EP0674323B1 - Gel zur radioaktiven Dekontamination und zum Schutz von Oberflächen - Google Patents

Gel zur radioaktiven Dekontamination und zum Schutz von Oberflächen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0674323B1
EP0674323B1 EP95400605A EP95400605A EP0674323B1 EP 0674323 B1 EP0674323 B1 EP 0674323B1 EP 95400605 A EP95400605 A EP 95400605A EP 95400605 A EP95400605 A EP 95400605A EP 0674323 B1 EP0674323 B1 EP 0674323B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gel
agent
weight
gel according
aqueous solution
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95400605A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0674323A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Paul Gauchon
Jean-Luc Alcaraz
Lucien Gallo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of EP0674323A1 publication Critical patent/EP0674323A1/de
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Publication of EP0674323B1 publication Critical patent/EP0674323B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/001—Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gel capable of retaining radioactive contamination, which can be used in particular for interventions in the dry process in nuclear installations such as dismantling installations.
  • One of the techniques used consists in covering the contaminated surfaces with a polyvinyl chloride film capable of fixing the contamination and then mechanically removing the contaminated polyvinyl chloride film.
  • This technique is difficult to apply when working on large areas, because it produces a large volume of waste.
  • the present invention specifically relates to gels capable of retaining radioactive contamination, which can be used to protect or decontaminate a surface and then be easily removed.
  • the aqueous solution also comprises 0.2 to 1% by weight of a preservative with bacteriostatic effect and optionally one or more additives chosen from antistatic agents, acrylic copolymers and dyes.
  • the amount of antistatic agent is generally from 0.5 to 1.5% by weight
  • the amount of acrylic copolymer is generally from 0.1 to 8% by weight
  • the amount of dye can be from 0.001 to 1% by weight.
  • a film-forming agent comprising SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, FeO and K 2 O
  • This film-forming agent contains for example 52% of SiO 2 , 22% of Al 2 O 3 , 12.6% of MgO, 3.6% of FeO and 2.8% of K 2 O.
  • this film-forming agent is practically inert and has good wetting ability in an aqueous and oily medium. Furthermore, it increases the adhesion of the gel and leads, after drying of the gel, to obtaining a very hard and resistant surface on which it is possible to walk.
  • the gels also comprise particles of an adsorbing agent dispersed in the aqueous solution, the amount of particles representing from 1 to 5% of the aqueous solution.
  • a gel is a colloidal solution, the phases of which are difficult to define due to the molecular weight of the colloid and its large state of dispersion in solution.
  • This gel structure is obtained by adding a gelling agent to an aqueous solution, with slow and continuous stirring, until optimum swelling is obtained.
  • the gelling agent used is preferably an organic gelling agent consisting of a synthetic polymer or a cellulose ether.
  • gelling agents As examples of such gelling agents, mention may be made of the product sold by Scott Bader SA under the reference Texipol 63 508 which consists of a dispersion in an organic solvent of an aqueous solution of synthetic polymer, and the product sold by Dow Chemical Company under the brand name Methocel® which is a hydroxypropylated methylcellulose in the form of granules.
  • the content of gelling agent is chosen so as to obtain a viscosity sufficient to be able to maintain the gel in a layer on the surface of a part.
  • the gel has a viscosity at least equal to 800 CPs at the time of use in order to be able to apply it easily on surfaces, for example by spraying with a gun.
  • the gelling agent contents represent from 5 to 15% by weight of the solution, and the choice of this content depends in particular on the gelling agent used.
  • the aqueous solution of the gel of the invention may also comprise a preservative, an antistatic agent, an acrylic copolymer, a dye and optionally an adsorbent agent.
  • the preservatives that can be used are products with a bacteriostatic effect that prevent bacterial fermentation.
  • preserving agents which can be used, mention may be made of phenoxyethanol, ie the product sold by Rhône Poulenc under the reference IGEPAL OD 410.
  • An antistatic agent can also be added to the solution, especially when the gel is intended to be applied to plastic surfaces such as polymethyl methacrylate surfaces, for example Plexiglas®, or to ferritic steel surfaces.
  • the antistatic agents capable of being used can be chosen from surfactants of the cationic, anionic or nonionic type.
  • surfactants of the cationic, anionic or nonionic type By way of examples of such cationic surfactants, mention may be made of ethoxylated amines such as the product sold by Rhône-Poulenc under the reference Cemulcat 020.
  • an acrylic copolymer is advantageous in cases where the gel is intended to be applied to metal surfaces.
  • This acrylic copolymer indeed increases the cohesion and the mechanical resistance of the gel film applied.
  • This copolymer can be added in the form of an aqueous dispersion free of styrene.
  • a copolymer which can be used mention may be made of the product sold by Luzzato & Figlio under the reference Luzamul AC.
  • the gel also comprises a coloring agent.
  • a coloring agent As examples of dyes which may be used, mention may be made of Lumina Red 2B and the dye E 127.
  • the gel of the invention further comprises a powdered adsorbing agent for adsorbing and retaining the radioactive elements responsible for the contamination.
  • This adsorbing agent can be constituted by a zeolite since the zeolites are capable of fixing numerous cations. You can also use activated carbon.
  • the adsorbent used is chosen according to the radioactive element responsible for the contamination.
  • the gels of the invention can be prepared in a simple manner, at room temperature, by mixing with demineralized water, with slow stirring, any additives such as the preservative, the antistatic agent and / or the dye. , then gradually adding to this solution, with slow stirring, the gelling agent until the optimum swelling is obtained, then the film-forming agent, and finally, if necessary, the acrylic copolymer and / or the adsorbing agent.
  • the gels of the invention can be used to protect a surface from contamination or to decontaminate a contaminated surface.
  • a gel according to the invention is applied to the surface to be protected before it has been contaminated; after contamination of the surface, the gel is removed by rinsing with water.
  • a gel according to the invention is applied to the contaminated surface, the gel is maintained on this surface for a sufficient time so that it fixes the radioactivity, then it is eliminated by rinsing with water.
  • the gel can be applied to the surface by any conventional method, for example by spraying with a spray gun, by spraying, by soaking and draining, or even by means of a brush. It can then be easily removed from the surface by peeling it off by a simple rinsing with water, for example by means of a water jet.
  • demineralized water or an aqueous solution is usually used in which the gels can be dissolved or form a detachable and water-entrainable film.
  • an adsorbing agent for example a zeolite or activated carbon
  • the radioactivity can be concentrated on this adsorbing agent; this avoids the production of aqueous effluents highly charged with radioactivity.
  • the surfaces capable of being protected or decontaminated by means of the gel of the invention can be of different types. They may be plastic surfaces, for example Plexiglas®, that is to say polymethyl methacrylate, or metal surfaces, for example ferritic steel or stainless steel.
  • Gel # 1 is prepared, the composition of which is given in Table 1 by mixing with demineralized water, neutralized with sodium hydroxide, with slow stirring, the preservative (Igepal OD 410) and the coloring agent (E 127), then gradually adding to this solution with slow and continuous stirring, the gelling agent (Texipol 63508) until optimum swelling is obtained.
  • the film-forming agent (Plastorit S) is then gradually incorporated with slow stirring.
  • Gel No. 2 is prepared, the composition of which is given in Table 1 by following the same procedure as in Example 1, but additionally adding 0.5% by weight of agent to the starting demineralized water. antistatic consisting of Cemulcat 020 and replacing the dye E 127 with Lumina 2B Red.
  • gels n ° 1, n ° 2 or n ° 4 are applied to Plexiglas® supports to study the properties of the gel with regard to scratch resistance, adhesion to the support and ease of rinse with water.
  • gel No. 2 which comprises an antistatic agent and no acrylic copolymer, is best suited for protecting Plexiglas® surfaces.
  • the gels which are most suitable in this case are gels No. 2 and No. 4 which also contain an antistatic agent and optionally an acrylic copolymer.
  • the protective properties of the gels are studied with respect to a support made of 304 L stainless steel.
  • gels No. 3 and 4 which contain an acrylic copolymer and optionally an antistatic agent.
  • Example 16 Protection of a Plexiglas® surface against contamination by cesium-137.
  • gel No. 2 is used, to which 5% by weight of zeolite IE 96 is added as adsorbent for cesium-137.
  • Zeolite IE 96 is a sodium aluminosilicate sold by Union Carbide.
  • the gel is deposited on Plexiglas® test specimens by spraying with a gun, the gel is left to dry for 24 hours and is deposited on the test specimens coated with cesium-137 gel. The gel is then removed by rinsing with demineralized water. The rinse water is filtered and the activity retained by the gel and the filtrate is counted.
  • Example 17 Decontamination of a Plexiglass® surface.
  • Example 16 the same procedure is followed as in Example 16, but the gel is deposited on Plexiglas® test tubes which have already undergone radioactive contamination by cesium-137. Gel No. 2 is also used, to which 5% of IE 96 zeolite has been added.
  • the gel has a high retention power with respect to cesium, even when the latter has already been deposited on the support.
  • Example 18 Protection of a Plexiglas® surface.
  • Example 19 Protection of an austenitic steel surface.
  • Example 16 the procedure of Example 16 is followed to protect the austenitic steel surface from contamination by cesium-137.
  • gel No. 3 is used, which contains 5% of zeolite IE 96.
  • the protected surface is then subjected to contamination by cesium-137, then the gel by rinsing with water.
  • the results obtained are given in Table 6.
  • Example 20 Decontamination of an austenitic steel surface.
  • Example 17 the same procedure is followed as in Example 17 to decontaminate an austenitic steel surface contaminated with cesium-137 using gel No. 3 containing 5% by weight of zeolite IE 96.
  • the results obtained are given in Table 6. These results confirm the high retention power of the gel, even when the radioactivity is deposited beforehand on the support.
  • TABLE 6 PROTECTION AND RETENTION GEL Ex Gel Initial activity of the Bq / ech sample Bq / ech sample activity Freezing activity Bq / ec.
  • Example 21 Protection of an austenitic steel surface.
  • Example 18 the same procedure is followed as in Example 18, using gel No. 3 without zeolite to protect the surface.
  • the results obtained are given in Table 6 and they also confirm the protective power of the gel, but its lower power to retain radioactivity.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Gel mit der Fähigkeit, eine radioaktive Kontamination zurückzuhalten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus einer wäßrigen Kolloidal-Lösung besteht, umfassend:
    2,5 bis 15 Gew.-% eines Geliermittels und
    5 bis 15 Gew.-% eines filmbildenden Mittels, umfassend SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, FeO und K2O.
  2. Gel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wäßrige Lösung außerdem 0,2 bis 1 Gew.-% eines Konservierungsmittels mit bakteriostatischer Wirkung enthält.
  3. Gel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wäßrige Lösung außerdem 0,5 bis 1,5 Gew.-% eines antistatischen Mittels enthält.
  4. Gel nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wäßrige Lösung außerdem 0,1 bis 8 Gew.-% eines Acryl-Copolymers enthält.
  5. Gel nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wäßrige Lösung außerdem 0,001 bis 1 Gew.-% eines Farbstoffs enthält.
  6. Gel nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es außerdem Teilchen eines Adsorptionsmittels enthält, die in der wäßrigen Lösung dispergiert sind, wobei die Menge der Teilchen 1 bis 5 Gew.-% der wäßrigen Lösung darstellt.
  7. Gel nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Geliermittel durch ein synthetisches Polymer gebildet wird.
  8. Gel nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das filmbildende Mittel ein Posten mit drei anorganischen Bestandteilen ist, umfassend SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, FeO und K2O.
  9. Gel nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Konservierungsmittel Phenoxyethanol ist.
  10. Gel nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das antistatische Mittel ein ethoxyliertes Amin ist.
  11. Gel nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Adsorptionsmittel ein Zeolit oder Aktivkohle ist.
  12. Verfahren zum Schutz einer Oberfläche vor einer Kontamination, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man vor der Kontamination ein Gel nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 auf der Oberfläche aufbringt, und daß man nach der Kontamination der Oberfläche das Gel durch Spülen mit Wasser entfernt.
  13. Verfahren zur Dekontamination einer kontaminierten Oberfläche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man auf die kontaminierte Oberfläche ein Gel nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 aufbringt, und daß man darauf folgend das Gel durch Spülen mit Wasser entfernt.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche aus Methylpolymethacrylat oder aus ferritischem Stahl besteht und daß das Gel ein Geliermittel umfaßt, ein filmbildendes Mittel, ein antistatisches Mittel und ein Konservierungsmittel.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche aus ferritischem Stahl besteht und daß das Gel ein Geliermittel umfaßt, ein filmbildendes Mittel, ein antistatisches Mittel, ein Konservierungsmittel und ein Acryl-Copolymer.
  16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 und 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche ein nichtoxidierbarer Stahl ist und daß das Geliermittel, ein filmbildendes Mittel, ein Acryl-Copolymer, ein Konservierungsmittel und gegebenenfalls ein antistatisches Mittel umfaßt.
  17. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 14 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gel außerdem ein Adsorptionsmittel enthält, gebildet durch ein Zeolit und einen Farbstoff.
EP95400605A 1994-03-22 1995-03-20 Gel zur radioaktiven Dekontamination und zum Schutz von Oberflächen Expired - Lifetime EP0674323B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9403335 1994-03-22
FR9403335A FR2717709B1 (fr) 1994-03-22 1994-03-22 Gel capable de retenir une contamination radioactive et son utilisation pour protéger ou décontaminer une surface.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0674323A1 EP0674323A1 (de) 1995-09-27
EP0674323B1 true EP0674323B1 (de) 1997-12-10

Family

ID=9461294

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95400605A Expired - Lifetime EP0674323B1 (de) 1994-03-22 1995-03-20 Gel zur radioaktiven Dekontamination und zum Schutz von Oberflächen

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0674323B1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ71195A3 (de)
DE (1) DE69501171T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2112613T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2717709B1 (de)
RU (1) RU95103977A (de)
SK (1) SK36995A3 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2746328B1 (fr) * 1996-03-21 1998-05-29 Stmi Soc Tech Milieu Ionisant Gel organomineral de decontamination et son utilisation pour la decontamination de surfaces
KR100274703B1 (ko) * 1997-08-26 2000-12-15 김성년 점토를 기본물질로한 방사성 오염 표면 제염용 겔형 제염제 및 그제조방법
FR2781809B1 (fr) * 1998-07-31 2002-06-07 Commissariat Energie Atomique Composition de degraissage et procedes utilisant cette composition
DE19839045A1 (de) * 1998-08-28 2000-03-02 Detec Decommissioning Technolo Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zerlegen von Gegenständen
FR2826355B1 (fr) 2001-06-22 2003-08-15 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de traitement d'un effluent, notamment radioactif, contenant des matieres organiques
FR2891470B1 (fr) * 2005-10-05 2007-11-23 Commissariat Energie Atomique Gel aspirable pour la decontamination de surfaces et utilisation
FR2912668B1 (fr) * 2007-02-15 2009-05-22 Commissariat Energie Atomique Mousse de decontamination, de decapage et/ou de degraissage a particules solides
CN112760659B (zh) * 2020-12-02 2022-09-27 中国辐射防护研究院 一种氧化去污凝胶及其制备方法与用途

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2380624A1 (fr) * 1977-02-09 1978-09-08 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de decontamination radioactive d'une piece
DE3103353A1 (de) * 1981-01-31 1982-08-12 Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau "verfahren zur dekontamination radioaktiv verunreinigter oberflaechen"
FR2522869B1 (fr) * 1982-03-02 1988-08-12 Peintures Vernis Ste Lorraine Procede pour la decontamination radioactive des surfaces
DE3446931C2 (de) * 1984-12-21 1987-01-08 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., 3400 Göttingen Verfahren zum Dekontaminieren der Oberfläche eines Gegenstandes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ71195A3 (en) 1995-10-18
FR2717709A1 (fr) 1995-09-29
DE69501171T2 (de) 1998-06-10
FR2717709B1 (fr) 1996-04-26
RU95103977A (ru) 1997-01-27
EP0674323A1 (de) 1995-09-27
SK36995A3 (en) 1995-10-11
DE69501171D1 (de) 1998-01-22
ES2112613T3 (es) 1998-04-01

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