EP0663024B1 - Nozzle-plate mounting and spin-die manifold for the melt extrusion of filaments - Google Patents

Abstract

Mounting system for spinarette jets has holders at the spinning beam for jet plates to be inserted upwards from below, with a twisting locking action. The supports at the mantle surface and the holding component within the holder face each other radially. Also claimed is a spinning beam with holders (2) near the jet plates (9) with shoulders (23) extending inwards, opposite the supports (24) at the jet units (6). The jet units (6) can rotate in the holders (2) so that the supports (24) and shoulders (23) slide against each other to lock the jet units (6) axially within the holders (2).

Description

The invention relates to a nozzle plate holder and on a spinning beam for melt spinning endless threads from in particular thermoplastic materials (melt). Of the For example, the spinning beam includes a heating box in which Melt lines, melt pumps and ends in nozzle plates Project nozzle pots (also called "nozzle packages"). The nozzle pots can have vertical indentations in the heating box form and, in bell-shaped recordings with vertical, central melt channel attached to one Melt inlet of the nozzle pots opens. The nozzle plate holder forms part of a nozzle pot.

It is of fundamental importance in melt spinning Temperature control of the melt from the extruder to the outlet from the spinneret. It is particularly important to ensure that the melt has the same thermal history for all threads has, both in temperature and in the residence time. Slight deviations of, for example, only 2 ° C can already differ from visible staining differences or increased Lead to capillary breakage rates. To a constant temperature To ensure product lines are currently and the spinning beams are usually heated by condensation. The Condensation heating enables very precise temperature control, because with this principle the positions of the room intensively heated with saturated steam, which have a lower temperature than the condensation temperature of saturated steam. The result is a very uniform temperature distribution on the condensation surfaces. This heating principle thus enables relative simple means precise temperature control to the degree of the entire melt distribution system.

However, it sees something more problematic in the area of Melt outlet. Before the filaments emerge The spinnerets are filtered and homogenized again the melt takes place in the nozzle packs. This must be used for cleaning purposes or when changing the product to a different number of filaments from the spinning beam be taken out. Removal and installation of the nozzle packages should doing it as simply as possible to reduce the effort involved to be kept to a minimum. Because of this, you can the jet packs are not directly flushed by the saturated steam. The heat supply to the nozzle packs is therefore only via Heat conduction at the contact surfaces between the nozzle pack and spinning beam as well as the supplied melt. On the other However, the heat loss is precisely on the nozzle plates to the environment particularly high, since it is not isolated can be. This means that of all places an exact temperature control for the area that is important for thread formation is particularly difficult. A closer look this area is therefore absolutely necessary especially since there is a trend towards finer filaments where the melt flows through the nozzle pack and thus an important heat inflow decreases.

The requirements regarding heat transfer or temperature uniformity have been known for a long time and also in the Patent literature has been clearly formulated - see for example US 4,437,827, according to which radiators specially provided for this purpose are proposed to solve this problem. The one with it associated effort is considerable. But if they are otherwise missing heat must be supplied via the melt, it is at most necessary to increase the melt temperature, what a loss of quality can mean.

• leicht auswechselbar sein,
• keine aussergewöhnlichen Fertigungstoleranzen bei der Herstellung erfordern,
• eine ausreichende Dichtwirkung gegen Schmelzeleckagen erzeugen.

A nozzle package has to meet many other requirements at the same time. For example:

• be easy to replace
• do not require exceptional manufacturing tolerances during manufacture,
• generate a sufficient sealing effect against melt leakage.

In the case of a round nozzle package, it should also be in a predetermined angular position about a vertical axis be adjustable to an appropriate arrangement of each Ensure fibrils in the space below the nozzle. The previous attempts to meet these requirements have a variety of suggestions and in the Practices introduced in practice, of which the following just a few examples are listed.

In most cases, the top (inner) end of the nozzle package the connection with a carrier in the spinning beam created (see e.g. DE-C-1246221, DE-A-1660697 and US 4,696,633). This is true even if the package from above or from the side in the designated recording must be introduced (e.g. according to US 3,655,314 or US 3,891,379).

It is known that the nozzle pack has a flange at the bottom Fasten the end with screws - see for example US 4,494,921. The fastener is mentioned in the Example used to provide the required sealing forces (by squeezing a sealing ring on the top End of the package). An air gap therefore remains between the flange and the support (the heating box).

It has even been suggested in a rectangular shape Provide package "support strips" in such a way that "by metallic Thermal contact between the side walls of the Heating box and the side walls of the spinning head one good heat transfer from the heating box to the spinning head like this there is practically no temperature difference between the two exist "(EP-B-271801). But this goal is not to be taken seriously, like the explanations below present invention. The application of such ideas in connection with a round nozzle package is so far not been suggested.

A "good heat transfer" due to the surface pressure of the Nozzle plate holder and a carrier should also look after DE-C-1529819 can be achieved. But this requires a special one Training the wearer, which is effective heating this part affected.

A well-known spinning beam is from, for example DE-Gbm 84 07 945. With this spinning beam the receptacle for the nozzle pot (the nozzle package) in the The heating box is welded in and therefore a practical component of the heating box. The arrangement of the nozzle pot in the holder is designed so that a stratification consisting of Nozzle plate, filter housing and nozzle pot bottom to the bottom the receptacle is screwed on, by means of the layering penetrating bolt, which in a nut thread in Are screwed in because of the recording. For example, for a necessary cleaning the nozzle pot with its components the screws be loosened, after which the nozzle pot extends vertically downwards the holder can be pulled out. Because the nozzle pots need to be cleaned frequently, sometimes daily, by what depends on the mass to be processed, there is a considerable Wear of the bolts in the area of the nut thread in the bottom of the recording. The bolts must be because of the Nozzle pot usually prevailing pressures from about 120 to 350 bar strong, which is to avoid Damage to the bolts and the thread with a torque wrench must be done. Usually the Attachment of a nozzle cup requires at least four bolts, so that for every cleaning of the nozzle pot too results in a significant amount of work.

Another arrangement of a nozzle pot in a receptacle in Connection with a spinning beam is from the European Patent 163 248 known (see in particular Figures 3 and 6). In this version, the nozzle pot has one Hollow cylinder on that with an inwardly projecting paragraph carries the nozzle plate on which the filter housing over a Ring seal is stored. Is above the filter housing a piston axially movable in the hollow cylinder with a central through hole stored, the unfilled nozzle pot over a membrane in the manner of an inverted plate supports the bigger picture. In the case of filling the nozzle pot under pressure there is a gap between the filter housing and the membrane filled with melt that the membrane over a practically the piston cylinder corresponding cross section and thus the piston from the filter housing pushes away. The piston stroke is during this movement through a sealing ring surrounding the central recess limited, which is supported against a threaded ring which by means of bolts with one arranged in the heating box rigid pump block is attached. On the one with an external thread provided threaded ring is the hollow cylinder with screwed on an internal thread, which means that of the hollow cylinder nozzle pot carried with its heel attached to the heating box is. The hollow cylinder is used to remove the nozzle cup unscrew from the ring nut. The thread and the Membranes of this arrangement are subject to a very considerable Load because of the fact that over the entire cross section of the interior of the hollow cylinder extending sealing membrane this and the thread with one by the pressure and the specified cross-section are subjected to certain force, the because of the relatively large cross section of the interior of the hollow cylinder can be up to 15 t. Here results due to the arrangement of the thread near the A necessary reason for the holder for the filter bowl free annular space between the outer surface of the hollow cylinder and the opposite wall of the heating box, because for the screwing and unscrewing of the hollow cylinder a certain Game is required. The consequence of this is one by the Annulus interrupted heat transfer from the concerned Wall of the heating box to the hollow cylinder, especially in its Area where he carries the nozzle plate with his heel, so that the necessary constant adequate heating the nozzle plate is difficult.

The invention has for its object the assembly and Disassembly of the nozzle pots with reduced stress on the seal to facilitate, in particular to accelerate.

According to the invention, this happens on the one hand in that the Recordings in the area of the nozzle plates with protruding inwards Shoulders are provided with the corresponding requirements face the nozzle pots in such a way that the nozzle pots can be screwed into the recordings, the shoulders and the supports are in axial contact with the nozzle pots lock the recordings, on the other hand that between the melt inlet of the nozzle pots and the bottom of the Recordings sealing washers are placed so that in the Melt pouring in nozzle pots underneath the sealing washers Cutout of a through hole for the melt against the Sealing base and an inner edge of the nozzle pots pressed.

This design results in the area of the nozzle plates because of the shoulders protruding there uninterrupted heat transfer from the to the heating box Inverted receptacle to the nozzle pot, namely via the Touch contact between the shoulders and those on the nozzle pots arranged pads so that the nozzle pot and so that the nozzle plate stored directly in it is sufficient and conveniently supplied with the necessary heat becomes. Due to the installation of the sealing washers against the inner rim of the nozzle pots remains for the sealing washers only a relatively limited range of motion the area in the immediate vicinity of the through hole corresponds so that the relevant area of the sealing washer no particularly large forces can endure.

It is advisable to form the sealing washers with a central one Through hole bell-shaped, being built in Condition with its bottom surrounding the through hole on The reason for the recordings and the outer edge of the Support sealing washers on an annular shoulder in the nozzle cup. Because of this design of the sealing washers when the nozzle pot is filled, they press under the Pressure of the melt on the one hand at the bottom of the intake, with which the sealing effect between the nozzle pot in the area the central through hole of the sealing washer and the Due to the admission automatically to the prevailing Adjusts pressure.

The nozzle pots are designed so that in one Hollow cylinder of the nozzle cup, the nozzle plate, a filter housing and above it the nozzle pot bottom with a central recess forming threaded ring are layered, the hollow cylinder with a shoulder carries the nozzle plate and the threaded ring into a nut thread of the hollow cylinder under compression the layered components is screwed in the annular shoulder the sealing washer arranged on the filter housing against a conical inner surface of the threaded ring so that the sealing washer with its through hole surrounding area from the central recess of the Thread ring appears slightly.

Due to this design, the sealing washer receives one Centering through the conical inner surface of the threaded ring, so that after assembling the nozzle pot with correct position of the sealing washer by means of the above Bayonet lock can be attached in the receptacle. The sealing washer immediately presses into its correct position against the bottom of the shot, with which the nozzle pot for the Filled with the mass to be processed and sealed is prepared.

To form a seal between the filter housing and the nozzle plate you design the filter housing expediently so that when the nozzle pot is assembled the filter housing with a cylindrical projection abuts the nozzle plate and the projection is ring-like Surrounding recess in the filter housing in which a sealing ring is inserted.

After assembly of the nozzle pot and its under The cylindrical projection on the filter housing sets pressure against the nozzle plate, which means that through the projection formed ring-like recess within the projection is limited to the height of this projection. Of the in the recess inserted sealing ring can not be squeezed excessively. The sealing effect of the Sealing ring is determined by itself in the nozzle pot prevailing pressure because this pressure the sealing ring pushes outward against the preamble and a possible one Gap between the projection and the opposite The surface of the nozzle plate closes automatically, the projection also offers the advantage that the entire height of the nozzle pot is determined, which is thus in the installed state has a defined dimension.

The shoulders arranged on the receptacles are useful and the conditions provided on the nozzle pots Kind of a bayonet lock trained. This gives a particularly easy to close and connection to be released between the nozzle pot and the receptacle, namely only by turning at most about 90 °. Accordingly, the bayonet lock also joins frequent removal of the nozzle bowl practically no wear on.

The design of the recordings with the projecting inwards Shoulders with appropriate pads on the nozzle pots face, and the arrangement of the sealing washers with support against the bottom of the recordings use advantageously in combination, taking both measures in terms of quick and safe assembly and disassembly complete.

Fig. 1

schematisch die Wärmeströme an einem Düsenpaket,

Fig. 2

ein Modell des Paketes, das nach der Finite-Elemente-Theorie gebildet wurde,

Fig. 3

schematisch die Temperaturverteilung in einem Düsenpaket konventioneller Bauweise,

Fig. 4

schematisch die Temperaturverteilung in einem Düsenpaket, das nach dieser Erfindung gestaltet ist,

Fig. 5

ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,

Fig. 6

in einem Diagramm das Versuchsresultat bezüglich des Aufwärmeverhaltens der Spinndüsen im Spinnbalken ohne Polymer (Schmelze), und

Fig. 7A und 7B

schematische Darstellungen der Verhältnisse im Bereich der Schmelzezufuhr.

The invention is explained below with reference to the figures of the drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1

schematically the heat flows on a nozzle package,

Fig. 2

a model of the package that was built according to the finite element theory,

Fig. 3

schematically the temperature distribution in a nozzle package of conventional design,

Fig. 4

schematically the temperature distribution in a nozzle packet, which is designed according to this invention,

Fig. 5

an embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 6

in a diagram the test result with regard to the heating behavior of the spinnerets in the spinning beam without polymer (melt), and

7A and 7B

schematic representations of the conditions in the area of the melt feed.

Heat balance of the nozzle package

Fig. 1 shows the heat flows on a nozzle package.

Pfeil 1:

Wärmefluss in das Düsenpaket durch eintretende Schmelze

Pfeil 2:

Wärmefluss in das Düsenpaket durch Kontakt mit dem Rachen

Pfeil 3:

Wärmefluss in das Düsenpaket durch den Luftspalt

Pfeil 4:

Wärmefluss aus dem Düsenpaket durch austretende Schmelze

Pfeil 5:

Wärmefluss aus dem Düsenpaket durch Wärmeabstrahlung der Düsenplatte.

A support is indicated with the reference numeral 50 and the nozzle pack with 52. The support 50 is part of a heating box which is normally heated today by means of diphyl steam (for example according to DE-Gbm 9313586.6 of September 7, 1993). The package is received in a receptacle (the "nozzle throat") 54 in the carrier. The package 52 comprises in particular a nozzle plate 56 and a holder 58. The holder 58 has a cavity 60 which contains further elements of the package, as will be described below with reference to FIG. 5. However, these elements are superfluous for the schematic representation of the heat balance according to FIG. 1 and are not described individually in connection with the figure. The essential heat flows are indicated in Fig. 1 as follows:

Arrow 1:

Heat flow into the nozzle package due to the melt entering

Arrow 2:

Heat flow into the nozzle package through contact with the throat

Arrow 3:

Heat flow into the nozzle package through the air gap

Arrow 4:

Heat flow from the nozzle pack through the melt

Arrow 5:

Heat flow from the nozzle pack through heat radiation from the nozzle plate.

Due to the process, the melt makes up the majority of the Heat supply as well as heat dissipation. Ideally you are both heat flows equal in amount. That would mean, that the melt is one until it emerges from the nozzle has constant temperature. To ensure this would have to the other heat flows are in balance. Special Difficulties are caused by the heat loss from the nozzle plate. Since it cannot be isolated, a most of the heat in the form of radiation and convection released to the environment. This amount of heat must now as far as possible from the spinning beam to the nozzle package to the nozzle plate to cool the Reduce melt to a minimum.

This takes place in the case of nozzle packages of conventional design Heat inflow exclusively from above. The reason for that lies in the sealing of the nozzle packs. To ensure, that no melt escapes to the side of the nozzle packs, they are pressed firmly against a window seal at the top. This pressing creates a very good one Thermal bridge, however, on the opposite side of the nozzle plate Side. Even with designs that use a flange at the bottom of the spinning beam is a possible additional heat flow through the lower one Neglect flange as there is an air gap between Flange and spinning beam located. The thermal conductivity of air is, however, a factor of 1,000 less than that of Nozzle pack and spinning beam. Even with an air gap of only The possible heat flow is negligibly 1/10 mm, especially through the associated enlargement of the radiating Area of this inflow is overcompensated.

FEM calculations

With the help of the Finite Element Method (FEM) it is possible to the heat distribution within the nozzle package and the nozzle pharynx to calculate. Because when considering heat flow of particular interest is how the heat from the actual System components, the calculations, which led to the model of FIG. 2, carried out without melt. The temperature difference to the diphyl temperature represents here is a measure of the amount of heat, that of the melt is withdrawn. By a temperature difference of the nozzle plate without compensating the polymer at 10 ° C against the melt, is used in production, depending on the polymer, nozzle diameter and throughput, the melt on average around 0.5 ° C cooled down.

For the calculations, the assumption is made that both the heating box as well as the nozzle package via a homogeneous one Have thermal conductivity. Because the surface pressure of the touching parts of the pharynx and nozzle pack relatively high is at these transitions with the same thermal conductivity expected. The air-filled spaces between Nozzle pack and throat are very small, so one movement can be excluded from the air. It can be assumed, that the heat transport through the air gaps exclusively via heat conduction. It arises in Fig. 2 shown finite element model of jet throat and nozzle pack. At the limits of the model can be different Heat transfer coefficients and ambient temperatures be used. Hereby the heat transfers through steam condensation, liquid heat transfer medium, radiation to the outside as well as heat conduction into the insulation considered. With the FEM program can now with the given Boundary conditions the temperature distribution in the stationary Condition calculated and displayed.

3 shows the temperature distribution calculated in this way in the nozzle packet with a nozzle diameter of 90 mm. Between Diphyl vapor space and nozzle plate became a temperature difference (Δϑ) of approx. 30 ° C. Depending on the constructive Execution (air gap, wall thickness etc.) can this value also differ by a few degrees. Measurements at the test facility confirm the result of these calculations. That means, that to compensate for this temperature difference Melt heat is extracted so much that it is around 1.5 ° C is cooled until it emerges from the nozzle. This temperature difference however, is not considered constant across all nozzles to watch. Rather, it can vary a lot if it changes change the requirements of heat conduction. For example can contaminate the nozzle throat thermal bridges form and thus a uniform heat flow to the Disturb nozzle plate considerably. This temperature difference thus represents a measure of the accuracy of the temperature control the melt at the nozzle outlet, which is particularly very fine filaments is of paramount importance. Measurements on nozzle plates in production plants prove that at the nozzle packages of conventional design, the scattering of the Temperatures are in a range of 2 ° C.

In order to estimate the influences of design features, some dimensions were varied and the temperature distributions determined. An increase in the heat transfer area at the top of the nozzle package, for example by insert a larger seal, showed practically none Influence on the temperature of the nozzle plate. Even with one Contact the entire top surface of the nozzle pack with the throat just kills an increase in temperature Max. 1 to 2 ° C. Given the gradient that occurs this influence is negligible. The reason for this is due to the relatively long heat transfer paths from the Top of the nozzle package to the nozzle plate. to the other is the heat flow through the narrowest cross section of the heat conductor limited, essentially by the wall thickness of the nozzle package is specified.

Improvement of the heat flow on the nozzle plate

Based on the analysis of the heat flow is a new one Nozzle package has been developed in which the heat transfer paths from Diphyl vapor space to the nozzle plate have been significantly shortened. The aim of this measure is to improve heat balance the nozzle plate. This was the case with the preferred version this solution a bayonet lock at the level of the nozzle plate appropriate. This created additional heat conduction paths a heat inflow as close as possible to the point heat loss.

In order to make this heat flow as large as possible, changes must also be made to the spinning beam. So is it matters that just on the lower side of the jet pharynx the condensation area becomes as large as possible. It it must be ensured that a sufficient amount of heat is available for temperature compensation of the nozzle plate. If not, it can even have the opposite effect achieved that the heat does not separate the nozzle plate is dissipated by her. In the spinning beam construction For example, two measures can be taken those described in German Utility Model No. 9313586.6 were. On the one hand, the interior of the heating box is designed that the diphyl flows off immediately and therefore no Forms liquid sump near the throat. Furthermore are Ribs on the nozzle throat to enlarge the condensation area appropriate. This is an adequate supply of heat guaranteed to the nozzle package. The result of this construction 4 can be seen. The temperature gradient of the diphyl vapor space to the nozzle plate could be based on finite element calculations be reduced by approx. 10 ° C to 20 ° C. this means an improvement in temperature control compared to conventional Construction by approx. 30%.

FIG. 5 shows a section of a spinning beam with a nozzle pack (in particular a nozzle plate holder) according to this invention. The spinning beam includes a heating box 1, in the fuse lines and not shown Melt pumps protrude, such as this in the Figures of the above-mentioned DE-Gmb 84 07 945 is shown. In the heating box 1, the receptacle 2 is used, for example by welding, which consists of the wall 3, which is completed on the inside by the bottom 4 ago. The receptacle 2 encloses the cylindrical interior 5, in which the nozzle pot 6 is inserted. For this purpose the Interior 5 through the cylindrical opening 7 into the exterior about. The bottom 4 is penetrated by the melt channel 8, connected to a melt pump, not shown is.

The nozzle pot 6 is a rotating body, it is in the figure as the picture 2 shown in section. The nozzle pot 6 consists of stacked components, namely from the nozzle plate 9, the filter housing 10 and the threaded ring 11. These three components are inserted in the hollow cylinder 12, who carries the nozzle plate 9 with his shoulder 13. On the side of the threaded ring 11 is the hollow cylinder 12 with the internal thread 14 into which the threaded ring 11 with its external thread 15 is screwed. Around the ring nut 14 screw into the hollow cylinder 12 is the threaded ring 11 provided with the blind holes 16 and 17, in the a suitable hook wrench fits. The screwing in of the Threaded ring 11 in the hollow cylinder 12 is through the cylindrical Projection 18 on the nozzle plate 9 facing side of the filter housing 10 limited. If at Screwing in the threaded ring 11 of the projection 18 on the Surface 19 of the nozzle plate 9 rests is the entire Length of the nozzle cup 6 determined. Inside the cylindrical Projection 18 there is an annular recess, which is filled by the sealing ring 20. Of the Sealing ring 20 is a pressure to be processed Mass, the gap 21 between the surface 19 and the bottom surface 22 of the filter housing 10 fills, outwards against the cylindrical projection 18 pressed, which automatically under the effect of this pressure a seal adapted to the pressure between the filter housing 10 and the nozzle plate 9 results.

The hollow cylinder 12, which is part of the nozzle pot 6 with its paragraph 13 carries the nozzle plate, in turn held in the receptacle 2 by means of the shoulder 23, the supports 24 in the installed state shown face each other on the hollow cylinder 12. The shoulders are 23 Components of the insert pieces 25, which in the wall 3 of the Insert 2 inserted and screwed to the wall 3 by means of the bolts 26. The shoulders 23 and the supports 24 together form a bayonet catch, which axially locks the nozzle cup 6. At the same time, the Bayonet lock over the shoulders 23 and the pads 24 a direct thermal bridge over which the nozzle plate 9 directly is heated. By turning the hollow cylinder 12 and thus the nozzle pot 6 by about 90 °, the connection between Recording 2 and nozzle pot 6 released. The nozzle pot 6 can then removed from the receptacle 2 through the cylindrical opening 7 and broken down into its parts, for example for cleaning the filter housing 10 and the nozzle plate 9.

When inserting the nozzle pot 6 in the receptacle 2 comes Sealing washer 27 for action, which is essentially conical Training is inserted in the threaded ring 11, the for the purpose of receiving the sealing washer 27, a conical inner surface 28 has. The sealing washer 27 is supported with its outer edge 29 on the ring shoulder 30 from Part of the lying on the filter housing 10 Melt distributor 31 is. This melt distributor 31 is here part of the nozzle pot 6, it serves to over the melt channel 8 flowing melt inside the To distribute nozzle pot cheaply, which was discussed in more detail below becomes.

In the assembled state of the nozzle pot 6, as I said, the sealing washer 27 opposite the annular shoulder 30 from, bearing against the conical inner surface 28 of the threaded ring 11 vertically upwards in the Bottom 32 leaks, which surrounds the through hole 33, which with the melt channel 8 is aligned.

As the figure shows, the bottom 32 of the sealing washer 27 slightly opposite the surface 34 of the threaded ring 11 so that when closing the bayonet catch 24/25 the floor 32 to the lower surface 35 of the bottom 4 of the Recording 2 is tight. So that the seal is between the bottom 4 of the receptacle penetrated in front of the melt channel 8 2 made to the nozzle pot 6, and by using the pressure prevailing inside the nozzle pot 6, of the sealing washer 27 depending on the level of this pressure against the lower surface 35 and the conical inner surface 28 of the Thread ring 11 presses. In addition, the sealing washer 27 radially outwards against the joint 36 between the threaded ring 11 and filter housing 10 pressed so that too a secure seal is achieved here.

The melt flow in operation is as follows: The Melt passes from the melt channel 8 through the through hole 33 to the melt distributor 31, which the melt overflows and reaches the channels 37, of which only two are drawn. In the illustrated embodiment there are about 24 such channels. The melt flows then through the filter 38 which passes through the grating 39 completed at the bottom. In the filter housing 10 are furthermore the channels 40 introduced (approx. 50 such channels are present), from where the melt enters the gap 21 arrives. Now the melt passes through the nozzle plate 9, namely through the bores 41, which are in capillaries in the lower boundary surface 42 of the nozzle plate 9 end. Here then the individual filaments emerge, which then become individual Threads are summarized.

To verify the theoretical considerations were also Temperature measurements carried out on the spinning beam. It was modified a spinning beam so that both a nozzle pack conventional construction as well as the new nozzle package 5 ("Quick Fit") are used side by side could. This experimental arrangement influences which go as far as possible beyond the differences in construction locked out. The spinning beam was used for the experiment heated to a diphyl temperature of 290 ° C. Subsequently both nozzle packages were used cold (approx. 20 ° C) and the temperature measured at the nozzle edge and center. Fig. 6 shows the result of this experiment.

In Fig. 6, dashed curve A represents the warm-up behavior (Temperature curve over time after installation in the Spin beam - without polymer) of a conventional nozzle package in the middle of the nozzle while the dashed curve B the corresponding behavior in the marginal part of a conventional one Package shows. Curve C shows that Warm-up behavior in the middle of the nozzle of a package after this Invention (e.g. according to Fig. 5), while curve D (the for the most part coincides with curve C) the warm-up behavior represents the edge of the new package.

The new nozzle package with the improved heat flow achieved the final temperature much earlier than the conventional nozzle package Construction. Furthermore, the final temperature of the new nozzle package in about 10 ° C higher, which the calculations corresponds. The temperature difference between the center of the nozzle and nozzle edge is more conventional with the nozzle package Construction already negligible, but could the new nozzle package can be improved by the last nuance. The experiment thus confirms the calculated results, after which cooling of the melt in the new nozzle package by approx. 0.5 ° C is lower than with the conventional nozzle package Construction. This value appears to be very low but especially in the manufacture of microfilaments of crucial importance for the quality of the produced Yarn.

7A shows "optimal" conditions in the area of the melt feed in the "nozzle throat", that means in the admission in the Heating box which receives the nozzle package. The recording itself has an axial surface 100 that faces in the spinning direction is directed. This surface is on one end 102 of the nozzle pack opposite after the pack in their Is in the operating position, with a gap 104 therebetween is available. The distance between the end face 102 and the contact surfaces of the pad can be used in the manufacture or the assembly (i.e. in the construction) of the package be determined without the manufacturing tolerances of the To have to consider heating box.

A flexible sealing lip 106 extends from the out the top of the package to touch surface 100. The hardness, flexural strength and dimensions of the flexible Lips are chosen in such a way that surface to surface contact 7A comes about. Ideally hugs the lip adjusts to unevenness in the surface 102.

The risk of leakage between the lip and the surface 102 is at the first entry of the melt through the access channel small because the melt pressure is low until the chamber in the package below the lip. Until this takes place, the lip is also opposed by the melt surface 102 is pressed, which counteracts the risk of leakage.

The contact conditions before the melt enters are important how the misconstruction of Fig. 7B represent should. Here is the spring force of the lip in one Direction upwards too large. The lip edge therefore bends down again, what a wedge gap between the edge and surface 102 leaves open. This results in for the incoming melt, an area of attack leading to "Peel" the lip from surface 102 and to one Leakage. Of course, this can also cause a leak arise that the spring force which the lip against the Surface 102 presses is chosen too low, so that the entering melt in the remaining gap between the Lip and the surface 102 can penetrate.

The lip is provided on a sealing body which in the Package is "embedded" so that the body is against the package the melt pressure is supported, and only the lip itself must deform under the melt pressure. Preferably, the Lip formed in one piece with the body. The body can are advantageously formed or arranged such that it take on additional sealing functions in the package itself can.

The sealing element (the lip) can be under the operating pressure be plastically deformable, the element then after removing the package from the throat before relaunching needs to be replaced. The material of the element can be chosen so that the element also under the Operating pressure is elastically deformable and therefore reusable is, for example if a chrome steel is used. When the package is reintroduced (before the entry of the Melt) the seal is preferably elastically deformable.

The sealing element (the sealing lip and the sealing body) are exposed to the melt during operation. It must therefore, a sealing material should be chosen that with the Melt will not respond. A metal is preferred aluminum and steel are suitable in most cases are. A seal according to Fig. 5 (with a lip and a Body part from one piece), the conical body part in contact with a conical support surface in the Package is standing, e.g. by a deep drawing process or be formed by metal pressing. A sheet thickness up to approx. 3 mm (e.g. for steel approx. 1 mm and for aluminum 1.5 to 2 mm) can be used.

The package is preferably provided with a stop, which in the operating position of the package its angular position around a vertical axis. This can the arrangement of the holes in the nozzle plate compared to the Cooling shaft can be predetermined. Where the connection with the Carrier accomplished by means of a bayonet lock at least one element of the closure can Exercise the function of the stop.

A multi-turn bayonet lock could be used measures may then have to be taken in order to the surface pressure over the support of the closure to distribute. This will usually result in tighter manufacturing tolerances require. Because the radial dimension of these conditions the division (the mutual distance) of the packets in the Spinning beam heavily influenced, this dimension should be possible be kept small because of a minimal division is generally desirable. The radial distance between the outer surface of the package and the outer end of each The support is preferably not larger than 10 mm. In the case A multi-course lock can make this dimension smaller be held as 5 mm. There are preferably no more available as three editions per course.

The invention in its first aspect (connection at the bottom End of the package) results in the shortest possible flow paths for the Heat between the heater box and the nozzle plate. This Aspect of the invention is not to be used in combination constrained with a sealing lip, though preferably used in combination with a seal the full sealing effect due to the melt pressure developed. Such seals are also made, for example US 4645444 known.

The new type of seal is independent of the connection between the nozzle pack and the heater box, from Advantage - it can, for example, adjust the piston seal DE-C-12 46 221 or DE-C-15 29 819 or US-4 696 633 replace.

5 is the cylindrical outer surface of the nozzle package indicated with M. This area must be a little smaller Have diameter than the inner surface of the nozzle pharynx, to easily insert the package into the throat enable. The distance A between the bottom of the And the more distant end face of the package chosen to be slightly smaller than the depth of the throat Insert the package without touching the end faces of the To ensure the throat. The radial dimension of the edition is indicated with D.

The concept of a link at the bottom of the package of course requires the appropriate design of the lower one End of the jet throat. This can be done by designing the Heating box itself happen, but preferably one Support frame for the package formed separately and on the heating box attached, for example by means of screws, as in Fig. 5 is shown. The frame is preferably interchangeable, that means the fasteners can be loosened without Destroy parts.

Claims (14)

1. A spinneret plate fixing device for spinning continuous filaments with a body having an interior hollow chamber (60) and a means (13) for fixing a spinneret plate (56, 9), so that the bores (41) of said plate extend in a predefined direction (the spinning direction), with the fixing device being provided both with an axis extending in the spinning direction as well as an outer shell surface (M) which is provided with outwardly extending supports (24) which can be brought into contact with the respective surfaces (23) of the spin-die manifold by a rotary movement of the fixing device about the said axis after the insertion of said fixing device from below into a receiving opening (7) of a spin-die manifold so as to secure the fixing device against downward removal from the receiving opening until the fixing device is rotated in the opposite direction about the axis, characterized in that the supports (24) on the shell surface and the fixing means (13) in the interior of the fixing device are mutually opposed in an approximately radial manner.
2. A fixing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the fixing device is provided with a melt inlet (8)and with a seal (27) which encompasses the inlet (8) and can be pressed by the melt pressure against a surface (28) adjacent to the receiving opening.
3. A fixing device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the seal (27) is arranged in such a way that it can be pressed against a surface (28) which faces in the spinning direction.
4. A fixing device as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the seal (27) is provided with a flexible lip (106) which is elastically deformable under the melt pressure.
5. A fixing device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the lip (106) is provided on a seal portion (102) which is supported by the fixing device against the melt pressure.
6. A fixing device as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each support (24) is provided with a surface which faces in the spinning direction, with said surface holding the fixing device in the spin-die manifold as a result of the contact with the said surfaces of the spin-die manifold.
7. A fixing device as claimed in claims 3 and 6, characterized in that the seal (27) is provided with a predefined distance from the said surfaces of the supports.
8. A fixing device as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the supports (24) are arranged in such a way that owing to the contact with the spin-die manifold after the said rotary movement they define a predefined angular position of the fixing device about the axis.
9. A spin-die manifold for melt spinning continuous filament yarns from thermoplastic masses, in particular, with a heating box (1) into which project melt conduits, melt pumps and spinning packages (6) ending in spinneret plates, with the spinning packages (6), which form vertical indentations of the heating box (1), are attached in bell-like receivers (2) with a vertical central melt duct (8) which opens out into a melt entrance (33) of the spinning packages (6), characterized in that the receivers (2) are provided in the zone of the spinneret plates (9) with inwardly projecting shoulders (23) which are opposed by respective supports (24) on the spinning packages (6) in such a way that the spinning packages (6) can be turned into the receivers (2), with the shoulders (23) and the supports (24) arresting the spinning packages (6) axially in the receivers (2) by contact.
10. A spin-die manifold as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that between the melt entrance (33) of the spinning packages (6) and the base (4) of the receivers (2) packing disks (27) are disposed in such a way that melt flowing into the spinning packages (6) sealingly presses the packing disks (27) against the base (4) of the receivers (2) and an inner edge (36) of the nozzle packing, whilst sparing a through hole (33) for the melt.
11. A spin-die manifold as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the packing disks (27) with central through hole (33) are arranged in a bell-like way and sit close in the installed condition with their floor (32) encompassing the through hole (33) to the base (4) of the receivers (2), with the outer edge (29) of the packing disk (27) resting on a ring shoulder (30) in the spinning package (6).
12. A spin-die manifold as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that in a hollow cylinder (12) of the spinning package (6) there are arranged in layers the spinneret plate (9), a filter casing (10) and, above it, a thread ring (11) forming the spinning package base with central recess, the hollow cylinder (12) carries the spinneret plate (9) with a shoulder (13) and the thread ring (11) is screwed into a female thread (14) of the hollow cylinder (12) by pressing together the components arranged in layers, with the ring shoulder (30) pressing the packing disk (27) arranged on the filter casing (10) against a conical inner surface (28) of the thread ring (11) in such a way that the packing disk (27) slightly projects from the central recess of the thread ring (11) with its zone encompassing the through hole (33).
13. A spin-die manifold as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that in the assembled condition of the spinning package (6) the filter casing (10) sits close to the spinneret plate (9) with a cylindrical projection (18) and that the projection (18) encompasses an annular recess in the filter casing (10) in which a packing ring (20) is placed.
14. A spin-die manifold as claimed in one of the claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the shoulders (23) and the supports (24) are arranged in the manner of a bayonet catch.

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