter 54 housed in heating space 53 (a space in which filter 54 is housed) through exhaust-pipe 52.
  • Filter 54 is constituted of honeycomb-structured ceramics, and by this, the particulate-matter contained in exhaust-gas is collectted while flowing through filter 54.
  • Heating space 53 is a space within which microwave energy is confined by using microwave shielding means 55 and 56 consisted of punched metal sheet or honeycomb metal sheet.
  • 57 is a heat-insulator provided in a space between the external wall of filter 54 and the inter-nal wall 58 of heating space 53, acting as a supporter of filter 54 at the same time. The space enclosed by heat-insulator is shielded against the flow of exhaust-gas.
  • exhaust-pipe 52 may be branched into plural exhaust pipes on which filters are installed individually.
  • microwave generator 59 electromagnétique wave supplying means
  • the microwave generated by microwave generator 59 is supplied into heating space 53 through coaxial transmission line 60, antenna 61 converting the coaxial waveguide, ring-formed rectangular waveguide 62, and a pair of feed holes 63 and 64, so that induction heating can be applied on the particulate matter collected by filter 54.
  • feed holes 63 and 64 are disposed on facing positions on the wall of exhaust-gas pipe 66 which is a constituting element of heating space and on the end of ring-formed rectangular waveguide 62.
  • Antenna 61 converting the coaxial waveguide is so disposed on a predetermined position on ring-formed rectangular waveguide 62 that the microwave can be radiated into heating space from feed holes 63 and 64 separated by a phase angle of 180°.
  • microwave-intensity detecting means disposed in heating space 53 which is isolated from the exhaust-gas by means of heat-insulator 57 in order to detect the microwave-intensity at a location near to microwave-generating means 59, and is disposed at a position protruded into heating space 53 by utilizing a coaxial-line of which core conductor 68 is protruded therein by a predetermined length.
  • Microwave-intensity detecting means 67 is disposed at a position at which a monotonously decreased microwave-intensity with an increase of the weight of collected particulate matter at a neighborhood of desired particulate weight can be observed.
  • microwave-intensity detecting means 67 Although an example utilizing only one microwave-intensity detecting means 67 has been shown, plural of this means may be disposed. Though the exhaust-gas exhausted from internal combustion engine 51 is introduced in filter 54 normally by operating valve 69, this may be switched to a position at which the exhaust gas is introduced into exhaust branching pipe 70 at the time of filter-regeneration (this means burning removal of particulate-matter collected by filter 4), and the exhaust-gas is exhausted through muffler 71.
  • Gas supplying means 72 (regeneration means) supplies a gas containing oxygen into heating space 53, and the flow of said gas is controlled by valves 74 and 75 which are valves controlling the flow of said gas containing oxygen into filter 54.
  • Valve 74 is disposed on branch pipe 76 acting as a path of exhaust-gas passed through filter 54 at filter regeneration, and valve 75 is disposed at a position between heating space 53 and exhaust-pipe 77 opened to the air, and these two valves are so controlled that the gas accelerating the burning of collected particulate-matter is guided into filter 54 during the period of filter-regeneration.
  • 78 is a means to detect the exhaust-gas temperature
  • this is usable as a means to detect the flow of exhaust-gas or a means to detect the engine operation. Therefore, it can be one of the means detecting the engine-load condition by which physical factors related to the engine operation can be determined
  • 78 is disposed at a position near filter 54 between the heating space 53 and branch 76. The temperature of exhaust-gas detected by exhaust-gas temperature detecting means 78 is higher in proportion to the increase of load of engine 51.
  • filters In a case where exhaust-pipe 52 is branched into plural pipes, filters have to be installed individually on each of the plural branched pipes, and plural temperature detecting means have to be installed at the positions near said respective filters so that the flow of exhaust-gas in each of filters are detectable.
  • Exhaust-gas temperature detecting means 78 is to detect the temperature of exhaust-gas flow in filter 54 when it is regenerated, and 79 is a throttle-angle detecting means disposed on internal-combustion engine 1, but it can be one of the means to detect the load of internal-combustion engine (mechanical signal detecting means) and the wider throttle-angle is considered as a higher load of internal-combustion engine 51.
  • throttle-angle detecting means 79 When throttle-angle detecting means 79 is used as an internal combustion engine load detecting means. the load condition of internal-combustion engine can be determined precisely while, when exhaust gas temperature detecting means 78 is used, the information available through it is usable for the filter regeneration, but both of these can be used simultaneously as well.
  • an engine operation detecting means detecting the output of alternator or dynamo
  • an electrical signal detecting means detecting the output of alternator or dynamo
  • an intake-air volume detecting means utilizing the intake-air volume sensor installed at the intake of internal combustion engine
  • an exhaust-gas volume detecting means utilizing the information outputted from an engine-rotation sensor
  • control means 81 which is an electronic control unit (ECU) through coaxial line 80.
  • ECU electronice control unit
  • the output of exhaust-gas temperature detecting means 78 or throttle-angle detecting means 79 is inputted into control means 81.
  • first time-integrating means 82 integrates the periods during which the exhaust-gas from engine 51 is guided into filter 54
  • second time-integrating means 83 integrates the periods during which the temperature of exhaust-gas of engine 51 is less than a predetermined temperature, or the periods during which the throttle-angle is held at an angle less than a predetermined angle.
  • subtraction means 84 the output of second time integrating means 83 is subtracted from the output of first time integrating means 82.
  • the weight of collected particulate-matter can be derived from the first collected particulate matter weight processing means 85 wherein the result of said subtraction process and the output of microwave intensity detecting means 67 are processed as variables.
  • the weight of collected particulate matter can be derived from second collected particulate matter weight processing means 86 wherein the output of second time integrating means 83 is processed as a variable.
  • first and second collected particulate-matter weight processing means 85 and 86 are added together by collected particulate matter weight adding means 85, and this is regarded as the deter-mined collected particulate-matter weight.
  • Collected particulate-matter weight determining means 88 is constituted of time sub-traction means 84, first collected particulate-matter weight processing means 85 provided with a collected particulate matter weight memory means and a collected particulate-matter weight deriving means, a second collected particulate-matter weight processing means 86 (multiplying means), and particulate-matter weight adding means 87 (collected particulate-matter weight adding means).
  • the weight range of collected particulate-matter avoiding possible mechanical damage of filter 54 is variable depending on the time required to regenerate the filter.
  • the weight of collected particulate matter assuring a long filter life should be within a range of 4 to 6 grams/l (1 is filter volume, and so forth), therefore, the weight of particulate-matter collected by filter 54 has to be determined precisely, and this is possible by employing the method of present invention.
  • Microwave generating means 59 is operated at a predetermined period by control means 81 during the operation of internal combustion engine 51, and the output of the microwave-intensity detecting means is incorporated into control means 81 at a pre-determined time after the start of operation of microwave generating means 59.
  • first time-integrating means 82 This is an integration of periods during which the temperature detected by exhaust-gas detecting means 78 is maintained at a temperature above a predetermined temperature or the integration of periods during which a predetermined output has been outputted from throttle-angle detecting means 79, although the integration of periods during which a predetermined output has been outputted from an alternator (not shown) coupled to internal-combustion engine 51 may be used, instead.
  • second time-integrating means 83 is an integration of the periods during which the temperature of exhaust-gas outputted from engine 51, detected by exhaust-gas temperature detecting means 78 have been less than a predetermined temperature, or the periods during which the throttle-angle determined by throttle-angle detecting means 79 is held at an angle less than a predetermined angle.
  • control means 81 After this, based on the output of microwave-intensity detecting means 67 and the integrated outputs of first and second time-integrating means 82 and 83 incorporated in control means 81, the later-described processing are executed by control means 81.
  • the filter regeneration is executed as soon as the weight of collected particulate-matter became more than a predetermined weight value.
  • second time-integrating means 83 integrates the periods during which internal-combustion engine 51 had been operated at a load less than a predetermined value, and the integrated value is set as a variable of second collected particulate-matter weight processing means 86.
  • the weight of collected particulate-matter can be derived by multiplying the weight of collected particulate-matter accumulated on filter 54 during a limited period on the output of second time-integrating means 83.
  • Fig. 5 shows a relationship between the exhaust-gas flow periods in filter 54 and the output of microwave-detection means 67 obtained when an internal-combustion engine load is varied under a condition of constant rotating-speed.
  • (A) is a characteristics obtained at a high load
  • (B) is at intermediate load
  • (C) is obtained at light load.
  • a group of single broken lines shown in Fig. 5 are lines of equal-weights of collected particulate, showing the coordinates of particulate-matter weight from 0 to 12 grams spaced at an interval of 2g/l.
  • these are on a broken line shown in Fig. 5 connecting the outputs of microwave-detection means 67 obtained at 100 and 400 °C respectively.
  • the weights of collected particulate-matter are higher when internal-combustion engine 51 is operated at higher load and for the smaller increment of integrated exhaust gas flow periods, and the output of microwave-detection means is smaller when the temperature of exhaust-gas is higher, and furthermore, the output of microwave-detection means 67 is lower for the same collected particulate-matter weight when the internal-combustion engine is operated at a heavy load (A) when the weight ratio of soot is high.
  • the integrated time of exhaust-gas flow periods in this case is obtained by subtracting the integrated time (a value obtained by the second time-integrating means 83) during which the load of internal-combustion engine 51 is kept lower than a predetermined value from the integrated time (integrated value obtained by first time-integrating means 82) during which exhaust-gas is passed in filter 54 by using time-subtraction means 84.
  • the outputs of the first and the second collected particulate-matter weight processing means added by particulate-matter weight adding means 87 is defined as the weight of particulate-matter collected by filter 54.
  • control means 81 Since the time necessary to incorporate the output of microwave-detection means 67 into control means 81 is an order of 1/50 seconds, no effects of it can be seen, the weight of particulate-matter can be determined precisely independent of transitional changes of operating conditions of internal combustion engine 51.
  • valves 69, 74, and 75 are so controlled that the exhaust-gas outputted from internal-combustion engine 51 is introduced in filter 54, and by this, particulate-matter contained in exhaust-gas is collected on filter 54 purifying the exhaust-gas. Increases of flow-resistance and load of internal-combustion engine are caused by the increase of particulate-matter collected on filter 54, and in an extreme case, this may result in engine stagnation.
  • valves 69, 74, and 75 are so controlled that the exhaust-gas outputted from internal combustion engine 51 is bypassed through exhaust-gas branching-pipe 70, and the operation of microwave-generating means 59 is started so that the particulate-matter collected on filter 54 is induction-heated by the generated microwave,
  • gas naturally air can be used
  • air-supplying means 72 is introduced therein by operating air-supplying means 72 at a predetermine timing in order to burn out the collected particulate-matter so that it can be completely removed from filter 54.
  • the regeneration of filter 54 is completed, and the integrated values of the first and the second time-integrating means 82 and 83 are reset and are set at zero respectively, valves 69, 74, and 75 are so controlled that the exhaust-gas is supplied to the regenerated filter 54 again.
  • valve 69 is so controlled that the exhaust-gas from internal-combustion engine 51 is flowed in filter 54.
  • the weight of collected particulate-matter can be determined precisely independent of the variations of operating conditions of internal-combustion engine 51 by using the invented collected particulate-matter weight judging means which is an embodiment of the invention, and filter 54 can be regenerated whenever the weight of particulate-matter is reached to a predetermined proper value.
  • filter 54 can be protected against any possible damages and the extension of life of filter 54 becomes possible.
  • induction-heating produced by microwave is employed to filter-regeneration
  • this does not necessarily mean that the scope of the invention is limited within the above-shown range, but the effects same as above can be obtained by employing another method such as heater-heating, burner heating, self-burning of particulate-matter utilizing the temperature rise of exhaust-gas utilizing the method of exhaust throttling, advanced fuel-injection timing control, or reverse cleaning (direction of exhaust-gas is reversed).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Eine Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung umfassend:
    einen Filter (4) zum Sammeln der aus Teilchen bestehenden Materie, die im Abgas eines Verbrennungsmotors (1) enthalten ist,
    eine Zuführeinrichtung für elektromagnetische Wellen (5) zum Zuführen elektromagnetischer Wellen in einen Raum (3), in dem der Filter aufgenommen ist,
    eine Detektionseinrichtung für elektromagnetische Wellen (18), die an die elektromagnetische Welle gekoppelt ist, die in dem Raum (3), in dem der Filter (4) aufgenommen ist, erzeugt wird, zum Detektieren der Intensität der elektromagnetischen Welle,
    eine Einrichtung zum Abschätzen der Menge an der durch den Filter gesammelten aus Einzelteilchen bestehenden Materie aus dem durch die Detektionseinrichtung für elektromagnetische Wellen erhaltenen Signal,
    eine Regenerierungseinrichtung (15, 16) zum Entfernen der in dem Filter angesammelten, aus Teilchen bestehenden Materie, die durch das von der Einrichtung zum Abschätzen der Menge an aus Teilchen bestehenden Materie ausgegebene Signal betätigt wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die Einrichtung zum Abschätzen der angesammelten Menge an aus Teilchen bestehender Materie das Gewicht derselben bestimmt,
    eine Maschinenbetriebsdetektionseinrichtung vorgesehen ist, und die Einrichtung zum Abschätzen des Gewichts der angesammelten, aus Teilchen bestehenden Materie versehen ist mit
    einer Einrichtung zum Speichern physikalischer Faktoren, in der die physikalischen Faktoren, die mit dem Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors in bezug stehen, und die Intensität der elektromagnetischen Welle in dem Raum, in dem der Filter aufgenommen ist, als Variablen definiert werden, und
    einer Einrichtung zum Ableiten des Gewichts der angesammelten, aus Teilchen bestehenden Materie, durch die das Signal des physikalischen Faktors, der mit dem Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors in Beziehung steht, und das Intensitätssignal der elektromagnetischen Welle, das durch die Detektionseinrichtung für elektromagnetische Wellen detektiert worden ist, mit einer Speichereinrichtung für das Gewicht der gesammelten, aus Teilchen bestehenden Materie verglichen werden.
  2. Eine Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, in welcher
    die Maschinenbetriebsdetektionseinrichtung versehen ist mit wenigstens einer Einrichtung aus der Gruppe der Einrichtungen, die besteht aus
    einer Detektionseinrichtung für elektrische Signale zum Detektieren des Signals, das von den elektrischen Komponenten ausgegeben wird, die mit dem Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors in Beziehung stehen,
    einer Ansaugluftvolumendetektionseinrichtung (79) zum Detektieren des Volumens von Ansaugluft, einer Abgasvolumendetektionseinrichtung zum Detektieren des Volumens des Abgases, das von dem Verbrennungsmotor abgegeben wird, und
    einer Abgastemperaturdetektionseinrichtung (23).
  3. Eine Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung umfassend:
    einen Filter (54), der aus Teilchen bestehende Materie, die im Abgas eines Verbrennungsmotors (51) enthalten ist, sammelt,
    eine Zuführeinrichtung für elektromagnetische Wellen (59) zum Zuführen einer elektromagnetischen Welle in einen Raum (53), in dem der Filter (54) aufgenommen ist,
    eine Detektionseinrichtung für elektromagnetische Wellen (67), die an die elektromagnetische Welle gekoppelt ist, die in dem Raum (53), in dem der Filter aufgenommen ist, erzeugt wird, und zum Detektieren der Intensität der elektromagnetischen Welle, und
    eine Regenerierungseinrichtung (72, 74, 75) zum Entfernen der in dem Filter gesammelten, aus Teilchen bestehenden Materie, welche durch das von der Detektionseinrichtung für elektromagnetische Wellen ausgegebene Signal betätigbar ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung versehen ist mit:
    einer Gasflußdetektionseinrichtung zum Detektieren des Abgasflusses in dem Filter,
    einer Zeitintegrationseinrichtung (82) zum Integrieren der Zeitintervalle, in denen Abgas entsprechend des von der Gasflußdetektionseinrichtung ausgegebenen detektierten Signals in dem Filter strömt,
    einer Gewichtsspeichereinrichtung für angesammelte, aus Teilchen bestehende Materie (85) zum Bestimmen der Gewichte der in dem Filter (54) angesammelten, aus Teilchen bestehenden Materie und zum Definieren des integrierten Zeitwerts und der Intensität der detektierten elektromagnetischen Welle als Variablen unter Verwendung eines selben oder ähnlichen Verbrennungsmotors, eines Filters, einer Flußdetektionseinrichtung, einer Zeitintegrationseinrichtung, einer Zuführeinrichtung für elektromagnetische Wellen und einer Detektionseinrichtung für elektromagnetische Wellen, und
    einer Gewichtsableiteinrichtung für angesammelte, aus Teilchen bestehende Materie zum Ableiten des Gewichts der durch den Filter angesammelten, aus Teilchen bestehende Materie durch Vergleichen des von der Zeitintegrationseinrichtung gezählten Zeitwerts und des Werts, der durch die Detektionseinrichtung für elektromagnetische Wellen detektiert worden ist, mit den Werten, die in der Gewichtsspeichereinrichtung für angesammelte, aus Teilchen bestehende Materie (86) gespeichert ist.
  4. Eine Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, weiter umfassend:
    eine Maschinenlastdedektionseinrichtung (79) zum Detektieren der Last eines Verbrennungsmotors,
    eine zweite Zeitintegrationseinrichtung (83) zum Integrieren der Zeitintervalle, die die Bedingungen, daß das Abgas gemäß einem entsprechend detektierten Signal, das von der Gasflußdetektionseinrichtung ausgegeben worden ist, im Filter fließt, und daß eine Last des Verbrennungsmotors entsprechend eines Signals, das von der Maschinenlastdetektionseinrichtung ausgegeben wird, niedrig gehalten ist, erfüllen,
    eine Zeitsubtraktionseinrichtung (84) zum Subtrahieren der Zählwerte der zweiten Zeitintegrationseinrichtung (83) von den Werten der ersten Zeitintegrationseinrichtung (82),
    in welcher die Gewichtspeichereinrichtung für angesammelte, aus Teilchen bestehende Materie die Gewichte der durch den Filter angesammelten, aus Teilchen bestehenden Materie bestimmt und das von der Subtraktionseinrichtung ausgegebene Ergebnis, die integrierten Zeitwerte und die Intensität der detektierten elektromagnetischen Welle als Variablen definiert, unter Verwendung eines selben oder ähnlichen Verbrennungsmotors, eines Filters, einer Flußdetektionseinrichtung, einer Zeitintegrationseinrichtung, einer Zuführeinrichtung für elektromagnetische Wellen und einer Detektionseinrichtung für elektromagnetische Wellen.
  5. Eine Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, weiter versehen mit:
    einer Multiplikationseinrichtung (86) zum Multiplizieren eines vorbestimmten Werts mit dem Zeitwert, der durch die zweite Zeitintegrationseinrichtung bestimmt wird, und
    eine Gewichtsaddiereinrichtung für angesammelte, aus Teilchen bestehende Materie (87) zum Ableiten des Gewichts der durch den Filter angesammelten, aus Teilchen bestehenden Materie durch Addieren des durch die Gewichtsableiteinrichtung für angesammelte, aus Teilchen bestehende Materie abgeleiteten Gewichtswerts der angesammelten, aus Teilchen bestehenden Materie zum Zählwert, der durch die Multiplikationseinrichtung erhalten worden ist.
  6. Eine Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, in welcher
    die Gewichtsspeichereinrichtung für angesammelte, aus Teilchen bestehende Materie (85) aufgebaut ist aus Gewichtskurven für angesammelte, aus Teilchen bestehende Materie, von denen jede funktionalisiert ist, oder Gewichtskurven für angesammelte, aus Teilchen bestehende Materie, die dadurch in eine Matrixform transformiert worden sind, daß erwünschte Gewichte angesammelter, aus Teilchen bestehender Materie in der zeitabhängigen Kenndatenkurve zugewiesen worden sind, und Gewichtskurven für angesammelte, aus Teilchen bestehende Materie, die alle Punkte der gleichen Gewichte angesammelter, aus Teilchen bestehender Materie verbinden, welche erhalten werden durch Zeichnen aller Gewichtskurven für angesammelte, aus Teilchen bestehende Materie durch Verbinden der Punkte, die gleiche Gewichte für angesammelte, aus Teilchen bestehende Materie zeigen, und durch Einstellen der integrierten Zeitwerte und der detektierten Werte der elektromagnetischen Welle als Variablen, basierend auf der zeitabhängigen Kenndatenkurve des detektierten Werts für die elektromagnetische Welle, erhalten durch Betreiben des Verbrennungsmotors unter wenigstens zwei verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen, welche die Umdrehung und die Last des Verbrennungsmotors definieren, und durch Ermitteln des Gewichts der angesammelten, aus Teilchen bestehenden Materie nach dem Motorbetrieb.
  7. Eine Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, in welcher
    die Matrix aus Reihen integrierter Zeitwerte und die Spalten aus detektierten Werten für die elektromagnetische Welle bestehen, und
    die Intervalle der Reihen in Bereichen mit großem Integrationszeitwert größer sind als die Intervalle der Reihen in Bereichen mit kleinem Integrationszeitwert und/oder die Intervalle der Spalten in einem Bereich mit großem detektiertem Wert der elektromagnetischen Welle größer sind als die Intervalle der Spalten in Bereichen mit kleinen detektierten Werten für die elektromagnetische Welle.
  8. Eine Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, in welcher
    die Gasflußdetektionseinrichtung versehen ist mit wenigstens einer der Einrichtungen aus der Gruppe, die besteht aus
    einer elektrischen Signaldetektionseinrichtung zum Detektieren der Änderungen in elektrischen Signalen der elektrischen Komponenten, die in bezug auf den Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors erzeugt werden,
    einer Einlaßluftvolumendetektionseinrichtung zum Detektieren des Volumens des Abgases, das von dem Verbrennungsmotor abgegeben wird, und
    wenigstens einer Abgastemperaturdetektionseinrichtung (78) zum Detektieren der Temperatur des Abgases.
  9. Eine Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, in welcher
    die Detektionseinrichtung für elektromagnetische Wellen (67) an einer vorbestimmten Position an einer Behäterwand, die dem in einem Behälter aufgenommen Filter (54) gegenüberliegt, angeordnet ist.
  10. Eine Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, in welcher
    die Maschinenlastdetektionseinrichtung (79) mit einer mechanischen Signaldetektionseinrichtung zum Detektieren der mechanischen Änderungen der mechanischen Komponenten in bezug auf den Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors und/oder einer Abgasdetektionseinrichtung zum Detektieren der Temperatur des Abgases des Verbrennungsmotors versehen ist.
EP95104866A 1994-04-01 1995-03-31 Abgasreiniger Expired - Lifetime EP0675267B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP64963/94 1994-04-01
JP6064963A JP2900786B2 (ja) 1994-04-01 1994-04-01 パティキュレート重量判定装置
JP230995/94 1994-09-27
JP6230995A JP2738307B2 (ja) 1994-09-27 1994-09-27 パティキュレート捕集重量判定装置

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EP0675267A1 EP0675267A1 (de) 1995-10-04
EP0675267B1 true EP0675267B1 (de) 1998-06-10

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GB2416836A (en) * 2004-08-07 2006-02-08 Eminox Ltd Inspecting a vehicle exhaust filter by imaging transmitted electromagnetic radiation
WO2008096853A1 (ja) 2007-02-09 2008-08-14 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. 流体中の微粒子濃度測定機、測定方法および測定プログラム
JP4949976B2 (ja) * 2007-09-03 2012-06-13 トヨタ自動車株式会社 粒子状物質の捕集分布検出方法及び捕集分布検出装置と排ガス浄化装置
EP2927443A1 (de) * 2014-04-02 2015-10-07 Caterpillar Inc. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Detektion von Harnstoffablagerungsbildung
DE102018207475A1 (de) * 2018-05-15 2019-11-21 Continental Automotive Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln eines Zustands eines Abgasbehandlungselements für ein Kraftfahrzeug
US11460444B2 (en) 2019-04-23 2022-10-04 Pall Corporation Aircraft air contaminant analyzer and method of use
US11668677B2 (en) 2019-04-23 2023-06-06 Pall Corporation Aircraft air contaminant analyzer and method of use
US10955318B2 (en) 2019-04-23 2021-03-23 Pall Corporation Aircraft air contaminant analyzer and method of use
CN112304618A (zh) * 2019-08-02 2021-02-02 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 发动机台架的gpf再生装置
CN113865027A (zh) * 2021-09-29 2021-12-31 海信（山东）空调有限公司 二氧化碳收集装置的控制方法及装置、空调器和存储介质

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JP2738251B2 (ja) * 1993-01-20 1998-04-08 松下電器産業株式会社 内燃機関用フィルタ再生装置

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CN1113541A (zh) 1995-12-20
DE69502868T2 (de) 1998-09-24
CN1084427C (zh) 2002-05-08
DE69502868D1 (de) 1998-07-16

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