EP0671216A2 - Spray nozzle for generating a double conical spray - Google Patents

Spray nozzle for generating a double conical spray Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0671216A2
EP0671216A2 EP94119899A EP94119899A EP0671216A2 EP 0671216 A2 EP0671216 A2 EP 0671216A2 EP 94119899 A EP94119899 A EP 94119899A EP 94119899 A EP94119899 A EP 94119899A EP 0671216 A2 EP0671216 A2 EP 0671216A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
flow
swirl
mixing chamber
spray nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94119899A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0671216A3 (en
EP0671216B1 (en
Inventor
Ulf Schremmer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Total Walther GmbH Feuerschutz und Sicherheit
Original Assignee
Total Walther Feuerschutz GmbH
Total Feuerschutz GmbH
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Publication of EP0671216A2 publication Critical patent/EP0671216A2/en
Publication of EP0671216A3 publication Critical patent/EP0671216A3/en
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Publication of EP0671216B1 publication Critical patent/EP0671216B1/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3489Nozzles having concentric outlets
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A62C31/05Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing with two or more outlets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3442Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a cone having the same axis as the outlet
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/06Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
    • B05B7/061Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with several liquid outlets discharging one or several liquids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/10Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge producing a swirling discharge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spray nozzle for generating spray mists in the low-pressure process, in particular for firefighting with stationary water mist fire extinguishing systems, the spray nozzle installed radially in a pipe of the fire extinguishing system consisting of a housing with a flow body built therein, forming a swirl mixing chamber, which is on its surface or has several helical swirl grooves with an axial inlet opening, the swirl grooves forming swirl channels with the housing, which end in a swirl mixing chamber formed by the housing and the flow body, and in that the flow body ends with a peg in front of the cylindrical nozzle opening.
  • Such nozzles are used for spraying liquids, with the aim being a uniform spray pattern with regard to the liquid distribution, in particular in fire extinguishing systems.
  • a nozzle is described in the patent specification DD 116 398, which consists of a hollow nozzle body and a nozzle insert with an external swirl groove. These nozzles essentially spray an annulus. The area inside the annulus is sprayed only slightly. This means that when the water flow is released from the nozzle, a hollow cone is formed by the formation of internal vortices in the spray cone.
  • Another disadvantage with the older spray nozzle is seen in the fact that the swirl channels provided tend to clog and, in addition, the swirl body causes high processing times during manufacture.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a spray nozzle with which the disadvantages of the older spray nozzles are avoided and with which a spray cone is produced as a full cone with a more intensive internal vortex formation.
  • the flow body is seated in a flow housing supported by a jacket housing, which has a cylindrical tube with the cylindrical nozzle opening at the lower end, that the flow housing together with the jacket housing has an outer swirl mixing chamber and one at a distance from the lower end of the tube lying annular gap, and that the casing is provided with one or more tangentially and radially inclined bores which end in the outer swirl mixing chamber.
  • This spray nozzle creates an inner spray cone with coarser water drops and an outer spray cone with fine water drops.
  • the water flow flowing through the inner swirl mixing chamber emerges from the nozzle opening over a short distance as a bundled, twisted and pressure-increased inner jet.
  • the resulting outer spray cone is extremely stable from the operating pressure, even if the upstream pressure, ie the pressure in the pipeline, fluctuates.
  • the spray angle of the emerging spray mist can be between 60 ° and 140 ° for the outer and 60 ° to 90 ° for the inner spray cone due to a corresponding flow body and nozzle outlet geometry. Details of this are given in the description of the drawing.
  • the outer, higher set annular gap and the inner cylindrical nozzle opening cause an intensive mixing of the two spray cones to a full cone.
  • the nozzle outlets of both nozzles are matched to one another in such a way that the outer spray cone penetrates the inner spray cone at an angle in the initial area and thus accelerates the inner spray cone.
  • the flow rates of the two water flows are coordinated so that they are both the same. This results in a partial mixing of the two swarms of drops.
  • the result of this is that the hollow cone typical of swirl nozzles is avoided when the water emerges from the nozzle through the outer, finer spray cone. Mixing the swarms of drops from both spray cones results in a larger throw and better penetration of the total spray jets.
  • the containment and penetration effect is improved.
  • the nozzle is particularly suitable for fire fighting, with particularly intensively burning fuels in the fire cooling phase.
  • the spray nozzle 1 which is inserted radially in a pipeline 2, consists of an inner flow housing 6 and a jacket housing 11 surrounding it.
  • a flow body 3 is inserted into the flow housing 6, which consists of an upper cylindrical part 23, a conical middle part 16 and a lower cylindrical pin 9 there.
  • the cylindrical part 23 is embedded in an inner bore 24 of the flow housing 6.
  • the surface of the conical middle part 16 is with provided several helical swirl grooves 4 which are connected to axial inlet openings 5 in the cylindrical part 23.
  • the flow housing 6 is formed in the region of the central part 16 as a conical bore 17, and both parts 6, 17 are designed such that they sit in one another almost without a gap. This configuration forms swirl channels 7 which end in an inner swirl mixing chamber 8.
  • the jacket housing 11 surrounding the flow housing 6 is designed in such a way that an outer swirl mixing chamber 13 is formed which merges into an annular gap 14 via a tapering section.
  • the annular gap 14 is located in the region of a cylindrical tube 12 of the flow housing 6 and is arranged above the lower end of the tube 12.
  • the casing 11 is provided with a plurality of radially and tangentially inclined bores 15 which end in the outer swirl mixing chamber 13.
  • the jacket housing 11 is surrounded by a protective housing 20 which, together with the jacket housing 11, forms an annular space 21 from which the bores 15 extend.
  • the protective housing 20 with the annular space 21 is also an advantageous embodiment for manufacturing reasons.
  • the protective housing 20 is pulled down so far with its lower end 22 that it forms a protection for the cylindrical tube 12 of the flow housing 6.
  • the water to be atomized is led through two separate waterways.
  • One way goes through the inlet openings 5 and the swirl channels 7 to the cylindrical nozzle opening 10 and forms an inner spray cone there.
  • the second water path passes through the annular space 21 and the bores 15 to the slightly higher annular gap 14, from which the water emerges as an outer spray cone.
  • the incoming flow is stabilized and accelerated via the swirl channels 7 and the inner swirl mixing chamber 8.
  • the flowing water stream emerges from the cylindrical nozzle opening 10 as a bundled, twisted and pressure-increased internal jet with coarser water droplets.
  • the swirl channels 7 run helically at an angle of 30 ° to 60 °. In contrast to the previously known spray mist nozzles, this construction further accelerates the water flow in the swirl channels.
  • the swirl channels also cause the bundles of drops to be severely torn open, which leads to rupture of the tropical surface. This results in an increased throw distance and penetrability of the spray jet with a full cone at the source of the fire.
  • the swirl channels 7 run out in the inner swirl mixing chamber 8, which leads to swirling and thus to further surface bursting of the water flow.
  • the pin 9 provides the water flow in the inner swirl mixing chamber 8 with stabilization and concentration before it leaves the spray nozzle through the nozzle opening 10.
  • the inner spray cone produced in this way is characterized by a somewhat coarser drop spectrum.
  • the drops in the inner spray cone serve as a carrier medium for the finer drops in the outer spray cone.
  • the annular gap 14 formed by the cylindrical tube 12 and the jacket housing 11 brings about additional stabilization and bundling of the outer spray cone emerging from the annular gap 14 in the outer swirl mixing chamber 13.
  • a vortex zone forms within the spray cone edge, which ensures particularly good mixing with the inner spray cone.
  • the invention provides that the ratio the cross section of the swirl channels 7 to the largest ring cross section of the inner swirl mixing chamber 8 is in a range from 1: 2 to 1: 5 and that the ratio of the cross section of the bores 15 to the largest ring cross section of the outer swirl mixing chamber 13 is in a range from 1: 2 to 1: 10 lies.
  • the inner spray cone is released as a full cone by the special design of the inner swirl mixing chamber with the cylindrical pin 9 of the flow body 3 and the cylindrical nozzle opening 10 arranged underneath, which has no instabilities.
  • the liquid film should be further rubbed. This can be done by roughening the water-carrying surfaces in the outer 13 and in the inner swirl mixing chamber 8 and the inner surface of the flow body 3 in the region of the swirl channels 7. Roughening can be carried out in the usual way.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The radial spray nozzle is built into a pipe conduit of the fire-fighting unit comprises a housing in which is formed a torsion mixt. chamber constituting a flow body. The flow body (3) is located in a flow housing (6) supported by a cover housing (11), which at the lower end has a cylindrical tube (12) with a cylindrical nozzle aperture (10). The flow housing in common with the cover housing forms an outer torsion mixt. chamber (13) and an annular gap (14) at a distance from the lower end of the tube (12). The cover housing is provided with one or more tangential and radially inclined holes (15) which end in the outer torsion mixt. chamber.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sprühdüse zur Erzeugung von Sprühnebeln im Niederdruckverfahren, insbesondere für die Brandbekämpfung mit stationären Wassernebel-Feuerlöschanlagen, wobei die radial in einer Rohrleitung der Feuerlöschanlage eingebaute Sprühdüse aus einem Gehäuse mit einem darin eingebauten eine Drallmischkammer bildenden Strömungskörper besteht, der auf seiner Oberfläche ein oder mehrere wendelförmige Drallnuten mit axialer Eintrittsöffnung aufweist, wobei die Drallnuten mit dem Gehäuse Drallkanäle bilden, die in einer vom Gehäuse und dem Strömungskörper gebildeten Drallmischkammer enden und daß der Strömungskörper mit einem Zapfen vor der zylindrischen Düsenöffnung endet.The invention relates to a spray nozzle for generating spray mists in the low-pressure process, in particular for firefighting with stationary water mist fire extinguishing systems, the spray nozzle installed radially in a pipe of the fire extinguishing system consisting of a housing with a flow body built therein, forming a swirl mixing chamber, which is on its surface or has several helical swirl grooves with an axial inlet opening, the swirl grooves forming swirl channels with the housing, which end in a swirl mixing chamber formed by the housing and the flow body, and in that the flow body ends with a peg in front of the cylindrical nozzle opening.

Derartige Düsen werden zum Versprühen von Flüssigkeiten verwendet, wobei bezüglich der Flüssigkeitsverteilung ein gleichmäßiges Sprühbild, insbesondere in Feuerlöschanlagen angestrebt wird. In der Patentschrift DD 116 398 wird eine solche Düse beschrieben, die aus einem Düsenhohlkörper und einem Düseneinsatz mit äußerer Drallnut besteht. Diese Düsen besprühen im wesentlichen einen Kreisring. Die Fläche innerhalb des Kreisringes wird nur gering besprüht. D.h., daß sich bei Freisetzung des Wasserstromes aus der Düse durch die Ausbildung von Innenwirbeln im Sprühkegel ein Hohlkegel einstellt. Ein weiterer Nachteil bei der älteren Sprühdüse wird darin gesehen, daß die vorgesehenen Drallkanäle zur Verstopfung neigen und außerdem der Drallkörper bei der Herstellung hohe Bearbeitungszeiten verursacht.Such nozzles are used for spraying liquids, with the aim being a uniform spray pattern with regard to the liquid distribution, in particular in fire extinguishing systems. Such a nozzle is described in the patent specification DD 116 398, which consists of a hollow nozzle body and a nozzle insert with an external swirl groove. These nozzles essentially spray an annulus. The area inside the annulus is sprayed only slightly. This means that when the water flow is released from the nozzle, a hollow cone is formed by the formation of internal vortices in the spray cone. Another disadvantage with the older spray nozzle is seen in the fact that the swirl channels provided tend to clog and, in addition, the swirl body causes high processing times during manufacture.

Bei einer weiteren Düse nach der Patentschrift DD 211 805 werden zwei Flüssigkeitsströme beim Austritt vermischt. Der Nachteil dieser Lösung besteht in der starken Druckabhängigkeit der Anteile der Teilströme. Es wirken nur die Einzelströme ohne deren Vermischung.In a further nozzle according to the patent specification DD 211 805, two liquid flows are mixed at the outlet. The disadvantage of this solution is the strong pressure dependence of the portions of the partial flows. Only the individual flows work without mixing them.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde eine Sprühdüse zu schaffen, mit der die Nachteile der älteren Sprühdüsen vermieden werden und mit der ein Sprühkegel als Vollkegel mit einer intensiveren Innenwirbelbildung erzeugt wird.The invention has for its object to provide a spray nozzle with which the disadvantages of the older spray nozzles are avoided and with which a spray cone is produced as a full cone with a more intensive internal vortex formation.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß der Strömungskörper in einem von einem Mantelgehäuse gestützten Strömungsgehäuse sitzt, das am unteren Ende ein zylindrisches Rohr mit der zylindrischen Düsenöffnung aufweist, daß das Strömungsgehäuse gemeinsam mit dem Mantelgehäuse eine äußere Drallmischkammer und einen mit Abstand zum unteren Ende des Rohres liegenden Ringspalt bildet, und daß das Mantelgehäuse mit ein oder mehreren tangential und radial geneigten Bohrungen versehen ist, die in der äußeren Drallmischkammer enden.This object is achieved in that the flow body is seated in a flow housing supported by a jacket housing, which has a cylindrical tube with the cylindrical nozzle opening at the lower end, that the flow housing together with the jacket housing has an outer swirl mixing chamber and one at a distance from the lower end of the tube lying annular gap, and that the casing is provided with one or more tangentially and radially inclined bores which end in the outer swirl mixing chamber.

Mit dieser Sprühdüse wird ein innerer Sprühkegel mit gröberen Wassertropfen und ein äußerer Sprühkegel mit feinen Wassertropfen erzeugt. Der durch die innere Drallmischkammer fließende Wasserstrom tritt aus der Düsenöffnung über eine kurze Wegstrecke als gebündelter, gedrallter und im Druck erhöhter Innenstrahl aus.This spray nozzle creates an inner spray cone with coarser water drops and an outer spray cone with fine water drops. The water flow flowing through the inner swirl mixing chamber emerges from the nozzle opening over a short distance as a bundled, twisted and pressure-increased inner jet.

Durch das sich an den Strömungskörper anschließende zylindrische Rohr und dem Mantelgehäuse, wodurch sich der Ringspalt ausbildet, erfolgt eine zusätzliche Stabilisierung und Bündelung des an der Ringdüse austretenden äußeren Strahles. Nach dieser Strecke kommt es zur Ausbildung eines äußeren Sprühkegels, in dem sich innerhalb des Sprühkegelmantels eine Wirbelzone ausbildet. Durch die besondere Gestaltung des Düsenaustritts, der äußeren Ringspaltdüse, wird ein Feinsprühnebel freigesetzt. Der damit entstehende äußere Sprühkegel ist ab dem Betriebsdruck äußerst stabil, auch wenn der Vordruck, d.h. der Druck in der Rohrleitung, schwankt.The cylindrical tube adjoining the flow body and the jacket housing, as a result of which the annular gap is formed, provide additional stabilization and bundling of the outer jet emerging at the annular nozzle. After this distance, an outer spray cone is formed, in which a vortex zone forms within the spray cone jacket. The special design of the nozzle outlet, the outer annular gap nozzle, releases a fine spray. The resulting outer spray cone is extremely stable from the operating pressure, even if the upstream pressure, ie the pressure in the pipeline, fluctuates.

Die Sprühwinkel der austretenden Sprühnebel können durch eine entsprechende Strömungskörper- und Düsenaustrittsgeometrie zwischen 60 ° und 140 ° für den äußeren und 60 ° bis 90 ° für den inneren Sprühkegel betragen. Einzelheiten hierzu sind in der Zeichnungsbeschreibung wiedergegeben.The spray angle of the emerging spray mist can be between 60 ° and 140 ° for the outer and 60 ° to 90 ° for the inner spray cone due to a corresponding flow body and nozzle outlet geometry. Details of this are given in the description of the drawing.

Der äußere, höher gesetzte Ringspalt und die innere zylindrische Düsenöffnung bewirken eine intensive Vermischung der beiden Sprühkegel zu einem Vollkegel.The outer, higher set annular gap and the inner cylindrical nozzle opening cause an intensive mixing of the two spray cones to a full cone.

Die Düsenaustritte beider Düsen sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß der äußere Sprühkegel den inneren Sprühkegel im Anfangsbereich unter einem Winkel durchdringt und damit den inneren Sprühkegel beschleunigt. Die Durchflußraten der beiden Wasserströme sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß sie beide gleich sind. Dadurch kommt es zu einer Teilvermischung der beiden Tropfenschwärme. Dies hat zur Folge, daß der für Dralldüsen typische Hohlkegel beim Austritt des Wassers aus der Düse durch den äußeren feineren Sprühkegel vermieden wird. Die Vermischung der Tropfenschwärme beider Sprühkegel hat eine größere Wurfweite und eine bessere Durchdringungsfähigkeit der Gesamtsprühstrahlen zur Folge. Der Einhausungs- und Tiefeneindringungseffekt wird verbessert. Dadurch ist die Düse besonders geeignet für die Brandbekämpfung, bei besonders intensiv brennenden Brandstoffen in der Brandabkühlungsphase.The nozzle outlets of both nozzles are matched to one another in such a way that the outer spray cone penetrates the inner spray cone at an angle in the initial area and thus accelerates the inner spray cone. The flow rates of the two water flows are coordinated so that they are both the same. This results in a partial mixing of the two swarms of drops. The result of this is that the hollow cone typical of swirl nozzles is avoided when the water emerges from the nozzle through the outer, finer spray cone. Mixing the swarms of drops from both spray cones results in a larger throw and better penetration of the total spray jets. The containment and penetration effect is improved. As a result, the nozzle is particularly suitable for fire fighting, with particularly intensively burning fuels in the fire cooling phase.

Die erfindungsgemäße Sprühdüse für die Erzeugung eines Doppel-Sprühnebeln-Kegels durch einen Trägerstrahl weist folgende weitere Vorteile auf:

  • Der innere Sprühkegel vermeidet durch die Teilvermischung mit einem feinen äußeren Sprühkegel die Ausbildung eines Hohlkegels.
  • Der durch die innere Düsenöffnung freigesetzte Sprühstrahl dient als Trägermedium für die sich im äußeren Sprühstrahl befindlichen Feintropfen.
  • Durch die Vermischung der beiden Sprühkegel entsteht ein Tropfenschwarm, bestehend aus Grobtropfen und Feintropfen, die besonders für die Brandbekämpfung bei intensiv brennenden Brandstoffen geeignet sind.
The spray nozzle according to the invention for producing a double spray cone by means of a carrier jet has the following further advantages:
  • Due to the partial mixing with a fine outer spray cone, the inner spray cone prevents the formation of a hollow cone.
  • The spray jet released through the inner nozzle opening serves as a carrier medium for the fine drops in the outer spray jet.
  • Mixing the two spray cones creates a swarm of droplets consisting of coarse drops and fine drops that are particularly suitable for fighting fires with intensely burning fuels.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird nachfolgend näher beschrieben. Weiterhin wird die Wirkungsweise der Erfindung aufgezeigt und dabei auf weitere erfinderische Merkmale eingegangen.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. Furthermore, the mode of operation of the invention is shown and further inventive features are discussed.

Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch die Sprühdüse,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt gemäß Linie A-B in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt gemäß Linie C-D in Fig. 1.
It shows:
  • 1 shows a section through the spray nozzle,
  • 2 shows a section along line AB in FIG. 1st
  • 3 shows a section along line CD in FIG. 1.

Die Sprühdüse 1, die in einer Rohrleitung 2 radial eingesetzt ist, besteht aus einem inneren Strömungsgehäuse 6 und einem dieses umgebenden Mantelgehäuses 11. In das Strömungsgehäuse 6 ist ein Strömungskörper 3 eingesetzt, der aus einem oberen zylindrischen Teil 23, einem konischen Mittelteil 16 und einem unteren zylindrischen Zapfen 9 besteht. Der zylindrische Teil 23 ist in einer Innenbohrung 24 des Strömungsgehäuses 6 eingelassen. Die Oberfläche des konischen Mittelteils 16 ist mit mehreren wendelförmigen Drallnuten 4 versehen, die mit axialen Eintrittsöffnungen 5 im zylindrischen Teil 23 verbunden sind. Das Strömungsgehäuse 6 ist im Bereich des Mittelteiles 16 als konische Bohrung 17 ausgebildet, und beide Teile 6, 17 sind so ausgestaltet, daß sie nahezu spaltfrei ineinander sitzen. Durch diese Ausgestaltung werden Drallkanäle 7 gebildet, die in einer inneren Drallmischkammer 8 enden. Diese wird gebildet durch eine zylindrische Bohrung 18, die über eine sich verjüngende Bohrung 19 in die zylindrische Düsenöffnung 10 übergeht. Der Zapfen 9 endet im Bereich der Bohrung 19. Das das Strömungsgehäuse 6 umgebende Mantelgehäuse 11 ist derart ausgestaltet, daß sich eine äußere Drallmischkammer 13 bildet, die über ein sich verjüngendes Teilstück in einen Ringspalt 14 übergeht. Der Ringspalt 14 befindet sich im Bereich eines zylindrischen Rohres 12 des Strömungsgehäuses 6 und ist oberhalb des unteren Endes des Rohres 12 angeordnet. Fernerhin ist das Mantelgehäuse 11 mit mehreren radial und tangential geneigten Bohrungen 15 versehen, die in der äußeren Drallmischkammer 13 enden. Zur besseren Wasserzuführung ist das Mantelgehäuse 11 mit einem Schutzgehäuse 20 umgeben, das gemeinsam mit dem Mantelgehäuse 11 einen Ringraum 21 bildet, von dem die Bohrungen 15 ausgehen. Auch aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen ist das Schutzgehäuse 20 mit dem Ringraum 21 eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung. Fernerhin ist das Schutzgehäuse 20 mit seinem unteren Ende 22 so weit heruntergezogen, daß es einen Schutz für das zylindrische Rohr 12 des Strömungsgehäuses 6 bildet.The spray nozzle 1, which is inserted radially in a pipeline 2, consists of an inner flow housing 6 and a jacket housing 11 surrounding it. A flow body 3 is inserted into the flow housing 6, which consists of an upper cylindrical part 23, a conical middle part 16 and a lower cylindrical pin 9 there. The cylindrical part 23 is embedded in an inner bore 24 of the flow housing 6. The surface of the conical middle part 16 is with provided several helical swirl grooves 4 which are connected to axial inlet openings 5 in the cylindrical part 23. The flow housing 6 is formed in the region of the central part 16 as a conical bore 17, and both parts 6, 17 are designed such that they sit in one another almost without a gap. This configuration forms swirl channels 7 which end in an inner swirl mixing chamber 8. This is formed by a cylindrical bore 18 which merges into the cylindrical nozzle opening 10 via a tapered bore 19. The pin 9 ends in the region of the bore 19. The jacket housing 11 surrounding the flow housing 6 is designed in such a way that an outer swirl mixing chamber 13 is formed which merges into an annular gap 14 via a tapering section. The annular gap 14 is located in the region of a cylindrical tube 12 of the flow housing 6 and is arranged above the lower end of the tube 12. Furthermore, the casing 11 is provided with a plurality of radially and tangentially inclined bores 15 which end in the outer swirl mixing chamber 13. For better water supply, the jacket housing 11 is surrounded by a protective housing 20 which, together with the jacket housing 11, forms an annular space 21 from which the bores 15 extend. The protective housing 20 with the annular space 21 is also an advantageous embodiment for manufacturing reasons. Furthermore, the protective housing 20 is pulled down so far with its lower end 22 that it forms a protection for the cylindrical tube 12 of the flow housing 6.

Das zu vernebelnde Wasser wird über zwei getrennte Wasserwege geführt. Der eine Weg geht über die Eintrittsöffnungen 5 und die Drallkanäle 7 zur zylindrischen Düsenöffnung 10 und bildet dort einen inneren Sprühkegel. Der zweite Wasserweg gelangt über den Ringraum 21 und die Bohrungen 15 zu dem etwas höher gelegten Ringspalt 14, aus dem das Wasser als äußerer Sprühkegel austritt.The water to be atomized is led through two separate waterways. One way goes through the inlet openings 5 and the swirl channels 7 to the cylindrical nozzle opening 10 and forms an inner spray cone there. The second water path passes through the annular space 21 and the bores 15 to the slightly higher annular gap 14, from which the water emerges as an outer spray cone.

Über die Drallkanäle 7 und der inneren Drallmischkammer 8 wird die eintretende Strömung stabilisiert und beschleunigt. Aus der zylindrischen Düsenöffnung 10 tritt der fließende Wasserstrom als gebündelter, gedrallter und im Druck erhöhter Innenstrahl mit gröberen Wassertröpfchen aus. Die Drallkanäle 7 verlaufen wendelförmig unter einem Winkel von 30 ° bis 60 °. Durch diese Konstruktion wird im Gegensatz zu den bisher bekannten Sprühnebeldüsen eine weitere Beschleunigung des Wasserstromes in den Drallkanälen erreicht. Die Drallkanäle bewirken fernerhin ein starkes Aufreißen der Tropfenbündel, was zu einem Zerplatzen der Tropenoberfläche führt. Dies bewirkt eine erhöhte Wurfweite und Durchdringungsfähigkeit des Sprühnebelstrahles mit Vollkegel am Brandherd. Die Drallkanäle 7 laufen in der inneren Drallmischkammer 8 aus, was zu einer Verwirbelung und damit zu einem weiteren Oberflächenzerplatzen des Wasserstromes führt. Durch den Zapfen 9 erhält der Wasserstrom in der inneren Drallmischkammer 8 eine Stabilisierung und Bündelung, bevor er die Sprühdüse durch die Düsenöffnung 10 verläßt. Der so erzeugte innere Sprühkegel ist durch ein etwas gröberes Tropfenspektrum gekennzeichnet. Die Tropfen des inneren Sprühkegels dienen als Trägermedium für die sich im äußeren Sprühkegel befindlichen feineren Tropfen.The incoming flow is stabilized and accelerated via the swirl channels 7 and the inner swirl mixing chamber 8. The flowing water stream emerges from the cylindrical nozzle opening 10 as a bundled, twisted and pressure-increased internal jet with coarser water droplets. The swirl channels 7 run helically at an angle of 30 ° to 60 °. In contrast to the previously known spray mist nozzles, this construction further accelerates the water flow in the swirl channels. The swirl channels also cause the bundles of drops to be severely torn open, which leads to rupture of the tropical surface. This results in an increased throw distance and penetrability of the spray jet with a full cone at the source of the fire. The swirl channels 7 run out in the inner swirl mixing chamber 8, which leads to swirling and thus to further surface bursting of the water flow. The pin 9 provides the water flow in the inner swirl mixing chamber 8 with stabilization and concentration before it leaves the spray nozzle through the nozzle opening 10. The inner spray cone produced in this way is characterized by a somewhat coarser drop spectrum. The drops in the inner spray cone serve as a carrier medium for the finer drops in the outer spray cone.

Der durch das zylindrische Rohr 12 und dem Mantelgehäuse 11 gebildeten Ringspalt 14 bewirkt in der äußeren Drallmischkammer 13 eine zusätzliche Stabilisierung und Bündelung des aus dem Ringspalt 14 austretenden äußeren Sprühkegels. Innerhalb dieses äußeren Sprühkegels bildet sich innerhalb des Sprühkegelmantes eine Wirbelzone aus, die zu einer besonders guten Vermischung mit dem inneren Sprühkegel sorgt.The annular gap 14 formed by the cylindrical tube 12 and the jacket housing 11 brings about additional stabilization and bundling of the outer spray cone emerging from the annular gap 14 in the outer swirl mixing chamber 13. Within this outer spray cone, a vortex zone forms within the spray cone edge, which ensures particularly good mixing with the inner spray cone.

Damit sich gleichmäßige, stabile und aus feinen bzw. aus gröberen Wassertropfen bestehende Sprühnebel ausbilden, ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß das Verhältnis des Querschnittes der Drallkanäle 7 zum größten Ringquerschnitt der inneren Drallmischkammer 8 in einem Bereich von 1 : 2 bis 1 : 5 liegt und daß das Verhältnis des Querschnittes der Bohrungen 15 zum größten Ringquerschnitt der äußeren Drallmischkammer 13 in einem Bereich von 1 : 2 bis 1 : 10 liegt. Der innere Sprühkegel wird durch die besondere Ausgestaltung der inneren Drallmischkammer mit dem zylinderförmigen Zapfen 9 des Strömungskörpers 3 und der darunter angeordneten zylindrischen Düsenöffnung 10 als Vollkegel freigesetzt, der keine Instabilitäten aufweist.So that uniform, stable spray consisting of fine or coarser drops of water form, the invention provides that the ratio the cross section of the swirl channels 7 to the largest ring cross section of the inner swirl mixing chamber 8 is in a range from 1: 2 to 1: 5 and that the ratio of the cross section of the bores 15 to the largest ring cross section of the outer swirl mixing chamber 13 is in a range from 1: 2 to 1: 10 lies. The inner spray cone is released as a full cone by the special design of the inner swirl mixing chamber with the cylindrical pin 9 of the flow body 3 and the cylindrical nozzle opening 10 arranged underneath, which has no instabilities.

Aufgrund der Einfachheit des Wirkprinzipes am Strömungseintritt (Bohrungen 15) zum äußeren Ringspalt 14, können größere tangentiale Bohrungen 15 bei niedrigster Durchflußrate zur Anwendung gebracht werden, weshalb eine Verstopfung der äußeren Ringspaltdüse erheblich minimiert wird.Due to the simplicity of the operating principle at the flow inlet (holes 15) to the outer annular gap 14, larger tangential holes 15 can be used at the lowest flow rate, which is why a blockage of the outer annular gap nozzle is considerably minimized.

Um eine noch bessere Vernebelung des Wassers zu erreichen, soll der Flüssigkeitsfilm weiter zerrieben werden. Dies kann dadurch erfolgen, daß die wasserführenden Oberflächen in der äußeren 13 und in der inneren Drallmischkammer 8 sowie die innere Fläche des Strömungskörpers 3 im Bereich der Drallkanäle 7 aufgerauht sind. Eine Aufrauhung kann in üblicher Weise vorgenommen werden.In order to achieve an even better atomization of the water, the liquid film should be further rubbed. This can be done by roughening the water-carrying surfaces in the outer 13 and in the inner swirl mixing chamber 8 and the inner surface of the flow body 3 in the region of the swirl channels 7. Roughening can be carried out in the usual way.

Claims (10)

Sprühdüse zur Erzeugung von Sprühnebeln im Niederdruckverfahren, insbesondere für die Brandbekämpfung mit stationären Wassernebel-Feuerlöschanlagen, wobei die radial in einer Rohrleitung der Feuerlöschanlage eingebaute Sprühdüse aus einem Gehäuse mit einem darin eingebauten eine Drallmischkammer bildenden Strömungskörper besteht, der auf seiner Oberfläche ein oder mehrere wendelförmige Drallnuten mit axialen Eintrittsöffnungen aufweist, wobei die Drallnuten mit dem Gehäuse Drallkanäle bilden, die in einer vom Gehäuse und dem Strömungskörper gebildeten Drallmischkammer enden und daß der Strömungskörper mit einem Zapfen vor der zylindrischen Düsenöffnung endet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Strömungskörper (3) in einem von einem Mantelgehäuse (11) gestützten Strömungsgehäuse (6) sitzt, daß am unteren Ende ein zylindrisches Rohr (12) mit der zylindrischen Düsenöffnung (10) aufweist, daß das Strömungsgehäuse (6) gemeinsam mit dem Mantelgehäuse (11) eine äußere Drallmischkammer (13) und einen mit Abstand zum unteren Ende des Rohres (12) liegenden Ringspalt (14) bilden, und daß das Mantelgehäuse mit ein oder mehreren tangential und radial geneigten Bohrungen (15) versehen ist, die in der äußeren Drallmischkammer (13) enden.Spray nozzle for generating spray mist in the low-pressure process, in particular for fire fighting with stationary water mist fire extinguishing systems, the spray nozzle installed radially in a pipe of the fire extinguishing system consisting of a housing with a flow body built into it, which forms a swirl mixing chamber and has one or more helical swirl grooves on its surface having axial inlet openings, the swirl grooves forming swirl channels with the housing, which end in a swirl mixing chamber formed by the housing and the flow body and in that the flow body ends with a peg in front of the cylindrical nozzle opening, characterized in that the flow body (3) is in one of a casing (11) supported flow casing (6) is seated that has a cylindrical tube (12) with the cylindrical nozzle opening (10) at the lower end, that the flow casing (6) together with the casing (11) form an outer swirl mixing chamber (13) and an annular gap (14) at a distance from the lower end of the tube (12), and that the casing housing is provided with one or more tangentially and radially inclined bores (15) which are provided in the outer swirl mixing chamber ( 13) end. Sprühdüse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Strömungskörper (3) und das Strömungsgehäuse (6) lösbar in dem Mantelgehäuse (11) angeordnet sind.Spray nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow body (3) and the flow housing (6) are detachably arranged in the jacket housing (11). Sprühdüse nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Strömungskörper (3) mit einem konischen Mittelteil (16) nahezu spielfrei in einer konischen Bohrung (17) des Strömungsgehäuses (6) sitzt, wobei die konische Bohrung (17) mehr als die Hälfte der Länge des konischen Mittelteils (16) umfaßt und in eine eine innere Drallmischkammer (8) bildende zylindrische Bohrung (18) übergeht.Spray nozzle according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the flow body (3) with a conical middle part (16) sits almost without play in a conical bore (17) of the flow housing (6), the conical bore (17) more than that Half of the length of the conical central part (16) and passes into a cylindrical bore (18) forming an inner swirl mixing chamber (8). Sprühdüse nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich an die innere Drallmischkammer (8) eine sich im Querschnitt verjüngende Bohrung (19) anschließt, in deren Bereich das Rohr (12) des Strömungskörpers (3) angeordnet ist, und daß die Bohrung (19) mit dem kleineren Durchmesser in die zylindrische Düsenöffnung (10) übergeht.Spray nozzle according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that adjoining the inner swirl mixing chamber (8) is a bore (19) which tapers in cross-section, in the region of which the tube (12) of the flow body (3) is arranged, and in that the Bore (19) with the smaller diameter merges into the cylindrical nozzle opening (10). Sprühdüse nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mantelgehäuse (11) von einem mit der Rohrleitung (2) verbundenen Schutzgehäuse (20) umgeben ist, wobei der äußere Durchmesser des Mantelgehäuses mit dem inneren Durchmesser des Schutzgehäuses einen nach oben geöffneten Ringraum (21) bilden, von dem die tangential und radial geneigten Bohrungen (15) abgehen.Spray nozzle according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the jacket housing (11) is surrounded by a protective housing (20) connected to the pipeline (2), the outer diameter of the jacket housing with the inner diameter of the protective housing opening an annular space open upwards Form (21), from which the tangentially and radially inclined bores (15) extend. Sprühdüse nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das untere Ende (22) des Schutzgehäuses (20) das untere Ende des zylindrischen Rohres (12) des Strömungsgehäuses (6) überragt.Spray nozzle according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lower end (22) of the protective housing (20) projects beyond the lower end of the cylindrical tube (12) of the flow housing (6). Sprühdüse nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Strömungskörper (3) im oberen Teil aus einem die Eintrittsöffnungen (5) aufnehmenden zylindrischen Teil (23) besteht, das in einer zylindrischen Bohrung (24) des Strömungsgehäuses (6) eingesetzt ist.Spray nozzle according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the flow body (3) in the upper part consists of a cylindrical part (23) receiving the inlet openings (5), which is inserted in a cylindrical bore (24) of the flow housing (6) . Sprühdüse nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bohrungen (15) tangential unter einem Winkel α zwischen 15 ° und 45 ° vorzugsweise zwischen 30 ° und 40 ° und radial unter einem Winkel β zwischen 5 ° und 40 ° vorzugsweise zwischen 10 ° und 20 ° geneigt sind.Spray nozzle according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the bores (15) tangentially at an angle α between 15 ° and 45 °, preferably between 30 ° and 40 ° and radially at an angle β between 5 ° and 40 °, preferably between 10 ° and 20 ° are inclined. Sprühdüse nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis des Querschnittes der Drallkanäle (7) zum größten Ringquerschnitt der inneren Drallmischkammer (8) in einem Bereich von 1 : 2 bis 1 : 5 liegt und daß das Verhältnis des Querschnittes der Bohrungen (15) zum größten Ringquerschnitt der äußeren Drallmischkammer (13) in einem Bereich von 1 : 2 bis 1 : 10 liegt.Spray nozzle according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the ratio of the cross section of the swirl channels (7) to the largest ring cross section of the inner swirl mixing chamber (8) is in a range from 1: 2 to 1: 5 and that the ratio of the cross section of the bores (15) to the largest ring cross section of the outer swirl mixing chamber (13) is in a range from 1: 2 to 1:10. Vorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wasserführenden Oberflächen in der äußeren (13) und in der inneren Drallmischkammer (8) sowie die innere Fläche des Strömungskörpers (3) im Bereich der Drallkanäle (7) aufgerauht sind.Device according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the water-carrying surfaces in the outer (13) and in the inner swirl mixing chamber (8) as well as the inner surface of the flow body (3) are roughened in the region of the swirl channels (7).
EP94119899A 1994-03-09 1994-12-16 Spray nozzle for generating a double conical spray Expired - Lifetime EP0671216B1 (en)

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DE4407780 1994-03-09
DE4407780A DE4407780C2 (en) 1994-03-09 1994-03-09 Spray nozzle for creating a double spray cone

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EP0671216A3 EP0671216A3 (en) 1996-04-03
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AT (1) ATE190867T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4407780C2 (en)
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US9327151B2 (en) 2011-04-12 2016-05-03 Prevent Systems As Fire-fighting extinguisher nozzle; a method for fabricating such nozzle, and a method for producing a spray of fine-droplet mist
GB2500982A (en) * 2012-02-27 2013-10-09 Delavan Inc Multiple spray cone atomiser
GB2500982B (en) * 2012-02-27 2014-08-06 Delavan Inc Single circuit multiple spray cone pressure atomizers
US9180471B2 (en) 2013-02-28 2015-11-10 Lechler Gmbh Two-substance nozzle and method for spraying a liquid-gas mixture
CN111425156A (en) * 2020-05-21 2020-07-17 湖南科技大学 Spraying dust-settling drill rod and method thereof
CN114534151A (en) * 2022-01-30 2022-05-27 中原工学院 Water curtain system of thin water fog curtain shower nozzle and use this thin water fog curtain shower nozzle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI951026A0 (en) 1995-03-06
ATE190867T1 (en) 2000-04-15
DE4407780C2 (en) 1996-02-08
FI951026A (en) 1995-09-10
NO301107B1 (en) 1997-09-15
EP0671216A3 (en) 1996-04-03
FI108406B (en) 2002-01-31
EP0671216B1 (en) 2000-03-22
NO950835D0 (en) 1995-03-03
NO950835L (en) 1995-09-11
DE4407780A1 (en) 1995-10-05
DE59409233D1 (en) 2000-04-27

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