EP0664373A2 - Werkzeug und Verfahren zum Bohren ohne Erdaustrag und Füllen des Bohrloches mit Beton - Google Patents
Werkzeug und Verfahren zum Bohren ohne Erdaustrag und Füllen des Bohrloches mit Beton Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0664373A2 EP0664373A2 EP95100599A EP95100599A EP0664373A2 EP 0664373 A2 EP0664373 A2 EP 0664373A2 EP 95100599 A EP95100599 A EP 95100599A EP 95100599 A EP95100599 A EP 95100599A EP 0664373 A2 EP0664373 A2 EP 0664373A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- borehole
- roller
- boring
- longitudinal axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007613 slurry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/36—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making without use of mouldpipes or other moulds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/26—Drilling without earth removal, e.g. with self-propelled burrowing devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
- E21B10/083—Roller bits with longitudinal axis, e.g. wobbling or nutating roller bit
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
- E21B10/20—Roller bits characterised by detachable or adjustable parts, e.g. legs or axles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
Definitions
- the present invention pertains to the field of soil boring, particularly for constructing foundation piles. More particularly, the invention relates to a tool and method of boring and filling the borehole with concrete without removing soil therefrom.
- Method (a) of cast-in-place driven piles makes use of a metal tube, temporarily closed at its bottom end, that is driven into the ground by striking or vibrating. Driving the tube causes the surrounding soil to tamp, thereby improving mechanical characteristics of the soil, particularly bearing capacity. Reinforcement is lowered into the tube and then concrete is cast. The tube is then extracted while struck or vibrated in order to get the concrete to set properly and adhere intimately to the soil.
- the method (b) of drilling large diameter piles employs a large rotating tool that removes and scoops portions of soil.
- the tool is cyclically extracted from the borehole to discharge soil fragments on the surface and then return to bore.
- soil surrounding the borehole tends to decompress and collapse, it often has to be the supported by a temporary casing or by the buoyancy of water or special impermeabilizing slurry.
- Being more simple, dry boring is preferred to the slurry method and applied when possible.
- Reinforcement is lowered into the borehole and then concrete is delivered through a hose from the bottom of the borehole preventing it from mixing with the drilling slurry.
- auger boring method (c) a screw-like tool long as the desired borehole is screwed into the ground, breaking the soil and making part of it rise to the surface.
- the soil is partially compressed or decompressed, according to its nature and the boring method.
- the surrounding soil is generally sustained by the soil in the spiral of the concrete is usually pumped through the hollow core of the auger while this is extracted. Care must be taken not to leave gaps between the concrete and the auger to avoid caving in.
- the reinforcement is sunk into the concrete successively.
- the method (b) of drilling large diameter piles requires special apparatuses and operators for casting the concrete and eventually make use of Bentonite slurry.
- this method allows to construct piles having a diameter of over 2 meters and a depth of up to 80 meters, owing to the use of telescopic drilling rods, that cannot be used with methods (a) and (c).
- a boring tool particularly for use in concrete foundation pile construction, adapted for mounting to the lower end of a rod string rotating about its longitudinal axis and advancing along said axis, characterized in that it comprises at least one roller idly mounted with respect to said rods and rotatable about an axis inclined with respect to said longitudinal axis; the roller having end portions located on opposite sides with respect to said longitudinal axis.
- a method of constructing concrete foundation piles by using a boring tool mounted to the lower end of a string of rods rotating about their longitudinal axis and advancing in the direction of said longitudinal axis so as to disgregate the soil at the bottom of the borehole by means of cutting means, thereby providing a substantially cylindrical borehole; the method being characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
- concrete is continuously cast in the borehole so as to keep the borehole filled with concrete during boring operations, whereby the side wall of the borehole is prevented form collapsing.
- numeral 10 designates overall a boring tool according to the present invention.
- Tool 10 is securely mounted to the lower end portion of a drilling rod 11 having its longitudinal axis oriented substantially vertical.
- Rod 11 is the lowest of a rod string (not shown) connected to an equipment located up on the surface for driving the rod string according to a combined movement of rotation and vertical advancement with respect to axis x.
- Such an equipment of conventional kind, is not shown herein nor described, as being well known to those skilled in the art.
- Tool 10 comprises a spindle-shaped roller 12 idly mounted to a central cylindrical axle 13, the geometrical axis y of which is suitably inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis x of rod 11. Inclination of cylindrical axle 13 is attained by means of a crank member 14 connecting the lower end portion of rod 11 to the cylindrical axle 13.
- Roller 12 is fuse-like or barrel-shaped, being wider in its median portion 12c and slightly tapered at its upper and lower end portions 12a, 12b, respectively. At its lower end, roller 12 forms a conical bit 15.
- axis y of fuse member 12 intercepts drilling axis x diagonally, so that when the rod are spinning, the fuse rotates about its own longitudinal axis and rolls on the walls of the borehole, while its longitudinal axis y traces two opposed vertex cones according to a so called nutation movement.
- the sharp bit 15 of the fuse removes the soil by rotating, while its barrel-shaped surface rolls the walls 17 of the borehole. More particularly, the borehole is progressively widened by the lateral surface of the roller. In its downward movement, the borehole is first widened according to the circle described by the lower end portion 12b, and then is further widened as it encounters the larger median portion 12c. Consequently, the soil surrounding the borehole gets compacted.
- crank member 14 The particular shape of crank member 14, the end portions 14a, 14b of which are respectively oriented according to axes x and y, has the following two purposes:
- the boring tool 10 is of very simple construction.
- FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment wherein, a secondary, substantially cylindrical roller 16 is mounted idle and eccentric to crank member 14'.
- the longitudinal axis z of eccentric roller 16 is substantially parallel to the boring axis x.
- Secondary roller 16 has the purpose of carrying out a further action of compacting the wall 17 of the borehole to improve self-supporting thereof.
- FIG. 2 shows the effect of the tool on the soil: by rotating and advancing vertically, bit 15 creates a circular groove 18 on the bottom of the borehole, which is widened later by the median and upper portions of roller 12.
- secondary roller 16 gives the borehole its definitive diameter.
- the boring tool of the present invention there are provided several secondary rollers, fitted above the fuse-shaped roller.
- the secondary rollers are angularly shifted around the boring axis for reasons of balance.
- FIG. 3 shows one of many possibilities of providing the rollers with further boring means, such as bit fins 19, spiral-shaped protrusions, projecting knobs 20, etc., with an aim to improve adherence to the walls of the borehole or enhance disgregating action on the bottom of the borehole.
- further boring means such as bit fins 19, spiral-shaped protrusions, projecting knobs 20, etc.
- a fourth embodiment of the boring tool provides the conical bit 15 integral with the cylindrical axle 13 about which the roller can rotate.
- the roller can also slide lengthwise with respect to axle 13.
- roller 12 is a hollow shell having upper and lower openings 28, 29, communicating through the inside of the shell.
- Shell 21 is fixedly connected to a central bushing 31 through arms or other rigid connecting members 30.
- Bushing 31 is free to rotate, with shell 21, about axle 13 and slide along this between upper and lower stopping means 32, 33.
- Lower stopping means 33 is formed by the upper portion of conical bit 15.
- Rigid connecting members 30 determine a plurality of passages adapted to let a flow enter upper opening 28, pass through the inside of shell 21 and exit through lower opening 29.
- the shape and arrangement shown of connecting members 30 is purely illustrative.
- the overall cross section of the connecting members is a small percentage of the whole cross section of shell 21.
- shell 21 By sliding on axle 13, when a downwardly directed thrust is applied to the tool during boring operations, shell 21 reaches the arrangement shown in FIG. 4, where the roller is urged upwardly abutting its upper stopping means 32 and conical bit 15 closes the lower opening 29.
- conical bit 15 retracts within the hollow shell (FIG. 5) opening lower opening 29 and allowing passage of a fluid, such as concrete or similar matter, from the zone of the borehole above the tool to the zone underneath.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 a further embodiment of the boring tool of this invention is shown wherein the fuse-like roller 12 incorporates the bit 15 and is crossed lengthwise by one or more inner passages 23 having lower ports 24.
- ports 24 are closed by a conical cap 22 covering bit 15 underneath.
- cap 22 is left at the bottom of the borehole while a fluid (grout) filling the borehole passes from above the tool to underneath through passages 23.
- the lower ports 24 of passages 23 are each fitted with a closing cover 25.
- the upper portions 27 of closing covers 25 are hinged to the body of roller 12 so that during boring operations covers 25 seal passages 23 (as shown on the left cross-sectioned side of FIG. 8).
- covers 25 rotate about hinges 27 and open (position 26, right side of FIG. 8) thereby allowing flow of the material filling the borehole.
- the boring tool previously described can be used according to different preferred methods, some of which are described by way of example hereinafter.
- the tool 10 is driven vertically against the soil as it spins.
- the tool perforates the bottom of the borehole and rolls on its walls.
- the dry boring method is destined to be efficient and inexpensive for many kinds of soil.
- the reinforcement can be lowered down the borehole and casting is carried out as described in the preamble with reference to method (b) of large diameter drilled foundation piles.
- a second method herein called "coated boring” may be used.
- This method includes continuous introduction of small amounts of binder material that is progressively compresses by the rollers against the walls. The result is a concrete coating on the walls of the borehole.
- the coating that is formed on the walls renders them steady in a short time and extends possibilities of dry boring.
- a third possible method is "concrete boring", which is ideal with particularly unstable kinds of soil. As the boring proceeds, concrete is continuously poured into the borehole to keep it full. Hydraulic thrust of the concrete prevents the walls from collapsing, while part of the concrete is incorporated into the walls by rolling. Once the tool is extracted, the reinforcement is lowered into the concrete in a manner similar to what is actually done in the cited method (c) of auger boring.
- roller tool according to the present invention provides a number of advantages:
- Another minor advantage is the reduction of site cleaning expenses as well as problems due to the presence of mud on the site.
- the provision of the boring of this invention with telescopic rod drilling machines offers the possibility of reaching 50-60 meters of depth and more, where the soil allows it.
- the methods of this invention can provide boreholes three times deeper. With the same torque available, the borehole diameter can be much larger because lateral friction is considerably reduced and driving power is concentrated on the portion of the tool which is actually excavating. Moreover, there are no difficulties with fitting the reinforcement, where it is possible to carry out the dry boring method.
- the upper tapered portion 12a of the roller facilitates introduction of binder into the borehole and renders the final extraction of the tool easier.
- the tool of this invention is adapted for application to current drilling plants without having to be modified.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT94TO000029A IT1267990B1 (it) | 1994-01-21 | 1994-01-21 | Utensile e metodo per la realizzazione di scavi senza asportazione del terreno e loro riempimento con calcestruzzo. |
ITTO940029 | 1994-01-21 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0664373A2 true EP0664373A2 (de) | 1995-07-26 |
EP0664373A3 EP0664373A3 (de) | 1996-04-24 |
EP0664373B1 EP0664373B1 (de) | 2000-05-17 |
Family
ID=11412049
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95100599A Expired - Lifetime EP0664373B1 (de) | 1994-01-21 | 1995-01-18 | Werkzeug und Verfahren zum Bohren ohne Erdaustrag und Füllen des Bohrloches mit Beton |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0664373B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69516915T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2146669T3 (de) |
IT (1) | IT1267990B1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2395154A1 (de) | 2010-06-14 | 2011-12-14 | Soilmec S.p.A. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum verdichten eines Untergrunds |
ITTO20110695A1 (it) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-01-30 | Soilmec Spa | Utensile costipatore assiale. |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2168640A (en) * | 1937-04-29 | 1939-08-08 | Grant John | Rotary-drill well bit |
US4154312A (en) * | 1977-05-26 | 1979-05-15 | Eduardo Barnetche | Drill bit with single cutting head |
EP0044817A2 (de) * | 1980-07-23 | 1982-01-27 | René Treyvaud | Bohrkrone |
JPS6016614A (ja) * | 1983-07-07 | 1985-01-28 | Nippon Concrete Kogyo Kk | 杭孔の圧密用掘削体 |
-
1994
- 1994-01-21 IT IT94TO000029A patent/IT1267990B1/it active IP Right Grant
-
1995
- 1995-01-18 EP EP95100599A patent/EP0664373B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-18 ES ES95100599T patent/ES2146669T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-18 DE DE69516915T patent/DE69516915T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2168640A (en) * | 1937-04-29 | 1939-08-08 | Grant John | Rotary-drill well bit |
US4154312A (en) * | 1977-05-26 | 1979-05-15 | Eduardo Barnetche | Drill bit with single cutting head |
EP0044817A2 (de) * | 1980-07-23 | 1982-01-27 | René Treyvaud | Bohrkrone |
JPS6016614A (ja) * | 1983-07-07 | 1985-01-28 | Nippon Concrete Kogyo Kk | 杭孔の圧密用掘削体 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2395154A1 (de) | 2010-06-14 | 2011-12-14 | Soilmec S.p.A. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum verdichten eines Untergrunds |
US8511941B2 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2013-08-20 | Soilmec S.P.A. | Device and method for drilling and compacting ground |
ITTO20110695A1 (it) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-01-30 | Soilmec Spa | Utensile costipatore assiale. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITTO940029A1 (it) | 1995-07-21 |
ITTO940029A0 (it) | 1994-01-21 |
DE69516915T2 (de) | 2001-02-08 |
EP0664373B1 (de) | 2000-05-17 |
EP0664373A3 (de) | 1996-04-24 |
IT1267990B1 (it) | 1997-02-20 |
ES2146669T3 (es) | 2000-08-16 |
DE69516915D1 (de) | 2000-06-21 |
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