EP0664373B1 - Werkzeug und Verfahren zum Bohren ohne Erdaustrag und Füllen des Bohrloches mit Beton - Google Patents

Werkzeug und Verfahren zum Bohren ohne Erdaustrag und Füllen des Bohrloches mit Beton Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0664373B1
EP0664373B1 EP95100599A EP95100599A EP0664373B1 EP 0664373 B1 EP0664373 B1 EP 0664373B1 EP 95100599 A EP95100599 A EP 95100599A EP 95100599 A EP95100599 A EP 95100599A EP 0664373 B1 EP0664373 B1 EP 0664373B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
borehole
tool
boring
longitudinal axis
roller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95100599A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0664373A2 (de
EP0664373A3 (de
Inventor
Marco Pedrelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Soilmec SpA
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Soilmec SpA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0664373A2 publication Critical patent/EP0664373A2/de
Publication of EP0664373A3 publication Critical patent/EP0664373A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0664373B1 publication Critical patent/EP0664373B1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/36—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making without use of mouldpipes or other moulds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/26—Drilling without earth removal, e.g. with self-propelled burrowing devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/083—Roller bits with longitudinal axis, e.g. wobbling or nutating roller bit
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/20—Roller bits characterised by detachable or adjustable parts, e.g. legs or axles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to the field of soil boring, particularly for constructing foundation piles. More particularly, the invention relates to a tool and method of boring and filling the borehole with concrete without removing soil therefrom.
  • Method (a) of cast-in-place driven piles makes use of a metal tube, temporarily closed at its bottom end, that is driven into the ground by striking or vibrating. Driving the tube causes the surrounding soil to tamp, thereby improving mechanical characteristics of the soil, particularly bearing capacity. Reinforcement is lowered into the tube and then concrete is cast. The tube is then extracted while struck or vibrated in order to get the concrete to set properly and adhere intimately to the soil.
  • the method (b) of drilling large diameter piles employs a large rotating tool that removes and scoops portions of soil.
  • the tool is cyclically extracted from the borehole to discharge soil fragments on the surface and then return to bore.
  • soil surrounding the borehole tends to decompress and collapse, it often has to be the supported by a temporary casing or by the buoyancy of water or special impermeabilizing slurry.
  • Being more simple, dry boring is preferred to the slurry method and applied when possible.
  • Reinforcement is lowered into the borehole and then concrete is delivered through a hose from the bottom of the borehole preventing it from mixing with the drilling slurry.
  • auger boring method (c) a screw-like tool long as the desired borehole is screwed into the ground, breaking the soil and making part of it rise to the surface.
  • the soil is partially compressed or decompressed, according to its nature and the boring method.
  • the surrounding soil is generally sustained by the soil in the spiral of the concrete is usually pumped through the hollow core of the auger while this is extracted. Care must be taken not to leave gaps between the concrete and the auger to avoid caving in.
  • the reinforcement is sunk into the concrete successively.
  • the method (b) of drilling large diameter piles requires special apparatuses and operators for casting the concrete and eventually make use of Bentonite slurry.
  • this method allows to construct piles having a diameter of over 2 meters and a depth of up to 80 meters, owing to the use of telescopic drilling rods, that cannot be used with methods (a) and (c).
  • the European Patent Application No. 0 044 817 and the United States Patent No. 2,168,640 describe relevant boring and drilling tools, which are adapted to be mounted to the lower end of a rod string rotating about its longitudinal axis, and comprise a central axle connected to the rod string, and a roller idly mounted respect to the central axle, and having a spindle-shaped side surface tapered at its upper and lower end portions, the central axle having its longitudinal axis coincident with an axis inclined respect to the longitudinal axis, and the lower end portion being fitted with cutting means for disgregating soil.
  • the cited boring tools have been able to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, but they showed their limitations in the penetration capacity, and, first of all, in the strengthening capacity of the carrying out borehole.
  • a method of constructing concrete foundation piles by using a boring tool mounted to the lower end of a string of rods rotating about their longitudinal axis and advancing in the direction of said longitudinal axis so as to disgregate the soil at the bottom of the borehole by means of cutting means, thereby providing a substantially cylindrical borehole; the method being characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
  • concrete is continuously cast in the borehole so as to keep the borehole filled with concrete during boring operations, whereby the side wall of the borehole is prevented form collapsing.
  • numeral 10 designates overall a boring tool according to the present invention.
  • Tool 10 is securely mounted to the lower end portion of a drilling rod 11 having its longitudinal axis oriented substantially vertical.
  • Rod 11 is the lowest of a rod string (not shown) connected to an equipment located up on the surface for driving the rod string according to a combined movement of rotation and vertical advancement with respect to axis x.
  • Such an equipment of conventional kind, is not shown herein nor described, as being well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Tool 10 comprises a spindle-shaped roller 12 idly mounted to a central cylindrical axle 13, the geometrical axis y of which is suitably inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis x of rod 11. Inclination of cylindrical axle 13 is attained by means of a crank member 14 connecting the lower end portion of rod 11 to the cylindrical axle 13.
  • Roller 12 is spindle-shaped or barrel-shaped, being wider in its median portion 12c and slightly tapered at its upper and lower end portions 12a, 12b, respectively. At its lower end, roller 12 forms a conical bit 15.
  • axis y of fusiform member 12 intercepts drilling axis x diagonally, so that when the rod are spinning, the spindle rotates about its own longitudinal axis and rolls on the walls of the borehole, while its longitudinal axis y traces two opposed vertex cones according to a so called nutation movement.
  • the sharp bit 15 of the spindle removes the soil by rotating, while its barrel-shaped surface rolls the walls 17 of the borehole. More particularly, the borehole is progressively widened by the lateral surface of the roller. In its downward movement, the borehole is first widened according to the circle described by the lower end portion 12b, and then is further widened as it encounters the larger median portion 12c. Consequently, the soil surrounding the borehole gets compacted.
  • crank member 14 The particular shape of crank member 14, the end portions 14a, 14b of which are respectively oriented according to axes x and y, has the following two purposes:
  • the boring tool 10 is of very simple construction.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment wherein, a secondary, substantially cylindrical roller 16 is mounted idle and eccentric to crank member 14'.
  • the longitudinal axis z of eccentric roller 16 is substantially parallel to the boring axis x.
  • Secondary roller 16 has the purpose of carrying out a further action of compacting the wall 17 of the borehole to improve self-supporting thereof.
  • FIG. 2 shows the effect of the tool on the soil: by rotating and advancing vertically, bit 15 creates a circular groove 18 on the bottom of the borehole, which is widened later by the median and upper portions of roller 12.
  • secondary roller 16 gives the borehole its definitive diameter.
  • the boring tool of the present invention there are provided several secondary rollers, fitted above the spindle-shaped roller.
  • the secondary rollers are angularly shifted around the boring axis for reasons of balance.
  • FIG. 3 shows one of many possibilities of providing the rollers with further boring means, such as bit fins 19, spiral-shaped protrusions, projecting knobs 20, etc., with an aim to improve adherence to the walls of the borehole or enhance disgregating action on the bottom of the borehole.
  • further boring means such as bit fins 19, spiral-shaped protrusions, projecting knobs 20, etc.
  • a fourth embodiment of the boring tool provides the conical bit 15 integral with the cylindrical axle 13 about which the roller can rotate.
  • the roller can also slide lengthwise with respect to axle 13.
  • roller 12 is a hollow shell having upper and lower openings 28, 29, communicating through the inside of the shell.
  • Shell 21 is fixedly connected to a central bushing 31 through arms or other rigid connecting members 30.
  • Bushing 31 is free to rotate, with shell 21, about axle 13 and slide along this between upper and lower stopping means 32, 33.
  • Lower stopping means 33 is formed by the upper portion of conical bit 15.
  • Rigid connecting members 30 determine a plurality of passages adapted to let a flow enter upper opening 28, pass through the inside of shell 21 and exit through lower opening 29.
  • the shape and arrangement shown of connecting members 30 is purely illustrative.
  • the overall cross section of the connecting members is a small percentage of the whole cross section of shell 21.
  • shell 21 By sliding on axle 13, when a downwardly directed thrust is applied to the tool during boring operations, shell 21 reaches the arrangement shown in FIG. 4, where the roller is urged upwardly abutting its upper stopping means 32 and conical bit 15 closes the lower opening 29.
  • conical bit 15 retracts within the hollow shell (FIG. 5) opening lower opening 29 and allowing passage of a fluid, such as concrete or similar matter, from the zone of the borehole above the tool to the zone underneath.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 a further embodiment of the boring tool of this invention is shown wherein the spindle-shaped roller 12 incorporates the bit 15 and is crossed lengthwise by one or more inner passages 23 having lower ports 24. During boring operations, ports 24 are closed by a conical cap 22 covering bit 15 underneath. During the following phase of extraction of the tool (FIG. 7), cap 22 is left at the bottom of the borehole while a fluid (grout) filling the borehole passes from above the tool to underneath through passages 23.
  • a fluid (grout) filling the borehole passes from above the tool to underneath through passages 23.
  • the lower ports 24 of passages 23 are each fitted with a closing cover 25.
  • the upper portions 27 of closing covers 25 are hinged to the body of roller 12 so that during boring operations covers 25 seal passages 23 (as shown on the left cross-sectioned side of FIG. 8).
  • covers 25 rotate about hinges 27 and open (position 26, right side of FIG. 8) thereby allowing flow of the material filling the borehole.
  • the boring tool previously described can be used according to different preferred methods, some of which are described by way of example hereinafter.
  • the tool 10 is driven vertically against the soil as it spins.
  • the tool perforates the bottom of the borehole and rolls on its walls.
  • the dry boring method is destined to be efficient and inexpensive for many kinds of soil.
  • the reinforcement can be lowered down the borehole and casting is carried out as described in the preamble with reference to method (b) of large diameter drilled foundation piles.
  • a second method herein called "coated boring” may be used.
  • This method includes continuous introduction of small amounts of binder material that is progressively compresses by the rollers against the walls. The result is a concrete coating on the walls of the borehole.
  • the coating that is formed on the walls renders them steady in a short time and extends possibilities of dry boring.
  • a third possible method is "concrete boring", which is ideal with particularly unstable kinds of soil. As the boring proceeds, concrete is continuously poured into the borehole to keep it full. Hydraulic thrust of the concrete prevents the walls from collapsing, while part of the concrete is incorporated into the walls by rolling. Once the tool is extracted, the reinforcement is lowered into the concrete in a manner similar to what is actually done in the cited method (c) of auger boring.
  • roller tool according to the present invention provides a number of advantages:
  • Another minor advantage is the reduction of site cleaning expenses as well as problems due to the presence of mud on the site.
  • the provision of the boring of this invention with telescopic rod drilling machines offers the possibility of reaching 50-60 meters of depth and more, where the soil allows it.
  • the methods of this invention can provide boreholes three times deeper. With the same torque available, the borehole diameter can be much larger because lateral friction is considerably reduced and driving power is concentrated on the portion of the tool which is actually excavating. Moreover, there are no difficulties with fitting the reinforcement, where it is possible to carry out the dry boring method.
  • the upper tapered portion 12a of the roller facilitates introduction of binder into the borehole and renders the final extraction of the tool easier.
  • the tool of this invention is adapted for application to current drilling plants without having to be modified.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Bohrgerät (10), insbesondere zur Verwendung beim Betonfundament-Pfahlbau, angepaßt zur Befestigung am unteren Ende eines Stangenstrangs (11), der um seine Längsachse (x) rotiert und entlang dieser Achse (x) vorgetrieben wird, umfassend: eine zentrale Welle (13), deren Längsachse mit einer Achse (y) zusammenfällt, die in Bezug auf die Längsachse (x) geneigt ist, und mindestens eine Walze (12), die in Bezug sowohl auf die Stange (11) und die Welle (13) leerlaufend befestigt und um die Achse (y) verdrehbar ist und eine spindelförmige Seitenoberfläche aufweist, die an ihren oberen (12 a) und unteren (12 b) Endstücken verjüngt ist, um die Form einer Trommel zu ergeben, deren maximaler Durchmesser im Mittelteil (12 c) liegt, wobei die oberen (12 a) und die unteren (12 b) Endstücke an gegenüberliegenden Seiten in Bezug auf die Längsachse (x) angeordnet sind und das untere (12 b) Ende mit Schneidmitteln (15, 19) zum Auflockern von Erdboden ausgestattet ist, und mit einer konischen Bohrerspitze (15) endet, wobei das Bohrgerät (10)
    dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß es ferner eine gekrümmtes oder kurbelartiges Teil (14, 14') umfaßt, welches zwischen der Stange (11) und der zentralen Welle (13) angeordnet ist und ein oberes Endstück (14 a), das mit der Stange (11) verbunden ist, und ein unteres Endstück (14 b) aufweist, wobei das obere Endstück (14 a) so wie die Längsachse (x) orientiert ist, das untere Endstück (14 b) bezüglich der Achse (x) exzentrisch ist und so wie die geneigte Achse (y) orientiert ist, um zu vermeiden, daß das Bohrgerät (10) Boden aus dem Bohrloch entfernt.
  2. Gerät nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine zweite, im wesentlichen zylindrische Walze (16) am Kurbelteil (14') befestigt ist, wobei die zweite Walze eine Längsachse (z) aufweist, die von der Längsachse (x) räumlich entfernt und im wesentlich parallel dazu ist.
  3. Gerät nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß innerhalb der Walze (12) mindestens ein längsseitiger Durchgang (34, 23) vorgegeben ist, der mit der oberen Zone des Bohrlochs oberhalb des Gerätes und der unteren Zone unter dem Bohrgerät (10) in Verbindung steht, und der Durchgang mit zumindest einem entsprechenden Verschlußmittel (15, 22, 25) ausgestattet ist, welches angepaßt ist, um den Durchgang zu verschließen, wenn das Gerät eine Bohrung durchführt und um den Durchgang offenzuhalten, wenn das Gerät durch das Bohrloch angehoben wird, wobei einer Flüssigkeit erlaubt wird, durch diesen zumindest einen Durchgang aus der oberen Zone zur unteren Zone zu fließen.
  4. Werkzeug gemäß Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Walze ein äußeres Gehäuse (21) umfaßt, welches verschiebbar auf einer zentralen Welle (13) befestigt ist, die an der unteren Stange (11) fixiert ist, wobei die Welle eine Längsachse aufweist, die mit der geneigten Achse (y) zusammenfällt, und die Verschlußmittel aus einer unteren Bohrerspitze (15) bestehen, die in die zentrale Welle (13) eingebaut ist.
  5. Werkzeug gemäß Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mindestens eine innere Durchgang (23) eine untere Öffnung (24) aufweist, die auf der konischen Bohrerspitze (15) lokalisiert ist, und die Verschlußmittel aus einer einzelnen festen Kappe (22) bestehen, welche deckungsgleich mit der Bohrerspitze (15) ist, wobei die Kappe nur dafür vorgesehen ist, während der Bohrvorgänge die Öffnung (24) von unten zu bedecken und in dem Bohrloch zurückgelassen zu werden, wenn das Bohrgerät aus dem Bohrloch herausgezogen wird.
  6. Gerät gemäß Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mindestens eine innere Durchgang (23) eine untere Öffnung (24) aufweist, die auf der konischen Bohrerspitze (15) lokalisiert ist, und die Verschlußmittel aus einer Verschlußabdechung (25) bestehen, die an der Walze (12) befestigt (27) ist, und in der Lage ist, eine erste Verschlußstellung zum Verschließen der Öffnung (24) während der Bohrvorgänge einzunehmen und eine zweite offene Stellung, wenn das Bohrgerät aus dem Bohrloch herausgezogen wird.
  7. Verfahren zum Bau von Betonfundament-Pfählen unter Verwendung eines Bohrgerätes (10) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Bohrgerät am unteren Ende eines Strangs von Stangen (11) befestigt ist, die sich um ihre Längsachse (x) drehen und sich in Richtung der Längsachse (x) vorwärts bewegen, um so den Boden am unteren Ende des Bohrlochs durch Schneidmittel (15, 19) aufzulockern, wobei sie dadurch ein im wesentlichen zylindrisches Bohrloch gewährleisten, und das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß es die folgenden Schritte umfaßt:
    Erweitern der Seitenwand (17) des Bohrlochs durch Walzen der seitlichen Oberfläche (12) des Bohrgeräts (10) an der Wand, wobei der das Bohrloch umgebende Boden verfestigt wird;
    kontinuierliches Einführen kleiner Mengen von Bindemittel in das Bohrloch oberhalb des Geräts, fortschreitendes Andrücken des Bindemittels gegen die Seitenwand des Bohrlochs mittels des Bohrgeräts (10), wobei ein Bohrloch mit einer festen Umhüllung gewährleistet wird.
  8. Verfahren gemaß Anspruch 7, wobei Beton kontinuierlich in das Bohrloch gegossen wird, um so das Bohrloch während der Bohrvorgänge mit Beton gefüllt zu halten, wodurch vermieden wird, daß die Seitenwand des Bohrlochs kollabiert.
  9. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ferner den Schritt umfaßt, während der Phase, in der das Gerät aus dem Bohrloch herausgezogen wird, mindestens einen längsseitigen Durchgang (34, 23) durch das Gerät zu öffnen, um so einem Fluß des Bindemittels zu erlauben, durch das Gerät von der Zone oberhalb des Gerätes zur Zone darunter hindurchzugehen.
EP95100599A 1994-01-21 1995-01-18 Werkzeug und Verfahren zum Bohren ohne Erdaustrag und Füllen des Bohrloches mit Beton Expired - Lifetime EP0664373B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO940029 1994-01-21
IT94TO000029A IT1267990B1 (it) 1994-01-21 1994-01-21 Utensile e metodo per la realizzazione di scavi senza asportazione del terreno e loro riempimento con calcestruzzo.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0664373A2 EP0664373A2 (de) 1995-07-26
EP0664373A3 EP0664373A3 (de) 1996-04-24
EP0664373B1 true EP0664373B1 (de) 2000-05-17

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EP95100599A Expired - Lifetime EP0664373B1 (de) 1994-01-21 1995-01-18 Werkzeug und Verfahren zum Bohren ohne Erdaustrag und Füllen des Bohrloches mit Beton

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EP (1) EP0664373B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69516915T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2146669T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1267990B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1404943B1 (it) 2010-06-14 2013-12-09 Soilmec Spa Dispositivo e metodo di perforazione a costipamento di terreno.
ITTO20110695A1 (it) * 2011-07-29 2013-01-30 Soilmec Spa Utensile costipatore assiale.

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2168640A (en) * 1937-04-29 1939-08-08 Grant John Rotary-drill well bit
US4154312A (en) * 1977-05-26 1979-05-15 Eduardo Barnetche Drill bit with single cutting head
EP0044817A3 (de) * 1980-07-23 1982-08-25 René Treyvaud Bohrkrone
JPS6016614A (ja) * 1983-07-07 1985-01-28 Nippon Concrete Kogyo Kk 杭孔の圧密用掘削体

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ITTO940029A1 (it) 1995-07-21
DE69516915D1 (de) 2000-06-21
EP0664373A2 (de) 1995-07-26
IT1267990B1 (it) 1997-02-20
ES2146669T3 (es) 2000-08-16
ITTO940029A0 (it) 1994-01-21
DE69516915T2 (de) 2001-02-08
EP0664373A3 (de) 1996-04-24

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