Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/046—Salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/65—Mixtures of anionic with cationic compounds
  • C11D1/652—Mixtures of anionic compounds with carboxylic amides or alkylol amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/86—Mixtures of anionic, cationic, and non-ionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/003—Colloidal solutions, e.g. gels; Thixotropic solutions or pastes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/044—Hydroxides or bases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/1213—Oxides or hydroxides, e.g. Al2O3, TiO2, CaO or Ca(OH)2
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
  • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
  • C11D1/06—Ether- or thioether carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
  • C11D1/10—Amino carboxylic acids; Imino carboxylic acids; Fatty acid condensates thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
  • C11D1/525—Carboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain two or more hydroxy groups per alkyl group, e.g. R3 being a reducing sugar rest
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/75—Amino oxides

Definitions

• the present invention relates to liquid or gel dishwashing detergent compositions containing anionic surfactant, polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, boron, silicon and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred compositions comprise boron and calcium ions.
• group III B or group IV B element containing compounds such as boric acid
• a light duty liquid detergent composition containing anionic surfactant and polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and having a pH of from about 6 to about 11, prevent pH drift and insoluble salt precipitation.
• a liquid or gel dishwashing detergent composition comprising, by weight:
• R 1 is hydrogen, C 1-4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, or mixtures thereof;
• R 2 is C 5 -C 31 hydrocarbyl; and
• Z is a polyhydroxy-hydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least three hydroxyl groups directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative thereof;
• composition has a pH in a 10% solution in water at 20oC between about 6 to about 11.
• a particularly preferred embodiment also comprises from about 0.08% to about 4% of calcium ions; and from about 0.5% to about 12% of suds booster selected from the group including, but not limited to, alkyl amine oxide, alkyldimethylbetaine, alkylamidopropylbetaine, alkylmonoethanol amide and alkyldiethanol amide.
• the liquid or gel, preferably liquid, dishwashing detergent compositions of the present invention contain a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide, an anionic surfactant, and a group III B or group IV B element.
• a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide preferably polyhydroxy fatty acid amide
• an anionic surfactant preferably an anionic surfactant
• a group III B or group IV B element preferably boric acid, calcium ions and suds booster are ingredients of the compositions herein.
• boric acid, calcium ions and suds booster are ingredients of the compositions herein.
• light duty dishwashing detergent composition refers to those compositions which are employed in manual (i.e. hand) dishwashing.
• compositions of the present invention comprise from about 3% to about 40%, preferably from about 5% to about 30%, more preferably from about 8% to about 25%, by weight of the composition, of a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide having the structural formul a:
• R 1 is H, C 1 -C 4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl, or a mixture thereof, preferably C 1 -C 4 alkyl, more preferably C 1 or C 2 alkyl, most preferably C 1 alkyl (i.e., methyl); and R 2 is a C 5 -C 31 hydrocarbyl, preferably straight-chain C 7 -C 19 alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight-chain C 9 -C 17 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably straight-chain C 11 -C 17 alkyl or alkenyl, or mixture thereof; and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof.
• Z preferably will be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction; more preferably Z is a glycityl.
• Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose.
• high dextrose corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup can be utilized as well as the individual sugars listed above. These corn syrups may yield a mix of sugar components for Z. It should be understood that it is by no means intended to exclude other suitable raw materials.
• Z preferably will be selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 -(CHOH) n -CH 2 OH, -CH(CH 2 OH)-(CHOH) n-1 -CH 2 OH, -CH 2 -(CHOH) 2 (CHOR')(CHOH)-CH 2 OH, where n is an integer from 3 to 5, inclusive, and R' is H or a cyclic or aliphatic monosaccharide, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof. Most preferred are glycityls wherein n is 4, particularly -CH 2 -(CHOH) 4 -CH 2 OH.
• R 1 can be, for example, N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, N-isopropyl, N-butyl, N-2-hydroxy ethyl, or N-2-hydroxy propyl.
• R 2 -CO-N ⁇ can be, for example, cocamide, stearamide, oleamide, lauramide, myristamide, capricamide, palmitamide, tallowamide, etc.
• Z can be 1-deoxyglucityl, 2-deoxyfructityl, 1-deoxymaltityl, 1-deoxylactityl, 1-deoxygalactityl, 1-deoxymannityl, 1-deoxymaltotriotityl, etc.
• the most preferred polyhydroxy fatty acid amide has the general formula
• R 2 is a straight chain C 11 -C 17 alkyl or alkenyl group.
• polyhydroxy fatty acid amides can be made by reacting an alkyl amine with a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction to form a corresponding N-alkyl polyhydroxyamine, and then reacting the N-alkyl polyhydroxyamine with a fatty aliphatic ester or triglyceride in a condensation/amidation step to form the N-alkyl, N-polyhydroxy fatty acid amide product.
• Processes for making compositions containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are disclosed, for example, in G.B. Patent Specification 809,060, published February 18, 1959, U.S. Patent 2,965,576, issued December 20, 1960 to E. R. Wilson, and U.S. Patent 2,703,798, Anthony M. Schwartz, issued March 8, 1955, and U.S. Patent 1,985,424, issued December 25, 1934 to Piggott, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
• N-deoxyglycityl fatty acid amides wherein the glycityl component is derived from glucose and the N-alkyl or N-hydroxy- alkyl functionality is N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, N-butyl, N-hydroxyethyl, or N-hydroxypropyl
• the product is made by reacting N-alkyl- or N-hydroxyalkyl-glucamine with a fatty ester selected from fatty methyl esters, fatty ethyl esters, and fatty triglycerides in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of alkali metal alkoxide, trilithium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, pentapotassium tripolyphosphate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium carbon
• the amount of catalyst is preferably from about 0.5 mole % to about 50 mole %, more preferably from about 2.0 mole % to about 10 mole %, on an N-alkyl or N-hydroxyalkyl-glucamine molar basis.
• the reaction is preferably carried out at from about 138oC to about 170oC for typically from about 20 to about 90 minutes.
• the reaction is also preferably carried out using from about 1 to about 10 weight % of a phase transfer agent, calculated on a weight percent basis of total reaction mixture, selected from saturated fatty alcohol polyethoxylates, alkylpolyglucosides, linear glucamide surfactant, and mixtures thereof.
• this process is carried out as follows:
• N-linear glucosyl fatty acid amide product is added to the reaction mixture, by weight of the reactants, as the phase transfer agent if the fatty ester is a triglyceride. This seeds the reaction, thereby increasing reaction rate.
• polyhydroxy "fatty acid” amide materials used herein also offer the advantages to the detergent formulator that they can be prepared wholly or primarily from natural, renewable, non-petrochemical feedstocks and are degradable. They also exhibit low toxicity to aquatic life.
• An alternate method for preparing the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides used herein is as follows.
• a reaction mixture consisting of 84.87g. fatty acid methyl ester (source: Procter & Gamble methyl ester CE1270), 75g. N-methyl-D-glucamine (source: Aldrich Chemical Company M4700-0), 1.04g. sodium methoxide (source: Aldrich Chemical Company 16,499-2), and 68.51g. methyl alcohol is used.
• the reaction vessel comprises a standard reflux set-up fitted with a drying tube, condenser and stir bar. In this procedure, the N-methyl glucamine is combined with methanol with stirring under argon and heating is begun with good mixing (stir bar; reflux).
• the ester and sodium methoxide catalyst are added. Samples are taken periodically to monitor the course of the reaction, but it is noted that the solution is completely clear by 63.5 minutes. It is judged that the reaction is, in fact, nearly complete at that point.
• the reaction mixture is maintained at reflux for 4 hours. After removal of the methanol, the recovered crude product weighs 156.16 grams. After vacuum drying and purification, an overall yield of 106.92 grams purified product is recovered. However, percentage yields are not calculated on this basis, inasmuch as regular sampling throughout the course of the reaction makes an overall percentage yield value meaningless.
• the reaction can be carried out at 80% and 90% reactant concentrations for periods up to 6 hours to yield products with extremely small by-product formation.
• the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are, by virtue of their amide bond, subject to some instability under highly basic or highly acidic conditions. While some decomposition can be tolerated, it is preferred that the final light-duty dishwashing detergent product comprise a group III B or group IV B element compound, preferably boric acid, to minimize instability at all pH's.
• the detergent formulator will recognize that it is a simple and convenient matter to use an acid which provides an anion that is otherwise useful and desirable in the finished detergent composition.
• citric acid can be used for purposes of neutralization and the resulting citrate ion (ca. 1%) be allowed to remain with a ca. 40% polyhydroxy fatty acid amide slurry and be pumped into the later manufacturing stages of the overall detergent-manufacturing process.
• the acid forms of materials such as oxydisuccinate, nitrilotriacetate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, tartrate/succinate, and the like, can be used similarly.
• the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides derived from coconut alkyl fatty acids are more soluble than their tallow alkyl (predominantly C 16 -C 18 ) counterparts. Accordingly, the C 12 -C 14 materials are somewhat easier to formulate in liquid compositions, and are more soluble in cool-water laundering baths. However, the C 16 -C 18 materials are also quite useful, especially under circumstances where warm-to-hot wash water is used. Indeed, the C 16 -C 18 materials may be better detersive surfactants than their C 12 -C 14 counterparts. Accordingly, the formulator may wish to balance ease-of-manufacture vs. performance when selecting a particular polyhydroxy fatty acid amide for use in a given formulation.
• the solubility of the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides can be increased by having points of unsaturation and/or chain branching in the fatty acid moiety.
• materials such as the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides derived from oleic acid and iso-stearic acid are more soluble than their n-alkyl counterparts.
• the solubility of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides prepared from disaccharides, trisaccharides, etc. will ordinarily be greater than the solubility of their monosaccharide-derived counterpart materials. This higher solubility can be of particular assistance when formulating liquid compositions.
• polyhydroxy fatty acid amides wherein the polyhydroxy group is derived from maltose appear to function especially well as detergents when used in combination with conventional alkyl benzene sulfonate ("LAS" ) surfactants .
• LAS alkyl benzene sulfonate
• the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides can be manufactured not only from the purified sugars, but also from hydrolyzed starches, e.g., corn starch, potato starch, or any other convenient plant-derived starch which contains the mono-, di-, etc. saccharide desired by the formulator. This is of particular importance from the economic standpoint. Thus, "high glucose” corn syrup, "high maltose” corn syrup, etc. can conveniently and economically be used. De-lignified, hydrolyzed cellulose pulp can also provide a raw material source for the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.
• polyhydroxy fatty acid amides derived from the higher saccharides such as maltose, lactose, etc.
• the more soluble polyhydroxy fatty acid amides can help solubilize their less soluble counterparts, to varying degrees.
• the formulator may elect to use a raw material comprising a high glucose corn syrup, for example, but to select a syrup which contains a modicum of maltose (e.g., 1% or more).
• the resulting mixture of polyhydroxy fatty acids will, in general, exhibit more preferred solubility properties over a broader range of temperatures and concentrations than would a "pure" glucose-derived polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.
• the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides prepared from mixed sugars can offer very substantial advantages with respect to performance and/or ease-of-formulation.
• some loss of grease removal performance may be noted at fatty acid maltamide levels above about 25% and some loss in sudsing above about 33% (said percentages being the percentage of maltamide-derived polyhydroxy fatty acid amide vs. glucose-derived polyhydroxy fatty acid amide in the mixture). This can vary somewhat, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid moiety.
• the formulator electing to use such mixtures may find it advantageous to select polyhydroxy fatty acid amide mixtures which contain ratios of monosaccharides (e.g., glucose) to di- and higher saccharides (e.g., maltose) from about 4:1 to about 99:1.
• monosaccharides e.g., glucose
• di- and higher saccharides e.g., maltose
• compositions where especially high sudsing is desired i.e. dishwashing compositions
• Liquid detergent compositions herein are preferably substantially free of a suds-suppressing amount of C 14 and higher fatty acid. Accordingly, the formulator of high sudsing compositions will desirably avoid the introduction of suds-suppressing amounts of such fatty acids into high sudsing compositions with the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide, and/or avoid the formation of C 14 and higher fatty acids on storage of the finished compositions.
• One simple means is to use C 12 ester reactants to prepare the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides herein.
• the use of amine oxide or sulfobetaine surfactants can overcome some of the negative sudsing effects caused by the fatty acids.
• group III B or group IV B element containing compounds can avoid potential precipitation problems, any fatty acids should be avoided (less than about 2.5% by weight is preferred).
• anionic optical brighteners to liquid detergents containing relatively high concentrations (e.g., 10% and greater) of anionic or polyanionic substituents such as the polycarboxylate builders may find it useful to pre-mix the brightener with water and the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide, and then to add the pre-mix to the final composition.
• compositions of the present invention comprise sufficient amounts of group III B or IV B elements to complex with the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.
• group III B or IV B elements to complex with the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.
• from about 0.001% to about 2%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 1.5%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 0.8%, by weight of the composition, of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, boron, silicon, and mixtures thereof are added to the compositions of the present invention.
• compositions of the present invention comprise boron, the elements are added to the composition as a compound selected from the group consisting of boric acid, boron trihalides such as boron trichloride, alkali metal borates such as NaBO 2 (e.g.
• borax Na 2 B 4 O 7 with 5 or 10 H 2 O
• suitable element containing compounds are selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, aluminum trichloride, silicic acid, silicon tetrachloride and mixtures thereof.
• the levels of element containing compounds added to the composition comprise from about 0.006% to about 12%, preferably from about 0.6% to about 9%, most preferably from about 0.6% to about 5%, by weight of the composition.
• a Group III B or IV B elements such as boron
• boron can be sandwiched between two molecules of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.
• This tetradente “sandwich” structure can be rigid, be less prone to hydrolysis and have a pKa of about 6 to about 7.
• the addition of boric acid to a product with an initial pH between 5 and 8 can adequately buffer the product pH in the 5 to 8 pH range. This buffering prevents the product pH from drifting and minimizes the formation of fatty acid via hydrolysis.
• the amount of Group III B or IV B containing compound, preferably boric acid, added to the compositions of the invention will be dependent upon the amount of total polyhydroxy fatty acid amide present therein.
• the molar ratio of boron to polyhydroxy fatty acid amide is preferably from about 0.25:1 to about 1:2.
• Moderate levels of calcium ions described hereinbelow can be added to give good grease cleaning benefits.
• the level of Group III B or Group IV B element should be carefully controlled. Too much of these elements in the presence of calcium may result in the precipitation of insoluble salts such as calcium borate.
• liquid dishwashing compositions have a pH of about 7.
• Dishwashing compositions of the invention will be subjected to acidic stresses created by food soils when put to use, i.e., diluted and applied to soiled dishes.
• Products of the present invention are effective at buffering in the pH range between 5 and 8. If a composition with a pH greater than 8 is desired a buffering agent should be added.
• the buffering agent should be capable of maintaining the alkaline pH in the composition and in dilute solutions, i.e., about 0.1% to 0.4% by weight aqueous solution, of the composition.
• the pKa value of this buffering agent should be about 0.5 to 1.0 pH units below the desired pH value of the composition.
• the pKa value of the buffering agent should be between about 7 and about 9.5. Under these conditions the buffering agent most effectively controls the pH while using the least amount thereof.
• the composition of the present invention will have a pH in a 10% solution of water at 20oC between about 6.0 and about 11, more preferably for boron containing compositions between about 7.0 and about 10, most preferably between about 7.0 and about 9.
• the buffering agent may be an active detergent in its own right, or it may be a low molecular weight, organic or inorganic material that is used in this composition solely for maintaining an alkaline pH.
• Preferred buffering agents for compositions of this invention are nitrogen-containing materials. Some examples are amino acids or lower alcohol amines like mono-, di-, and tri-ethanolamine. Other preferred nitrogen-containing buffering agents are 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-methylpropanol, and 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (a.k.a. tris).
• N-methyl diethanolamine, 1,3-diamino-2-propanol N,N'-tetramethyl-1,3-diamino-2-propanol, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (a.k.a. bicine), and N-tris (hydroxymethyl)methyl glycine (a.k.a. tricine) are also preferred. Mixtures of any of the above are acceptable.
• the buffering agent is present in the compositions of the invention hereof at a level of from about 0.1% to 15%, preferably from about 1% to 10%, most preferably from about 2% to 8%, by weight.
• the detergent compositions of the present invention comprise from about 3% to about 95%, more preferably from about 5% to about 60%, most preferably from about 10% to about 40%, by weight of the composition of one or more anionic surfactants.
• the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfate, alkyl ether sulfate, polyethercarboxylate, secondary olefin sulfonates, sarcosinates, methyl ester sulphonates alkylglycerol ether sulphonates and mixtures thereof.
• the most preferred anionic surfactants are anionic sulfate surfactants which may be any organic sulfate surfactant.
• the anionic sulfate surfactant is a C 10 -C 16 alkyl sulfate which has been ethoxylated with from about 0.5 to about 20, preferably from about 0.5 to about 12, moles of ethylene oxide per molecule.
• Alkyl ethoxy sulfate surfactants comprise a primary alkyl ethoxy sulfate derived from the condensation product of a C 10 -C 16 alcohol with an average of from about 0.5 to about 20, preferably from about 0.5 to about 12, ethylene oxide groups.
• the C 10 -C 16 alcohol itself is commercially available.
• C 12 -C 14 alkyl sulfate which has been ethoxylated with from about 3 to about 10 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule is preferred.
• a lime soap dispersing agent is added for a stable composition.
• Blends can be made of material having different degrees of ethoxylation and/or different ethoxylate distributions arising from the specific ethoxylation techniques employed and subsequent processing steps such as distillation.
• Anionic sulfate surfactants include the C 9 -C 17 acyl-N-(C 1 -C 4 alkyl) and -N-(C 1 -C 2 hydroxyalkyl) glucamine sulfates, preferably those in which the C 9 -C 17 acyl group is derived from coconut or palm kernel oil.
• Lime soap dispersing agent can be added, especially to the longer chain length glucamine sulfates for improved product stability (e.g., where C 9 -C 17 acyl is palm kernel oil).
• These materials can be prepared by the method disclosed in U.S. Patent 2,717,894, Schwartz, issued September 13, 1955, incorporated herein by reference.
• R 1 is on the average a C 8 to C 16 , preferably a C 10 to C 14 alkyl; and R 2 is on the average a C 1 to C 6 , preferably a C 1 to C 2 alkyl, preferably methyl ester sulfonate is employed.
• the counterion ("M") for the anionic surfactant component is preferably selected from calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium or alkanol-ammonium, and mixtures thereof, with calcium and magnesium being preferred for cleaning.
• anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can also be included in the compositions hereof.
• exemplary, non-limiting useful anionics include salts (e.g., sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of soap, C 8 -C 22 alkyl sulfates, C 8 -C 22 secondary alkyl alcohol sulfates, C 8 -C 24 alkylpolyethersulfates (containing up to 10 moles of ethylene oxide); fatty acyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, secondary C 10 -C 18 alkyl sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, acyl taurates, fatty acid amides, alkyl succinates and sulfosuccinates, acyl sarcosinates,
• composition of the present invention may additionally comprise from about 0.08% to about 4%, more preferably from about 0.15% to about 1.6%, most preferably from about 0.2% to about 0.7%, by weight of the composition, of calcium ions. It has been found for compositions containing the present polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and boric acid that the presence of calcium greatly improves the cleaning of greasy soils. Only a moderate level of calcium ions need be added, preferably in a ratio from about 1:8 to 1:4 calcium ion: polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.
• additional calcium ions may be used; however, it has been found that formulating such calcium ion-containing compositions in alkaline pH matrices is difficult due to the incompatibility of the calcium ions with hydroxide ions.
• both calcium ions and alkaline pH are combined with the surfactant mixture of this invention, grease cleaning is achieved that is superior to that obtained by either alkaline pH or calcium ions alone.
• the stability of these compositions becomes poor due to the formation of hydroxide precipitates.
• excess calcium ions may form insoluble salt precipitates with free fatty acids and/or boron ions.
• the calcium ions are added as a chloride, hydroxide, oxide, acetate, formate, or nitrate salt, most preferably formate salt, to compositions containing an alkali metal or ammonium salt of the anionic sulfate, most preferably the ammonium salt.
• the calcium salts are preferably soluble.
• the amount of calcium ions present in compositions of the invention may also be dependent upon the amount of total anionic surfactant present therein.
• the molar ratio of calcium ions to total anionic surfactant is preferably from about 0.1:1 to about 1:4 for compositions of the invention.
• Suitable nonionic detergent surfactants are generally disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,929,678, Laughlin et al., issued December 30, 1975, at column 13, line 14 through column 16, line 6, incorporated herein by reference. Exemplary, non-limiting classes of useful nonionic surfactants are listed below. 1.
• nonionic surfactants of this type include IgepalTM C0-630, marketed by the GAF Corporation; and TritonTM X-45, X-114, X-100, and X-102, all marketed by the Rohm & Haas Company.
• the condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide can either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms with from about 2 to about 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
• the condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol.
• the hydrophobic portion of these compounds preferably has a molecular weight of from about 1500 to about 1800 and exhibits water insolubility.
• U.S. Patent Nos. 4,373,203 and 4,732,704, incorporated herein by reference, also describe acceptable surfactants. Most preferably the surfactant contains less than 10% of alcohol ethoxylates of the formula RO(CH 2 CH 2 O)XH.
• R is a C 12 to C 16 alkyl group, X ranges from 0 to about 10, and the average X is less than 6 and less than 10% soap of the formula RCOO-M+ wherein X is a C 11 to C 15 alkyl group and M is a cation.
• these optional additional surfactants are typically present at a concentration of from about 1% to about 15%, preferably from about 2% to about 10% by weight.
• suds stabilizing surfactant is a suds stabilizing surfactant (suds booster) at a level of less than about 15%, preferably from about 0.5% to 12%, more preferably from about 1% to 10% by weight of the composition.
• Optional suds stabilizing surfactants operable in the instant composition are of five basic types - - betaines , fatty acid amides, amine oxide semi-polar nonionics, and cationic surfactants.
• Particularly preferred suds boosters are selected from the group consisting of alkyl, amine oxide, alkyldimethylbetaine, alkylamidopropylbetaine, alkylmonoethanol amide, alkyldiethanol amide and mixtures thereof.
• composition of this invention can contain betaine detergent surfactants having the general formula:
• R is a hydrophobic group selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups containing from about 10 to about 22 carbon atoms, preferably from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, alkyl aryl and aryl alkyl groups containing a similar number of carbon atoms with a benzene ring being treated as equivalent to about 2 carbon atoms, and similar structures interrupted by amido or ether linkages; each R 1 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; and R 2 is an alkylene group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
• betaines dodecyl dimethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine, dodecyl amidopropyldimethyl betaine, tetradecyldimethyl betaine, tetradecylamidopropyldimethyl betaine, and dodecyldimethyl ammonium hexanoate.
• Other suitable amidoalkylbetaines are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,950,417; 4,137,191; and 4,375,421; and British Patent GB No. 2,103,236, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• alkyl (and acyl) groups for the above betaine surfactants can be derived from either natural or synthetic sources, e,g., they can be derived from naturally occurring fatty acids; olefins such as those prepared by Ziegler, or Oxo processes; or from olefins separated from petroleum either with or without "cracking".
• amide surfactants useful herein include the ammonia, monoethanol, and diethanol amides of fatty acids having an acyl moiety containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and represented by the general formula:
• R is a saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from about 7 to 21, preferably from about 11 to 17 carbon atoms;
• R 2 represents a methylene or ethylene group; and
• m is 1, 2, or 3, preferably 1.
• Specific examples of said amides are mono-ethanol amine coconut fatty acid amide and diethanol amine dodecyl fatty acid amide. These acyl moieties may be derived from naturally occurring glycerides, e.g., coconut oil, palm oil, soybean oil, and tallow, but can be derived synthetically, e.g., by the oxidation of petroleum or by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide by the Fischer-Tropsch process. The monoethanol amides and diethanol amides of C 12-14 fatty acids are preferred.
• Amine oxide semi -polar nonionic surfactants comprise compounds and mixtures of compounds having the formula
• R 1 is an alkyl, 2-hydroxyalkyl, 3-hydroxyalkyl, or
• R 1 is a C 12-16 alkyl and R 2 and R 3 are methyl or ethyl.
• the above ethylene oxide condensates, amides, and amine oxides are more fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,316,824 (Pancheri), incorporated herein by reference.
• composition of this invention can also contain certain cationic quarternary ammonium surfactants of the formula:
• alkyl quaternary ammonium surfactants especially the mono-long chain alkyl surfactants described in the above formula when R 4 is selected from the same groups as R 3 .
• the most preferred quaternary ammonium surfactants are the chloride, bromide, and methylsulfate C 8-16 alkyl trimethyl ammonium salts, C 8-16 alkyl di(hydroxyethyl)methyl ammonium salts, the C 8-16 alkyl hydroxyethyldimethyl ammonium salts, C 8-16 alkyloxypropyl trimethyl ammonium salts, and the C 8-16 alkyloxypropyl dihydroxyethylmethyl ammonium salts.
• the C 10-14 alkyl trimethylammonium salts are preferred, e.g., decyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, myristyl trimethylammonium bromide and coconut trimethyl ammonium chloride, and methyl sulfate.
• aliphatic substituents may contain at least 8 carbon atoms, typically from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and at lease one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate. See U.S. Patent No. 3,939,678, Laughlin et al, issued December 30, 1975, (herein incorporated by reference) for examples of such useful ampholytic surfactants.
• the suds boosters used in the compositions of this invention can contain any one or mixture of the suds boosters listed above.
• Other Optional Components are possible.
• Diluents can be inorganic salts, such as sodium and potassium sulfate, ammonium chloride, sodium and potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, etc.
• Diluents useful in the compositions of the present invention are typically present at levels of from about 1% to about 10%, preferably from about 2% to about 5% by weight.
• Solvents useful herein include water and lower molecular weight (C 1 -C 4 monohydric) alcohols, such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, etc. Solvents useful in the compositions of the present invention are typically present at levels of from about 1% to about 60%, preferably from about 5% to about 50% by weight.
• Hydrotropes such as sodium, potassium, and ammonium xylene sulfonate (preferred), sodium, potassium and ammonium toluene sulfonate, sodium, potassium and ammonium cumene sulfonate (most preferred), and mixtures thereof, and related compounds (as disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,915,903, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein) can be utilized in addition to the boric acid surfactants in the interests of achieving a desired product phase stability and viscosity. Hydrotropes useful in the compositions of the present invention are typically present at levels of from about 1% to about 10%, preferably from about 2% to about 5%, by weight.
• Opacifiers such as Lytron (Morton Thiokol, Inc.), a modified polystyrene latex, or ethylene glycol distearate can be added, preferably as a last step. Lytron can be aded directly as a dispersion with mixing. Ethylene glycol distearate can be added in a molten state with rapid mixing to form pearlescent crystals. Opacifiers useful herein, particularly for light duty liquids, are typically present at levels of from about 0.2% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 6% by weight.
• the detergent compositions of the present invention are liquid detergent compositions.
• These preferred liquid detergent compositions comprise from about 94% to about 35% by weight, preferably from about 90% to about 50% by weight, most preferably from about 80% to about 60% by weight of a liquid carrier, e.g., water, preferably a mixture of water and a C 1 -C 4 monohydric alcohol (e.g., ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and mixtures thereof), with ethanol being the preferred alcohol.
• a liquid carrier e.g., water, preferably a mixture of water and a C 1 -C 4 monohydric alcohol (e.g., ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and mixtures thereof), with ethanol being the preferred alcohol.
• a liquid carrier e.g., water, preferably a mixture of water and a C 1 -C 4 monohydric alcohol (e.g., ethanol, propanol, isoprop
• a preferred way to make light duty liquids of the present invention is to combine the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and the anionic surfactant, preferably an alkyl (ethoxy) sulfate with water and ethanol, the pH is adjusted and then calcium and optionally magnesium ions are mixed into the composition as aqueous solutions of chloride salts. The mixture is blended and hydrotrope may be added to adjust the viscosity. Perfume, dye, opacifier, and other optional ingredients may then be added.
• the anionic surfactant preferably an alkyl (ethoxy) sulfate
• soiled dishes are contacted with an effective amount, typically from about 0.5 ml. to about 20 ml. (per 25 dishes being treated), preferably from about 3 ml. to about 10 ml., of the detergent composition of the present invention.
• the actual amount of liquid detergent composition used will be based on the judgement of user, and will typically depend upon factors such as the particular product formulation of the composition, including the concentration of active ingredient in the composition, the number of soiled dishes to be cleaned, the degree of soiling on the dishes, and the like.
• the particular product formulation in turn, will depend upon a number of factors, such as the intended market (i.e., U.S., Europe, Japan, etc.) for the composition product.
• a liquid detergent composition in a typical U.S. application, from about 3 ml. to about 15 ml., preferably from about 5 ml. to about 10 ml. of a liquid detergent composition is combined with from about 1,000 ml. to about 10,000 ml., more typically from about 3,000 ml. to about 5,000 ml. of water in a sink having a volumetric capacity in the range of from about 5,000 ml. to about 20,000 ml., more typically from about 10,000 ml. to about 15,000 ml.
• the detergent composition has a surfactant mixture concentration of from about 21% to about 44% by weight, preferably from about 25% to about 40% by weight.
• the soiled dishes are immersed in the sink containing the detergent composition and water, where they are cleaned by contacting the soiled surface of the dish with a cloth, sponge, or similar article.
• the cloth, sponge, or similar article may be immersed in the detergent composition and water mixture prior to being contacted with the dish surface, and is typically contacted with the dish surface for a period of time ranging from about 1 to about 10 seconds, although the actual time will vary with each application and user.
• the contacting of the cloth, sponge, or similar article to the dish surface is preferably accompanied by a concurrent scrubbing of the dish surface.
• a liquid detergent composition in a typical European market application, from about 3 ml . to about 15 ml., preferably from about 3 ml. to about 10 ml. of a liquid detergent composition is combined with from about 1,000 ml. to about 10,000 ml., more typically from about 3,000 ml. to about 5,000 ml. of water in a sink having a volumetric capacity in the range of from about 5,000 ml. to about 20,000 ml., more typically from about 10,000 ml. to about 15,000 ml.
• the detergent composition has a surfactant mixture concentration of from about 20% to about 50% by weight, preferably from about 30% to about 40%, by weight.
• the soiled dishes are immersed in the sink containing the detergent composition and water, where they are cleaned by contacting the soiled surface of the dish with a cloth, sponge, or similar article.
• the cloth, sponge, or similar article may be immersed in the detergent composition and water mixture prior to being contacted with the dish surface, and is typically contacted with the dish surface for a period of time ranging from about 1 to about 10 seconds, although the actual time will vary with each application and user.
• the contacting of the cloth, sponge, or similar article to the dish surface is preferably accompanied by a concurrent scrubbing of the dish surface.
• a detergent composition in a typical Latin American and Japanese market application, from about 1 ml. to about 50 ml., preferably from about 2 ml. to about 10 ml. of a detergent composition is combined with from about 50 ml. to about 2,000 ml., more typically from about 100 ml. to about 1,000 ml. of water in a bowl having a volumetric capacity in the range of from about 500 ml. to about 5,000 ml., more typically from about 500 ml. to about 2,000 ml.
• the detergent composition has a surfactant mixture concentration of from about 5% to about 40% by weight, preferably from about 10% to about 30% by weight.
• the soiled dishes are cleaned by contacting the soiled surface of the dish with a cloth, sponge, or similar article.
• the cloth, sponge, or similar article may be immersed in the detergent composition and water mixture prior to being contacted with the dish surface, and is typically contacted with the dish surface for a period of time ranging from about 1 to about 10 seconds, although the actual time will vary with each application and user.
• the contacting of the cloth, sponge, or similar article to the dish surface is preferably accompanied by a concurrent scrubbing of the dish surface.
• Another method of use will comprise immersing the soiled dishes into a water bath without any liquid dishwashing detergent.
• a device for absorbing liquid dishwashing detergent such as a sponge, is placed directly into a separate quantity of undiluted liquid dishwashing composition for a period of time typically ranging from about 1 to about 5 seconds.
• the absorbing device, and consequently the undiluted liquid dishwashing composition is then contacted individually to the surface of each of the soiled dishes to remove said soiling.
• the absorbing device is typically contacted with each dish surface for a period of time range from about 1 to about 10 seconds, although the actual time of application will be dependent upon factors such as the degree of soiling of the dish.
• the contacting of the absorbing device to the dish surface is preferably accompanied by concurrent scrubbing.
• the C 12-14 alkyl N-methyl glucamide contains about 90.5% of C 12-14 alkyl methyl glucamide (less than 0.1% cyclic polyhydroxy fatty acid amide), about 3.3% of C 12 alkyl fatty acid, about 5.5% glucamide, and about 0.3 ester amides.
• a surfactant paste is initially formed by combining any desired surfactants with water and alcohol. The surfactants contained in this surfactant paste include the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the present invention. Ideally the surfactant paste should be pumpable at room or elevated temperatures.
• a large mixing vessel having a propeller mixer three-quarters of the water of the formulated product, one-half of the alcohol of the formulated product, one-half of the alcohol of the formulated product, and any optional hydrotropes (e.g. xylene, cumene, toluene sulfonates) and boric acid are combined with mixing to give a clear solution.
• the surfactant paste is added and the pH of the mixture is adjusted to 7.0 - 7.5, before any calcium ions, if needed, are added.
• the calcium ions may be added directly to the mixing vessel as calcium chloride, calcium formate, or as calcium oxide or hydroxide powder.
• the calcium oxide or hydroxide powder is added to the acid form of the surfactant salts (e.g. alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxylated sulfates, methyl ester sulfonates, etc.) in the surfactant paste.
• the surfactant salts e.g. alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxylated sulfates, methyl ester sulfonates, etc.
• the pH of the calcium-containing surfactant paste is then adjusted by using NaOH or KOH solutions.
• the mixture is mixed until a homogenous, clear solution product is obtained. Additional water, alcohol, and any desired additional hydrotropes (added as a solution) may then be added to trim the solution product viscosity to the desired level, ideally between 50 and 1000 cps, as measured by a Brookfield viscometer at 70°F.
• the pH of the final product is then adjusted with either HCl or NaOH to a level of 7.0 ⁇ 0.7 for formulas containing ammonium ions, and 8.5 + 1.5 for formulas which do not contain ammonium ions (pH measurements of a 1% solution of the formula).
• Perfume, dye and other ingredients are added as the last step.
• Lytron can be added directly as a dispersion with mixing.
• Ethylene glycol distearate must be added in a molten state with rapid mixing to form the desired pearlescent crystals. The following procedures show how the above formulations are evaluated in terms of how well they maintain their pH stability.
• the method used to evaluate pH stability of the compositions of this invention involves storing a portion of the product without opacifier at 40°F (4.4°C), room temperature, and 120°F (48.9°C) for several days. At the end of the period a 10% solution of the product in water is evaluated for pH stability using a pH meter. Representative results are shown in Table 1.
• the C 12-14 alkyl N-methyl glucamide contains about 90.5% of C 12-14 alkyl methyl glucamide (less than 0.1% cyclic polyhydroxy fatty acid amide), about 3.3% of C 12 alkyl fatty acid, about 5.5% glucamide, and about 0.3 ester amides.
• IFT interfacial tension
• composition B a composition in which boric acid is added as an ingredient
• Composition A a composition where no boric acid is added
• the C 12-14 alkyl N-methyl glucamide contains about 90.5% of
• C 12-14 alkyl methyl glucamide (less than 0.1% cyclic polyhydroxy fatty acid amide), about 3.3% of C 12 alkyl fatty acid, about 5.5% glucamide, and about 0.3 ester amides.
• An alternate method for grease removal is a determination of the amount of solid animal fat removed from polypropylene cups
• Results in Table 4 demonstrate that calcium ions improve grease cleaning in soft water of compositions containing glucamide and boron. However, higher levels of clacium ions are needed in boron containing compositions than a composition without boron.
• compositions are prepared in the same manner as the compositions of Example I. % By Weight

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