EP0662185B1 - Swinging door drive - Google Patents

Abstract

Apparatus is are disclosed for selective alteration and control of door movement modes, the apparatus being primarily non-hydraulic and incorporated with a known mechanism which is functional independently from the apparatus in one mode of operation and which includes a piston for controlling door closing characteristics by selected fluid flow within the mechanism. The apparatus includes a motor driven lead screw having a linearly movable shuttle unit mounted thereon, the shuttle unit being positioned relative to the piston of the mechanism to accommodate nonattached contact with the piston to urge the piston, when the shuttle unit is moved, in a direction that will at least provide selective assistance with door opening in another mode of operation.

Description

The invention relates to a swing door drive for an at least single-leaf (swing) door, in which the door leaf is brought into the open position by an opening aid, namely in the form of an electromechanical motor, by a sensor signal, and the closing process is carried out by a door closer, in the spring-loaded spring energy was stored during the opening process and this is released again during the closing process, ie the swing door drive can be viewed as a door closer in the true sense, because the door closer used only and unimpeded brings the door into the closed position. One device includes a motor-driven idler shaft which includes a linearly movable carriage assembly, the carriage assembly being positioned to the piston of the door closer so that it can make wiping contact with the piston to urge the piston forward when the carriage assembly is driven by the drive motor is moved.

Hydraulic and / or pneumatic door closers and systems for controlling the closing properties of revolving doors are generally known. In addition, a variety of electromechanical automatic door closers are known for this, but they have their own unique advantages and disadvantages.

A swing door drive is known from US Pat. No. 3,874,117, in which the opening of the swing leaf is achieved by a drive motor. Here, the drive is arranged next to the closing means. Such designs on door controls have largely resulted in using the hydraulic mechanism only as a speed control, ie not as an independently functioning unit, and / or have used the door closer used in parallel with the door, but not as a combination. Such combinations were not entirely satisfactory due to the large space requirement next to the door, complex manufacture and / or operation.

DE-PS 41 24 282 discloses an electromechanical swing door drive in which the electric motor is connected to a door closer via a clutch and a gear. The electric motor will bring the door out of the closed position on the basis of a sensor signal, and after a predefinable time frame the door will automatically close again on the basis of the energy stored in the door closer. Here, however, it is necessary to use a switchable clutch.

The object of the invention is to provide a swing door drive which functions as an opening aid, i.e. an electromotive drive is present and in which a commercially available door closer can be used as the closing means for the door, without the efficiency of which is significantly impaired by the interaction between the electromotive device and the door closer. Another requirement is that this drive can be used for a wide variety of applications, including fire protection.

The object is achieved on the basis of the features of claim 1 in that, in addition to the standard hydraulic door closer, a drive motor is used which is connected via a gear to a device whose carriage is in loose contact with the piston of the door closer. The carriage is located inside a housing flanged to the door closer and is driven by a spindle that is provided with a nut. In addition, the carriage is also equipped with a return spring, which enables the carriage to be moved to a defined starting position when de-energized. When the revolving door closes, the carriage moves back without the door closer being affected in any way in its function, ie the door closer works completely independently and can thus release the energy stored in the energy accumulator fully to the door, in accordance with the energy contained in it Functions (control of the hydraulics). In order to query pressure increases in the damping medium so that they do not destroy the swing door drive and thus render it unusable, a pressure compensation system is available within the pressure chambers.

Typical requirements, as set out in guidelines, include minimum performance standards for door closers. For example, U.S. Patent 4,995,194 describes a device in which a hydraulic pump is used for fluid movement, and therefore movement of the piston, to assist in opening the door, but maintaining the door closing ability by using the same hydraulic circuit for closing. like a standard door closer. In this way, no additional resistance is exerted on the system while avoiding additional components that are directly connected to the existing piston, and the performance remains unchanged.

In order to meet the performance requirements when using an electromechanical drive to open the door, either a precisely controlled motor-driven opening and closing process using various coupling mechanisms to separate the electromechanical drive during the closing process is essential.

The invention therefore provides a device which is used with a standard door closer which can be connected to a door and which contains a piston for controlling the closing properties of the door. The device has been designed so that the usability and thus the performance of the locking mechanism is obtained without excessive effort, and the opening process is supported by an opening aid in the form of the motor force. A swing door drive of the aforementioned type can be easily assembled and operated, ie it can be mounted either on the right or left hinged door, either on the hinge or hinge side of the door, without requiring any special parts to be changed, ie all intended applications are with one Unity feasible. This can be achieved in particular in that the axis exit of the door closer lies approximately in the middle of the entire swing door drive.

Furthermore, such a swing door drive can optionally be operated in various different operating modes, and can therefore also be used to provide access for disabled people, while at the same time the door closing forces can be adjusted in a wide range depending on the user. The power-assisted opening method thus reduces the opening force that must be applied by the user. The swing door operator therefore works like a normal manual door closer, i.e. the user pushes the door open with hydraulic / springy closing properties.

The device mainly has a non-hydraulic mechanism which selectively influences the piston of the door closer. For this purpose, a movable element in the form of a carriage is placed so that a wiping contact is made with the piston of the mechanism, whereby the piston is pressed in one direction when the element is moved by a selectable activator. In an embodiment of the idea according to the invention, the selectable liquid flow of the damping medium within the door closer can also be controlled according to the desired requirements.

In continuation of the idea according to the invention, it is also possible to provide a handling device which is used in connection with a door closer which can be connected to a door and which has a piston which controls the closing properties of a door by selectable liquid flow within the door closer, wherein the device is mainly non-hydraulic and cooperates closely with the door closer for optionally directly influencing the piston to provide at least support for the door opening.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to a schematically illustrated possible embodiment.

Figur 1:

Perspektivische Darstellung eines Drehtürantriebes an einer geöffneten Tür

Figur 2:

Schnittdarstellung der angeflanschten Vorrichtung und des Türschließers bei geschlossener Tür und Detail der Druckausgleichsvorrichtung

Figur 3:

Ausschnitt einer Explosionszeichnung der an den Türschließer angeflanschten Vorrichtung

Figur 4:

Schnittdarstellung des Abschnittes 5-5 aus Figur 2

Figur 5:

Schnittdarstellung des Abschnittes 6-6 durch das Getriebe

Figur 6:

Schnittdarstellung des Drehtürantriebes in einer geöffneten Position

Figur 7:

Drehtürantrieb mit Gehäuse in der Seitenansicht

It shows:

Figure 1:

Perspective view of a swing door operator on an open door

Figure 2:

Sectional view of the flanged device and the door closer with the door closed and detail of the pressure compensation device

Figure 3:

Section of an exploded view of the device flanged to the door closer

Figure 4:

Sectional view of section 5-5 of Figure 2

Figure 5:

Sectional view of section 6-6 through the gearbox

Figure 6:

Sectional view of the swing door drive in an open position

Figure 7:

Swing door drive with housing in side view

FIG. 1 shows a swing door drive 15 which is mounted on a passage 17 of a door 19. The door 19 is connected to the swing door drive 15 via a linkage 16. This linkage 16 can either be a scissor linkage or, as is the case when using slide rail door closers, only consist of an actuating arm, one end of which is non-positively and positively connected to the closer shaft 33 of the door closer 31, and the other free end of which is in one Slider cooperates with a guide rail. Various switches and sensors are shown for illustration, such as contact mats 21 and 23, which are placed on each of the door sides in the floor. For example, an infrared or radar detector 25 in the form of a sensor can be installed above the door in order to initiate an automatic opening process of the door 19. However, it is also possible to place the door in its open position via a switch or button 27 placed on the wall. The opening speed, the opening angle and the closing delay can be realized via an electronic control (not shown), the Closing speed is made by appropriate adjustment of valves on the door closer 31.

The top view of the revolving door drive shown in FIG. 2 consists of a housing of the closer 35. The door closer 31 contains a piston 37 which is provided with a toothed rack 39. A closer shaft 33 passes through the piston 37 and is provided with a toothing 41 which engages in the toothing of the toothed rack 39. The arrangement is chosen so that the closer shaft 33 is mounted so that when the door 19 is opened, the closer shaft 33 is rotated and the piston 37 is thus displaced against the end 43 of the door closer via the toothed rack 39. The closing spring 45 is tensioned by this process. The closing properties of the door 19 are carried out by a combination of the closing spring 45 and a controlled outflow of the damping medium in the housing 35 through the various flow channels 47 between the pressure chamber 49 and the spring chamber 51.

In addition to the door closer 31, the revolving door drive 15 contains the mechanism of a drive unit 53, which is connected to the housing 35 of the door closer in a non-positive and positive manner with a closure cap 55 via the thread 36. For this purpose, a thread 54 is present on the closure cap 55, as a result of which the operating combination between the drive unit 53 and the door closer 31 is produced. There is an opening 61 inside the closure cap 55, so that the damping medium can pass from the pressure chamber 49 into the area of the pressure chamber 57 of the drive unit 53.

The drive unit 53 consists essentially of a spindle 63 which is rotatably mounted in the caps 65 and 55 via the bearings 67 and 69. A nut 73 is located on the spindle 63, which can be a ball screw, for example. The nut 73 has a threaded attachment 75, via which a carriage 85 is mounted by means of a locking screw 89. The carriage 85 has an equally geometrically shaped dimension as the opening 61 has. This can be such, for example, that in the end region of the carriage 85 it has the shape of a semicircular cut tube. By this measure ensures that the entire carriage unit 71 does not rotate during the actuation of the drive unit 53 and, as a result, the carriage or the piston is displaced by the rotation of the spindle.

In addition to the carriage 85, there is a spring follower 77 on the nut 73, which is also connected to the nut in a non-positive and positive manner. This spring follower 77 can, for example, have a bell-shaped configuration and have a contact surface 79 on its tapered edge, against which the return spring 91 abuts and the other end presses against the closure cap 55. For precise adjustment, the carriage 85 can be mounted on the nut 73 via its internal thread 87 in order to ensure that an exact adjustment is also possible. The spring driver 77 has a bore in its base 81, which is placed on the threaded shoulder, and thereby the base 81 is pressed against the contact surface 83.

The entire carriage unit 71 consists of the carriage 85, the nut 73, the spring follower 77 and the return spring 91. When the drive motor 93 is not switched on, the carriage unit 71 is pressed into the rest position near the closure cap 65 due to the spring energy of the return spring 91. This can be the case under normal conditions, and in particular in the event of a power failure or the like.

The drive motor 93 is connected to the transmission 95 and its gear 97 via the motor output shaft 99. The transmission, as shown in FIG. 5, has, for example, in addition to the gear 97 an intermediate gear 103 which is connected to a main gear 101 which is fixed on the spindle 63. Every common translation can be selected based on different gears. In addition to a transmission, a belt or chain can also act as a transmission element between the motor 93 and the spindle 63.

The pressure camera 57 also serves as a hydraulic reservoir at the same time in order to bring about a regular, normal hydraulic operation of the door closer 31. The housing 59 is sealed relative to the housing 35 with the closure cap 55 in order to prevent liquid leakage to prevent. There is also a seal on the spindle shaft, ie the gear is outside the pressure chamber of the door closer.

During assembly, the carriage 85 is mounted in the position that it is in direct contact with the piston 37 of the door closer 31, but is not firmly connected to it. But it is also conceivable to mount the carriage 85 with a defined or undefined distance from the piston 37, because the rotary vane drive is able due to its intelligent control to detect this undetermined distance during the first Lemfahrt and also to compensate at the same time, ie in Following the Lemfahrt, carriage 85 and piston 37 are in the correct position with respect to one another without being mechanically connected to one another. If the spindle 63 is rotated by the drive motor 93 via the gearbox 95, the carriage 85 generates a desired force against the piston 37. This force can be set in accordance with the control and represent a support force for the user, but it is also possible to that the drive applies all the force and opens the door. At the end of the opening cycle, the carriage 85 is retracted by the return spring 91. However, it is also possible that the carriage 85 is pulled away just before the piston 37 by rotating the spindle 63, and thus the closing process is started via the closing spring 45 of the door closer 31. Due to the control, it is possible that the carriage 85 is continuously withdrawn in such a closing process, so that no direct contact and thus obstruction occurs with the piston 37, but in the event of a renewed opening command, the carriage 85 immediately releases the necessary pressure on the piston Exercise 37 and thus the door 19 can be in the open position, a possible standstill of the door is also recognized. It is therefore shown that the retraction properties of the carriage 85 are monitored by the control, not shown, to ensure an accurate retraction. The actuation of the drive motor 93 in connection with the control also allows the piston 37 to be braked if predetermined retraction speed parameters are exceeded or if a hindrance is detected in the passage of the door 19.

It is thus possible to stop the piston 37 and the carriage 85 during a closing process from remaining in constant wiping or braking contact. For example, if the controller detects that the piston 37 is not pushing against the carriage at all times during the closing cycle, the door closes and the forces on the door are balanced by using the controller's ability to assist.

In the closed status, the carriage 85 is held in contact with the piston 37 until the end stroke is damped. This limits the door speed to a maximum speed under the control.

As the description shows, by coupling a carriage to a piston of a standard door closer according to the invention, a device has been created with which previously unprecedented control problems can be solved, with care being taken at the same time that commercial components, in particular a door closer without constructive Change have been used.

This is also clear from the fact that in the event of an increase in pressure within the spaces filled with the damping medium, this is destroyed by a pressure compensation device. An increase in pressure in the damping medium can occur slowly or quickly. Slowly, for example, the pressure rises due to external influences, i.e. e.g. due to sun exposure. A rapid increase in pressure is e.g. to be recorded when the swing door drive runs in continuous operation.

For the aforementioned reasons, a pressure compensation device has therefore been created within the drive unit 53. This pressure compensation device does not take up any additional installation space because it is integrated within the closure cap 65. As the detail A in FIG. 2 shows, a compensating bore 106 is provided in the sealing cap 65 for the pressure chamber 57. The compensation bore 106 ends in a pressure compensation space 107, in which a displaceable piston 108 is located. This piston 108 is loaded by a spring 109 so that the piston 108 abuts the wall 117 with the bore 106 therein. Due to an increase in pressure in the pressure chamber 57, this has the possibility of pushing the piston 108 away from the wall 117 and thus making a larger pressure space available for the damping medium. When the pressure drops, the piston 108 also returns to its starting position.

The compensating bore 106 is very small in diameter. The advantage of a small equalization bore 106 is that rapid pressure changes, i.e. a rapid increase in the pressure in the pressure chamber 57, the pressure increase does not affect the pressure compensation space 107, the piston 108 remains in its original position. However, if the pressure in the pressure chamber 57 rises slowly, this change also affects the piston 108, which in turn dodges, and thus a larger pressure chamber occurs, which counteracts the destruction of the swing door drive 15.

In a swing door drive of the type described, which is suitable for any type of installation without additional conversion, two further requirements must be met, namely, it must be possible to attach any type of linkage, and the swing door drive 15 must be as small as possible in its outer dimensions.

The requirement for any type of connection between the swing door drive 15 with the closer shaft 33 of the door closer 31 and the door 19 is realized via the control and regulating unit 113, in which different sequence programs are stored within a non-volatile memory, in which an adaptation to the most varied Linkage is made. It does not matter what type of door closer 31 is located in the swing door drive 15 and whether a scissor linkage 16 or a straight arm is connected in conjunction with a slide guide and a slide rail, the opening moment effective for the user is in any case a falling, so that there is maximum ease of use.

The requirement for a small mechanical structure of the swing door drive 15 is shown in FIG. 7 and is met in that a door closer 31 with its housing 35 is mounted on a mounting plate 112 in such a way that the closer shaft 33 is approximately in the middle of the swing door drive 15 lies. The drive unit 53 is flanged to the housing 35 as already described above. At the other end of the drive unit 53, the gear 95 is located on the mounting plate 112 in such a way that the drive motor 93 is screwed to the mounting plate 112 above the drive unit 53. An incremental encoder is also connected to this compact mechanical unit. A mains transformer 116 is arranged above the door closer 31 next to the battery 115 for emergency power operation. The control and regulating unit 113 is placed on the side and partially next to the door closer 31. The revolving door drive 15 is externally terminated by a housing 110 with its end caps 111. By using a battery 115, the revolving door drive 15 is able to work automatically.

A swing door drive, which is designed according to the exemplary embodiments described above and thus not conclusively listed, does not impair the efficiency of the closing means used, is also suitable for all types of installation and is suitable for a wide variety of possible uses. This is particularly evident from the fact that only one and the same swing door drive has to be kept in stock for all applications.

Reference numerals

15

Swing door drive

16

Linkage

17th

Continuity

19th

door

21

Contact mat

23

Contact mat

25th

sensor

27

Switch button

31

Door closer

33

Closer shaft

35

Housing door closer

36

thread

37

piston

39

Rack

41

Gearing

43

Closing end

45

Closing spring

47

Flow channels

49

Pressure chamber

51

Spring chamber

53

Drive unit

54

thread

55

Sealing cap

57

Pressure chamber

59

casing

61

breakthrough

63

spindle

65

Sealing cap

67

camp

69

camp

71

Carriage unit

73

mother

75

Thread approach

77

Spring catch

79

Contact surface

81

ground

83

Contact surface

85

Carriage

87

inner thread

89

Locking screw

91

Return spring

93

Drive motor

95

transmission

97

gear

99

Engine output shaft

101

Main gear

103

Idler gear

105

End of carriage

106

Compensating hole

107

Pressure equalization room

108

piston

109

feather

110

casing

111

Housing end caps

112

Mounting plate

113

Control and regulation unit

114

Mounting plate

115

battery

116

Mains transformer

117

wall

Claims (13)

1. A drive for a pivoting door having at least one leaf, the leaf (19) being movable or assisted by an electromechanical drive motor (93) operating in the opening direction and having a drive shaft (99) connected to a gear unit (95), the closing means being a door closer (31) having a closer shaft (33) which forms a unit with a linkage (16), characterised in that a casing (59) is flange-mounted via a closure cap (55) to the pressure-chamber side (49) of the casing (35) of the door closer (31), and a via the drive motor (93) linearly movable device is present in the casing (59) and enters into a nonpermanent connection to the piston (37) of the door closer (31).
2. A drive according to cliam 1, characterised in that the device comprises a spindle (63) driven by the motor (93) via the gear unit (95) and bearing a rotable nut (73) secured to a carriage (85) cooperating with a return spring (91).
3. A drive according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the carriage (85) extends through an aperture (61) in the closure cap (55) and its end (105) comes to rest in front of the piston (37).
4. A drive according to claim 3, characterised in that the front region of the carriage (85) entering the aperture (61) has the same geometrical shape as the aperture (61).
5. A drive according to claims 3 and 4, characterised in that the shape is a semicircular portion of a tube.
6. A drive according to claim 2, characterised in that the spindle (63) is a ballscrew.
7. A drive according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the operation of opening the door (19) is brought about by the motor (93), and simultaneously the carriage (85) moves the piston (37) of the door closer (31) ba way of the device, so that energy is stored in the closing spring (45).
8. A drive according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the operation of closing the door is brought about by the energy stored in the spring (45) of the door closer (31).
9. A drive according to claim 8, characterised in that during the closing operation the end (105) of the carriage (85) is held by the motor (93) in permanent contact with the piston (37).
10. A drive according to claim 8, characterised in that during the closing operation the end (105) of the carriage (85) is held by the motor (93) in partial contact with the piston (37).
11. A drive according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that pressure equalisation is provided for the damping medium.
12. A drive according to claim 11, characterised in that a bore (16) is provided in the inner side of the closure cap(65) and ends in a pressure-equalising chamber (107) containing a spring-loaded piston (108).
13. A drive according to claim 11, characterised in that the mechanical structure has the following features:

    a) the output shaft (33) of the door closer (31) is approximately in the middle of the casing (110),

    b) the drive unit is flange-mounted in longitudinal continuation of the door closer (31),

    c) the gear unit (95) is fitted at the end of the drive unit (53) via an assembly plate (114),

    d) the drive motor (93) is placed above the drive unit (53) and its output shaft (99) is connected to the gear unit (95), an increment transmitter also being present,

    e) a mains transformer (116) and a battery (115) are mounted above the door closer (31) and

    f) an open and closed loop control unit (113) is disposed laterally and partly above the door closer (31).

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