EP0664915B1 - Installation for reading the consumption figures for various consumption quantities in a building - Google Patents

Installation for reading the consumption figures for various consumption quantities in a building Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0664915B1
EP0664915B1 EP94900071A EP94900071A EP0664915B1 EP 0664915 B1 EP0664915 B1 EP 0664915B1 EP 94900071 A EP94900071 A EP 94900071A EP 94900071 A EP94900071 A EP 94900071A EP 0664915 B1 EP0664915 B1 EP 0664915B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
consumption value
consumption
reading
transmission
value acquisition
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EP94900071A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0664915A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Schmucker
Rolf GRÄF
Mathias Kirsch
Dan Nistor
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Metrona Waermemesser Union GmbH
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Metrona Waermemesser Union GmbH
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08CTRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C17/00Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
    • G08C17/02Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for reading consumption values in a building in particular to heat, water or the like, with at least one consumption value detection device assigned to a consumer and a device for transmitting the determined by the consumption value detection device Consumption values, to a timer device local reception facility of the building.
  • the reading of such consumption value detection devices determined consumption values requires the Access to the location of the respective consumption value recording device, which by the location of the assigned consumer is determined.
  • a remote reading from at least one location outside the individual apartments of the building was tried out.
  • a transfer of the reading data from the individual consumption value recording devices to such a place is a wiring, for example with a two-wire data bus, both from optical problematic as well for cost reasons.
  • any accessible wire connection especially that from the radiator to the wall, a source of manipulation and other disturbances.
  • wireless transmission of the Radio data can be considered.
  • One economically practical application of wireless data transmission in the consumption value acquisition stands in the way of the individual consumption value recording devices on the one hand should be as simple as possible and on the other hand because of their autonomous energy supply by a electrical energy source, i.e. a battery that is operating the consumption value detection device for a very long time To maintain periods of years, very little Energy is available.
  • a call from the consumption value recording devices formed consumption values at a desired reading time, however, would require that each consumption value detection device in addition a transmitter for the consumption values at the same time also one Receivers for an external reading command by which the transmitter in response to an incoming read command transmits the consumption data.
  • This recipient would then have to kept at least in a standby mode to the reading command at the desired reading time to be able to receive. Also a clocked operation of the receiver at fixed intervals, given the long periods of ten years, for example, over which each consumption value recording device operated without changing the battery must exceed the available energy by far.
  • the invention has for its object a device for reading consumption values of the aforementioned Way of creating while maintaining long periods of operation, especially without the need for one Exchange of electrical energy sources, with little structural Effort a remote reading at the desired, fixed reading times can be done.
  • the consumption value detection device has a storage device a timer device for the consumption value recorded in each case and one of their electrical power needs providing internal electrical energy source that the Transmission device as one in the consumption value detection device arranged transmitting device for wireless Transfer of the stored consumption value trained is that the electrical power supply to the transmitter from the timer device each outside the duration of a predetermined time window that is close in time after the key date of a desired billing period lies and in which the consumption value is transmitted, switched off and the transmitter only for the duration of this Time window is activated, and that the local receiving device from their timer setup only during the Duration of the predetermined time window of the transmission device adjusted time window switched to their receiving mode becomes.
  • the local receiving facility itself can be read in an easily accessible place Housing unit or arranged outside the same be so that there the reading by a person reading without Malfunction of the apartment owner can be carried out.
  • the local receiving device can in turn Forwarding of consumption values through a suitable data transmission link over greater distance to a central one Serve data evaluation device. In this case needs then no longer being able to enter the building at all.
  • the time window operation provided in the invention also has the local receiving device uses very little energy. This makes it possible to also use the local receiving device only through an internal, autonomous power source, so a battery to provide energy because that is out electrical power available from such an energy source sufficient to receive during the relationship at very short total operating time.
  • the resulting autonomous energy supply the local receiving device permits their arrangement any suitable place in the building without the Necessity of a network connection. In addition, through this autonomous power supply failure due to power outages or by manipulating an external energy supply avoided.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment consists in that the transmitting device from the timer device in each case in the predetermined time window for transmission of the Consumption value is switched on.
  • each reception capability is targeted the consumption value detection device is dispensed with, so that the latter can be constructed particularly simply can and no electrical energy for a receiving operation necessary is. Rather, the internal Timer device of each consumption value detection device the time of transfer of the consumption value is determined and the sending device only for this purpose and time switched on.
  • each consumption value detection device is admittedly increased by the signal receiver, but the latter can be constructed very simply, since it only the external query signal must record. Because the signal receiver only during the predetermined time window and in there Absence of the interrogation signal only in its standby mode is switched while receiving operation is only switched on when the query signal is received in this way also for the reading device according to the invention achieve significant energy savings.
  • the predetermined time window can be because of the low energy consumption Relative in standby mode spacious, so that even with unavoidable inaccuracies the timer device over the long Operating time through the interrogation signal an exact time of transmission for which consumption values can be set.
  • the timers of both the consumption value detection devices as well as the local receiving device of the building for example, very simply and inexpensively can be stabilized by watch crystals but the inaccuracy over an operating period of years on the order of hours. Because the air time every consumption value detection device for a flawless Reading in the time window of the local concerned Receiver must fall, is therefore sufficient spacious dimensioning of at least the time window of the receiving device required. But the necessary length can be of the time window in an expedient embodiment minimize that the local receiving device a the temporal position of their time window depending on on the timing of a previous transfer of consumption values has matching facility.
  • the local receiving device synchronizes their time window with that of the consumption value recording devices again in each reading period which is due to the temporal transmission relationships of the Consumption values delivered in the previous meter reading period Information. Even if the different ones diverge Time window of both the consumption value detection devices with each other as well as with the local receiving device thus minimizing the need Reach transmission or reception energy.
  • Receivers are not expected to be the individual Consumption value detection devices their stored Consumption values at precisely adhered to times transfer.
  • This probability of interference can be according to an advantageous embodiment thereby reducing it to a negligible small value, that each consumption value detection device within the predetermined time window the transfer of their consumption value repeated at least once and that in the local Receiving device the transfer of the transmitted consumption values only depending on an error check using a verification code.
  • each consumption value detection device an identification number is assigned, each when transferring the consumption values is also transmitted.
  • the local receiving device as a buffer the transmitted data for forwarding to a connected data transmission path to another Evaluation unit is used.
  • each consumption value detection device one controlling their operation Has microprocessor
  • the invention can be particularly simply realize that the consumption value transfer by one from the clock frequency of the microprocessor derived and under program control by the Microprocessor modulated with the respective consumption value Carrier frequency takes place.
  • electronic heat cost allocators are from equipped with a microprocessor from the start. Through the Obtaining the carrier frequency directly from the clock frequency of the Microprocessor and the modulation by software then exists the additional effort for the transmission device only from a transistor and an antenna resonant circuit.
  • the invention provides that the transmitting device as one in each consumption value detection device insertable plug-in module is.
  • Furnishing represents the area of heating billing is the consumption value detection device each by a thermal contact on the surface a radiator arranged electronic heat cost allocator educated.
  • those with the invention achieved advantages particularly clearly. Because the heat cost allocator are arranged on the radiator surfaces, would be a wired transmission of the consumption value one each freely from the radiator through the room to nearest wall extending pipe require what regards operational and counterfeiting security as well is particularly unfavorable for optical reasons.
  • the electromechanical device thus detects any Attempts at manipulation, such as opening or dismantling the Heat cost allocator, and makes such a manipulation attempt through the transmitted one, indicating the fault Signal recognizable.
  • Embodiment is that the electromechanical Setup by a test contact of the heat cost allocator in the closed state of its housing bridging when Opening the housing interrupting conductive rubber part formed and the signal indicating a fault by querying the Test contacts is formed.
  • the lead rubber part as a result a removal of the heat cost allocator from the radiator surface or as a result of an unauthorized opening of the of a front part and a back part facing the radiator composite housing the contact between the Interrupts test contacts, this can easily be done by the Queries, for example at intervals of, for example 0.5 seconds, using the electronics of the heat cost allocator to capture.
  • the interaction of the test contacts with the conductive rubber part are alternatively other options conceivable, for example the suitable arrangement of a microswitch, the switching state changed by manipulation becomes.
  • each consumption value detection device each stored and for transmission intended consumption value is addressed, it must be never just a single value. Much more can this consumption value from a set of several, for example Individual values saved at monthly intervals consist.
  • the wireless reading then not only delivers one the entire accounting period of, for example, one Year reflecting consumption value, but also monthly Basic values so that, for example, if there is a change of tenants a billing period also a proportional billing, for example after months.
  • a two-day Dimensioning the length of the time window according to the meter reading point sufficient timing imprecision of the timers even over a sufficient number of years.
  • the device shown in the drawing for Reading consumption values in a building Consumption amounts have a suitable location of the Building arranged local receiving device 1 to which a number of consumption value detection devices 2, im shown example heat cost allocator, the relative Heat consumption amounts of the radiators corresponding consumption values transmit wirelessly in a manner yet to be explained.
  • these are relative Consumption values from the at a certain point on the radiator surface prevailing temperature determined by which in each case on the surface of the radiator in question Heat contact defined heat cost allocator is measured.
  • Electronics provided in the heat cost allocator for example a microprocessor calculated from the measured temporal temperature curve the consumption value and saves him each in a storage device of the heat cost allocator from.
  • the determined consumption value on a visual display provided on the heat cost allocator 3 displayed.
  • the for the operation of the blocks of the heat cost allocator required electrical energy is provided by a battery arranged in the heat cost allocator, so that it is independent of an external electricity supply is. Because the heat cost allocator over a very long Operating period, in the order of ten years, operational must remain, the one required for its operation Electricity consumption considering the limited capacity the battery should be kept as small as possible.
  • the consumption value detection devices formed by the heat cost allocators 2 each have one Sending device for the respectively saved consumption value on. This transmitter is only within one predetermined time window, which is only one compared to the total operating time has a very short period, each after the key date of a desired billing period, for example of a year, by one in the heat cost allocator provided timer device activated, so that only during this short duration of the time window electrical energy consumption of the transmitting device takes place. Each heat cost allocator transmits within this time window the consumption value stored in its storage device by radio to the local receiving device 1.
  • the lines shown in the drawing between the consumption value detection devices 2, d. H. the heat cost allocators, and the local receiving device 1 therefore not a wire connection, but merely symbolize the radio link.
  • any consumption value detection device could 2 additionally a simple signal receiver included with a standby circuit is provided, which is within the predetermined Time window from the timer in its standby mode is switched.
  • the actual turning on the transmission device of each consumption value detection device 2 can then by a during the period of the standby mode by radio, for example from the suitable equipped local receiving device 1, irradiated Interrogation signal are triggered, causing the transmission time the consumption values within the time window can be controlled from the outside.
  • This one too special type of bidirectional operation can because of Time slot technology used and the measure of the standby mode for a sufficiently long total operating time required energy savings can be achieved.
  • Timers determine the time window Timers, for example by the clock generators from the microprocessors controlling the heat cost allocators are inaccurate, even when stabilized by watch crystals based on the intended years of operation a significant size, for example in the order of magnitude of hours.
  • At least with the purely unidirectional mode of operation can therefore be the exact time of transmission the consumption values are not specified. It can therefore happen that at least two of the consumption value detection devices 2 their consumption values in time Send overlap so that these two consumption values not undisturbed by the local receiving device 1 can be received. Therefore, the ones to be transferred Consumption values from each consumption value detection device 2 within the time window with random time Distribution sent out several times.
  • the local receiving device 1 autonomous by a internal energy source, d. H. a suitable battery with which electrical power required for their operation. This enables in particular their assembly on the suitable locations of the building without the need a network connection and also avoids operational and counterfeit security problems due to interruptions in the external Power supply. Points to the offered energy saving expediently also the local receiving device 1 Timer device through which a the time window of the Consumption value detection devices 2 covering time window is set, the local receiving device 1 only switched to receive mode during this time window becomes.
  • each of the consumption value detection devices 2 one Identification number assigned when transmitting the Consumption values is also transferred.
  • the identification numbers all assigned consumption value detection devices pre-stored so that the latter by comparing each Received identification number with all pre-stored Identification numbers can determine whether the person concerned Consumption value is intended for transmission to them.
  • the saving the assigned identification numbers in the relevant local receiving device 1 can expediently done in a learning run.
  • the local receiving device 1 for example freely accessible in the stairwell of the building or in an unlocked one Entrance area of a building unit assigned to it can be arranged, can be read directly on site become.
  • the reader can do this, as in the drawing indicated, also with a suitably trained reading device 4 be equipped in which the transferred consumption values from the local receiving device 1 via a pluggable Cable or wireless, optically or acoustically be read out.
  • This reading device 4 can also with one symbolically indicated by reference number 5 Printer and / or a recording device 6 for recording the consumption values on a data carrier his.
  • the transferred consumption values in the local receiving device 1 on a pluggable EEPROM card 8 are recorded mechanically by the reader is exchanged. In all cases, the place needs to which installed the consumption value detection devices 2 are not to be entered.
  • the local receiving device 1 for example to protect against anonymous interference, within a closed Housing unit is arranged, there is also a call by radio, the mobile reader 4 of the reader a radio call command from outside the apartment transmits to the local receiving device 1 and the latter a transmission device for further transmission of the in it temporarily stored consumption values for the reading device 4 having.
  • the location of the local receiving device 1 can be the latter also, for example via a bus system, a data network or Radio, within the building to a central receiver 7 be coupled. This measure is particularly useful if there are several local reception facilities within the building 1 are provided.
  • the central receiver 7 is also a remote data transmission from the central receiver 7, for example via modem, TEMEX or radio telephone, to a central processing facility possible. This allows the data to be transmitted remotely directly in the central processing facility central evaluation for a large number of buildings to be read be subjected.
  • the consumption value detection devices 2 are controlled by a microprocessor, as is the case with electronic ones Heat cost allocators is the case, the Realize the transmission device particularly easily. From the Clock frequency of the microprocessor can be directly Gain carrier frequency for the consumption value transmission, where the modulation with the consumption values, for example 100% amplitude modulation by switching on and off of the carrier, can be done programmatically. Compared to conventional ones Heat cost allocators then only need an antenna resonant circuit and an additional transistor built in too become. These advantageously form the transmitter device Components designed as a plug-in module, so that retrofitting conventional consumption value detection devices 2 is easily possible at any time.
  • the otherwise possible visual inspection is also omitted the integrity of the consumption value detection devices 2 by the reader. Expediently this also remotely monitored. For example, for manipulation purposes that from a back facing the radiator and a front part facing away from the radiator and housing of the heat cost allocator sealed by a seal for trying to counterfeit consumption be opened. Therefore, the heat cost allocator with one provided electromechanical device in the event of a fault the correct arrangement of the heat cost allocator an electrical signal in thermal contact with the radiator generated and saved, that in the consumption value transmission is also transmitted. This can also be used for remote reading an attempt at forgery can be detected.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
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Abstract

In an installation for reading out the consumption figures for various consumption quantities in a building, e.g. the heat consumption of heaters, in which the users are fitted with consumption meters (2), in order to automate meter (2) reading, there is a system for the radio transmission of the consumption figures recorded from the meters to a local receiving installation (1) in the building from which the read-out is made by transmission to a reading device (4) or transmission to a central processing installation (7). To facilitate radio transmission with the low power reserves of a battery-powered reading installation (2) over years of operating time, the radio transmissions are made unidirectionally in a narrow time band set by each reading installation (2) independently, on the set date for a given period.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Einrichtung zum Ablesen von Verbrauchswerten in einem Gebäude anfallender Verbrauchsmengen, insbescndere an Wärme, Wasser oder dgl., mit mindestens einer einem Verbraucher zugeordneten Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung und einer Einrichtung zur Übertragung des von der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung ermittelten Verbrauchswerte, an eine Zeitgebereinrichtung aufweisende lokale Empfangseinrichtung des Gebäudes.The invention relates to a device for reading consumption values in a building in particular to heat, water or the like, with at least one consumption value detection device assigned to a consumer and a device for transmitting the determined by the consumption value detection device Consumption values, to a timer device local reception facility of the building.

Das Ablesen der von derartigen Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen ermittelten Verbrauchswerte erfordert den Zutritt zum Ort der jeweiligen Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung, welcher durch den Ort des zugeordneten Verbrauchers bestimmt ist. Insbesondere im Faile der für die Heizkostenabrechnung weit verbreiteten Heizkostenverteiler ist es bisher erforderlich, die einzelnen Wohnräume zu betreten, in denen jeweils die Heizkostenverteiler in Wärmekontakt an der Oberfläche der betreffenden Heizkörper festgelegt sind. Zur Vermeidung dieser für die Wohnungsinhaber störenden und für die Ablesepersonen zeitaufwendigen persönlichen Ablesearbeit ist verschiedentlich schon eine Fernablesung von einem zumindest außerhalb der einzelnen Wohnungen des Gebäudes gelegenen Ort aus versucht worden. Für eine derartige Übertragung der Ablesedaten von den einzelnen Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen zu einem solchen Ort ist aber eine Verkabelung, beispielsweise mit einem Zwei-Draht-Datenbus, sowohl aus optischen als auch aus Kostengründen problematisch. Darüber hinaus ist jede zugängliche Drahtverbindung, insbesondere die vom Heizkörper zur Wand, eine Quelle für Manipulationen und sonstige Störungen.The reading of such consumption value detection devices determined consumption values requires the Access to the location of the respective consumption value recording device, which by the location of the assigned consumer is determined. Especially in the case of heating bills It has been a widely used heat cost allocator so far required to enter the individual living spaces in which each the heat cost allocator in thermal contact on the surface of the radiator in question. To avoid this is bothersome for the apartment owners and for the Reading people is time-consuming personal reading work variously a remote reading from at least one location outside the individual apartments of the building been tried out. For such a transfer of the reading data from the individual consumption value recording devices to such a place is a wiring, for example with a two-wire data bus, both from optical problematic as well for cost reasons. About that In addition, any accessible wire connection, especially that from the radiator to the wall, a source of manipulation and other disturbances.

Grundsätzlich kann zwar eine drahtlose Übertragung der Daten per Funk in Betracht gezogen werden. Einer wirtschaftlich praktikablen Anwendung der drahtlosen Datenübertragung bei der Verbrauchswert-Erfassung steht jedoch entgegen, daß die einzelnen Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen einerseits möglichst einfach aufgebaut sein sollen und andererseits wegen deren autonomer Energieversorgung durch eine elektrische Energiequelle, also eine Batterie, die den Betrieb der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung für sehr lange Zeiträume von Jahren aufrechterhalten soll, nur sehr wenig Energie zur Verfügung steht. Ein Abruf der von den Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen gebildeten Verbrauchswerte zu einem gewünschten Ablesezeitpunkt würde jedoch voraussetzen, daß jede Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung neben einem Sender für die Verbrauchswerte gleichzeitig auch einen Empfänger für einen externen Ablesebefehl aufweist, durch den der Sender ansprechend auf einen einlaufenden Ablesebefehl die Verbrauchsdaten überträgt. Dieser Empfänger müßte dann fortwährend zumindest in einem Bereitschaftsbetrieb gehalten werden, um den Ablesebefehl zum gewünschten Ablesezeitpunkt empfangen zu können. Auch ein getakteter Betrieb des Empfängers in festen Intervallen würde angesichts der langen Zeiträume von beispielsweise zehn Jahren, über die jede Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung ohne Batteriewechsel betrieben werden muß, die verfügbare Energie bei weitem überschreiten.Basically, wireless transmission of the Radio data can be considered. One economically practical application of wireless data transmission in the consumption value acquisition, however, stands in the way of the individual consumption value recording devices on the one hand should be as simple as possible and on the other hand because of their autonomous energy supply by a electrical energy source, i.e. a battery that is operating the consumption value detection device for a very long time To maintain periods of years, very little Energy is available. A call from the consumption value recording devices formed consumption values at a desired reading time, however, would require that each consumption value detection device in addition a transmitter for the consumption values at the same time also one Receivers for an external reading command by which the transmitter in response to an incoming read command transmits the consumption data. This recipient would then have to kept at least in a standby mode to the reading command at the desired reading time to be able to receive. Also a clocked operation of the receiver at fixed intervals, given the long periods of ten years, for example, over which each consumption value recording device operated without changing the battery must exceed the available energy by far.

Bei einer bekannten Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art (DE 37 03 387 A1) beruht die Einrichtung zur Übertragung des von der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung ermittelten Verbrauchswertes auf einem die Verbrauchswerterfassungseinrichtung und die lokale Empfangseinrichtung verbindenden vieradrigen Bus, dessen einzelne Adern als Spannungsversorgungsleitung, Steuersignalleitung, Meßstromleitung bzw. Masseleitung dienen. Durch von der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung an die Steuersignalleitung angelegte Steuerimpulse wird in periodisch wiederkehrenden Meßzyklen der Meßwandler der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung auf die Spannungsversorgungsleitung aufgeschaltet und sein dem Meßwert entsprechendes Signal in der Form von Stromänderungen auf der Meßstromleitung zur lokalen Empfangseinrichtung übertragen. Diese Ausbildung und Funktionsweise setzt notwendigerweise eine Festverdrahtung durch den vieradrigen Bus voraus, so daß aufwendige und unerwünschte Leitungsinstallationen nicht vermieden werden können.In a known device of the aforementioned Art (DE 37 03 387 A1) is based on the device for transmission that determined by the consumption value detection device Consumption value on a the consumption value detection device and connecting the local receiving device four-wire bus, the individual wires of which are used as voltage supply lines, Control signal line, measuring current line or ground line serve. By from the local receiving facility control pulses applied to the control signal line is in periodically recurring measurement cycles of the transducers of the consumption value detection device on the power supply line switched on and its corresponding to the measured value Signal in the form of current changes on the measuring current line transmitted to the local receiving device. This Training and functionality necessarily require one Hard wiring through the four-wire bus ahead, so that complex and unwanted pipe installations are not avoided can be.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Einrichtung zum Ablesen von Verbrauchswerten der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei der unter Aufrechterhaltung langer Betriebszeiträume, insbesondere ohne die Notwendigkeit zu einem Austausch elektrischer Energiequellen, mit geringem baulichen Aufwand eine Fernablesung zu gewünschten, festgelegten Ablesezeitpunkten erfolgen kann. The invention has for its object a device for reading consumption values of the aforementioned Way of creating while maintaining long periods of operation, especially without the need for one Exchange of electrical energy sources, with little structural Effort a remote reading at the desired, fixed reading times can be done.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung eine Speichereinrichtung für den jeweils erfaßten Verbrauchswert, eine Zeitgebereinrichtung und eine ihren elektrischen Leistungsbedarf liefernde interne elektrische Energiequelle aufweist, daß die Übertragungseinrichtung als eine in der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung angeordnete Sendeeinrichtung zur drahtlosen Übertragung des jeweils gespeicherten Verbrauchswertes ausgebildet ist, daß die elektrische Energieversorgung der Sendeeinrichtung von der Zeitgebereinrichtung jeweils außerhalb der Dauer eines vorbestimmten Zeitfensters, das zeitlich nahe nach dem Stichtag eines gewünschten Abrechnungszeitraumes liegt und in dem der Verbrauchswert übertragen wird, abgeschaltet und die Sendeeinrichtung nur während der Dauer dieses Zeitfensters aktiviert wird, und daß die lokale Empfangseinrichtung von ihrer Zeitgebereinrichtung nur während der Dauer eines dem vorbestimmten Zeitfenster der Sendeeinrichtung angepaßten Zeitfensters in ihren Empfangsbetrieb geschaltet wird.According to the invention this object is achieved in that the consumption value detection device has a storage device a timer device for the consumption value recorded in each case and one of their electrical power needs providing internal electrical energy source that the Transmission device as one in the consumption value detection device arranged transmitting device for wireless Transfer of the stored consumption value trained is that the electrical power supply to the transmitter from the timer device each outside the duration of a predetermined time window that is close in time after the key date of a desired billing period lies and in which the consumption value is transmitted, switched off and the transmitter only for the duration of this Time window is activated, and that the local receiving device from their timer setup only during the Duration of the predetermined time window of the transmission device adjusted time window switched to their receiving mode becomes.

Infolge der drahtlosen Übertragung, insbesondere per Funk, werden störanfällige, optisch nachteilige und in ihrer Installation kostenaufwendige Datenleitungen vermieden. Da die drahtlose Übertragung jeweils nur bis zu einer lokalen Empfangseinrichtung des Gebäudes erfolgt, braucht die Reichweite der Sendeeinrichtung nur gering zu sein, so daß diese Sendeeinrichtungen in den ein Großserienerzeugnis darstellenden Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen, wie Heizkostenverteilern, sehr einfach aufgebaut sein können. Darüber hinaus entfällt durch eine Beschränkung des mit dem Betrieb der Sendeeinrichtung zusammenhängenden Energieverbrauchs auf das durch die Zeitgebereinrichtung jeder Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung intern vorbestimmte Zeitfenster jeder mit der Verbrauchswert-Übertragung zusammenhängende elektrische Energieverbrauch außerhalb dieses Zeitfensters, was den Betrieb der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen mit ein und derselben Batterie über die gewünschten langen Zeiträume in der Größenordnung von zehn Jahren ermöglicht, während der die mit den Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen ausgestatteten Räume des Gebäudes nicht betreten werden müssen. Dabei wird jeweils das Zeitfenster jeder Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung derart gelegt, daß es zeitlich nahe nach dem Stichtag eines gewünschten Abrechnungszeitraumes, beispielsweise jeweils nach dem 31. Dezember, liegt, so daß nach der drahtlosen Übertragung in der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung des Gebäudes die für diesen Abrechnungszeitraum zutreffenden Verbrauchswerte greifbar sind. Die lokale Empfangseinrichtung selbst kann an einem leicht zugänglichen Ort der jeweils abzulesenden Wohneinheit oder außerhalb derselben angeordnet sein, so daß dort die Ablesung durch eine Ableseperson ohne Störung des Wohnungsinhabers ausgeführt werden kann. Alternativ kann aber die lokale Empfangseinrichtung ihrerseits zur Weiterleitung der Verbrauchswerte durch eine geeignete Datenübertragungsstrecke über größere Entfernung zu einer zentralen Datenauswerteeinrichtung dienen. In diesem Fall braucht dann das Gebäude überhaupt nicht mehr betreten zu werden.As a result of wireless transmission, especially by Radio, are prone to interference, visually disadvantageous and in their Installation of expensive data lines avoided. There the wireless transmission only up to a local Receiving device of the building takes the range the transmission device to be only slight, so that this Transmitting devices in those representing a mass production product Consumption value recording devices, such as heat cost allocators, can be very simple. Furthermore does not apply due to a limitation of the operation of the Transmitting device related energy consumption on the by the timer device of each consumption value detection device internally predetermined time window everyone with related electrical value transmission Energy consumption outside of this time window what the operation the consumption value detection devices with a and same battery for the desired long periods in of the order of ten years during which the equipped with the consumption value detection devices Rooms in the building do not have to be entered. Doing so in each case the time window of each consumption value detection device placed in such a way that it is close to the deadline a desired billing period, for example after December 31st, so that after the wireless Transmission in the building's local reception facility the consumption values applicable for this billing period are tangible. The local receiving facility itself can be read in an easily accessible place Housing unit or arranged outside the same be so that there the reading by a person reading without Malfunction of the apartment owner can be carried out. alternative But the local receiving device can in turn Forwarding of consumption values through a suitable data transmission link over greater distance to a central one Serve data evaluation device. In this case needs then no longer being able to enter the building at all.

Durch den bei der Erfindung vorgesehenen Zeitfenstersbetrieb hat auch die lokale Empfangseinrichtung nur einen sehr geringen Energieverbrauch. Hierdurch wird es möglich, auch die lokale Empfangseinrichtung lediglich durch eine interne, autonome Stromquelle, also eine Batterie, mit Energie zu versorgen, weil die aus einer derartigen Energiequelle verfügbare elektrische Leistung ausreicht, den Empfangsbetrieb während der im Verhältnis zur Gesamtbetriebszeit sehr kurzen Zeitdauer aufrechtzuerhalten. Die dadurch ermöglichte autonome Energieversorgung der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung erlaubt deren Anordnung an jeder beliebigen, geeigneten Stelle des Gebäudes ohne die Notwendigkeit eines Netzanschlusses. Außerdem werden durch diese autonome Energieversorgung Fehler durch Netzausfälle oder durch Manipulationen an einer äußeren Energieversorgung vermieden.The time window operation provided in the invention also has the local receiving device uses very little energy. This makes it possible to also use the local receiving device only through an internal, autonomous power source, so a battery to provide energy because that is out electrical power available from such an energy source sufficient to receive during the relationship at very short total operating time. The resulting autonomous energy supply the local receiving device permits their arrangement any suitable place in the building without the Necessity of a network connection. In addition, through this autonomous power supply failure due to power outages or by manipulating an external energy supply avoided.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform besteht darin, daß die Sendeeinrichtung von der Zeitgebereinrichtung jeweils in dem vorbestimmten Zeitfenster zur Übertragung des Verbrauchswertes eingeschaltet wird.A particularly preferred embodiment consists in that the transmitting device from the timer device in each case in the predetermined time window for transmission of the Consumption value is switched on.

Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist gezielt auf jede Empfangsfähigkeit der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung verzichtet, so daß letztere besonders einfach aufgebaut sein kann und keinerlei elektrische Energie für einen Empfangsbetrieb notwendig ist. Vielmehr wird allein durch die interne Zeitgebereinrichtung jeder Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung der Zeitpunkt der Übertragung des Verbrauchswertes bestimmt und die Sendeeinrichtung nur zu diesem Zweck und Zeitpunkt eingeschaltet.In this embodiment, each reception capability is targeted the consumption value detection device is dispensed with, so that the latter can be constructed particularly simply can and no electrical energy for a receiving operation necessary is. Rather, the internal Timer device of each consumption value detection device the time of transfer of the consumption value is determined and the sending device only for this purpose and time switched on.

Alternativ können die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile in einer anderen Ausführungsform in wesentlichen Gesichtspunkten jedoch auch dadurch erreicht werden, daß die Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung einen Signalempfänger mit einer Empfangsbereitschaftsschaltung aufweist, die von der Zeitgebereinrichtung jeweils nur für die Dauer des vorbestimmten Zeitfensters in den Empfangsbereitschaftsbetrieb geschaltet wird, in dem der Signalempfänger ansprechend auf ein externes Abfragesignal die Sendeeinrichtung in ihren Übertragungsbetrieb schaltet.Alternatively, the advantages achieved with the invention in another embodiment in essential respects but can also be achieved in that the Consumption value detection device a signal receiver having a reception standby circuit, which of the timer device only for the duration of the predetermined Time window switched to the standby mode in which the signal receiver is responsive to a external query signal the transmitter in its transmission mode on.

Hierbei ist zwar der bauliche Aufwand jeder Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung durch den Signalempfänger erhöht, doch kann letzterer sehr einfach aufgebaut sein, da er nur das externe Abfragesignal aufnehmen muß. Da der Signalempfänger nur während des vorbestimmten Zeitfensters und dort in Abwesenheit des Abfragesignals nur in seinen Empfangsbereitschaftsbetrieb geschaltet wird, während der Empfangsbetrieb erst beim Eingang des Abfragesignals eingeschaltet wird, läßt sich auch auf diese Weise die für die erfindungsgemäße Ableseeinrichtung maßgebliche Energieeinsparung erreichen. Das vorbestimmte Zeitfenster läßt sich wegen der geringen Energieaufnahme im Empfangsbereitschaftsbetrieb verhältnismäßig geräumig bemessen, so daß auch bei unvermeidlichen Gangungenauigkeiten der Zeitgebereinrichtung im Verlauf der langen Betriebsdauer durch das Abfragesignal ein genauer Sendezeitpunkt für die Verbrauchswerte festgelegt werden kann. Here, the construction effort of each consumption value detection device is admittedly increased by the signal receiver, but the latter can be constructed very simply, since it only the external query signal must record. Because the signal receiver only during the predetermined time window and in there Absence of the interrogation signal only in its standby mode is switched while receiving operation is only switched on when the query signal is received in this way also for the reading device according to the invention achieve significant energy savings. The predetermined time window can be because of the low energy consumption Relative in standby mode spacious, so that even with unavoidable inaccuracies the timer device over the long Operating time through the interrogation signal an exact time of transmission for which consumption values can be set.

Wenngleich die Zeitgeber sowohl der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen als auch der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung des Gebäudes sehr einfach und kostengünstig beispielsweise durch Uhrenquarze stabilisiert werden können, liegt doch über einen Betriebszeitraum von Jahren die Gangungenauigkeit in der Größenordnung von Stunden. Da die Sendezeit jeder Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung für eine einwandfreie Ablesung in das Zeitfenster der betreffenden lokalen Empfangseinrichtung fallen muß, ist daher eine hinreichend geräumige Bemessung zumindest des Zeitfensters der Empfangseinrichtung erforderlich. Doch läßt sich die notwendige Länge des Zeitfensters in einer zweckmäßigen Ausführungsform dadurch herabsetzen, daß die lokale Empfangseinrichtung eine die zeitliche Lage ihres Zeitfensters jeweils in Abhängigkeit von der zeitlichen Lage einer vorangegangenen Verbrauchswert-Übertragung anpassende Einrichtung aufweist. Although the timers of both the consumption value detection devices as well as the local receiving device of the building, for example, very simply and inexpensively can be stabilized by watch crystals but the inaccuracy over an operating period of years on the order of hours. Because the air time every consumption value detection device for a flawless Reading in the time window of the local concerned Receiver must fall, is therefore sufficient spacious dimensioning of at least the time window of the receiving device required. But the necessary length can be of the time window in an expedient embodiment minimize that the local receiving device a the temporal position of their time window depending on on the timing of a previous transfer of consumption values has matching facility.

Hierdurch synchronisiert also die lokale Empfangseinrichtung ihr Zeitfenster mit denjenigen der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen in jeder Ableseperiode erneut aufgrund der durch die zeitlichen Übertragungsverhältnisse der Verbrauchswerte der vorangegangenen Ableseperiode gelieferten Information. Auch bei einem Auseinanderlaufen der verschiedenen Zeitfenster sowohl der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen untereinander als auch gegenüber der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung läßt sich somit eine Minimierung des Bedarfs an Sende- bzw. Empfangsenergie erreichen.This means that the local receiving device synchronizes their time window with that of the consumption value recording devices again in each reading period which is due to the temporal transmission relationships of the Consumption values delivered in the previous meter reading period Information. Even if the different ones diverge Time window of both the consumption value detection devices with each other as well as with the local receiving device thus minimizing the need Reach transmission or reception energy.

Wie bereits erwähnt, kann infolge von Gangungenauigkeiten der Zeitgeber über lange Zeiträume bei zur Ablesung von mehr als einer Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung bestimmten Empfangseinrichtungen nicht erwartet werden, daß die einzelnen Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen ihre gespeicherten Verbrauchswerte zu genau eingehaltenen Zeitpunkten übertragen. Dadurch besteht eine gewisse Wahrscheinlichkeit dafür, daß zwei oder mehr der einer bestimmten lokalen Empfangseinrichtung zugeordneten Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen ihre Verbrauchswerte in sich gegenseitig überlappenden Zeitintervallen übertragen, so daß die zeitlich überlappend übertragenen Verbrauchswerte nicht aufgelöst und nicht richtig erkannt werden können. Diese Störwahrscheinlichkeit läßt sich gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform dadurch auf einen vernachlässigbar kleinen Wert herabsetzen, daß innerhalb des vorbestimmten Zeitfensters jede Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung die Übertragung ihres Verbrauchswertes zumindest einmal wiederholt und daß in der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung die Übernahme der übertragenen Verbrauchswerte nur in Abhängigkeit von einer Fehlerprüfung mittels eines Prüfkodes erfolgt.As already mentioned, may result from inaccuracies in gait the timer for long periods of time for reading determined more than one consumption value detection device Receivers are not expected to be the individual Consumption value detection devices their stored Consumption values at precisely adhered to times transfer. This creates a certain probability for having two or more of a given local receiving facility associated consumption value detection devices their consumption values in mutually overlapping Time intervals are transmitted so that the time overlap transferred consumption values not resolved and cannot be recognized correctly. This probability of interference can be according to an advantageous embodiment thereby reducing it to a negligible small value, that each consumption value detection device within the predetermined time window the transfer of their consumption value repeated at least once and that in the local Receiving device the transfer of the transmitted consumption values only depending on an error check using a verification code.

Senden beispielsweise 100 Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen nach dem Stichtag des Ablesezeitraumes innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitfensters von beispielsweise 24 Stunden je fünfmal ihre jeweiligen Verbrauchswerte während eines Zeitintervalls von 5 Sekunden Dauer aus, so errechnet sich die Wahrscheinlichkeit dafür, daß eine bestimmte, Sendebotschaft irgendeine andere teilweise überlappt, zu etwa 6 %. Damit ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, daß keine der fünf Botschaften einer Erfassungseinrichtung ungestört ankommt, kleiner als 1 : 1 Million. Es ergibt sich unter diesen Umständen selbst bei 100 zu einem einzigen lokalen Empfänger sendenden Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen für die Übertragungssicherheit eine Wahrscheinlichkeit von über 99,99 %. Sollte dennoch das sehr unwahrscheinliche Ereignis eintreten, daß keine der wiederholten Übertragungen zu einem sicheren Empfang geführt hat, wird dies jedenfalls durch die Fehlerprüfung erkannt. Zwar liegt dann in der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung kein gültiger Wert vor, doch ist dies als Ergebnis der Fehlerprüfung erkennbar. In diesen seltenen Fällen kann dann die Ablesung unmittelbar an der betreffenden Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung manuell vorgenommen werden, da in deren Speichereinrichtung der gesuchte Verbrauchswert abgespeichert ist.Send, for example, 100 consumption value detection devices after the key date of the reading period within a certain time window of, for example, 24 hours five times their respective consumption values during one Time interval of 5 seconds duration, is calculated the likelihood of a certain, broadcast message some others partially overlapped, about 6%. So the probability is that none of the five messages arrives undisturbed, smaller than 1: 1 million. It results under these circumstances even at 100 sending to a single local recipient Consumption value detection devices for transmission security a probability of over 99.99%. Should nevertheless the very unlikely event that none of the retransmissions for secure reception has led to this in any case through the error check recognized. It is then in the local receiving device not a valid value, but this is as a result of Error check recognizable. In these rare cases, then the reading directly at the relevant consumption value detection device be made manually, because in their Storage device stores the searched consumption value is.

Bei einer Einrichtung zum Ablesen von Verbrauchswerten mit mehr als einer Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung ist im Rahmen der Erfindung ferner vorgesehen, daß jeder Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung eine Identifikationsnummer zugeordnet ist, die jeweils bei der Übertragung der Verbrauchswerte mitübertragen wird.In a device for reading consumption values with more than one consumption value detection device in the context of the invention further provided that each consumption value detection device an identification number is assigned, each when transferring the consumption values is also transmitted.

Hierdurch wird eine zusätzliche Sicherheit für den Fall geschaffen, daß innerhalb des Gebäudes mehrere lokale Empfangseinrichtungen betrieben werden, denen jeweils zu einer gewissen Gebäudeuntereinheit, beispielsweise Wohneinheit, gehörende Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen zugeordnet sind. Durch die mitgesendeten Identifikationsnummern wird sichergestellt, daß die betreffende lokale Empfangseinrichtung, in der die ihr zugeordneten Identifikationsnummern eingespeichert sind, nur die zu diesen Identifikationsnummern gehörenden Verbrauchswerte annimmt. Vorteilhaft kann dabei jede lokale Empfangseinrichtung derart aufgebaut sein, daß sie anfänglich in einem Lernlauf die zutreffenden Identifikationsnummern selbst einspeichert.This will provide additional security in the event created that several local reception facilities within the building are operated, each one to a certain building subunit, e.g. residential unit, associated consumption value detection devices assigned are. The identification numbers sent along ensure that that the local receiving device in question, in which the identification numbers assigned to it are stored only those belonging to these identification numbers Assumes consumption values. Everyone can be advantageous local receiving device should be constructed so that it initially the relevant identification numbers in a learning run stores itself.

Gemäß einem weiteren Gesichtspunkt der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die lokale Empfangseinrichtung als Zwischenspeicher der übertragenen Daten für die Weiterleitung an eine daran angeschlossene Datenübertragungsstrecke zu einer weiteren Auswerteeinheit dient.According to another aspect of the invention provided that the local receiving device as a buffer the transmitted data for forwarding to a connected data transmission path to another Evaluation unit is used.

Statt einer Ablesung am Ort der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung wird hierdurch also in weitergehender Automatisierung des Ableseverfahrens eine automatische Erfassung für eine große Anzahl von Gebäuden in der zentralen Auswerteeinheit möglich. Als Datenübertragungsstrecke kommen sowohl drahtlose als auch drahtgebundene Systeme in Betracht. Insbesondere steht die bekannte Übertragung mit Modem zur Verfügung.Instead of a reading at the location of the local receiving facility is thus in further automation automatic reading for the reading process a large number of buildings in the central evaluation unit possible. Both come as a data transmission link wireless as well as wired systems. In particular the known transmission with modem is available.

In allen Ausführungsformen, bei denen jede Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung einen deren Betrieb steuernden Mikroprozessor aufweist, läßt sich die Erfindung ganz besonders einfach dadurch verwirklichen, daß die Verbrauchswert-Übertragung durch eine aus der Taktfrequenz des Mikroprozessors abgeleitete und unter Programmsteuerung durch den Mikroprozessor mit dem jeweiligen Verbrauchswert modulierte Trägerfrequenz erfolgt.In all embodiments in which each consumption value detection device one controlling their operation Has microprocessor, the invention can be particularly simply realize that the consumption value transfer by one from the clock frequency of the microprocessor derived and under program control by the Microprocessor modulated with the respective consumption value Carrier frequency takes place.

Insbesondere sind elektronische Heizkostenverteiler von vornherein mit einem Mikroprozessor ausgerüstet. Durch die Gewinnung der Trägerfrequenz direkt aus der Taktfrequenz des Mikroprozessors und die Modulation per Software besteht dann der zusätzliche Aufwand für die Sendeeinrichtung nur noch aus einem Transistor und einem Antennenschwingkreis. In particular, electronic heat cost allocators are from equipped with a microprocessor from the start. Through the Obtaining the carrier frequency directly from the clock frequency of the Microprocessor and the modulation by software then exists the additional effort for the transmission device only from a transistor and an antenna resonant circuit.

Da die Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen, insbesondere Heizkostenverteiler, preiswerte Großseriengeräte sind, ist die Möglichkeit einer nachträglichen einfachen Aufrüstung zu einem fernablesbaren Gerät von besonderer Bedeutung. In diesem Zusammenhang ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß die Sendeeinrichtung als ein in jede Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung einsetzbares Steckmodul ausgebildet ist.Because the consumption value detection devices, in particular Heat cost allocator, inexpensive large series devices is the possibility of a subsequent simple upgrade to a remote-readable device of particular importance. In this context, the invention provides that the transmitting device as one in each consumption value detection device insertable plug-in module is.

Ein besonders wichtiges Anwendungsgebiet der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung stellt das Gebiet der Heizkostenabrechnung dar. Dabei ist die Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung jeweils durch einen in Wärmekontakt an der Oberfläche eines Heizkörpers angeordneten elektronischen Heizkostenverteiler gebildet. Bei dieser Anwendung sind die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile besonders deutlich. Da die Heizkostenverteiler auf den Heizkörperoberflächen angeordnet sind, würde eine drahtgebundene Übertragung des Verbrauchswertes eine sich jeweils vom Heizkörper frei durch den Raum bis zur nächstgelegenen Wand erstreckende Leitung erfordern, was hinsichtlich der Betriebs- und Fälschungssicherheit sowie auch aus optischen Gründen besonders ungünstig ist.A particularly important field of application of the invention Furnishing represents the area of heating billing is the consumption value detection device each by a thermal contact on the surface a radiator arranged electronic heat cost allocator educated. In this application, those with the invention achieved advantages particularly clearly. Because the heat cost allocator are arranged on the radiator surfaces, would be a wired transmission of the consumption value one each freely from the radiator through the room to nearest wall extending pipe require what regards operational and counterfeiting security as well is particularly unfavorable for optical reasons.

Üblicherweise beträgt bei der Heizkostenabrechnung die Ableseperiode jeweils ein Jahr, so daß bei einer unmittelbaren Ablesung der Heizkostenverteiler eine jährliche optische Kontrolle vor Ort stattfindet. Da letztere bei der Fernablesung entfällt, ist gemäß einem weiteren Gedanken der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß jeder Heizkostenverteiler eine eine Störung seiner ordnungsgemäßen Anordnung in Wärmekontakt mit dem Heizkörper registrierende elektromechanische Einrichtung aufweist, deren eine Störung anzeigendes Signal gespeichert und bei der Verbrauchswert-Übertragung mitübertragen wird.This is usually the case for heating billing Reading period one year, so that in the case of an immediate Reading the heat cost allocator an annual optical Control takes place on site. Since the latter in remote reading is eliminated, is according to a further idea of the invention provided that each heat cost allocator a malfunction its proper arrangement in thermal contact with the Radiator-registering electromechanical device, whose signal indicating a fault is stored and is also transmitted during the consumption value transmission.

Die elektromechanische Einrichtung erfaßt also etwaige Manipulationsversuche, wie ein Öffnen oder Demontieren des Heizkostenverteilers, und macht einen derartigen Manipulationsversuch durch das mitübertragene, die Störung anzeigende Signal erkennbar.The electromechanical device thus detects any Attempts at manipulation, such as opening or dismantling the Heat cost allocator, and makes such a manipulation attempt through the transmitted one, indicating the fault Signal recognizable.

Eine in dieser Hinsicht besonders einfach aufgebaute Ausführungsform besteht darin, daß die elektromechanische Einrichtung durch ein Prüfkontakte des Heizkostenverteilers im geschlossenen Zustand seines Gehäuses überbrückendes, beim Öffnen des Gehäuses unterbrechendes Leitgummiteil gebildet ist und das eine Störung anzeigende Signal durch Abfragen der Prüfkontakte gebildet wird.A particularly simple one in this regard Embodiment is that the electromechanical Setup by a test contact of the heat cost allocator in the closed state of its housing bridging when Opening the housing interrupting conductive rubber part formed and the signal indicating a fault by querying the Test contacts is formed.

Wenn bei dieser Ausführungsform das Leitgummiteil infolge einer Entfernung des Heizkostenverteilers von der Heizkörperoberfläche oder infolge eines unbefugten Öffnens des aus einem Vorderteil und einem zum Heizkörper weisenden Rückteil zusammengesetzten Gehäuses die Kontaktgabe zwischen den Prüfkontakten unterbricht, läßt sich dies leicht durch das Abfragen, etwa auch in zeitlichen Abständen von beispielsweise 0,5 Sekunden, mittels der Elektronik des Heizkostenverteilers erfassen. Statt des Zusammenwirkens der Prüfkontakte mit dem Leitgummiteil sind alternativ auch andere Möglichkeiten denkbar, beispielsweise die geeignete Anordnung eines Mikroschalters, dessen Schaltzustand durch Manipulationen geändert wird.If in this embodiment the lead rubber part as a result a removal of the heat cost allocator from the radiator surface or as a result of an unauthorized opening of the of a front part and a back part facing the radiator composite housing the contact between the Interrupts test contacts, this can easily be done by the Queries, for example at intervals of, for example 0.5 seconds, using the electronics of the heat cost allocator to capture. Instead of the interaction of the test contacts with the conductive rubber part are alternatively other options conceivable, for example the suitable arrangement of a microswitch, the switching state changed by manipulation becomes.

Soweit vorstehend der in jeder Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung jeweils gespeicherte und zur Übertragung vorgesehene Verbrauchswert angesprochen ist, muß es sich dabei keinesfalls nur um einen einzelnen Wert handeln. Vielmehr kann dieser Verbrauchswert aus einem Satz mehrerer, beispielsweise in monatlichen Abständen abgespeicherter Einzelwerte bestehen. Die drahtlose Ablesung liefert dann nicht nur einen die gesamte Abrechnungsperiode von beispielsweise einem Jahr wiedergebenden Verbrauchswert, sondern auch monatliche Stützwerte, so daß beispielsweise bei einem Mieterwechsel innerhalb einer Abrechnungsperiode auch eine anteilige Abrechnung, beispielsweise nach Monaten, erfolgen kann. Schließlich wird darauf hingewiesen, daß beispielsweise eine zweitägige Bemessung der Länge des Zeitfensters nach dem Ablesestichpunkt ausreicht, etwaige Gangungenauigkeiten der Zeitgeber auch über hinreichend viele Jahre auszugleichen.So far the above in each consumption value detection device each stored and for transmission intended consumption value is addressed, it must be never just a single value. Much more can this consumption value from a set of several, for example Individual values saved at monthly intervals consist. The wireless reading then not only delivers one the entire accounting period of, for example, one Year reflecting consumption value, but also monthly Basic values so that, for example, if there is a change of tenants a billing period also a proportional billing, for example after months. Finally it is pointed out that, for example, a two-day Dimensioning the length of the time window according to the meter reading point sufficient timing imprecision of the timers even over a sufficient number of years.

Weitere Merkmale, Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung und der einzigen Figur der Zeichnung, auf die bezüglich einer erfindungswesentlichen Offenbarung aller im Text nicht erwähnten Einzelheiten ausdrücklich hingewiesen wird.Further features, details and advantages of the invention result from the following description and the only one Figure of the drawing on which an essential to the invention Revelation of everything not mentioned in the text Details are expressly pointed out.

Die in der Zeichnung dargestellte Einrichtung zum Ablesen von Verbrauchswerten in einem Gebäude anfallender Verbrauchsmengen weist eine an einer geeigneten Stelle des Gebäudes angeordnete lokale Empfangseinrichtung 1 auf, an die eine Anzahl von Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2, im dargestellten Beispiel Heizkostenverteiler, den relativen Wärmeverbrauchsmengen der Heizkörper entsprechende Verbrauchswerte in noch zu erläuternder Weise drahtlos übermitteln. Im Falle der Heizkostenverteiler werden diese relativen Verbrauchswerte aus der an einer bestimmten Stelle der Heizkörperoberfläche herrschenden Temperatur ermittelt, die von dem jeweils an der Oberfläche des betreffenden Heizkörpers in Wärmekontakt festgelegten Heizkostenverteiler gemessen wird. Eine in dem Heizkostenverteiler vorgesehene Elektronik, beispielsweise ein Mikroprozessor, berechnet aus dem gemessenen zeitlichen Temperaturverlauf den Verbrauchswert und speichert ihn jeweils in einer Speichereinrichtung des Heizkostenverteilers ab. Außerdem wird der ermittelte Verbrauchswert auf einer an dem Heizkostenverteiler vorgesehenen Sichtanzeige 3 angezeigt. Die für den Betrieb der Bausteine des Heizkostenverteilers erforderliche elektrische Energie wird von einer in dem Heizkostenverteiler angeordneten Batterie geliefert, so daß dieser von einer äußeren Elektrizitätsversorgung unabhängig ist. Da die Heizkostenverteiler über einen sehr langen Betriebszeitraum, in der Größenordnung von zehn Jahren, betriebsfähig bleiben sollen, muß der für seinen Betrieb erforderliche Stromverbrauch in Ansehung der beschränkten Leistungsfähigkeit der Batterie möglichst klein gehalten werden.The device shown in the drawing for Reading consumption values in a building Consumption amounts have a suitable location of the Building arranged local receiving device 1 to which a number of consumption value detection devices 2, im shown example heat cost allocator, the relative Heat consumption amounts of the radiators corresponding consumption values transmit wirelessly in a manner yet to be explained. In the case of heat cost allocators, these are relative Consumption values from the at a certain point on the radiator surface prevailing temperature determined by which in each case on the surface of the radiator in question Heat contact defined heat cost allocator is measured. Electronics provided in the heat cost allocator, for example a microprocessor calculated from the measured temporal temperature curve the consumption value and saves him each in a storage device of the heat cost allocator from. In addition, the determined consumption value on a visual display provided on the heat cost allocator 3 displayed. The for the operation of the blocks of the heat cost allocator required electrical energy is provided by a battery arranged in the heat cost allocator, so that it is independent of an external electricity supply is. Because the heat cost allocator over a very long Operating period, in the order of ten years, operational must remain, the one required for its operation Electricity consumption considering the limited capacity the battery should be kept as small as possible.

Die durch die Heizkostenverteiler gebildeten Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 weisen jeweils eine Sendeeinrichtung für den jeweils gespeicherten Verbrauchswert auf. Diese Sendeeinrichtung wird jeweils nur innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Zeitfensters, das nur eine im Vergleich zur Gesamtbetriebszeit sehr kurze Zeitdauer aufweist, jeweils nach dem Stichtag eines gewünschten Abrechnungszeitraumes, beispielsweise eines Jahreszeitraumes, durch eine in dem Heizkostenverteiler vorgesehene Zeitgebereinrichtung aktiviert, so daß nur während dieser kurzen Dauer des Zeitfensters ein elektrischer Energieverbrauch der Sendeeinrichtung erfolgt. Innerhalb dieses Zeitfensters überträgt jeder Heizkostenverteiler den in seiner Speichereinrichtung abgespeicherten Verbrauchswert durch Funk an die lokale Empfangseinrichtung 1. Die in der Zeichnung dargestellten Linien zwischen den Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2, d. h. den Heizkostenverteilern, und der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung 1 stellen also keine Drahtverbindung dar, sondern symbolisieren lediglich die Funkverbindung.The consumption value detection devices formed by the heat cost allocators 2 each have one Sending device for the respectively saved consumption value on. This transmitter is only within one predetermined time window, which is only one compared to the total operating time has a very short period, each after the key date of a desired billing period, for example of a year, by one in the heat cost allocator provided timer device activated, so that only during this short duration of the time window electrical energy consumption of the transmitting device takes place. Each heat cost allocator transmits within this time window the consumption value stored in its storage device by radio to the local receiving device 1. The lines shown in the drawing between the consumption value detection devices 2, d. H. the heat cost allocators, and the local receiving device 1 therefore not a wire connection, but merely symbolize the radio link.

Am einfachsten erfolgt die drahtlose Übertragung des Verbrauchswertes in einem rein unidirektionalen Betrieb, in dem der Zeitgeber jeder Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung 2 innerhalb des vorgesehenen Zeitfensters autonom den Sendevorgang einschaltet. Alternativ könnte jede Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung 2 zusätzlich einen einfachen Signalempfänger enthalten, der mit einer Empfangsbereitschaftsschaltung versehen ist, welche innerhalb des vorbestimmten Zeitfensters von dem Zeitgeber in ihren Empfangsbereitschaftsbetrieb geschaltet wird. Das eigentliche Einschalten der Sendeeinrichtung jeder Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung 2 kann dann durch ein während der Dauer des Empfangsbereitschaftsbetriebs per Funk, beispielsweise von der geeignet ausgestatteten lokalen Empfangseinrichtung 1 aus, eingestrahltes Abfragesignal ausgelöst werden, wodurch der Übertragungszeitpunkt der Verbrauchswerte innerhalb des Zeitfensters von außen gesteuert werden kann. Auch bei dieser besonderen Art des bidirektionalen Betriebs kann wegen der verwendeten Zeitfenstertechnik und der Maßnahme des Empfangsbereitschaftsbetriebs die für eine hinreichend lange Gesamtbetriebszeit erforderliche Energieersparnis erreicht werden.The easiest way is wireless transmission of the Consumption value in a purely unidirectional operation, in that of the timer of each consumption value detection device 2 autonomously the transmission process within the intended time window turns. Alternatively, any consumption value detection device could 2 additionally a simple signal receiver included with a standby circuit is provided, which is within the predetermined Time window from the timer in its standby mode is switched. The actual turning on the transmission device of each consumption value detection device 2 can then by a during the period of the standby mode by radio, for example from the suitable equipped local receiving device 1, irradiated Interrogation signal are triggered, causing the transmission time the consumption values within the time window can be controlled from the outside. This one too special type of bidirectional operation can because of Time slot technology used and the measure of the standby mode for a sufficiently long total operating time required energy savings can be achieved.

Allerdings weisen die die Zeitfenster bestimmenden Zeitgeber, die beispielsweise durch die Taktgeneratoren von die Heizkostenverteiler steuernden Mikroprozessoren gegeben sind, auch bei Stabilisierung durch Uhrenquarze Gangungenauigkeiten auf, die bei den vorgesehenen jahrelangen Betriebsdauern eine nennenswerte Größe, beispielsweise in der Größenordnung von Stunden, annehmen. Jedenfalls bei der rein unidirektionalen Betriebsweise kann daher der genaue Übertragungszeitpunkt der Verbrauchswerte nicht festgelegt werden. Daher kann es vorkommen, daß mindestens zwei der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 ihre Verbrauchswerte in zeitlicher Überlappung aussenden, so daß diese beiden Verbrauchswerte von der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung 1 nicht ungestört empfangen werden können. Daher werden die zu übertragenden Verbrauchswerte von jeder Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung 2 innerhalb des Zeitfensters mit zufälliger zeitlicher Verteilung mehrmals ausgesendet. Hierdurch wird die Wahrscheinlichkeit dafür, daß zumindest einmal eine ungestörte Übertragung des Verbrauchswertes jeder Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung 2 erfolgt, so stark erhöht, daß die erforderliche Übertragungssicherheit gewährleistet ist. Die verbleibende sehr kleine Restwahrscheinlichkeit für eine Übertragungsstörung kann in Kauf genommen werden, weil die lokale Empfangseinrichtung 1 die empfangenen Verbrauchswerte unter Zugrundelegung eines Prüfkodes prüft und nur solche Verbrauchswerte als richtig annimmt, die die Prüfung bestanden haben. In dem sehr unwahrscheinlichen Fall, daß die Prüfung nicht bestanden wird, liegt dann zwar kein gültig übertragener Verbrauchswert des betreffenden Heizkostenverteilers vor, doch wird dadurch die Ablesung und Erfassung nicht vollständig vereitelt. Da nämlich der betreffende Verbrauchswert in der Speichereinrichtung der betreffenden Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung 2 jedenfalls gespeichert ist, kann in diesem Ausnahmefall der betreffende Verbrauchswert durch Ablesung oder sonstige Entnahme am Ort der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtung 2 erhoben werden.However, they determine the time window Timers, for example by the clock generators from the microprocessors controlling the heat cost allocators are inaccurate, even when stabilized by watch crystals based on the intended years of operation a significant size, for example in the order of magnitude of hours. At least with the purely unidirectional mode of operation can therefore be the exact time of transmission the consumption values are not specified. It can therefore happen that at least two of the consumption value detection devices 2 their consumption values in time Send overlap so that these two consumption values not undisturbed by the local receiving device 1 can be received. Therefore, the ones to be transferred Consumption values from each consumption value detection device 2 within the time window with random time Distribution sent out several times. This will make the probability that at least once an undisturbed Transmission of the consumption value of each consumption value detection device 2 takes place, increased so much that the required Transmission security is guaranteed. The remaining very small residual probability for one Transmission interference can be accepted because of the local receiving device 1 the received consumption values based on a verification code and only checks Consumption values are correct, which passed the test to have. In the very unlikely event that the exam is not passed, then there is no validly transmitted Consumption value of the relevant heat cost allocator before, but this does not complete the reading and recording thwarted. Because the consumption value in question in the storage device of the relevant consumption value detection device 2 is saved in any case in this exceptional case, the relevant consumption value by reading or other removal at the location of the consumption value recording device 2 will be charged.

Ebenso wie die Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 ist auch die lokale Empfangseinrichtung 1 autonom durch eine interne Energiequelle, d. h. eine geeignete Batterie, mit der zu ihrem Betrieb erforderlichen elektrischen Leistung versorgt. Dies ermöglicht insbesondere deren Montage an den dafür geeigneten Stellen des Gebäudes ohne die Notwendigkeit eines Netzanschlusses und vermeidet auch Betriebs- und Fälschungssicherheitsprobleme infolge Unterbrechungen der äußeren Leistungszufuhr. Zur gebotenen Energieeinsparung weist zweckmäßigerweise auch die lokale Empfangseinrichtung 1 eine Zeitgebereinrichtung auf, durch die ein die Zeitfenster der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 überdeckendes Zeitfenster gesetzt wird, wobei die lokale Empfangseinrichtung 1 nur während dieses Zeitfensters in ihren Empfangsbetrieb geschaltet wird. Wegen der bereits erwähnten unvermeidlichen Gangungenauigkeit der Zeitgeber und zur Ermöglichung einer möglichst kleinen Bemessung der Länge jedes Zeitfensters ist in der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung 1 eine geeignete Einrichtung vorgesehen, die jeweils die zeitliche Lage der Verbrauchswert-Übertragung von den Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 her erfaßt und die zeitliche Lage des Zeitfensters der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung 1 in Abhängigkeit von dieser Erfassung geeignet anpaßt. Auf diese Weise wird die Zeitfensterlage bei jeder Verbrauchswert-Übertragung zwischen der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung 1 und den Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 synchronisiert, wodurch ein schädliches Auseinanderlaufen auch über lange Betriebszeiten sicher verhindert wird.Just like the consumption value detection devices 2 is also the local receiving device 1 autonomous by a internal energy source, d. H. a suitable battery with which electrical power required for their operation. This enables in particular their assembly on the suitable locations of the building without the need a network connection and also avoids operational and counterfeit security problems due to interruptions in the external Power supply. Points to the offered energy saving expediently also the local receiving device 1 Timer device through which a the time window of the Consumption value detection devices 2 covering time window is set, the local receiving device 1 only switched to receive mode during this time window becomes. Because of the inevitable already mentioned Timing inaccuracy and to enable a is the smallest possible dimension of the length of each time window a suitable device in the local receiving device 1 provided, each the temporal location of the consumption value transmission from the consumption value detection devices 2 ago recorded and the temporal position of the time window the local receiving device 1 depending on suitably adjusts to this detection. In this way the Time slot between each consumption value transmission between the local receiving device 1 and the consumption value detection devices 2 synchronized, creating a harmful They also diverge over long periods of operation is safely prevented.

Aus verschiedenen Gründen kann es zweckmäßig sein, nicht alle Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 eines Gebäudes mittels einer einzigen lokalen Empfangseinrichtung 1 abzulesen. Einer dieser Gründe liegt darin, daß die Entfernungen zwischen den Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 und der ihnen zugeordneten lokalen Empfangseinrichtung 1 nicht allzu groß sein dürfen, damit die der Verbrauchswert-Übertragung dienenden Sendeeinrichtungen der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 sowohl im Hinblick auf die Kosten als auch den Energieverbrauch möglichst einfach gehalten werden können. Weitere Gründe sind beispielsweise organisatorischer Art, wonach es etwa zweckmäßig sein kann, für jede Wohneinheit eines Gebäudes eine eigene lokale Empfangseinrichtung 1 für die in dieser Wohneinheit vorgesehenen Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 vorzusehen.For various reasons, it can be useful not all consumption value detection devices 2 of a building by means of a single local receiving device 1 read. One of these reasons is that the distances between the consumption value detection devices 2 and the local receiving device 1 assigned to them may not be too large, so that the consumption value transfer serving transmission devices of the consumption value detection devices 2 both in terms of cost as well as keeping energy consumption as simple as possible can. Other reasons are organizational, for example Kind of what it can be useful for everyone Unit of a building has its own local reception facility 1 for the consumption value recording devices provided in this residential unit 2 to be provided.

Zur Sicherstellung dieser Zuordnung zwischen einer bestimmten lokalen Empfangseinrichtung 1 und den betreffenden Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 ist zweckmäßigerweise jeder der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 eine Identifikationsnummer zugeordnet, die bei der Übertragung der Verbrauchswerte mitübertragen wird. In der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung 1 sind dann jeweils die Identifikationsnummern aller zugeordneten Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen vorgespeichert, so daß letztere durch Vergleich der jeweils empfangenen Identifikationsnummer mit allen vorgespeicherten Identifikationsnummern feststellen kann, ob der betreffende Verbrauchswert zur Übertragung an sie bestimmt ist. Die Einspeicherung der zugeordneten Identifikationsnummern in die betreffende lokale Empfangseinrichtung 1 kann zweckmäßigerweise in einem Lernlauf erfolgen.To ensure this association between a particular local receiving device 1 and the relevant Consumption value detection devices 2 is expedient each of the consumption value detection devices 2 one Identification number assigned when transmitting the Consumption values is also transferred. In the local reception facility 1 are the identification numbers all assigned consumption value detection devices pre-stored so that the latter by comparing each Received identification number with all pre-stored Identification numbers can determine whether the person concerned Consumption value is intended for transmission to them. The saving the assigned identification numbers in the relevant local receiving device 1 can expediently done in a learning run.

Die lokale Empfangseinrichtung 1, die beispielsweise frei zugänglich im Treppenhaus des Gebäudes oder in einem unverschlossenen Eingangsbereich einer ihr zugeordneten Gebäudeeinheit angeordnet sein kann, kann unmittelbar vor Ort abgelesen werden. Der Ableser kann hierzu, wie in der Zeichnung angedeutet, auch mit einem geeignet ausgebildeten Ablesegerät 4 ausgerüstet sein, in das die übertragenen Verbrauchswerte von der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung 1 über ein steckbares Kabel oder auch drahtlos auf optischem oder akustischem Wege ausgelesen werden. Dieses Ablesegerät 4 kann zusätzlich mit einem durch das Bezugszeichen 5 symbolisch angedeuteten Drucker und/oder einer Aufzeichnungseinrichtung 6 zur Aufzeichnung der Verbrauchswerte auf einem Datenträger versehen sein. Alternativ können die übertragenen Verbrauchswerte in der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung 1 auf eine steckbare EEPROM-Karte 8 aufgezeichnet werden, die von dem Ableser mechanisch ausgetauscht wird. In allen Fällen braucht also der Ort, an dem die Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 installiert sind, nicht betreten zu werden.The local receiving device 1, for example freely accessible in the stairwell of the building or in an unlocked one Entrance area of a building unit assigned to it can be arranged, can be read directly on site become. The reader can do this, as in the drawing indicated, also with a suitably trained reading device 4 be equipped in which the transferred consumption values from the local receiving device 1 via a pluggable Cable or wireless, optically or acoustically be read out. This reading device 4 can also with one symbolically indicated by reference number 5 Printer and / or a recording device 6 for recording the consumption values on a data carrier his. Alternatively, the transferred consumption values in the local receiving device 1 on a pluggable EEPROM card 8 are recorded mechanically by the reader is exchanged. In all cases, the place needs to which installed the consumption value detection devices 2 are not to be entered.

Sofern die lokale Empfangseinrichtung 1, beispielsweise zum Schutz gegen anonyme Eingriffe, innerhalb einer abgeschlossenen Wohneinheit angeordnet ist, kommt auch ein Abruf per Funk in Betracht, wobei das mobile Ablesegerät 4 des Ablesers von außerhalb der Wohnung aus einen Funk-Abrufbefehl an die lokale Empfangseinrichtung 1 aussendet und letztere eine Sendeeinrichtung zur weiteren Übertragung der in ihr zwischengespeicherten Verbrauchswerte zu dem Ablesegerät 4 aufweist.If the local receiving device 1, for example to protect against anonymous interference, within a closed Housing unit is arranged, there is also a call by radio, the mobile reader 4 of the reader a radio call command from outside the apartment transmits to the local receiving device 1 and the latter a transmission device for further transmission of the in it temporarily stored consumption values for the reading device 4 having.

Statt einer Ablesung vor Ort bzw. von einer Nahumgebung des Ortes der lokalen Empfangseinrichtung 1 aus kann letztere auch, beispielsweise über ein Bus-System, ein Datennetz oder Funk, innerhalb des Gebäudes an einen zentralen Empfänger 7 angekoppelt sein. Diese Maßnahme ist insbesondere dann zweckmäßig, wenn innerhalb des Gebäudes mehrere lokale Empfangseinrichtungen 1 vorgesehen sind. Neben einer Ablesung am Orte des zentralen Empfängers 7 ist auch eine Datenfernübertragung von dem zentralen Empfänger 7, beispielsweise über Modem, TEMEX oder Funktelefon, zu einer zentralen Verarbeitungseinrichtung möglich. Hierdurch können die fernübertragenen Daten unmittelbar in der zentralen Verarbeitungseinrichtung einer zentralen Auswertung für eine große Anzahl abzulesender Gebäude unterzogen werden.Instead of a reading on site or from a close environment the location of the local receiving device 1 can be the latter also, for example via a bus system, a data network or Radio, within the building to a central receiver 7 be coupled. This measure is particularly useful if there are several local reception facilities within the building 1 are provided. In addition to a reading on site the central receiver 7 is also a remote data transmission from the central receiver 7, for example via modem, TEMEX or radio telephone, to a central processing facility possible. This allows the data to be transmitted remotely directly in the central processing facility central evaluation for a large number of buildings to be read be subjected.

Soweit die Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 durch einen Mikroprozessor gesteuert sind, wie es bei elektronischen Heizkostenverteilern der Fall ist, läßt sich die Sendeeinrichtung besonders einfach verwirklichen. Aus der Taktfrequenz des Mikroprozessors läßt sich unmittelbar die Trägerfrequenz für die Verbrauchswert-Übertragung gewinnen, wobei die Modulation mit den Verbrauchswerten, beispielsweise eine 100-%-Amplituden-Modulation durch Ein- und Ausschalten des Trägers, programmgesteuert erfolgen kann. Gegenüber herkömmlichen Heizkostenverteilern braucht dann nur ein Antennenschwingkreis und ein zusätzlicher Transistor eingebaut zu werden. Vorteilhaft werden diese die Sendeeinrichtung bildenden Bauteile als Steckmodul ausgebildet, so daß eine Nachrüstung herkömmlicher Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 jederzeit leicht möglich ist.As far as the consumption value detection devices 2 are controlled by a microprocessor, as is the case with electronic ones Heat cost allocators is the case, the Realize the transmission device particularly easily. From the Clock frequency of the microprocessor can be directly Gain carrier frequency for the consumption value transmission, where the modulation with the consumption values, for example 100% amplitude modulation by switching on and off of the carrier, can be done programmatically. Compared to conventional ones Heat cost allocators then only need an antenna resonant circuit and an additional transistor built in too become. These advantageously form the transmitter device Components designed as a plug-in module, so that retrofitting conventional consumption value detection devices 2 is easily possible at any time.

Da somit in allen Fällen für die Ablesung ein Zutritt zu den einzelnen Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 nicht erfolgt, entfällt auch die sonst mögliche optische Kontrolle der Unversehrtheit der Verbrauchswert-Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 durch die Ableseperson. Zweckmäßigerweise wird auch dies fernüberwacht. Beispielsweise könnte zu Manipulationszwecken das aus einem zum Heizkörper weisenden Rückteil und einem dem Heizkörper abgewandten Vorderteil zusammengesetzte und durch eine Plombe verschlossene Gehäuse des Heizkostenverteilers für den Versuch einer Verbrauchsfälschung geöffnet werden. Daher sind die Heizkostenverteiler mit einer elektromechanischen Einrichtung versehen, die bei einer Störung der ordnungsgemäßen Anordnung des Heizkostenverteilers in Wärmekontakt mit dem Heizkörper ein elektrisches Signal erzeugt und abspeichert, das bei der Verbrauchswert-Übertragung mitübertragen wird. Dadurch kann auch bei der Fernablesung ein Fälschungsversuch erkannt werden. Eine wegen ihrer Einfachheit nicht besonders dargestellte elektromechanische Einrichtung, die dem gewünschten Zweck genügt, besteht beispielsweise aus einem Leitgummiteil, das bei ordnungsgemäß geschlossenem Zustand des Gehäuses Prüfkontakte des Heizkostenverteilers überbrückt. Beim Öffnen des Gehäuses werden die Prüfkontakte unterbrochen, was beispielsweise durch fortwährendes Abfragen der Prüfkontakte mittels des Mikroprozessors des Heizkostenverteilers in kurzen Zeitabständen erkannt werden kann, so daß das die Störung anzeigende Signal ohne weiteres durch den Mikroprozessor gebildet werden kann.Because in all cases there is access for the reading to the individual consumption value recording devices 2 If this is not done, the otherwise possible visual inspection is also omitted the integrity of the consumption value detection devices 2 by the reader. Expediently this also remotely monitored. For example, for manipulation purposes that from a back facing the radiator and a front part facing away from the radiator and housing of the heat cost allocator sealed by a seal for trying to counterfeit consumption be opened. Therefore, the heat cost allocator with one provided electromechanical device in the event of a fault the correct arrangement of the heat cost allocator an electrical signal in thermal contact with the radiator generated and saved, that in the consumption value transmission is also transmitted. This can also be used for remote reading an attempt at forgery can be detected. One because of her Simplicity electromechanical not particularly shown For example, there is a facility that meets the desired purpose from a conductive rubber part, which if properly closed state of the housing test contacts of the heat cost allocator bridged. When opening the case the test contacts are interrupted, for example by continuous Querying the test contacts using the microprocessor the heat cost allocator at short intervals can be recognized so that the signal indicating the fault can be easily formed by the microprocessor.

Claims (12)

  1. A device for reading off consumption values of consumption quantities produced in a building, more particularly of heat, water or the like, comprising at least one consumption value acquisition device associated with a consumer and a device for communicating the consumption value ascertained by the consumption value acquisition device to a local receiving device (1) of the building which has a timer device, characterised in that the consumption value acquisition device has a storage device for the particular consumption value acquired, a timer device and an internal electrical energy source supplying its electrical power requirement, in that the communication device is a transmitter device arranged in the consumption value acquisition device (2) for wirelessly communicating the particular consumption value stored, in that the electrical energy supply of the transmitter device is disconnected by the timer device in each case outside the period of a preset time slot which in terms of time is soon after the qualifying date of a desired accounting period and in which the consumption value is communicated, and the transmitter device is only activated within the period of this time slot, and in that the local receiving device (1) is switched by its timer device into its receiving operation only within the period of a time slot matched to the preset time slot of the transmitter device.
  2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the transmitter device is switched on by the timer device in each case in the preset time slot to communicate the consumption value.
  3. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the consumption value acquisition device (2) has a signal receiver with a ready-to-receive circuit which is switched by the timer device into ready-to-receive operation in each case only for the period of the preset time slot in which the signal receiver, responding to an external interrogation signal, switches the transmitter device into its communication operation.
  4. A device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the local receiving device (1) has a device adapting the position with respect to time of its time slot in each case in dependence on the position with respect to time of a preceding consumption value transmission.
  5. A device according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising more than one consumption value acquisition device (2), characterised in that to each consumption value acquisition device (2) is allocated an identification number which is transmitted at the same time with each transmission of the consumption values.
  6. A device according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising more than one consumption value acquisition device (2), characterised in that within the preset time slot each consumption value acquisition device (2) repeats the transmission of its consumption value at least once, and in that in the local receiving device (1) the transmitted consumption values are only accepted subject to an error check by means of a check code.
  7. A device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the local receiving device (1) serves as an intermediate store of the transmitted data for passing on to a data transfer link connected thereto to a further evaluating unit (4 or 7).
  8. A device according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which each consumption value acquisition device (2) has a microprocessor controlling its operation, characterised in that the consumption value transmission takes place by means of a carrier frequency derived from the clock frequency of the microprocessor and, under program control by means of the microprocessor, modulated with the particular consumption value.
  9. A device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the transmitter device is entirely or in part a plug-in module which may be inserted into each consumption value acquisition device (2).
  10. A device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the consumption value acquisition device (2) is formed in each case by an electronic heating cost distributor board positioned in thermal contact on the surface of a heating element.
  11. A device according to claim 10, characterised in that each heating cost distributor board has an electromechanical device registering a fault in its proper position in thermal contact with the heating element, of which the signal indicating a fault is stored and is transmitted at the same time as the consumption value transmission.
  12. A device according to claim 11, characterised in that the electromechanical device is formed by a conducting rubber part bridging checking contacts of the heating cost distributor board when its housing is in the closed state and disconnecting them when the housing is opened, and the signal indicating a fault is formed by interrogating the checking contacts.
EP94900071A 1992-10-19 1993-10-19 Installation for reading the consumption figures for various consumption quantities in a building Expired - Lifetime EP0664915B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4235187A DE4235187A1 (en) 1992-10-19 1992-10-19 Device for reading consumption values occurring in a building
DE4235187 1992-10-19
PCT/EP1993/002889 WO1994009464A1 (en) 1992-10-19 1993-10-19 Installation for reading the consumption figures for various consumption quantities in a building

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EP0664915A1 EP0664915A1 (en) 1995-08-02
EP0664915B1 true EP0664915B1 (en) 2002-01-09

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EP94900071A Expired - Lifetime EP0664915B1 (en) 1992-10-19 1993-10-19 Installation for reading the consumption figures for various consumption quantities in a building

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EP (1) EP0664915B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE211846T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4235187A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0664915T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1994009464A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0664915A1 (en) 1995-08-02
DE4235187A1 (en) 1994-04-21
DK0664915T3 (en) 2002-03-11
WO1994009464A1 (en) 1994-04-28
ATE211846T1 (en) 2002-01-15
DE59310258D1 (en) 2002-02-14

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