EP0657909B1 - Electric switch with fault tripping - Google Patents

Electric switch with fault tripping Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0657909B1
EP0657909B1 EP94402763A EP94402763A EP0657909B1 EP 0657909 B1 EP0657909 B1 EP 0657909B1 EP 94402763 A EP94402763 A EP 94402763A EP 94402763 A EP94402763 A EP 94402763A EP 0657909 B1 EP0657909 B1 EP 0657909B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
switch according
operating
mobile contact
fault
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94402763A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0657909A1 (en
Inventor
Francis Deckert
Michèle Bildstein
Jean-Marc Braun
Christian Dietrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hager Electro SAS
Original Assignee
Hager Electro SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0657909A1 publication Critical patent/EP0657909A1/en
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Publication of EP0657909B1 publication Critical patent/EP0657909B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/50—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release
    • H01H71/52—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever
    • H01H71/522—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever comprising a cradle-mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/50—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release
    • H01H71/52—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever
    • H01H71/526—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever the lever forming a toggle linkage with a second lever, the free end of which is directly and releasably engageable with a contact structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/042—Means for indicating condition of the switching device with different indications for different conditions, e.g. contact position, overload, short circuit or earth leakage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
    • H01H2300/046—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H using snap closing mechanisms
    • H01H2300/048—Snap closing by latched movable contact, wherein the movable contact is held in a minimal distance from the fixed contact during first phase of closing sequence in which a closing spring is charged

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switch electric with fault tripping, of the type comprising: fixed contact means; mobile contact means able to take a working position, in which they cooperate electrically with the fixed contact means, and a rest position for which no cooperation electric does not take place; an actionable lock mechanism by manual control means to put said mobile contact means in either of said positions; elastic return means for urging the movable contact means towards their rest position; and an electrical fault detector reacting to a fault by going into active position to trigger said lock mechanism and cause the return of said means contact movable to the rest position under the action said elastic return means.
  • Switches of this type are in particular the differential switches, by example triggered by a relay controlled by a toroid of detection sensitive to a differential current.
  • US-R-2 204 409 describes an electrical switch by default triggering of the aforementioned type.
  • This switch includes a turntable mounted in a switch box and on which is fixed a mobile contact.
  • the board is still in connection with a bistable spring which constitutes one of the elements essential control means.
  • the switch in this document has the disadvantage that in the event of a default trip, always produces a drive control means.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a switch of this type which allows on the one hand a rapid opening of the contacts in the event of a fault and on the other hand closing of contacts under pressure independent of the lever or another manual actuation member of the switch.
  • the switch comprises in addition to releasable connecting means which can take a engaged position, for which they form a connection mechanical between said lock mechanism and said means contact, and a triggered position, for which said movable contact means are released mechanically said lock mechanism, and by the fact that said connecting means in the engaged position react to the placing the fault detector in the active position by putting in the triggered position.
  • the movable contact means are mechanically decoupled from said lock mechanism and its control means, so that the switch is quickly put in the open position by the action of the elastic return means which are provided mobile contact means, only the inertia specific to means of contact being liable to limit the speed opening of the electrical contact.
  • the lock mechanism may have a mass high total and be associated with visualization means triggers or auxiliary devices detection.
  • the lock mechanism is provided own return means, arranged so as to press towards its rest position when it is decoupled mechanically mobile contact means. Thanks to that characteristic, after tripping of the switch on a fault, the lock mechanism automatically resumes its rest position.
  • the releasable connecting means include: a ramp or abutment surface provided in the movable contact means, an integral retaining element of a part of said lock mechanism and capable of cooperate with said ramp, and a trigger element having a guide surface, this element being able take an engaged position, for which said guide surface holds said retainer against said ramp, and a triggered position for which said guide surface is remote from said ramp.
  • the switch can be provided with temporary stop means likely to take an active position in which they stand in the way of the mobile contact means towards their work position; elastic means of energy storage to allow the continuation of the displacement of the control means towards their position of work while the mobile contact means are stopped and to store the mechanical energy transmitted to said means of contact ; and means for placing in the inactive position said stop means when said lock mechanism reaches the vicinity of its working position.
  • the temporary stop means are provided with elastic return means urging them towards their active position, and the means used to position inactive the temporary stop means include an element integral with the lock mechanism and arranged to move said stop means away from their position active when the lock mechanism is at near his working position.
  • said lock mechanism forms, in cooperation with the mobile contact means and said means of elastic reminder of mobile contact, a mechanical system bistable whose two stable positions, called working and rest, correspond respectively to the positions of work and rest of said mobile contact means.
  • FIGs 1 to 4 schematically represent a differential circuit breaker comprising a contact mobile 50, a fixed contact 51, control means and means of trip on fault, which will be described more far.
  • the words “mobile” and “fixed” are considered here by relation to the chassis (not shown) of the switch.
  • the switch is shown in the initial position - or rest -, contacts 50, 51 open. It has a relay 1, which constitutes a trip device in the event of differential electrical faults occurring on the circuit controlled by the switch.
  • Relay 1 is held in the reset position, supported by a spring 2, by via a reset lever 3 articulated at 3a on the device chassis. This lever 3 takes itself support on a stop 4 of a slide 5 connected functionally in movable contact 50 by means which will be described later with reference to Figures 6 to 10.
  • the slide 5 is mounted on the chassis to vertical sliding, according to Figures 1 to 3, by means not shown, and it is subject to the action of elastic return means tending to move it towards the top of these figures.
  • These return means are shown schematically in Figures 1 to 3 in the form of a powerful spring 5a, ensuring contact pressure.
  • the lock mechanism comprises a lever 6, articulated around an axis 6a on the chassis, susceptible to be mechanically connected to slide 5 by through a rod - or connecting rod - 7 including one end 7a is articulated on lever 6 and the other of which end 7b is capable of acting on a shoulder 11 provided on slide 5 and opening into a groove of oblique guide 11a of the slide 5 in which the end 7b can retract when it escapes shoulder 11.
  • a contact position indicator 8 articulated around an axis 8a on the chassis, is moved angularly, during the vertical displacement of the slide 5, by the action of an end 8b of an extension 8c of said indicator 8.
  • the end 8b slides in a groove oblique 9 of the slide 5.
  • the indicator 8 indicates, through a window 10, the position (closed or open) of the contacts 50, 51 of the switch.
  • the switch shown further comprises a differential fault display including a ratchet 16 cooperating with a hooking element 17 of an indicator differential release 18 rotatably mounted around a axis which is preferably aligned with axis 8a of the indicator 8.
  • a return spring 19 urges the differential trigger indicator 18 in the direction anti-clockwise (according to figure 3).
  • the trigger 13 is itself blocked in its position, called “engaged position", in which it is shown in Figures 1 and 2, by a ratchet in the form of half-moon 14 rotatably mounted around an axis 14a on the chassis, and associated with a return spring 14b.
  • the trigger 13 thus takes the so-called position "triggered" shown in Figure 3, for which the guide edge 12a disappears, which results in allow the end 7b of the rod 7 to slide along an oblique edge 11b extending downward the shoulder 11 of the groove 11a, as well as along the part substantially horizontal 12c of the square groove 12, and allow the slider 5 to return to the high position -or rest position - corresponding to the open state of contacts 50, 51.
  • the angle of inclination of the edge 11b of the groove 11a, as well as that of the part 12c of the groove 12 are choose so that when the guide edge 12a disappears in front of the end 7b, there is a decoupling optimal mechanics between the slide 5, the connecting rod 7 and the trigger 13.
  • the movement towards top of slide 5 can be done very quickly because the slide 5 is mechanically decoupled from all other parts of the control mechanism, so that it is slowed down by inertia and the forces of friction of any of the parts, in motion at that time, the control mechanism of the switch, apart from its own inertia of this slide 5 and the friction forces to which it is subject.
  • Indicator 8 is returned to its original position by the oblique groove 9 of the slide 5.
  • the fault trip display is performed automatically as follows: during rotation, the trigger 13 acts on the pawl 16 which releases the hooking element 17 from the differential trigger 18 which in turn moves in front of window 10 under the action of spring 19.
  • the lever 3 When the slider 5 reaches the vicinity of its high position, the lever 3 is returned to the rearmed position thanks to the action of the stopper 4.
  • the lever 6 returns also in the initial position (which is that of figure 1) by a pivoting caused by the action of a spring of reminder 20 suitably sized, until said lever 6 meets an opening end-of-travel stop (not shown).
  • This return to the initial position of the lever 6 is accompanied by the return to the starting position (position of figure 1) of the other parts of the switch control, including that of the trigger 13 under the action of a return spring 22, such that a torsion spring as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • differential indicator 18 is returned to the starting position by a new actuation of the lever 6 including an actuating element 6b ( Figure 2) acts on a lever 21 of this indicator 18.
  • Figure 4 shows the trigger 13 in position engaged, while the contacts 50, 51 are closed.
  • the lever arm L1 of action of force f defined above and the arm of lever L2 of the force acting on the pawl 14, are chosen so as to multiply the efforts sufficiently transmitted by the return means 5a to the pawl 14 of the trigger 13, via slide 5, of the shoulder 11, the end 7b of the rod 7, and the edge 12a of the groove 12. This reduction makes it possible to limit the force required to trip on fault of the switch at the differential relay 1, without that there is a need for parts or intermediate returns.
  • the spring 22 associated with the trigger 13, which is preferably a torsion spring as shown schematically in Figures 4 and 5, is suitably dimensioned and arranged to allow a clearance 23 (figure 1) essential for resetting the pawl 14.
  • Spring 22 also contributes, by an adequate dosage of its strength, to decrease the force exerted on the coupling between trigger 13 and ratchet 14.
  • the end 7b of the rod 7, the groove 11a of the slide 5, and the trigger 13 provided with the groove 12 together form a mechanical connection device releasable capable of coupling and uncoupling mechanically the slide 5 and the control mechanism 3, 6, 7, 11 to 14.
  • this connecting device 7b, 11a, 13 When this connecting device 7b, 11a, 13 is in the active - or engaged - position (position which corresponds to the triggered position of trigger 13 such as shown in Figures 1 and 2), it allows the mechanism control 3, 6, 7, 11 to 14 to form, with the slider 5 provided with its elastic return means 5a, a system bistable mechanics whose stable positions correspond, respectively, in the open ( Figure 1) and closed positions ( Figure 2) of the contacts 50, 51.
  • control mechanism 3, 6, 7, 11 to 14 of the switch which has just been described has the advantage require only a small number of parts, while integrating the possibility of performing additional functions such as viewing the trip on fault differential (performed by elements 16 to 19) or indication of the position of the contacts (performed by elements 8 and 9).
  • FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of the parts of the control mechanisms and related functions, sandwiched between two plates 52 and 53 which are kept fixed to each other by means of spacers 54.
  • the limited number of rooms and the arrangement of these between the two plates 52, 53 allow a easy assembly automation, all parts being mounted in a preferred direction on one of the plates, for example plate 52 serving as a base for mounting.
  • the layout shown is particularly adapted to the case where the mobile contact (s) are substantially parallel to the base of the camera body away from the controller.
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view of the part ensuring the "contact" function of the switch differential, this part being represented only very schematically in Figures 1 to 4.
  • This part, shown in Figures 6 to 10 allows rapid closing of contacts, i.e. the very rapid movement of the movable contacts to the fixed contact (s), with a very high contact pressure obtained from the start of closing.
  • This device can be advantageously combined to the device according to FIGS. 1 to 5, but it can also be mounted independently on any other switch. According to the example shown, this function is performed by two movable contact blades 100 (see also Figures 7 to 10) which are placed substantially horizontally in a base 101 forming part of the switch chassis.
  • Each blades 100 is mounted in the base 101 so as to ability to move substantially vertically, that is to say transversely to its plane, and able rotate within a certain angular limit around its end 100a opposite to that 100b carrying the contact mobile 50 (see Figure 7).
  • the base 101 houses a breaking chamber which is equipped, as is known, arc extinguishing elements, such as holding plates voltage 102 and deionization plates 103. Terminals connection 104 are placed on either side of the breaking chamber.
  • a temporary stop element 105 is mounted on the base 101, above the contact blades 100, so that ability to rotate around a horizontal axis.
  • Element 105 which is returned to a rest position by a spring not shown, is intended to cooperate with the blades 100 which are each provided with a notch 106 whose role will be explained later.
  • the breaking chamber is closed by a cover 107, snapped onto the base 101 ensuring compression contact springs 108 each associated with a blade 100.
  • the cover 107 also carries supports 109 for the fixed contacts 51, as well as other parts of the switch which are not shown in Figure 6.
  • a contact carrier spring 110 acts on a contact carrier 111 which is mounted in the base 101 to rotation about a horizontal axis. As it will explained below, the spring 110 cooperating with the contact springs 108 is intended to increase the speed opening of the mobile contacts in the event of tripping on default.
  • Figure 7 shows the position "contacts open “of the device.
  • the slide to move down control 5 Figures 1 to 4
  • the contact carrier 111 acts through a surface cam 112, on the blades 100 at a midpoint of these last, in order to move them up against springs 108.
  • the ends 100a of the blades 100 being in support on a stop 101a of the base 101, the blades 100 rotate around their ends 100a, movement tending to bring their end 100b closer, fixed contact 51 associated.
  • the blades 100 are stopped in this rotational movement, shortly before contact closure 50, 51, by a stop 113 placed on the stop element temporary 105. At this precise moment, the latter is trained rotating counterclockwise by a surface of cam 114 of the contact carrier 111. In this phase of the movement which corresponds to FIG. 9, the blades 100 rotate around the cam surface 112 by compressing their spring 108. If one continues to act on the joystick command 6, the rotation of element 105 continues until that the stops 113 are located opposite the notches 106 of the blades 100 and enter it causing the closure contacts (figure 10). Contact springs 108 from this moment ensure a contact pressure close to operating pressure.
  • Figures 11 to 15, 16a and 16b show a another embodiment of a differential switch which allows, like the one just described, a closure and rapid opening of the contacts, and in which the contact pressure when the contacts are closed is high and close to the operating pressure.
  • Figure 11 shows schematically switch in reset position, contacts open.
  • the relay 1 is held in the reset position by a spring 200 via a reset lever 201 and a stop 202 of a contact carrier 203.
  • the latter is mounted on the chassis rotating about an axis 203a.
  • a contact position indicator 207 driven by an oblique groove 208 of the contact carrier 203, indicates the closed position of the contacts through a window 209 formed on a cover (not shown) of the chassis of the device.
  • the rod 206 double bent to form end branches offset from either side of the central lever arm, presses on a central shoulder 210 of contact carrier 203 and is held in position by a guide surface 211, with a concave profile, of a trigger 212, articulated on the chassis in 212a and itself blocked by a ratchet 213 in the shape of a half-moon recalled in locking position by a weak spring (not shown).
  • the contact carrier 203 has an arm 203b which repels down a powerful return spring (not shown) which requests it in the direction of contact opening.
  • the joint 212a is not very far from the shoulder 210 of contact carrier 203.
  • the relay 1 acts on the reset lever 201 which drives in rotation the pawl 213, releasing the spout 212b from the trigger 212 located at the free end of the trigger, which can then, against its weak spring of reminder 223, turn counterclockwise under the pressure of the rod 206 pushed back by the shoulder 210 of the contact carrier 203.
  • the connecting rod 206 escapes by sliding against the guide surface 211 of the trigger 212, allowing contact carrier 203 to return to the "open contacts" position under the influence of return spring acting on the arm 203b without being slowed down by any of the elements of the command 6, 201, 204 to 206 and 211 to 213.
  • the indicator rotary 207 is returned to its initial position by the groove oblique 208 of the contact carrier 203 which drives an arm 207a of the indicator.
  • the trigger 212 raises, by a relief 212c, a trigger indicator sliding differential 220 and indicator 220 normally blocked by a spout 220a against a fixed stop 219 against which pushes its return spring 221, moves in front of a window 222.
  • the indicator 220 drives counter-clockwise 226 pivoting about an axis 226a which allows the transmission of the rotational movement to a device usual auxiliary which can be coupled to the switch differential.
  • the connecting piece 226 can be coupled to an appliance auxiliary, through a light in the wall of the housing the switch, is driven until a ramp 220b of the indicator 220 meets a fixed relief 220c, which raise the pointer and release room 226.
  • the auxiliary device if the auxiliary device is present, its mechanism, coupled to Exhibit 226 prohibits the return thereof, which, if not, would have occurred under the effect of its elastic return means 226b, and this until the user has rearmed the auxiliary device. In this position the part 226 prevents the pawl 213 from returning to the rest position so that the manual reset of the switch according to the invention is precluded because the guide surface 211 always lets out the end 206a of the connecting rod 206 out of reach of the contact carrier.
  • Exhibit 226 has been returned to its original position, releasing the arm 213a from the pawl 213, and the user can then reset the switch, causing clockwise rotation of indicator 207, which pushes the indicator of differential trigger 220 until hooking behind the stop 219 and taking care of the end or spout 226c of connecting piece 226. If the auxiliary device is not present, it is the elastic return means 226b which will have brought the part 226 back into the rest position.
  • Joystick 6 returns to the open position (from rest) under the action of its return spring 20, in authorizing the replacement of all parts of the control mechanism 201, 204 to 206 and 211 to 213 as shown in Figure 11.
  • the trigger indicator differential 220 if it has been activated, is reset, as saw it, by the next engagement of the mechanism lock by rotating the position indicator contacts 207.
  • the dimensioning of the lever arms L3, L4 and L5 allows to sufficiently multiply the efforts transmitted by contact springs (shown schematically in Figures 11 to 15 in the form of a spring 225 interposed between the contact carrier 203 and the contact 214) through the shoulder 210 of the contact carrier 203 to limit the force required to trip on switch fault, by differential relay 1, without that there is a need for parts or intermediate returns.
  • the spring 223, acting on the trigger 212 contributes, by an adequate dosage of its strength, to decrease the strength exerted on the coupling between trigger 212 and pawl 213.
  • This arrangement ensures optimal use efforts, in which the rod 206 rests on the contact carrier at a point 206a located on a spoke geometric of contact carrier 203 almost perpendicular to the rod 206, which makes the best use of the thrust of the spring 217 amplified by lever 218 in a position forming an obtuse angle with the connecting rods 205, 206, favoring fairly consistent thrust from the spring 217.
  • Figures 16a and 16b show, by views exploded, the main elements of the embodiment of Figures 11 to 15, mounted on either side of a plate 227 which allows to separate, on either side of a median plane of the device, represented by the plate, a space lock mechanism (Fig 16a) and a release space (Fig 16b).
  • Figure 17 shows the mechanism elements of mobile contact which are only represented very schematically by elements 203, 214 and 225 in the figures 11 to 14, this mechanism being able to be independent of the device described in Figures 11 to 16.
  • Movable contact blades 214 are placed vertically in the base 301 of the device so as to clear a place for a current measuring device differential 302.
  • the switching chamber is equipped of extinguishing elements of the arc which is created at the opening contacts.
  • these extinguishing elements consist of sheets of voltage maintenance 303 and deionization sheets 304.
  • Connection terminals 305 are placed on the one hand above the switch-off chamber and on the other hand below the measuring elements 302.
  • Preferably temporary stop elements 306 are placed above a contact carrier 203 and cooperate with notches 308 formed in the blades 214 as well as with tongues 309 of the contact carrier 203.
  • a return spring 310 acts on the arm 203b of the contact carrier 203.
  • the contact pressure is ensured by torsion springs 225 of which each leaf 214 is equipped. One end 312 of each of the springs is pressing on the contact carrier 203, while the part center of each spring 225 is fixed to the blade 214 associated and that the other end 311 of this spring 225 is resting on the base 301.

Abstract

It includes fixed contact means (51), moving contact means (5, 5a, 50) capable of taking up a working position and a rest position, an electrical fault detector (1, 2, 3, 14) reacting to a fault by setting itself to active position, and control means (6, 7, 20) for switching the said movable contact means in one or the other of the said positions. Releasable linking means (7b, 11, 11a) can selectively take up an engaged position, in which case they form a mechanical link between the said control means (6, 7, 20) and the said movable contact means (5, 5a, 50), and a tripped position, in which case the said movable contact means are mechanically decoupled from the said control means. These linking means in engaged position react to the setting of the fault detector (1 to 3, 14) in active position by putting themselves in tripped position. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un interrupteur électrique à déclenchement sur défaut, du type comportant : des moyens de contact fixe ; des moyens de contact mobile pouvant prendre une position de travail, dans laquelle ils coopèrent électriquement avec les moyens de contact fixe, et une position de repos pour laquelle aucune coopération électrique n'a lieu ; un mécanisme à serrure, actionnable par des moyens de commande manuelle pour mettre lesdits moyens de contact mobile dans l'une ou l'autre desdites positions ; des moyens élastiques de rappel pour solliciter les moyens de contact mobile vers leur position de repos ; et un détecteur de défaut électrique réagissant à un défaut en se mettant en position active pour déclencher ledit mécanisme de serrure et provoquer le retour desdits moyens de contact mobile vers la position de repos sous l'action desdits moyens élastiques de rappel. Des interrupteurs de ce type sont notamment les interrupteurs différentiels, par exemple déclenchés par un relais commandé par un tore de détection sensible à un courant différentiel.The present invention relates to a switch electric with fault tripping, of the type comprising: fixed contact means; mobile contact means able to take a working position, in which they cooperate electrically with the fixed contact means, and a rest position for which no cooperation electric does not take place; an actionable lock mechanism by manual control means to put said mobile contact means in either of said positions; elastic return means for urging the movable contact means towards their rest position; and an electrical fault detector reacting to a fault by going into active position to trigger said lock mechanism and cause the return of said means contact movable to the rest position under the action said elastic return means. Switches of this type are in particular the differential switches, by example triggered by a relay controlled by a toroid of detection sensitive to a differential current.

US-R-2 204 409 décrit un interrupteur électrique à déclenchement par défaut du type précité. Cet interrupteur comprend une platine montée de manière rotative dans un boítier d'interrupteur et sur laquelle est fixé un contact mobile. La platine est toujours en liaison avec un ressort bistable qui constitue l'un des éléments essentiels des moyens de commande.US-R-2 204 409 describes an electrical switch by default triggering of the aforementioned type. This switch includes a turntable mounted in a switch box and on which is fixed a mobile contact. The board is still in connection with a bistable spring which constitutes one of the elements essential control means.

L'interrupteur de ce document présente l'inconvénient qu'en cas d'un déclenchement par défaut, il se produit toujours un entraínement des moyens de commande.The switch in this document has the disadvantage that in the event of a default trip, always produces a drive control means.

Par conséquent, le mouvement des contacts mobiles se trouve ralenti par l'inertie des moyens de commande. Therefore, the movement of the moving contacts is slowed down by the inertia of the control means.

L'invention a pour but de proposer un interrupteur de ce type qui permette d'une part une ouverture rapide des contacts en cas de défaut et d'autre part une fermeture des contacts sous une pression indépendante de la manette ou autre organe d'actionnement manuel de l'interrupteur.The object of the invention is to propose a switch of this type which allows on the one hand a rapid opening of the contacts in the event of a fault and on the other hand closing of contacts under pressure independent of the lever or another manual actuation member of the switch.

D'autres buts de l'invention sont de réaliser une architecture d'appareil simple et facilitant le montage, d'optimiser les efforts transmis par les différentes parties du mécanisme, et d'assurer une visualisation ou détection efficace des déclenchements.Other objects of the invention are to achieve a simple device architecture and easy assembly, optimize the efforts transmitted by the different parties of the mechanism, and to ensure visualization or detection effective triggers.

Le premier de ces buts est atteint, conformément à l'invention, par le fait que l'interrupteur comporte en outre des moyens de liaison libérables pouvant prendre une position enclenchée, pour laquelle ils forment une liaison mécanique entre ledit mécanisme de serrure et lesdits moyens de contact mobile, et une position déclenchée, pour laquelle lesdits moyens de contact mobile sont libérés mécaniquement dudit mécanisme de serrure, et par le fait que lesdits moyens de liaison en position enclenchée réagissent à la mise en position active du détecteur de défaut en se mettant en position déclenchée.The first of these goals is achieved, in accordance with the invention, by the fact that the switch comprises in addition to releasable connecting means which can take a engaged position, for which they form a connection mechanical between said lock mechanism and said means contact, and a triggered position, for which said movable contact means are released mechanically said lock mechanism, and by the fact that said connecting means in the engaged position react to the placing the fault detector in the active position by putting in the triggered position.

Ainsi, lors de l'apparition d'un défaut, les moyens de contact mobile sont découplés mécaniquement dudit mécanisme de serrure et de ses moyens de commande, de sorte que l'interrupteur est mis rapidement en position ouverte par l'action des moyens élastiques de rappel dont sont munis les moyens de contact mobile, seule l'inertie propre des moyens de contact étant susceptible de limiter la rapidité de l'ouverture du contact électrique.Thus, when a fault occurs, the movable contact means are mechanically decoupled from said lock mechanism and its control means, so that the switch is quickly put in the open position by the action of the elastic return means which are provided mobile contact means, only the inertia specific to means of contact being liable to limit the speed opening of the electrical contact.

Par ailleurs, puisque leur inertie n'intervient plus dans la rapidité d'ouverture de l'interrupteur en cas de défaut, le mécanisme de serrure peut présenter une masse totale élevée et être associé à des moyens de visualisation des déclenchements ou à des appareils auxiliaires de détection.Furthermore, since their inertia does not intervene more in the speed of opening of the switch in case fault, the lock mechanism may have a mass high total and be associated with visualization means triggers or auxiliary devices detection.

Avantageusement, le mécanisme de serrure est muni de moyens de rappel propres, agencés de manière à le solliciter vers sa position de repos lorsqu'il est découplé mécaniquement des moyens de contact mobile. Grâce à cette caractéristique, après déclenchement de l'interrupteur sur un défaut, le mécanisme de sérrure reprend automatiquement sa position de repos.Advantageously, the lock mechanism is provided own return means, arranged so as to press towards its rest position when it is decoupled mechanically mobile contact means. Thanks to that characteristic, after tripping of the switch on a fault, the lock mechanism automatically resumes its rest position.

Avantageusement, les moyens de liaison libérables comprennent : une rampe ou surface de butée prévue dans les moyens de contact mobile, un élément de retenue solidaire d'une pièce dudit mécanisme de serrure et susceptible de coopérer avec ladite rampe, et un élément de déclenchement comportant une surface de guidage, cet élément pouvant prendre une position enclenchée, pour laquelle ladite surface de guidage maintient ledit élément de retenue contre ladite rampe, et une position déclenchée pour laquelle ladite surface de guidage est éloignée de ladite rampe.Advantageously, the releasable connecting means include: a ramp or abutment surface provided in the movable contact means, an integral retaining element of a part of said lock mechanism and capable of cooperate with said ramp, and a trigger element having a guide surface, this element being able take an engaged position, for which said guide surface holds said retainer against said ramp, and a triggered position for which said guide surface is remote from said ramp.

Afin d'atteindre le deuxième des buts susvisés, l'interrupteur peut être muni de moyens de butée temporaires susceptibles de prendre une position active dans laquelle ils s'interposent sur le trajet des moyens de contact mobile vers leur position de travail ; des moyens élastiques de stockage d'énergie pour permettre la poursuite du déplacement des moyens de commande vers leur position de travail alors que les moyens de contact mobile sont arrêtés et pour stocker l'énergie mécanique transmise auxdits moyens de contact ; et des moyens pour mettre en position inactive lesdits moyens de butée lorsque ledit mécanisme de serrure parvient au voisinage de sa position de travail. Grâce à cette utilisation de moyens de butée temporaires qui s'effacent lorsque le mécanisme de serrure atteint une position proche de sa position de travail, on obtient, dès la fermeture des contacts, une pression de contact élevée proche de la pression de service.In order to achieve the second of the above goals, the switch can be provided with temporary stop means likely to take an active position in which they stand in the way of the mobile contact means towards their work position; elastic means of energy storage to allow the continuation of the displacement of the control means towards their position of work while the mobile contact means are stopped and to store the mechanical energy transmitted to said means of contact ; and means for placing in the inactive position said stop means when said lock mechanism reaches the vicinity of its working position. Thanks to this use of temporary abutment means which clear when the lock mechanism reaches a position close to its working position, we obtain, from contact closure, high contact pressure close to operating pressure.

Avantageusement, les moyens de butée temporaires sont munis de moyens de rappel élastiques les sollicitant vers leur position active, et les moyens servant à mettre en position inactive les moyens de butée temporaires comprennent un élément solidaire du mécanisme de serrure et agencé pour écarter lesdits moyens de butée de leur position active lorsque le mécanisme de serrure se trouve au voisinage de sa position de travail.Advantageously, the temporary stop means are provided with elastic return means urging them towards their active position, and the means used to position inactive the temporary stop means include an element integral with the lock mechanism and arranged to move said stop means away from their position active when the lock mechanism is at near his working position.

Avantageusement, en position enclenchée des moyens de liaison, ledit mécanisme de serrure forme, en coopération avec les moyens de contact mobile et lesdits moyens de rappel élastiques de contact mobile, un système mécanique bistable dont les deux positions stables, dites de travail et de repos, correspondent respectivement aux positions de travail et de repos desdits moyens de contact mobile.Advantageously, in the engaged position of the means link, said lock mechanism forms, in cooperation with the mobile contact means and said means of elastic reminder of mobile contact, a mechanical system bistable whose two stable positions, called working and rest, correspond respectively to the positions of work and rest of said mobile contact means.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés dont :

  • les figures 1 à 3 représentent schématiquement différentes positions fonctionnelles d'un interrupteur électrique à déclenchement sur défaut, selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique partielle plus détaillée de l'interrupteur des figures 1 à 3, dans la position de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue éclatée partielle de l'interrupteur représenté aux figures 1 à 4, selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue éclatée complétant la figure 5;
  • les figures 7 à 10 sont des vues schématiques en coupe verticale en élévation de l'ensemble formé par les pièces de la figure 6, ces vues montrant différentes positions des moyens de commande et de contact mobile, selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention ;
  • les figures 11 à 15 représentent schématiquement différentes positions fonctionnelles d'un interrupteur électrique à déclenchement sur défaut, selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • les figures 16a et 16b sont des vues éclatées partielles du dispositif représenté schématiquement aux figures 11 à 15, selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 17 est une vue éclatée complétant les figures 16a et 16b ; et
  • les figures 18 à 21 sont des vues schématiques en coupe verticale en élévation de l'ensemble formé par les pièces de la figure 17, ces vues montrant différentes positions des moyens de commande et de contact mobile, selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows of several embodiments of the invention, description made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 schematically represent different functional positions of an electric switch with trip on fault, according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 4 is a more detailed partial schematic view of the switch of Figures 1 to 3, in the position of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a partial exploded view of the switch shown in Figures 1 to 4, according to a particular embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view supplementing Figure 5;
  • Figures 7 to 10 are schematic views in vertical section in elevation of the assembly formed by the parts of Figure 6, these views showing different positions of the control means and movable contact, according to a particular embodiment of the invention;
  • FIGS. 11 to 15 diagrammatically represent different functional positions of an electrical switch with trip on fault, according to a second embodiment of the invention;
  • Figures 16a and 16b are partial exploded views of the device shown schematically in Figures 11 to 15, according to an embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 17 is an exploded view supplementing Figures 16a and 16b; and
  • Figures 18 to 21 are schematic views in vertical section in elevation of the assembly formed by the parts of Figure 17, these views showing different positions of the control means and movable contact, according to one embodiment of the invention .

Les figures 1 à 4 représentent schématiquement un interrupteur-disjoncteur différentiel comportant un contact mobile 50, un contact fixe 51, des moyens de commande et des moyens de déclenchement sur défaut, qui seront décrits plus loin. Les mots "mobile" et "fixe" sont considérés ici par rapport au châssis (non montré) de l'interrupteur. A la figure 1, l'interrupteur est représenté en position initiale - ou de repos -, contacts 50, 51 ouverts. Il comporte un relais 1, qui constitue un organe de déclenchement en cas de défauts électriques différentiels se produisant sur le circuit commandé par l'interrupteur. Le relais 1 est maintenu en position réarmée, en appui par un ressort 2, par l'intermédiaire d'un levier de réarmement 3 articulé en 3a sur le châssis de l'appareil. Ce levier 3 prend lui-même appui sur une butée 4 d'un coulisseau 5 relié fonctionnellement au contact mobile 50 par des moyens qui seront décrits plus loin en référence aux figures 6 à 10.Figures 1 to 4 schematically represent a differential circuit breaker comprising a contact mobile 50, a fixed contact 51, control means and means of trip on fault, which will be described more far. The words "mobile" and "fixed" are considered here by relation to the chassis (not shown) of the switch. To the Figure 1, the switch is shown in the initial position - or rest -, contacts 50, 51 open. It has a relay 1, which constitutes a trip device in the event of differential electrical faults occurring on the circuit controlled by the switch. Relay 1 is held in the reset position, supported by a spring 2, by via a reset lever 3 articulated at 3a on the device chassis. This lever 3 takes itself support on a stop 4 of a slide 5 connected functionally in movable contact 50 by means which will be described later with reference to Figures 6 to 10.

Le coulisseau 5 est monté sur le châssis à coulissement vertical, selon les figures 1 à 3, par des moyens non représentés, et il est soumis à l'action de moyens élastiques de rappel tendant à le déplacer vers le haut de ces figures. Ces moyens de rappel sont représentés schématiquement aux figures 1 à 3 sous la forme d'un puissant ressort 5a, assurant la pression de contact.The slide 5 is mounted on the chassis to vertical sliding, according to Figures 1 to 3, by means not shown, and it is subject to the action of elastic return means tending to move it towards the top of these figures. These return means are shown schematically in Figures 1 to 3 in the form of a powerful spring 5a, ensuring contact pressure.

Le mécanisme de serrure comprend une manette 6, articulée autour d'un axe 6a sur le châssis, susceptible d'être reliée mécaniquement au coulisseau 5 par l'intermédiaire d'une tige - ou bielle - 7 dont une extrémité 7a est articulée sur la manette 6 et dont l'autre extrémité 7b est susceptible d'agir sur un épaulement 11 prévu sur le coulissau 5 et débouchant dans une rainure de guidage oblique 11a du coulisseau 5 dans laquelle l'extrémité 7b peut s'escamoter quand elle échappe à l'épaulement 11.The lock mechanism comprises a lever 6, articulated around an axis 6a on the chassis, susceptible to be mechanically connected to slide 5 by through a rod - or connecting rod - 7 including one end 7a is articulated on lever 6 and the other of which end 7b is capable of acting on a shoulder 11 provided on slide 5 and opening into a groove of oblique guide 11a of the slide 5 in which the end 7b can retract when it escapes shoulder 11.

Un indicateur de position des contacts 8, articulé autour d'un axe 8a sur le châssis, est déplacé angulairement, lors du déplacement vertical du coulisseau 5, par l'action d'une extrémité 8b d'un prolongement 8c dudit indicateur 8. L'extrémité 8b coulisse dans une rainure oblique 9 du coulisseau 5. L'indicateur 8 indique, à travers une fenêtre 10, la position (fermée ou ouverte) des contacts 50, 51 de l'interrupteur.A contact position indicator 8, articulated around an axis 8a on the chassis, is moved angularly, during the vertical displacement of the slide 5, by the action of an end 8b of an extension 8c of said indicator 8. The end 8b slides in a groove oblique 9 of the slide 5. The indicator 8 indicates, through a window 10, the position (closed or open) of the contacts 50, 51 of the switch.

Comme le montre en particulier la figure 3, l'interrupteur représenté comporte en outre un organe de visualisation de défaut différentiel comprenant un cliquet 16 coopérant avec un élément d'accrochage 17 d'un indicateur de déclenchement différentiel 18 monté rotatif autour d'un axe qui est de préférence aligné avec l'axe 8a de l'indicateur 8. Un ressort de rappel 19 sollicite l'indicateur de déclenchement différentiel 18 dans le sens anti-horaire (selon la figure 3).As shown in particular in Figure 3, the switch shown further comprises a differential fault display including a ratchet 16 cooperating with a hooking element 17 of an indicator differential release 18 rotatably mounted around a axis which is preferably aligned with axis 8a of the indicator 8. A return spring 19 urges the differential trigger indicator 18 in the direction anti-clockwise (according to figure 3).

L'interrupteur qui vient d'être décrit fonctionne de la manière suivante. Partant de la position ouverte (figure 1), les contacts 50, 51 sont fermés par une action manuelle sur la manette 6 dans le sens anti-horaire qui fait passer celle-ci de la position de la figure 1 à celle de la figure 2. Durant cette action, la bielle 7 appuie par son extrémité 7b sur l'épaulement 11 du coulisseau 5 pour déplacer ce dernier vers le bas à l'encontre des moyens de rappel 5a. Pendant toute la durée de ce mouvement, l'extrémité 7b est maintenue en appui sur l'épaulement 11 par le bord de droite 12a de la partie sensiblement verticale 12b d'une rainure en forme d'équerre 12 ménagée dans une pièce, dite "déclencheur" 13, qui est montée rotative sur le châssis autour d'un axe 13a.The switch which has just been described works as follows. Starting from the open position (Figure 1), the contacts 50, 51 are closed by an action manually on lever 6 counterclockwise which makes pass this one from the position of figure 1 to that of the figure 2. During this action, the connecting rod 7 presses by its end 7b on the shoulder 11 of the slide 5 for move the latter down against the means of reminder 5a. Throughout the duration of this movement, the end 7b is held in abutment on the shoulder 11 by the right edge 12a of the part substantially vertical 12b of a square-shaped groove 12 formed in a room, called "trigger" 13, which is mounted rotating on the chassis around an axis 13a.

Le déclencheur 13 est lui-même bloqué dans sa position, dite "position enclenchée", dans laquelle il est représenté aux figures 1 et 2, par un cliquet en forme de demi-lune 14 monté rotatif autour d'un axe 14a sur le châssis, et associé à un ressort de rappel 14b.The trigger 13 is itself blocked in its position, called "engaged position", in which it is shown in Figures 1 and 2, by a ratchet in the form of half-moon 14 rotatably mounted around an axis 14a on the chassis, and associated with a return spring 14b.

La mise en position fermée des contacts 50, 51 est accomplie lorsque le mouvement de la manette 6 est stoppé par une butée de fin de course de fermeture (non représentée). A ce moment, la position du coulisseau 5 correspond à la mise à l'état fermé des contacts 50, 51 (figure 2).Putting the contacts 50, 51 in the closed position is accomplished when the movement of lever 6 is stopped by a closing end stop (not shown). At this time, the position of the slide 5 corresponds to setting contacts 50, 51 to the closed state (figure 2).

Durant l'action de fermeture des contacts de l'interrupteur, le prolongement 8c de l'indicateur 8 est déplacé vers la gauche par la rainure oblique 9 du coulisseau 5, de sorte que l'indicateur 8 se déplace vers la droite devant la fenêtre 10, en donnant, à la fin de cette action, une indication de la position fermée des contacts (figure 2).During the action of closing the contacts of the switch, the extension 8c of the indicator 8 is moved to the left by the oblique groove 9 of the slide 5, so that the indicator 8 moves towards the right in front of window 10, giving, at the end of this action, an indication of the closed position of the contacts (figure 2).

En cas de défaut différentiel survenant alors que le déclencheur 13 se trouve en position enclenchée, et que le coulisseau 5 se trouve en position basse - ou position de travail - correspondant à l'état fermé des contacts 50, 51 (position de la figure 2), le relais 1 agit sur le levier 3 qui est libre de pivoter vers le bas, la butée 4 s'étant effacée. Durant ce mouvement, le levier 3 entraíne en rotation le cliquet 14, en libérant l'accrochage du déclencheur 13 qui est alors libre de tourner autour de l'axe 13a, dans le sens horaire, sous la pression de l'extrémité 7b de la bielle 7, extrémité exerçant une force f (figure 4) sur le bord de guidage 12a de la rainure 12. L'extrémité 7b est, en effet, elle-même repoussée ver le haut par l'épaulement 11 du coulisseau 5 lui-même soumis à l'action des moyens de rappel 5a (figure 3).In the event of a differential fault occurring while the trigger 13 is in the engaged position, and that the slide 5 is in the low position - or work - corresponding to the closed state of contacts 50, 51 (position of figure 2), the relay 1 acts on the lever 3 which is free to pivot downwards, the stop 4 having erased. During this movement, the lever 3 drives in rotation the pawl 14, releasing the hooking of the trigger 13 which is then free to turn around axis 13a, clockwise, under pressure from the end 7b of the connecting rod 7, end exerting a force f (Figure 4) on the guide edge 12a of the groove 12. The end 7b is, in fact, itself pushed back towards the high by the shoulder 11 of the slide 5 itself subjected to the action of the return means 5a (Figure 3).

Le déclencheur 13 prend ainsi la position dite "déclenchée" représentée à la figure 3, pour laquelle le bord de guidage 12a s'efface, ce qui a pour conséquence de permettre à l'extrémité 7b de la tige 7 de glisser le long d'un bord oblique 11b prolongeant vers le bas l'épaulement 11 de la rainure 11a, ainsi que le long de la partie sensiblement horizontale 12c de la rainure en équerre 12, et de permettre au coulisseau 5 de revenir en position haute -ou position de repos - correspondant à l'état ouvert des contacts 50, 51.The trigger 13 thus takes the so-called position "triggered" shown in Figure 3, for which the guide edge 12a disappears, which results in allow the end 7b of the rod 7 to slide along an oblique edge 11b extending downward the shoulder 11 of the groove 11a, as well as along the part substantially horizontal 12c of the square groove 12, and allow the slider 5 to return to the high position -or rest position - corresponding to the open state of contacts 50, 51.

L'angle d'inclinaison du bord 11b de la rainure 11a, ainsi que celui de la partie 12c de la rainure 12 sont choisis de manière que, au moment où le bord de guidage 12a s'efface devant l'extrémité 7b, il y ait un désaccouplement mécanique optimal entre le coulisseau 5, la bielle 7 et le déclencheur 13.The angle of inclination of the edge 11b of the groove 11a, as well as that of the part 12c of the groove 12 are choose so that when the guide edge 12a disappears in front of the end 7b, there is a decoupling optimal mechanics between the slide 5, the connecting rod 7 and the trigger 13.

Grâce à ces dispositions, le mouvement vers le haut du coulisseau 5 peut s'effectuer très rapidement car le coulisseau 5 est à ce moment découplé mécaniquement de toutes les autres pièces du mécanisme de commande, de sorte qu'il n'est ralenti par l'inertie et les forces de frottement d'aucune des pièces, en mouvement à ce moment-là, du mécanisme de commande de l'interrupeur, hormis la propre inertie de ce coulisseau 5 et les forces de frottement auxquelles celui-ci est soumis.Thanks to these provisions, the movement towards top of slide 5 can be done very quickly because the slide 5 is mechanically decoupled from all other parts of the control mechanism, so that it is slowed down by inertia and the forces of friction of any of the parts, in motion at that time, the control mechanism of the switch, apart from its own inertia of this slide 5 and the friction forces to which it is subject.

L'indicateur 8 est ramené à sa position initiale par la rainure oblique 9 du coulisseau 5.Indicator 8 is returned to its original position by the oblique groove 9 of the slide 5.

L'affichage du déclenchement sur défaut est réalisé automatiquement de la manière suivante : en cours de rotation, le déclencheur 13 agit sur le cliquet 16 qui libère l'élément d'accrochage 17 de l'indicateur de déclenchement différentiel 18 qui, à son tour, se déplace devant la fenêtre 10 sous l'action du ressort 19.The fault trip display is performed automatically as follows: during rotation, the trigger 13 acts on the pawl 16 which releases the hooking element 17 from the differential trigger 18 which in turn moves in front of window 10 under the action of spring 19.

Lorsque le coulisseau 5 parvient au voisinage de sa position haute, le levier 3 est remis en position réarmée grâce à l'action de la butée 4. La manette 6 revient elle aussi en position initiale (qui est celle de la figure 1) par un pivotement provoqué par l'action d'un ressort de rappel 20 convenablement dimensionné, jusqu'à ce que ladite manette 6 rencontre une butée de fin de course d'ouverture (non représentée). Cette remise en position initiale de la manette 6 s'accompagne de la remise en position de départ (position de la figure 1) des autres pièces du mécanisme de commande de l'interrupteur, et notamment celle du déclencheur 13 sous l'action d'un ressort de rappel 22, tel qu'un ressort de torsion comme le montrent les figures 4 et 5.When the slider 5 reaches the vicinity of its high position, the lever 3 is returned to the rearmed position thanks to the action of the stopper 4. The lever 6 returns also in the initial position (which is that of figure 1) by a pivoting caused by the action of a spring of reminder 20 suitably sized, until said lever 6 meets an opening end-of-travel stop (not shown). This return to the initial position of the lever 6 is accompanied by the return to the starting position (position of figure 1) of the other parts of the switch control, including that of the trigger 13 under the action of a return spring 22, such that a torsion spring as shown in Figures 4 and 5.

Il est à noter que l'indicateur différentiel 18 est remis en position de départ par un nouvel actionnement de la manette 6 dont un élément d'actionnement 6b (figure 2) agit sur un levier 21 de cet indicateur 18.It should be noted that the differential indicator 18 is returned to the starting position by a new actuation of the lever 6 including an actuating element 6b (Figure 2) acts on a lever 21 of this indicator 18.

La figure 4 montre le déclencheur 13 en position enclenchée, alors que les contacts 50, 51 sont fermés. Comme on peut le voir sur cette figure, le bras de levier L1 d'action de la force f définie ci-dessus et le bras de levier L2 de la force agissant sur le cliquet 14, sont choisis de manière à démultiplier suffisamment les efforts transmis par les moyens de rappel 5a au cliquet 14 du déclencheur 13, par l'intermédiaire du coulisseau 5, de l'épaulement 11, de l'extrémité 7b de la tige 7, et du bord 12a de la rainure 12. Cette démultiplication permet de limiter la force nécessaire au déclenchement sur défaut de l'interrupteur au niveau du relais différentiel 1, sans qu'il y ait besoin de pièces ou renvois intermédiaires.Figure 4 shows the trigger 13 in position engaged, while the contacts 50, 51 are closed. As we can see in this figure, the lever arm L1 of action of force f defined above and the arm of lever L2 of the force acting on the pawl 14, are chosen so as to multiply the efforts sufficiently transmitted by the return means 5a to the pawl 14 of the trigger 13, via slide 5, of the shoulder 11, the end 7b of the rod 7, and the edge 12a of the groove 12. This reduction makes it possible to limit the force required to trip on fault of the switch at the differential relay 1, without that there is a need for parts or intermediate returns.

Le ressort 22 associé au déclencheur 13, qui est de préférence un ressort de torsion comme représenté schématiquement aux figures 4 et 5, est convenablement dimensionné et agencé pour permettre un jeu 23 (figure 1) indispensable au réarmement du cliquet 14. Le ressort 22 contribue également, par un dosage adéquat de sa force, à diminuer la force exercée sur l'accrochage entre déclencheur 13 et cliquet 14.The spring 22 associated with the trigger 13, which is preferably a torsion spring as shown schematically in Figures 4 and 5, is suitably dimensioned and arranged to allow a clearance 23 (figure 1) essential for resetting the pawl 14. Spring 22 also contributes, by an adequate dosage of its strength, to decrease the force exerted on the coupling between trigger 13 and ratchet 14.

L'extrémité 7b de la tige 7, la rainure 11a du coulisseau 5, et le déclencheur 13 muni de la rainure 12 forment ensemble un dispositif de liaison mécanique libérable susceptible d'accoupler et de désaccoupler mécaniquement le coulisseau 5 et le mécanisme de commande 3, 6, 7, 11 à 14. Lorsque ce dispositif de liaison 7b, 11a, 13 est en position active - ou embrayée - (position qui correspond à la position enclenchée du déclencheur 13 telle que représentée aux figures 1 et 2), il permet au mécanisme de commande 3, 6, 7, 11 à 14 de former, avec le coulisseau 5 muni de ses moyens de rappel élastiques 5a, un système mécanique bistable dont les positions stables correspondent, respectivement, aux positions ouverte (figure 1) et fermée (figure 2) des contacts 50, 51.The end 7b of the rod 7, the groove 11a of the slide 5, and the trigger 13 provided with the groove 12 together form a mechanical connection device releasable capable of coupling and uncoupling mechanically the slide 5 and the control mechanism 3, 6, 7, 11 to 14. When this connecting device 7b, 11a, 13 is in the active - or engaged - position (position which corresponds to the triggered position of trigger 13 such as shown in Figures 1 and 2), it allows the mechanism control 3, 6, 7, 11 to 14 to form, with the slider 5 provided with its elastic return means 5a, a system bistable mechanics whose stable positions correspond, respectively, in the open (Figure 1) and closed positions (Figure 2) of the contacts 50, 51.

En revanche, lorsque le dispositif de liaison 7b, 11a, 13 se trouve en position débrayée - ou inactive - (figure 3), le mécanisme de commande 3, 6, 7, 11 à 14 constitue, grâce notamment au ressort de rappel 20 de la manette 6, un système mécanique monostable tendant à revenir à sa position représentée en figure 1. On the other hand, when the connecting device 7b, 11a, 13 is in the disengaged - or inactive - position (Figure 3), the control mechanism 3, 6, 7, 11 to 14 is, thanks in particular to the return spring 20 of the lever 6, a monostable mechanical system tending to return at its position shown in Figure 1.

Le mécanisme de commande 3, 6, 7, 11 à 14 de l'interrupteur qui vient d'être décrit présente l'avantage de ne nécessiter qu'un faible nombre de pièces, tout en intégrant la possibilité de réaliser des fonctions annexes telles que la visualisation du déclenchement sur défaut différentiel (réalisée par les éléments 16 à 19) ou l'indication de la position des contacts (réalisée par les éléments 8 et 9).The control mechanism 3, 6, 7, 11 to 14 of the switch which has just been described has the advantage require only a small number of parts, while integrating the possibility of performing additional functions such as viewing the trip on fault differential (performed by elements 16 to 19) or indication of the position of the contacts (performed by elements 8 and 9).

La figure 5 montre l'agencement des pièces des mécanismes de commande et de fonctions annexes, en sandwich entre deux platines 52 et 53 qui sont maintenues fixées l'une à l'autre par l'intermédiaire d'entretoises 54.Figure 5 shows the arrangement of the parts of the control mechanisms and related functions, sandwiched between two plates 52 and 53 which are kept fixed to each other by means of spacers 54.

Le nombre restreint des pièces et l'agencement de celles-ci entre les deux platines 52, 53 permettent une automatisation aisée du montage, toutes les pièces étant montées suivant une direction préférentielle sur l'une des platines, par exemple la platine 52 servant de base de montage. La disposition représentée est particulièrement adaptée au cas où le ou les contacts mobiles sont sensiblement parallèles à la base du boítier de l'appareil éloignée de la manette.The limited number of rooms and the arrangement of these between the two plates 52, 53 allow a easy assembly automation, all parts being mounted in a preferred direction on one of the plates, for example plate 52 serving as a base for mounting. The layout shown is particularly adapted to the case where the mobile contact (s) are substantially parallel to the base of the camera body away from the controller.

La figure 6 est une vue éclatée de la partie assurant la fonction "contact" de l'interrupteur différentiel, cette partie n'étant représentée que très schématiquement aux figures 1 à 4. Cette partie, représentée sur les figures 6 à 10, permet la fermeture rapide des contacts, c'est-à-dire le mouvement très rapide du ou des contacts mobiles vers le ou les contacts fixes, avec une pression de contact très élevée obtenue dès le début de la fermeture. Ce dispositif peut être avantageusement associé au dispositif selon les figures 1 à 5, mais il peut aussi être monté indépendamment sur tout autre interrupteur. Selon l'exemple représenté, cette fonction est assurée par deux lames de contact mobiles 100 (voir aussi les figures 7 à 10) qui sont placées de façon sensiblement horizontale dans un socle 101 faisant partie du châssis de l'interrupteur. Cette disposition des lames de contact 100 permet de limiter le chemin parcouru par le courant, ce qui autorise une réduction des sections des différents éléments conducteurs tout en gardant un niveau d'échauffement acceptable. Chacune des lames 100 est montée dans le socle 101 de manière à pouvoir se déplacer de façon sensiblement verticale, c'est-à-dire transversalement à son plan, et à pouvoir pivoter dans une certaine limite angulaire autour de son extrémité 100a opposée à celle 100b portant le contact mobile 50 (voir la figure 7). Le socle 101 abrite une chambre de coupure qui est équipée, comme il est connu, d'éléments d'extinction d'arc, tels que tôles de maintien de tension 102 et tôles de désionisation 103. Des bornes de raccordement 104 sont placées de part et d'autre de la chambre de coupure.Figure 6 is an exploded view of the part ensuring the "contact" function of the switch differential, this part being represented only very schematically in Figures 1 to 4. This part, shown in Figures 6 to 10, allows rapid closing of contacts, i.e. the very rapid movement of the movable contacts to the fixed contact (s), with a very high contact pressure obtained from the start of closing. This device can be advantageously combined to the device according to FIGS. 1 to 5, but it can also be mounted independently on any other switch. According to the example shown, this function is performed by two movable contact blades 100 (see also Figures 7 to 10) which are placed substantially horizontally in a base 101 forming part of the switch chassis. This arrangement of the contact blades 100 makes it possible to limit the path traveled by the current, which authorizes a reduction of the sections of the various conductive elements while maintaining an acceptable level of heating. Each blades 100 is mounted in the base 101 so as to ability to move substantially vertically, that is to say transversely to its plane, and able rotate within a certain angular limit around its end 100a opposite to that 100b carrying the contact mobile 50 (see Figure 7). The base 101 houses a breaking chamber which is equipped, as is known, arc extinguishing elements, such as holding plates voltage 102 and deionization plates 103. Terminals connection 104 are placed on either side of the breaking chamber.

Un élément de butée temporaire 105 est monté sur le socle 101, au-dessus des lames de contact 100, de façon à pouvoir tourner autour d'un axe horizontal. L'élément 105, qui est rappelé vers une position de repos par un ressort non représenté, est destiné à coopérer avec les lames 100 qui sont munies chacune d'une échancrure 106 dont le rôle sera expliqué plus loin.A temporary stop element 105 is mounted on the base 101, above the contact blades 100, so that ability to rotate around a horizontal axis. Element 105, which is returned to a rest position by a spring not shown, is intended to cooperate with the blades 100 which are each provided with a notch 106 whose role will be explained later.

La chambre de coupure est fermée par un couvercle 107, encliqueté sur le socle 101 en assurant la compression de ressorts de contact 108 associés chacun à une lame 100. Le couvercle 107 porte également des supports 109 pour les contacts fixes 51, ainsi que d'autres pièces de l'interrupteur qui ne sont pas représentées à la figure 6.The breaking chamber is closed by a cover 107, snapped onto the base 101 ensuring compression contact springs 108 each associated with a blade 100. The cover 107 also carries supports 109 for the fixed contacts 51, as well as other parts of the switch which are not shown in Figure 6.

Un ressort de porte-contacts 110 agit sur un porte-contacts 111 qui est monté dans le socle 101 à rotation autour d'un axe horizontal. Comme cela sera expliqué plus loin, le ressort 110 coopérant avec les ressorts de contact 108 est destiné à augmenter la vitesse d'ouverture des contacts mobiles en cas de déclenchement sur défaut.A contact carrier spring 110 acts on a contact carrier 111 which is mounted in the base 101 to rotation about a horizontal axis. As it will explained below, the spring 110 cooperating with the contact springs 108 is intended to increase the speed opening of the mobile contacts in the event of tripping on default.

Le fonctionnement des différents éléments de la figure 6 va être maintenant décrit en référence aux figures 7 à 10. La figure 7 représente la position "contacts ouverts" du dispositif. En agissant sur l'organe de manoeuvre (manette 6) de l'interrupteur différentiel, on provoque le déplacement vers le bas du coulisseau de commande 5 (figures 1 à 4), ce qui entraíne le pivotement du porte-contacts 111 dans le sens horaire (figure 8). Lors de ce pivotement, le porte-contacts 111 agit, par une surface de came 112, sur les lames 100 en un point médian de ces dernières, afin de les déplacer vers le haut à l'encontre des ressorts 108. Les extrémités 100a des lames 100 étant en appui sur une butée 101a du socle 101, les lames 100 effectuent un mouvement de rotation autour de leur extrémité 100a, mouvement tendant à rapprocher leur extrémité 100b, du contact fixe 51 associé. Les lames 100 sont arrêtées dans ce mouvement de rotation, peu avant la fermeture des contacts 50, 51, par une butée 113 placée sur l'élément de butée temporaire 105. A ce moment précis, ce dernier est entraíné en rotation dans le sens anti-horaire par une surface de came 114 du porte-contacts 111. Dans cette phase du mouvement qui correspond à la figure 9, les lames 100 tournent autour de la surface de came 112 en comprimant leur ressort 108. Si l'on continue à agir sur la manette de commande 6, la rotation de l'élément 105 se poursuit jusqu'à ce que les butées 113 se trouvent en face des échancrures 106 des lames 100 et y pénètrent en entraínant la fermeture des contacts (figure 10). Les ressorts de contact 108 assurent dès cet instant une pression de contact proche de la pression de service. De plus, grâce à l'action de rappel des ressorts 108 et 110 tendant à faire pivoter le porte-contacts 111 dans le sens anti-horaire, et donc à solliciter le coulisseau 5 vers le haut, on assure le verrouillage du mécanisme de commande 3, 6, 7, 11 à 14 dans sa deuxième position stable (ou position de travail), tout en amenant les lames de contact mobiles 100 à leur position de service (ou de travail).The functioning of the different elements of the Figure 6 will now be described with reference to the figures 7 to 10. Figure 7 shows the position "contacts open "of the device. By acting on the operation (lever 6) of the differential switch, causes the slide to move down control 5 (Figures 1 to 4), which causes the pivoting of the contact carrier 111 clockwise (Figure 8). During this pivoting, the contact carrier 111 acts through a surface cam 112, on the blades 100 at a midpoint of these last, in order to move them up against springs 108. The ends 100a of the blades 100 being in support on a stop 101a of the base 101, the blades 100 rotate around their ends 100a, movement tending to bring their end 100b closer, fixed contact 51 associated. The blades 100 are stopped in this rotational movement, shortly before contact closure 50, 51, by a stop 113 placed on the stop element temporary 105. At this precise moment, the latter is trained rotating counterclockwise by a surface of cam 114 of the contact carrier 111. In this phase of the movement which corresponds to FIG. 9, the blades 100 rotate around the cam surface 112 by compressing their spring 108. If one continues to act on the joystick command 6, the rotation of element 105 continues until that the stops 113 are located opposite the notches 106 of the blades 100 and enter it causing the closure contacts (figure 10). Contact springs 108 from this moment ensure a contact pressure close to operating pressure. In addition, thanks to the recall action springs 108 and 110 tending to pivot the contact carrier 111 counterclockwise, and therefore press slide 5 upwards, locking the control mechanism 3, 6, 7, 11 to 14 in his second stable position (or working position), everything by bringing the movable contact blades 100 to their position service (or work).

Les figures 11 à 15, 16a et 16b représentent un autre mode de réalisation d'un interrupteur différentiel qui permet, comme celui qui vient d'être décrit, une fermeture et une ouverture rapides des contacts, et dans lequel la pression de contact au moment de la fermeture des contacts est élevée et proche de la pression de service.Figures 11 to 15, 16a and 16b show a another embodiment of a differential switch which allows, like the one just described, a closure and rapid opening of the contacts, and in which the contact pressure when the contacts are closed is high and close to the operating pressure.

La figure 11 représente schématiquement l'interrupteur en position réarmée, contacts ouverts. Le relais 1 est maintenu en position réarmée par un ressort 200 par l'intermédiaire d'un levier de réarmement 201 et d'une butée 202 d'un porte-contacts 203. Ce dernier est monté sur le châssis à rotation autour d'un axe 203a.Figure 11 shows schematically switch in reset position, contacts open. The relay 1 is held in the reset position by a spring 200 via a reset lever 201 and a stop 202 of a contact carrier 203. The latter is mounted on the chassis rotating about an axis 203a.

En actionnant la manette 6, on agit sur le porte-contacts mobile 203, par l'intermédiaire d'une première bielle 204, par exemple, en forme d'étrier, articulée à une deuxième bielle 205, elle même articulée, à proximité du point d'articulation avec la première bielle à une troisième bielle 206, jusqu'à mise en butée de la manette 6 et fermeture des contacts mobile 214 et fixe 215 (figure 13). Un indicateur de position des contacts 207, entraíné par une rainure oblique 208 du porte-contacts 203, indique la position fermée des contacts à travers une fenêtre 209 ménagée sur un capot (non représenté) du châssis de l'appareil. La bielle 206, doublement coudée pour former des branches d'extrémité déportées de part et d'autre du bras de levier central, appuie sur un épaulement central 210 du porte-contacts 203 et elle est maintenue en position par une surface de guidage 211, à profil concave, d'un déclencheur 212, articulé sur le chassis en 212a et lui-même bloqué par un cliquet 213 en forme de demi-lune rappelé en position de blocage par un faible ressort (non représenté). Le porte-contacts 203 présente un bras 203b qui repousse vers le bas un puissant ressort de rappel (non représenté) qui le sollicite en direction d'ouverture de contact. L'articulation 212a n'est pas très éloignée de l'épaulement 210 du porte-contacts 203.By actuating the handle 6, one acts on the mobile contact carrier 203, via a first connecting rod 204, for example, in the shape of a stirrup, articulated to a second connecting rod 205, itself articulated, to proximity of the point of articulation with the first connecting rod a third connecting rod 206, until the stop of the lever 6 and closure of movable 214 and fixed contacts 215 (figure 13). A contact position indicator 207, driven by an oblique groove 208 of the contact carrier 203, indicates the closed position of the contacts through a window 209 formed on a cover (not shown) of the chassis of the device. The rod 206, double bent to form end branches offset from either side of the central lever arm, presses on a central shoulder 210 of contact carrier 203 and is held in position by a guide surface 211, with a concave profile, of a trigger 212, articulated on the chassis in 212a and itself blocked by a ratchet 213 in the shape of a half-moon recalled in locking position by a weak spring (not shown). The contact carrier 203 has an arm 203b which repels down a powerful return spring (not shown) which requests it in the direction of contact opening. The joint 212a is not very far from the shoulder 210 of contact carrier 203.

Pendant la phase de fermeture (figure 12), juste avant que les contacts mobile 214 et fixe 215 ne se touchent, le porte-contacts 203 est arrêté dans sa rotation par un organe de butée temporaire 216 en forme de levier, mobile en rotation autour de l'axe de rotation 6a de la manette 6. En continuant à agir sur la manette 6, on comprime un ressort de stockage d'énergie mécanique 217, par le mouvement combiné des bielles 204 à 206 et par l'intermédiaire d'un levier de renvoi 218 articulé en 218a. Juste avant que la manette 6 n'atteigne sa position extrême (ou position de travail), un relief d'actionnement 224 de ladite manette 6 met en rotation l'organe de butée temporaire 216 de sorte que le porte-contacts 203 est libéré. Ceci permet d'avoir presque instantanément, à la fermeture des contacts 214, 215, une pression de contact proche de la pression de service et provenant de la compression du ressort 217, transmise par les bielles 205, 206.During the closing phase (figure 12), just before the movable contacts 214 and fixed contacts 215 do not touch, the contact carrier 203 is stopped in its rotation by a temporary abutment member 216 in the form of a lever, movable in rotation about the axis of rotation 6a of the joystick 6. By continuing to act on joystick 6, we compresses a mechanical energy storage spring 217, by the combined movement of the connecting rods 204 to 206 and by by means of a return lever 218 articulated at 218a. Just before lever 6 reaches its extreme position (or working position), an actuation relief 224 of said lever 6 rotates the stop member temporary 216 so that the contact carrier 203 is released. This allows you to have almost instantly, at the closure of contacts 214, 215, contact pressure close to the operating pressure and coming from the compression of the spring 217, transmitted by the connecting rods 205, 206.

En cas de défaut différentiel (figure 14), le relais 1 agit sur le levier de réarmement 201 qui entraíne en rotation le cliquet 213, en libérant le bec 212b du déclencheur 212 situé à l'extrémité libre du déclencheur, lequel peut alors, à l'encontre de son faible ressort de rappel 223, tourner dans le sens anti-horaire sous la pression de la bielle 206 repoussée par l'épaulement 210 du porte-contacts 203. Par son extrémité 206a, la bielle 206 s'échappe en glissant contre la surface de guidage 211 du déclencheur 212, en permettant au porte-contacts 203 de revenir en position "contacts ouverts" sous l'influence du ressort de rappel agissant sur le bras 203b sans être ralenti par l'un quelconque des éléments du mécanisme de commande 6, 201, 204 à 206 et 211 à 213. L'indicateur rotatif 207 est ramené à sa position initiale par la rainure oblique 208 du porte-contacts 203 qui entraine un bras 207a de l'indicateur.In the event of a differential fault (Figure 14), the relay 1 acts on the reset lever 201 which drives in rotation the pawl 213, releasing the spout 212b from the trigger 212 located at the free end of the trigger, which can then, against its weak spring of reminder 223, turn counterclockwise under the pressure of the rod 206 pushed back by the shoulder 210 of the contact carrier 203. By its end 206a, the connecting rod 206 escapes by sliding against the guide surface 211 of the trigger 212, allowing contact carrier 203 to return to the "open contacts" position under the influence of return spring acting on the arm 203b without being slowed down by any of the elements of the command 6, 201, 204 to 206 and 211 to 213. The indicator rotary 207 is returned to its initial position by the groove oblique 208 of the contact carrier 203 which drives an arm 207a of the indicator.

En cours de rotation, le déclencheur 212 soulève, par un relief 212c, un indicateur de déclenchement différentiel coulissant 220 et l'indicateur 220 normalement bloqué par un bec 220a contre une butée fixe 219 contre laquelle le repousse son ressort de rappel 221, se déplace devant une fenêtre 222. Dans son déplacement, l'indicateur 220 entraíne en direction anti-horaire une pièce de liaison 226 pivotante autour d'un axe 226a qui permet la transmission du mouvement de rotation à un appareil auxiliaire usuel pouvant être accouplé à l'interrupteur différentiel.During rotation, the trigger 212 raises, by a relief 212c, a trigger indicator sliding differential 220 and indicator 220 normally blocked by a spout 220a against a fixed stop 219 against which pushes its return spring 221, moves in front of a window 222. In its displacement, the indicator 220 drives counter-clockwise 226 pivoting about an axis 226a which allows the transmission of the rotational movement to a device usual auxiliary which can be coupled to the switch differential.

La pièce de liaison 226 accouplable à un appareil auxiliaire, à travers une lumière de la paroi du boítier de l'interrupteur, est entrainée jusqu'à ce qu'une rampe 220b de l'indicateur 220 rencontre un relief fixe 220c, qui soulève l'indicateur et libère la pièce 226. Cependant si l'appareil auxiliaire est présent, son mécanisme, accouplé à la pièce 226, interdit le retour de celle-ci, qui, sinon, aurait eu lieu sous l'effet de son moyen de rappel élastique 226b, et ceci tant que l'utilisateur n'aura pas réarmé l'appareil auxiliaire. Dans cette position la pièce 226 empêche le retour en position de repos du cliquet 213, de sorte que le réarmement manuel de l'interrupteur selon l'invention est empêché, du fait que la surface de guidage 211 laisse toujours échapper l'extrémité 206a de la bielle 206 hors de portée du porte-contacts.The connecting piece 226 can be coupled to an appliance auxiliary, through a light in the wall of the housing the switch, is driven until a ramp 220b of the indicator 220 meets a fixed relief 220c, which raise the pointer and release room 226. However if the auxiliary device is present, its mechanism, coupled to Exhibit 226 prohibits the return thereof, which, if not, would have occurred under the effect of its elastic return means 226b, and this until the user has rearmed the auxiliary device. In this position the part 226 prevents the pawl 213 from returning to the rest position so that the manual reset of the switch according to the invention is precluded because the guide surface 211 always lets out the end 206a of the connecting rod 206 out of reach of the contact carrier.

Une fois l'appareil auxiliaire réarmé (s'il est présent), la pièce 226 a été ramenée à sa position initiale, libérant le bras 213a du cliquet 213, et l'utilisateur peut alors réarmer l'interrupteur, entrainant la rotation horaire de l'indicateur 207, qui repousse l'indicateur de déclenchement différentiel 220 jusqu'à l'accrochage derrière la butée 219 et à la prise en charge de l'extrémité ou bec 226c de la pièce de liaison 226. Si l'appareil auxiliaire n'est pas présent, c'est le moyen de rappel élastique 226b qui aura ramené la pièce 226 en position de repos.Once the auxiliary device is reset (if it is present), Exhibit 226 has been returned to its original position, releasing the arm 213a from the pawl 213, and the user can then reset the switch, causing clockwise rotation of indicator 207, which pushes the indicator of differential trigger 220 until hooking behind the stop 219 and taking care of the end or spout 226c of connecting piece 226. If the auxiliary device is not present, it is the elastic return means 226b which will have brought the part 226 back into the rest position.

La manette 6 revient en position ouverte (de repos) sous l'action de son ressort de rappel 20, en autorisant la remise en place de toutes les pièces du mécanisme de commande 201, 204 à 206 et 211 à 213 comme représenté à la figure 11. L'indicateur de déclenchement différentiel 220 s'il a été actionné, est réarmé, comme on l'a vu, par le prochain enclenchement du mécanisme de serrure par la rotation de l'indicateur de position des contacts 207.Joystick 6 returns to the open position (from rest) under the action of its return spring 20, in authorizing the replacement of all parts of the control mechanism 201, 204 to 206 and 211 to 213 as shown in Figure 11. The trigger indicator differential 220 if it has been activated, is reset, as saw it, by the next engagement of the mechanism lock by rotating the position indicator contacts 207.

Le dimensionnement des bras de levier L3, L4 et L5 (figure 15) permet de démultiplier suffisamment les efforts transmis par des ressorts de contact (représentés schématiquement sur les figures 11 à 15 sous la forme d'un ressort 225 interposé entre le porte-contacts 203 et le contact 214) à travers l'épaulement 210 du porte-contacts 203 pour limiter la force nécessaire au déclenchement sur défaut de l'interrupteur, par le relais différentiel 1, sans qu'il y ait besoin de pièces ou de renvois intermédiaires. Le ressort 223, agissant sur le déclencheur 212, contribue, par un dosage adéquat de sa force, à diminuer la force exercée sur l'accrochage entre déclencheur 212 et cliquet 213.The dimensioning of the lever arms L3, L4 and L5 (figure 15) allows to sufficiently multiply the efforts transmitted by contact springs (shown schematically in Figures 11 to 15 in the form of a spring 225 interposed between the contact carrier 203 and the contact 214) through the shoulder 210 of the contact carrier 203 to limit the force required to trip on switch fault, by differential relay 1, without that there is a need for parts or intermediate returns. The spring 223, acting on the trigger 212, contributes, by an adequate dosage of its strength, to decrease the strength exerted on the coupling between trigger 212 and pawl 213.

Cette disposition assure une utilisation optimale des efforts, dans laquelle la bielle 206 s'appuie sur le porte-contacts en un point 206a situé sur un rayon géométrique du porte-contacts 203 presque perpendiculaire à la bielle 206, laquelle utilise au mieux la poussée du ressort 217 amplifiée par le levier 218 dans une position formant un angle obtus avec les bielles 205, 206, favorisant une assez grande constance de la poussée provenant du ressort 217.This arrangement ensures optimal use efforts, in which the rod 206 rests on the contact carrier at a point 206a located on a spoke geometric of contact carrier 203 almost perpendicular to the rod 206, which makes the best use of the thrust of the spring 217 amplified by lever 218 in a position forming an obtuse angle with the connecting rods 205, 206, favoring fairly consistent thrust from the spring 217.

Dans cette position les bielles 205 et 206 sont presque alignées et l'effort supporté par la bielle 204 est faible.In this position the connecting rods 205 and 206 are almost aligned and the force supported by the connecting rod 204 is low.

Les figures 16a et 16b représentent, par des vues éclatées, les principaux éléments du mode de réalisation des figures 11 à 15, montés de part et d'autre d'une platine 227 qui permet de séparer, de part et d'autre d'un plan médian de l'appareil, représenté par la platine, un espace mécanisme de serrure (Fig 16a) et un espace déclenchement (Fig 16b).Figures 16a and 16b show, by views exploded, the main elements of the embodiment of Figures 11 to 15, mounted on either side of a plate 227 which allows to separate, on either side of a median plane of the device, represented by the plate, a space lock mechanism (Fig 16a) and a release space (Fig 16b).

La figure 17 représente les éléments de mécanisme de contact mobile qui ne sont représentés que très schématiquement par les éléments 203, 214 et 225 aux figures 11 à 14, ce mécanisme pouvant d'ailleurs être indépendant du dispositif décrit aux figures 11 à 16.Figure 17 shows the mechanism elements of mobile contact which are only represented very schematically by elements 203, 214 and 225 in the figures 11 to 14, this mechanism being able to be independent of the device described in Figures 11 to 16.

Des lames de contact mobile 214 sont placée verticalement dans le socle 301 de l'appareil de façon à dégager un emplacement pour un organe de mesure de courant différentiel 302. La chambre de coupure est équipée d'éléments d'extinction de l'arc qui est créé à l'ouverture des contacts. Dans l'exemple représenté à la figure 17, ces éléments d'extinction sont constitués par des tôles de maintien de tension 303 et des tôles de désionisation 304. Des bornes de raccordement 305 sont placées d'une part au-dessus de la chambre de coupure et d'autre part au-dessous des organes de mesure 302.Movable contact blades 214 are placed vertically in the base 301 of the device so as to clear a place for a current measuring device differential 302. The switching chamber is equipped of extinguishing elements of the arc which is created at the opening contacts. In the example shown in Figure 17, these extinguishing elements consist of sheets of voltage maintenance 303 and deionization sheets 304. Connection terminals 305 are placed on the one hand above the switch-off chamber and on the other hand below the measuring elements 302.

De préférence, des éléments de butée temporaires 306 sont placés au-dessus d'un porte-contacts 203 et coopèrent avec des échancrures 308 ménagées dans les lames 214 ainsi qu'avec des languettes 309 du porte-contacts 203. Un ressort de rappel 310 agit sur le bras 203b du porte-contacts 203. La pression de contact est assurée par des ressorts de torsion 225 dont chaque lame 214 est équipée. L'une des extrémités 312 de chacun des ressorts est en appui sur le porte-contacts 203, tandis que la partie médiane de chaque ressort 225 est fixée à la lame 214 associée et que l'autre extrémité 311 de ce ressort 225 est en appui sur le socle 301.Preferably temporary stop elements 306 are placed above a contact carrier 203 and cooperate with notches 308 formed in the blades 214 as well as with tongues 309 of the contact carrier 203. A return spring 310 acts on the arm 203b of the contact carrier 203. The contact pressure is ensured by torsion springs 225 of which each leaf 214 is equipped. One end 312 of each of the springs is pressing on the contact carrier 203, while the part center of each spring 225 is fixed to the blade 214 associated and that the other end 311 of this spring 225 is resting on the base 301.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif qui vient d'être décrit va être maintenant exposé en regard des figures 17 à 21. Le mécanisme étant dans sa position réarmée, contacts ouverts, telle que représentée à la figure 18, en agissant sur la manette 6 de l'interrupteur, on provoque la rotation du porte-contacts 203 qui entraíne dans son mouvement les lames 214 jusqu'à ce que ces dernières soient arrêtées, peu avant la fermeture des contacts, par une languette 313 prévue sur les éléments de butée temporaires 306 (figure 19). Ces derniers éléments sont entraínés en translation par les languettes 309 du porte-contacts 203. Les lames 214, arrêtées en rotation par les languettes 313, compriment les ressorts de contact 225. Lorsque les languettes 313 se trouvent en face des échancrures 308 des lames 214, ces dernières basculent autour d'une surface de came 314 du porte-contacts 203 (figure 20). Les ressorts de contact 214 assurent à cet instant une pression de contact proche de la pression de service. En continuant à agir sur la manette de commande 6 de l'interrupteur, on assure le verrouillage du mécanisme de commande en position de travail tout en amenant les lames de contact 214 à leur position de travail (figure 21).The functioning of the device which has just been described will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 17 to 21. The mechanism being in its reset position, contacts open, as shown in figure 18, by acting on lever 6 of the switch, the rotation is caused of the contact carrier 203 which drives in its movement the blades 214 until they are stopped, little before closing of the contacts, by a tongue 313 provided on the temporary stop elements 306 (figure 19). These latter elements are driven in translation by the tongues 309 of the contact carrier 203. The blades 214, stopped in rotation by the tongues 313, compress the contact springs 225. When the tabs 313 are face the notches 308 of the blades 214, these last swing around a cam surface 314 of the contact carrier 203 (figure 20). Contact springs 214 at this moment ensure a contact pressure close to the operating pressure. By continuing to act on the joystick command 6 of the switch, the locking of the control mechanism in working position while bringing the contact blades 214 in their working position (figure 21).

Claims (17)

  1. Electric switch for fault tripping, of the type comprising fixed contact means, mobile contact means (5, 50; 203, 214, 225) able to assume an operating position, in which they cooperate electrically with the fixed contact means, and a resting position, for which no electrical cooperation occurs; a locking mechanism (7, 13, 14; 204, 205, 206, 212, 218), which may be actuated by manual operating means (6), for putting said mobile contact means into one or other of said positions; flexible restoring means for drawing the mobile contact means towards their resting position; and an electrical fault detector (1 to 3, 14) reacting to a fault by assuming an active position to release said locking mechanism and cause said mobile contact means to return towards the resting position under the action of said flexible restoring means, characterised in that it comprises:
    releasable connection means (7b, 11, 11a, 11b, 12, 12a, 12b, 12c, 13; 206a, 210 to 213) able to assume an engaged position, for which they form a mechanical connection between said operating means (6, 7, 20; 6, 20, 204 to 206) and said mobile contact means (5, 50; 203, 214, 225), and a disengaged position, for which said mobile contact means are mechanically released from said operating means (6, 7, 20; 6, 20, 204 to 206); and that in the engaged position, said connecting means react to the fault detector (I to 3, 14) being placed in active position by assuming the disengaged position;
    and temporary stop means (105, 113; 216, 306, 313) capable of assuming an active position, in which they are interposed on the course of the mobile contact means (100; 214), carried by a part forming a contact holder (111, 203, 307) towards their operating position; flexible means for storing energy (108; 217, 312) to allow displacement of the operating means (6, 7, 20; 6, 20, 204 to 206) to proceed towards their operating position while the mobile contact means (100; 214) are arrested, and to store mechanical energy transmitted to said operating means; and means (106, 114; 224, 308, 309) to place said stop means in an inactive position when said operating means arrive in the vicinity of their operating position.
  2. Switch according to Claim 1, characterised in that the locking mechanism (6, 7, 20; 6, 20, 204 to 206) is fitted with its own restoring means (20) designed in order to draw it towards its resting position when it is mechanically disconnected from the mobile contact means (5, 50; 203, 214, 225).
  3. Switch according to either one of Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the releasable connecting means (7b, 11, 11a, 11b, 12, 12a, 12b, 12c, 13, 14; 206a, 210 to 213) comprise: an abutment surface (11; 210) provided in the mobile contact means (5; 203), a retaining element (7b; 206a) integral with a part (7; 206) of the locking mechanism and able to cooperate with said abutment surface, and a releasing element (13; 212) comprising a guide surface (12a; 211), this element being able to assume an engaged position, for which said guide surface holds said retaining element against said abutment surface, and a disengaged position for which said guide surface is moved away from said abutment surface.
  4. Switch according to Claim 3, characterised in that the means for rendering the temporary stop means (105, 113; 216, 306, 313) inactive comprise an element (114; 224, 309) of the operating locking mechanism designed to remove said stop means from their active position when the locking mechanism is situated in the vicinity of its operating position.
  5. Switch according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the mobile contact means comprise at least one plate (100; 214), one end (100a) of which is subjected to the action of the flexible means for storing energy (108; 225), a central portion of which is subjected to the action (212; 314) of the locking mechanism, and the other end of which, on displacement of said plate towards its operating position, follows a course, on which said temporary stop means are interposed (113; 313) in active position.
  6. Switch according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that when the connecting means (7b, 11, 11a, 11b, 12, 12a, 12b, 12c, 13; 206a, 210 to 213) are in engaged position, the means of the locking mechanism (6, 7, 20; 6, 20, 204 to 206), in cooperation with the mobile contact means (5, 50; 203, 214, 225) and said flexible restoring means for mobile contact (5a; 225), form a bistable mechanical system, the two stable positions of which, i.e. operating and resting positions, correspond respectively to the operating and resting positions of said mobile contact means.
  7. Switch according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the locking mechanism comprises an operating handle (6) returned to the inactive position by a restoring spring (20) and articulated to a first rod (204), which is itself articulated to a second rod (205), this latter being articulated to a third rod (206) close to the point of articulation between the first and second rods, said third rod (206) being able to push back a shoulder (210) of the contact holder (203) in the direction of closure of the contact, said second rod (205) being articulated at its end remote from the articulation with the first rod to a lever (218) subjected to the action of a powerful spring (217) maintaining a pressure in the direction of closure of the contact.
  8. Switch according to Claim 7, characterised in that the point of support of the end (206a) of said third rod (206) against the shoulder (210) of the contact holder (203) is located on a geometric radius of the axis of rotation (203a) of said contact holder adequately close to the perpendicular of the direction of said essentially aligned third and second rods (206, 205), said lever (218) forming an obtuse angle with said second rod (205).
  9. Switch according to either of Claims 7 and 8, characterised in that said temporary stop means (216) is a lever articulated around the axis (6a) of said operating handle (6), its free end cooperating with a raised portion for coupling of the contact holder (203), said operating handle (6) having a raised portion (224) able to release said lever (216) when it arrives in the vicinity of its active position.
  10. Switch according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that it comprises an indicator for displaying the position of the contact (207) able to move in front of a window (209) driven in a pivoting manner by a driving surface (208) of the contact holder (203).
  11. Switch according to Claim 10, characterised in that it comprises an indicator for displaying the tripping upon fault (220) by essentially sliding in front of a window (222), normally held in inactive position by a fixed stop (219), against which a flexible means (221) pushes it, and cooperating with a tripping element (212) which releases it from said stop in the case of tripping of the system, means (207) to enable it to be reset in inactive position when the switch is manually reset.
  12. Switch according to Claim 11, characterised in that said fault indicator (220) is able to drive a connecting part (226) against a flexible restoring means (226b), said connecting part acting on the catch means (213) such that, if movement towards the resting position of said connecting part (226) is prevented by the action of an auxiliary system mechanically connected to said part, then said catch means (213) is held in a position to prevent manual resetting of the switch.
  13. Switch according to Claim 12, characterised in that said sliding fault indicator (220) is fitted with ramp and stop means (220b, 220c) to allow said connecting part (226) to shift towards the end of its movement in to active position in the case of fault tripping.
  14. Switch according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, characterised in that said releasable connecting means comprise a tripping lever (212) articulated to a fixed point (212a) close to a shoulder (210) of the contact holder (203), on which the thrust of the locking mechanism occurs, said tripping lever (212), at an end remote from said articulation, having means (212b) for hooking against a catch (213) forming part of the fault tripping means.
  15. Switch according to Claim 1, characterised in that said temporary stop means (105) comprise a rotational element having a stop (113) cooperating with the corresponding mobile contact to prevent its rotation.
  16. Switch according to Claim 15, characterised in that the mechanism (111) comprises means (114) allowing said temporary stop means (105) to be set in rotation so that the latter release the corresponding mobile contact (100).
  17. Switch according to Claim 16, characterised in that said means (114) allowing said temporary stop means to be set in rotation are formed by a cam provided by the contact holder (111).
EP94402763A 1993-12-06 1994-12-02 Electric switch with fault tripping Expired - Lifetime EP0657909B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9314595 1993-12-06
FR9314595A FR2713393B1 (en) 1993-12-06 1993-12-06 Electric switch with default release.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0657909A1 EP0657909A1 (en) 1995-06-14
EP0657909B1 true EP0657909B1 (en) 1998-03-04

Family

ID=9453595

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94402763A Expired - Lifetime EP0657909B1 (en) 1993-12-06 1994-12-02 Electric switch with fault tripping

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0657909B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE163798T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69408800T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2113068T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2713393B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT505093A3 (en) * 2004-01-19 2012-11-15 Moeller Gebaeudeautomation Kg ELECTROMECHANICAL SWITCH

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19735415A1 (en) * 1997-08-14 1999-02-18 Siemens Ag Switching mechanism for a circuit breaker
IT1311069B1 (en) * 1999-03-04 2002-02-28 Abb Ricerca Spa RELEASE DEVICE FOR OPENING THE CONTACTS OF A SWITCH ASSOCIATED WITH IT
US6621020B2 (en) * 2000-10-25 2003-09-16 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Breaking mechanism for circuit breaker
AT503744B1 (en) * 2003-10-01 2009-12-15 Moeller Gebaeudeautomation Kg BREAKERS
AT414318B (en) * 2004-01-19 2007-02-15 Moeller Gebaeudeautomation Kg ELECTROMECHANICAL SWITCH
US7358838B2 (en) * 2006-02-24 2008-04-15 Eaton Corporation Electrical switching apparatus and trip indicator therefor
EP2629315A1 (en) * 2012-02-14 2013-08-21 Eaton Industries GmbH Actuation mechanisms for circuit breakers
DE102012215187B4 (en) * 2012-08-27 2022-11-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft protective switching device
CN107644791B (en) * 2017-10-31 2020-05-05 浙江天正电气股份有限公司 Reclosing feedback mechanism and circuit breaker with same
CN114005710A (en) * 2020-07-28 2022-02-01 西门子股份公司 Electric leakage fault indication mechanism of circuit breaker and circuit breaker

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US2204409A (en) * 1936-08-01 1940-06-11 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit breaker
US3171928A (en) * 1962-12-05 1965-03-02 Gen Electric Electric circuit breaker with cam surfaces and wedging roller
FR2610760B1 (en) * 1987-02-10 1993-05-14 Serd Soc Et Realisa Disjonct MANUAL CONTROLLED LOW VOLTAGE MULTIPOLAR SWITCH
FR2686453B1 (en) * 1992-01-17 1994-04-08 Legrand DIFFERENTIAL SWITCH.

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT505093A3 (en) * 2004-01-19 2012-11-15 Moeller Gebaeudeautomation Kg ELECTROMECHANICAL SWITCH
AT505093B1 (en) * 2004-01-19 2013-02-15 Moeller Gebaeudeautomation Kg ELECTROMECHANICAL SWITCH

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2113068T3 (en) 1998-04-16
DE69408800D1 (en) 1998-04-09
ATE163798T1 (en) 1998-03-15
EP0657909A1 (en) 1995-06-14
FR2713393A1 (en) 1995-06-09
DE69408800T2 (en) 1998-10-22
FR2713393B1 (en) 1996-02-23

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