EP0671504B1 - Process for making a foamed material from waste paper and similar material - Google Patents
Process for making a foamed material from waste paper and similar material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0671504B1 EP0671504B1 EP95101694A EP95101694A EP0671504B1 EP 0671504 B1 EP0671504 B1 EP 0671504B1 EP 95101694 A EP95101694 A EP 95101694A EP 95101694 A EP95101694 A EP 95101694A EP 0671504 B1 EP0671504 B1 EP 0671504B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pulp
- foamed material
- microwaves
- mold
- producing foamed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
- D21J1/00—Fibreboard
- D21J1/06—Drying
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
- D21F11/002—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines by using a foamed suspension
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F5/16—Drying webs by electrical heating
- D21F5/167—Microwave heating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of foamed material from waste paper and the like. With any initial shape according to the preamble of claim 1.
- raw materials paper, cardboard, waste cardboard or materials with similar properties can be used, either according to type or as a raw material mixture.
- the invention should preferably make a contribution to environmental protection through the recovery and processing of secondary raw materials, which are available to a considerable extent.
- Various end products can be produced by the method according to the invention, in particular structural elements for heat and impact sound insulation, as well as those for vibration and shock absorption, furthermore roof covering or wall cladding panels, composite panels, other shaped bodies for use as filler material for insulation and packaging purposes. Special treatments are possible by adding, for example, hydrophobicizing agents, flame retardants, putrefactive substances or reaction aids.
- the lists are to be understood as examples.
- An essential known process step is the production of a liquid, vzw. aqueous pulp from the raw materials mentioned, hereinafter referred to as paper pulp, including comminution and mixing of the components.
- the task to be solved was to shorten the known methods in time, which is ultimately the prerequisite for the process to be able to be carried out continuously, for the expenditure on equipment and heat losses to be reduced.
- microwave radiation which is preferably in the range of 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz, instead of the conventional heat treatment.
- the advantages of this method of energy input lie in the fact that, in contrast to heat rays, very high energy densities can be achieved with microwaves and the energy does not act on the paper pulp from the surface, but penetrates into it and heats the liquid directly and evaporates it . With a corresponding energy density, the process takes place so violently that the steam produced, through the creation of paths for its outflow from the volume of the paper pulp irradiated, causes the mass to expand and puts it in a porous state.
- This process is a drying process as a result of the removal of liquid, a material consolidation sets in during the volume increase of the pulp, which stabilizes the voids created in the pulp.
- the process can be supported by foam-forming and stabilizing additives.
- Microwave radiation is able to penetrate materials with a corresponding dielectric constant, for example glass or paper, without loss of energy.
- Other materials absorb microwave radiation, ie they take over the energy of the microwaves.
- This process is also referred to as coupling to the microwaves. This happens in the molecular area and manifests itself in a warming of the coupling material.
- This material includes, for example, water in the liquid state. In a water-containing paper pulp, the energy provided by the microwaves is therefore transferred directly and only to the water molecules. The heat is generated in the irradiated volume, i.e.
- the irradiated body is not dimensionally stable, as is the case with the paper pulp under consideration, then the steam flowing out in the body creates flow paths in the form of cavities.
- the body takes on a porous structure. It loosens up considerably. Its volume increases. Since the hardening process due to drying of the material begins at the same time, this voluminous and porous structure is retained. Certain additives such as binders or foaming agents support this process. In terms of process technology, this means a considerable simplification of the aftertreatment. Otherwise, procedural steps are saved.
- a technical solution for the implementation of this process for the production of foamed material, in particular moldings, depends on the objective of the production and can be operated batchwise or continuously. In terms of apparatus, it must be guaranteed that, taking into account the increase in volume of the pulp, a largely unimpeded irradiation with microwaves is possible and at the same time the water vapor can flow out of the mold uninhibited.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von geschäumtem Material aus Altpapier und dgl. mit beliebiger Ausgangsform gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1. Als Rohstoffe sind gleichermaßen Papier, Pappe, Altpappe oder Materialien mit ähnlichen Eigenschaften einsetzbar, entweder sortengerecht oder als Rohstoffgemisch. Die Erfindung soll vorzugsweise einen Beitrag zum Umweltschutz durch Wiedergewinnung und Aufarbeitung von Sekundärrohstoffen, die im erheblichen Umfang zur Verfügung stehen, leisten.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren können verschiedene Endprodukte hergestellt werden, insbesondere Bauelemente zur Wärme- und Trittschalldämmung, sowie solche zur Schwingungs- und Stoßdämpfung, weiterhin Dacheindeckungs- bzw. Wandverkleidungstafeln, Verbundplatten, sonstige Formkörper zur Verwendung als Füllmaterial zu Isolier-und Verpackungszwecken. Sonderbehandlungen durch Zusatz von beispielsweise Hydrophierungsmitteln, Flammenschutzmitteln, fäulnishemmenden Stoffen oder von Reaktionshelfern sind möglich.
Die Aufzählungen sind als Beispiele zu verstehen.The invention relates to a process for the production of foamed material from waste paper and the like. With any initial shape according to the preamble of claim 1. As raw materials, paper, cardboard, waste cardboard or materials with similar properties can be used, either according to type or as a raw material mixture. The invention should preferably make a contribution to environmental protection through the recovery and processing of secondary raw materials, which are available to a considerable extent.
Various end products can be produced by the method according to the invention, in particular structural elements for heat and impact sound insulation, as well as those for vibration and shock absorption, furthermore roof covering or wall cladding panels, composite panels, other shaped bodies for use as filler material for insulation and packaging purposes. Special treatments are possible by adding, for example, hydrophobicizing agents, flame retardants, putrefactive substances or reaction aids.
The lists are to be understood as examples.
Die Analyse des Standes der Technik hat ergeben, daß bereits mehrere Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Produkte bekannt und einige offensichtlich auch in Benutzung sind. Auch entsprechende Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung dieser Verfahren sowie das Endprodukt selbst findet sich im dokumentierten Stand der Technik wieder. Hierzu wird auf die nachfolgend aufgelisteten Dokumente verwiesen:
DE 31 14 527, DE 33 07 736, DE 34 20 195, DE 34 44 264, DE 35 10 214, DE 35 22 395, DE 36 24 164, DE 36 41 464, DE 37 04 309, DE 37 18 545, DE 39 00 289, DE 40 25 694, DE 41 35 069, DE 92 00 066, DE 92 16 620, DE 93 03 498.
Ein wesentlicher bekannter Verfahrensschritt ist die Herstellung eines flüssigen, vzw. wässrigen Breis aus den genannten Rohstoffen, im folgenden Beschreibungstext mit Papierbrei bezeichnet, einschließlich Zerkleinerung und Mischung der Komponenten.The analysis of the prior art has shown that several processes for the production of such products are already known and some are obviously also in use. Corresponding devices for carrying out these processes and the end product itself can also be found in the documented prior art. Please refer to the documents listed below:
DE 31 14 527, DE 33 07 736, DE 34 20 195, DE 34 44 264, DE 35 10 214, DE 35 22 395, DE 36 24 164, DE 36 41 464, DE 37 04 309, DE 37 18 545, DE 39 00 289, DE 40 25 694, DE 41 35 069, DE 92 00 066, DE 92 16 620, DE 93 03 498.
An essential known process step is the production of a liquid, vzw. aqueous pulp from the raw materials mentioned, hereinafter referred to as paper pulp, including comminution and mixing of the components.
Diese vorbereitenden Maßnahmen sind nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung, vielmehr wird darauf zurückgegriffen.
Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Wärmebehandlung des zur Verfügung stehenden Papierbreis.These preparatory measures are not the subject of the invention, but are used instead.
The heat treatment of the available pulp is of particular importance.
Die bekannten technischen Lösungen zur Wärmebehandlung des Papierbreis greifen ausnahmslos auf konventionelle Verfahren, Vorrichtungen bzw. Anlagen zurück.
Unter konventionell wird verstanden:
- Die Expansion der Masse wird durch Wärmeeintrag bei Temperaturen von 120 - 140°C erreicht,
- Wärmebehandlung bei Temperaturen über 200°C bei Wasserdampfsättigung in einem Autoklaven,
- Thermische und mechanische Energieeinleitung im Extruder; Beim Verlassen des Extruders schäumt die Masse infolge Temperatur- und Druckabfall auf,
- Erwärmung unter Druckanwendung allgemein,
- Behandlung mit Heißluft und Dampf
Conventional means:
- The expansion of the mass is achieved through heat input at temperatures of 120 - 140 ° C,
- Heat treatment at temperatures above 200 ° C with steam saturation in an autoclave,
- Thermal and mechanical energy input in the extruder; When leaving the extruder, the mass foams due to a drop in temperature and pressure,
- General warming under pressure,
- Treatment with hot air and steam
Diese Verfahren sind sämtlich durch hohen Energiebedarf gekennzeichnet, der oftmals mit einem erheblichen apparativen Aufwand einhergeht, der wiederum aus der hohen Zahl von Verfahrensschritten resultiert. Sie arbeiten überwiegend diskontinuierlich, weil die benötigten hohen Energiemengen nicht innerhalb kürzester Zeit eintragbar sind. Die Flüssigkeitsverdampfung ist durch eine gewisse Zeitverzögerung und Trägheit charakterisiert. Daher ist die Leistungsfähigkeit nur für eine begrenzte Anzahl von Anwendungsfällen ausreichend.These processes are all characterized by a high energy requirement, which often involves considerable outlay on equipment, which in turn results from the high number of process steps. They mostly work discontinuously because the high amounts of energy required cannot be entered within a very short time. Liquid evaporation is characterized by a certain time delay and inertia. Therefore, the performance is only sufficient for a limited number of applications.
Die Nachbehandlung und etwaige Sonderbehandlungen sind, ebenso wie die Herstellung des Papierbreis, nicht Gegenstand des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Hier wird auf bewährte Mittel und Methoden zurückgegriffen.The aftertreatment and any special treatments, like the production of the pulp, are not the subject of the process according to the invention. Proven means and methods are used here.
Somit war die Aufgabe zu lösen, die bekannten Verfahren zeitlich zu verkürzen, was letztlich die Voraussetzung dafür ist, daß der Prozeß auch kontinuierlich durchführbar ist, daß der apparative Aufwand und Wärmeverluste reduziert werden können.Thus, the task to be solved was to shorten the known methods in time, which is ultimately the prerequisite for the process to be able to be carried out continuously, for the expenditure on equipment and heat losses to be reduced.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Weitere Merkmale des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. Further features of the method according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Bekanntermaßen schäumt ein mit Flüssigkeit versetzter Papierbrei bei der Behandlung mit Wärmeenergie dann auf, wenn die Flüssigkeit zu verdampfen beginnt. Durch Zusätze kann dieser Effekt noch verstärkt werden.
Dieser Vorgang ist darin begründet, daß der Übergang der Flüssigkeit in die gasförmige Phase mit einer beachtlichen Volumenvergrößerung verbunden ist. Der aus dem Papierbrei abströmende Dampf schafft sich die notwendigen Strömungswege. Die infolge des Flüssigkeitsentzuges einsetzende Verfestigung des Papierbreis bewirkt, daß die Strömungswege als Hohlräume erhalten bleiben.
Hier setzt die erfindungsgemäße Lösung an.As is known, a liquid slurry containing paper foams when treated with thermal energy when the liquid begins to evaporate. This effect can be intensified by additives.
This process is due to the fact that the transition of the liquid to the gaseous phase is associated with a considerable increase in volume. The steam flowing out of the pulp creates the necessary flow paths. The solidification of the pulp which begins as a result of the removal of liquid causes the flow paths to be preserved as cavities.
This is where the solution according to the invention comes in.
Es wird vorgeschlagen, den Papierbrei anstelle der konventionellen Wärmebehandlung einer Mikrowellenstrahlung auszusetzen, die vorzugsweise im Bereich von 915 MHz und 2,45 GHz liegt.
Die Vorteile dieser Methode des Energieeintrages liegen darin begründet, daß mit Mikrowellen, im Unterschied zu Wärmestrahlen, sehr hohe Energiedichten realisierbar sind und die Energie nicht von der Oberfläche aus auf den Papierbrei einwirkt, sondern in diesen eindringt und die Flüssigkeit direkt erhitzt und zum Verdampfen bringt. Bei entsprechender Energiedichte vollzieht sich der Prozeß so heftig, daß der entstehende Dampf durch die Schaffung von Wegen für seine Abströmung aus dem Volumen des durchstrahlten Papierbreis zu einem Aufblähen der Masse führt und diese in einen porösen Zustand versetzt.It is proposed to expose the pulp to microwave radiation, which is preferably in the range of 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz, instead of the conventional heat treatment.
The advantages of this method of energy input lie in the fact that, in contrast to heat rays, very high energy densities can be achieved with microwaves and the energy does not act on the paper pulp from the surface, but penetrates into it and heats the liquid directly and evaporates it . With a corresponding energy density, the process takes place so violently that the steam produced, through the creation of paths for its outflow from the volume of the paper pulp irradiated, causes the mass to expand and puts it in a porous state.
Da dieser Vorgang infolge des Flüssigkeitsentzuges gleichzeitig ein Trocknungsprozeß ist, setzt während der Volumenvergrößerung des Papierbreis eine Materialverfestigung ein, die die im Papierbrei erzeugten Hohlräume stabilisiert. Der Prozeß kann durch schaumbildende und stabilisierende Zusätze unterstützt werden.Since this process is a drying process as a result of the removal of liquid, a material consolidation sets in during the volume increase of the pulp, which stabilizes the voids created in the pulp. The process can be supported by foam-forming and stabilizing additives.
Der beschriebene Vorgang ist auf folgende physikalische Effekte zurückzuführen, deren technische Umsetzung Gegenstand der Erfindung ist.
Mikrowellenstrahlung ist in der Lage, Materialien mit entsprechender Dielektrizitätskonstante, beispielsweise Glas oder Papier, ohne Energieverlust zu durchdringen. Andere Materialien absorbieren Mikrowellenstrahlung, d.h. sie übernehmen die Energie der Mikrowellen. Dieser Vorgang wird auch als Ankoppeln an die Mikrowellen bezeichnet. Dies geschieht im molekularen Bereich und äußert sich in einer Erwärmung des ankoppelnden Materials. Zu diesem Material gehört beispielsweise Wasser im flüssigen Zustand. In einem wasserhaltigen Papierbrei wird die durch die Mikrowellen bereitgestellte Energie demnach direkt und nur an die Wassermoleküle übertragen. Die Wärme entsteht im durchstrahlten Volumen, also im Inneren des Körpers, durch Dissipation und muß nicht, wie bei einem Wärmetransport mit einer Temperaturdifferenz als Triebkraft, von außen nach innen übertragen werden. Deshalb erwärmt sich ein Körper unter Mikrowellenbestrahlung im gesamten durchstrahlten Volumen gleichmäßig. Infolge von Wärmeverlusten an der Körperoberfläche kann die volumenspezifisch gespeicherte Wärmemenge im Körperinneren sogar größer als in der Nähe seiner Oberfläche sein. Bei entsprechender Energiedichte, die zum Verdampfen von Wasser führt, entsteht im Inneren des durchstrahlten Körpervolumens ein Überdruck, der zum Abströmen des Wasserdampes in Richtung Körperoberfläche führt.The process described is due to the following physical effects, the technical implementation of which is the subject of the invention.
Microwave radiation is able to penetrate materials with a corresponding dielectric constant, for example glass or paper, without loss of energy. Other materials absorb microwave radiation, ie they take over the energy of the microwaves. This process is also referred to as coupling to the microwaves. This happens in the molecular area and manifests itself in a warming of the coupling material. This material includes, for example, water in the liquid state. In a water-containing paper pulp, the energy provided by the microwaves is therefore transferred directly and only to the water molecules. The heat is generated in the irradiated volume, i.e. inside the body, through dissipation and does not have to be transferred from the outside to the inside, as is the case with heat transport with a temperature difference as the driving force. Therefore, a body heats up evenly in the entire irradiated volume under microwave radiation. As a result of heat loss on the body surface, the volume-specific amount of heat stored inside the body can even be larger than in the vicinity of its surface. With a corresponding energy density, which leads to the evaporation of water, an overpressure arises in the interior of the irradiated body volume, which leads to the water vapor flowing out towards the body surface.
Ist der bestrahlte Körper nicht formstabil, wie bei dem betrachteten Papierbrei, dann werden durch den abströmenden Dampf im Körper Strömungswege in Form von Hohlräumen geschaffen. Der Körper nimmt eine poröse Struktur an.
Er lockert beträchtlich auf. Sein Volumen vergrößert sich. Da in diesem Stadium gleichzeitig der Härtungsprozeß infolge Trocknung des Materials einsetzt, bleibt diese voluminöse und poröse Struktur erhalten.
Bestimmte Zusätze, wie Bindemittel oder Schaumbildner unterstützen diesen Prozeß.
Verfahrenstechnisch bedeutet das eine erhebliche Vereinfachung der Nachbehandlung. Gegenenenfalls werden Verfahrensschritte eingespart.If the irradiated body is not dimensionally stable, as is the case with the paper pulp under consideration, then the steam flowing out in the body creates flow paths in the form of cavities. The body takes on a porous structure.
It loosens up considerably. Its volume increases. Since the hardening process due to drying of the material begins at the same time, this voluminous and porous structure is retained.
Certain additives such as binders or foaming agents support this process.
In terms of process technology, this means a considerable simplification of the aftertreatment. Otherwise, procedural steps are saved.
Eine technische Lösung für die Durchführung dieses Verfahrens zur Herstellung von geschäumtem Material, insbesondere Formkörpern, hängt von der Zielstellung der Produktion ab und kann sowohl diskontinuierlich als auch kontinuierlich betrieben werden.
Apparativ ist zu garantieren, daß unter Berücksichtigung der Volumenvergrößerung des Papierbreis eine weitgehend ungehinderte Bestrahlung mit Mikrowellen möglich ist und gleichzeitig der Wasserdampf ungehemmt aus der Form abströmen kann.A technical solution for the implementation of this process for the production of foamed material, in particular moldings, depends on the objective of the production and can be operated batchwise or continuously.
In terms of apparatus, it must be guaranteed that, taking into account the increase in volume of the pulp, a largely unimpeded irradiation with microwaves is possible and at the same time the water vapor can flow out of the mold uninhibited.
Claims (6)
- A method of producing foamed material from waste paper and similar materials with any shape, whereby the said raw materials are used in preparatory steps to produce a pulp to which a liquid, preferably water, is added and which can be provided with the characteristics desired for the final product by means of additives, characterized in that the pulp is foamed and solidified with microwaves.
- A method of producing foamed material as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that a quantity of the pulp containing liquid, hereafter referred to as paper pulp, is placed in a mold and then subjected to microwaves, whereby the area of the mold contacted by the microwaves is made of material which is permeable to microwaves and which does not couple to the microwaves, and whereby expansion of the paper pulp and evaporation of the liquid through the mold is not hindered.
- A method of producing foamed material as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the steam produced as a result of the infusion of energy is withdrawn, subjected to a condensation process and used again for preparation of the paper pulp.
- A method of producing foamed material as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the process of foaming and shaping the paper pulp is continuous or discontinuous depending on the shape of the mold.
- A method of producing foamed material as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the foaming and shaping process is followed by one or more subsequent treatment steps performed inside or outside the mold which preferably have the functions of subsequent hardening, final drying, treating the surface or formulation.
- A method of producing foamed material as claimed in the claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the warmth produced in the magnetrons is used for subsequent treatment steps involving thermal energy.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4404322A DE4404322A1 (en) | 1994-02-11 | 1994-02-11 | Process for the production of foamed material from waste paper and the like the like |
| DE4404322 | 1994-02-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0671504A1 EP0671504A1 (en) | 1995-09-13 |
| EP0671504B1 true EP0671504B1 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
Family
ID=6510008
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95101694A Expired - Lifetime EP0671504B1 (en) | 1994-02-11 | 1995-02-07 | Process for making a foamed material from waste paper and similar material |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0671504B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE156541T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2142222C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4404322A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0671504T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI105280B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO307191B1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11255051B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2022-02-22 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous sheet with improved properties |
| US11313061B2 (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2022-04-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens |
| US11591755B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2023-02-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Paper tissue with high bulk and low lint |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5707579A (en) * | 1994-02-11 | 1998-01-13 | Schweitzer, Vodermair & Schimmer-Wottrich Gbr | Process for producing foamed material from waste paper and the like |
| DE19546295A1 (en) * | 1995-12-12 | 1997-06-19 | Schweitzer Jacob | Prodn. of cellulose-based foam prods. with defined properties |
| DE19546296A1 (en) * | 1995-05-02 | 1996-11-07 | Schweitzer Jacob | Prodn. of cellulose-based foam prods. with defined properties |
| EP0740990A3 (en) * | 1995-05-02 | 1997-05-28 | Schweitzer Jacob | Process for defining the various properties of cellulose containing foams |
| KR100232121B1 (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 1999-12-01 | 허방욱 | A new manufacturing method of adiabatic material |
| DE10312758A1 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2004-09-30 | Saueressig Gmbh & Co. | Manufacturing process for absorbent fiber product and absorbent fiber product |
| CA2532346A1 (en) * | 2003-07-16 | 2005-01-27 | Fira International Limited | Recycling of lignocellulose based board materials |
| GB201612889D0 (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-09-07 | Natural Resources (2000) Ltd | Moulding of articles |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR873763A (en) * | 1939-09-20 | 1942-07-20 | New fibrous product and manufacturing process | |
| DE3420195A1 (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1985-12-12 | Friedrich 2807 Achim Priehs | Process for producing insulating material from scrap paper and/or cardboard |
| DE4105245C1 (en) * | 1991-02-20 | 1992-10-22 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co, 3559 Allendorf, De | Rapidly drying moulded bodies - formed by suction on fibrous sludge, placed in enclosed zone at low-pressure |
| DE4207233A1 (en) * | 1992-03-07 | 1993-11-18 | Geier Henninger Kurt | Prodn. of porous filter body for exhaust gas - by saturating paper and/or cardboard material with water, stirring and drying or hardening obtd. foamed pulp |
-
1994
- 1994-02-11 DE DE4404322A patent/DE4404322A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-02-07 EP EP95101694A patent/EP0671504B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-07 DK DK95101694.8T patent/DK0671504T3/en active
- 1995-02-07 AT AT95101694T patent/ATE156541T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-02-07 DE DE59500454T patent/DE59500454D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-10 CA CA002142222A patent/CA2142222C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-10 FI FI950589A patent/FI105280B/en active
- 1995-02-10 NO NO950510A patent/NO307191B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11591755B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2023-02-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Paper tissue with high bulk and low lint |
| US11255051B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2022-02-22 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous sheet with improved properties |
| US12043963B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2024-07-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous sheet with improved properties |
| US11313061B2 (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2022-04-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens |
| US11788221B2 (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2023-10-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens |
| US12116706B2 (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2024-10-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE156541T1 (en) | 1997-08-15 |
| DK0671504T3 (en) | 1998-03-02 |
| FI950589A0 (en) | 1995-02-10 |
| FI950589A (en) | 1995-08-12 |
| CA2142222C (en) | 2000-11-07 |
| NO950510L (en) | 1995-08-14 |
| EP0671504A1 (en) | 1995-09-13 |
| NO307191B1 (en) | 2000-02-21 |
| DE59500454D1 (en) | 1997-09-11 |
| DE4404322A1 (en) | 1995-08-17 |
| FI105280B (en) | 2000-07-14 |
| NO950510D0 (en) | 1995-02-10 |
| CA2142222A1 (en) | 1995-08-12 |
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