EP0649188B1 - Wasserdichter elektrischer Verbinder - Google Patents
Wasserdichter elektrischer Verbinder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0649188B1 EP0649188B1 EP94250244A EP94250244A EP0649188B1 EP 0649188 B1 EP0649188 B1 EP 0649188B1 EP 94250244 A EP94250244 A EP 94250244A EP 94250244 A EP94250244 A EP 94250244A EP 0649188 B1 EP0649188 B1 EP 0649188B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrical
- connector
- core
- connector assembly
- contact members
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
- H01R13/52—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
- H01R13/523—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases for use under water
Definitions
- Underwater electrical cables and electrical connectors cause major problems when they leak. Leakage is common due to the fact that such cables, and their connectors, commonly operate in subsurface environments or in near surface atmospheric environments characterized by extreme salt and humidity. Frequently, the male and female portions of these connectors are each constructed of a separate core and housing, which must be bonded together. Such connectors can have problems with leakage in the area of the bond between each core and housing. Additionally, the cores and housings of these connectors are often made of different materials. As a result, bonding at the interface between the different materials is imperfect and can cause water leakage problems.
- German Patent Publication DE-A-26 50 240 discloses electrical contact members embedded in both the male and female portions of an electrical connector. In both portions, any water or moisture that may be present prior to electrical assembly of the connector can pass along the interface between the respective electrical contacts and the surrounding insulating material of the connector portions.
- British Patent Publication GB-A-2 131 633 discloses electrical contacts partially embedded in respective male and female portions of an electrical connector assembly.
- the general object or the present invention is to provide an electrical connector which solves the water leakage problems described above and which can be utilized in marine seismic operations. Another object or the invention is to provide and electrical connector which is open-face waterproof. Still another object of the invention is to provide an electrical connector which can provide a water-tight connection even if connected while under water.
- the present invention is directed to an open-face waterproof, underwater matable electrical connector which can be used in marine seismic operations.
- the electrical connector assembly comprises a male portion and a female portion.
- the male portion has a core with electrical contact members encapsulated therein.
- the electrical contact members encapsulated within the male portion are surrounded over a portion thereof with a sheath which is integrally formed with and of the same material as the core of the male portion.
- Each of the electrical contact members has a plurality of axially spaced and radially inwardly extending grooves arranged to prevent the passage of water between a respective contact member and the core or sheath material surrounding the contact member.
- the female portion has a body with sockets encapsulated therein and an electrical sleeve disposed in each of the sockets.
- each of the electrical sleeves has a plurality of axially spaced and radially inwardly extending grooves arranged to prevent the passage of water between a respective sleeve and the body material surrounding the sleeve.
- the male and female portions of the connector are releasably engageable with one another to releasably maintain the sockets and the sheaths surrounding the electrical contact members in their substantially watertight sealing engagement.
- each pin and socket connection is individually sealed.
- the female portion of the connector contains individual sealing ribs for each socket, whereas, if an electrical connector with a single O-ring design is not coupled in correct alignment, the O-ring will let water into the connector housing, which can cause problems with the electrical connection of some designs.
- a misaligned connection may allow water inside the housing, but the individual sealing ribs will act to maintain a good connection at each pin and socket.
- a waterproof electrical connector assembly 1 for underwater and/or marine environment usage in general is provided.
- the particular embodiment shown in the Figure is for a connector attachment at an underwater seismic data acquisition unit.
- the connector assembly includes a female receptacle 1, a mounting nut 2, and a male receptacle 3.
- the overall configuration of the female receptacle 1 includes a generally cylindrical inner member or body 4 that can be made, for example, of a suitable synthetic elastomer.
- the rear end of the inner member 4 is molded integrally with a stress relief device 5 which can include a conical-shaped series of spaced elastomer rings 6.
- the insulated conductor cable 7 passes through the stress relief device 5 and into, and through, the body member 4.
- the conductor wires 8 in the cable 7 are brought out and attached to conductive metal sleeves at the respective rear ends of a plurality of sockets 9.
- the sockets 9 are arranged in a certain pattern, such as five at 60 degrees around a center socket.
- the sockets 9 open to the outside of the front end surface 10 of the body member 4, the bottom socket position being empty so that the pins and sockets can be engaged in only one relative angular position.
- the connector assembly is an elongated tubular shell 11 which preferably is made of a high density plastic material.
- the shell 11 is rotatably mounted on the body member 4 and has a forward portion 12 that is internally threaded at 13.
- the shell 11 spans a substantial portion of the body member 4, and the bore 14 of the shell 11 is sized such that it can be easily rotated by hand relative to the body member 4. Longitudinal ribs can be provided on the shell 11 as an aid to turning.
- the overall configuration of the male receptacle 3 is also shown in the Figure.
- the core 15 and the tubular wall 17 are integrally formed in a one-piece construction, and are preferably manufactured of glass impregnated polyurethane.
- the connector pins 16 are elongated metal members with rounded ends and are arranged in the same pattern as the sockets 9. A portion of each connector pin 16 is covered by a sheath 18 which is formed integrally with the core 15 and the tubular wall 17, and made of the same material. Thus, the core 15, the tubular wall 17, and sheath 18 of the male receptacle 3 are of a one-piece construction. A conductor wire 19 is soldered to the rear side of each connector pin 16 to electrically connect the respective pins 16 to an electrical circuit.
- Core 15 has an end face 20 which is inwardly recessed from the open end 21 of the tubular wall 17 thus forming an interior space 22.
- the core 15 has two sets of threads 23, 24, formed externally thereof. Threads 23 match the internal threads 13 on the forward end portion of the shell 11. Threads 24 match with internal threads 28 in a mounting nut 2.
- the mounting nut 2 is used if the connector assembly is to be mounted in the sidewall panel of a data acquisition unit. If an in-line connector assembly is desired, the connector assembly can be modified in a manner known to those with skill in the art so as to eliminate the mounting nut 2.
- the male receptacle 3 is made of rigid plastic because it is mounted to the panel of a data acquisition unit.
- the core of the female receptacle 1 could be mounted to the data acquisition unit and would then be made of a relatively rigid plastic while the male receptacle 3 would be made of a relatively soft plastic.
- core of the female receptacle 1 or the male receptacle 3 could be made of the relatively rigid plastic with the other receptacle being made of relatively soft plastic.
- the sockets 9 are forced to telescope over the connector pins 16 as the front portion and face 10 of the body 4 is advanced into the tubular wall 17, forcing water out of cavity 22, and a water-tight seal is achieved.
- the threads 13 and 23 are made up hand tight, the front end surface 10 is up against the end face 20 of the core 15 of the male receptacle 3 and the interior face 25 of the shell 11 is up against the end face 26 of tubular wall 17.
- each socket 9 has a particular configuration as shown in the Figure.
- Each socket 9 includes up to four axially spaced and inwardly extending sealing ribs 27 which are integrally molded as part of the body member 4.
- the inner diameter of each sealing rib 27 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of its respective connector pin sheath 18.
- the connector pin sheath 18 radially compresses the resilient sealing ribs 27 which then provide a seal effective to isolate each set of mating connector pin 16 and socket 9 from each other and from the surrounding environment, to provide a leak-proof connector.
- the distal portion of each connector pin 16 is encapsulated by the tubular shell 11 of the female receptacle 1.
- the connector pins 16 also have a particular configuration as shown in the Figure.
- Each connector pin 16 has one or more axially spaced and radially inwardly extending grooves 29 machined into it.
- the plastic material of male receptacle 3 is preferably injection molded around the connector pins 16. As the plastic material cools immediately following the injection molding step some shrinkage occurs and the plastic fills in the grooves 29, thus creating a water barrier and making the male receptacle 3 open-face waterproof Similarly, the rear end of each socket 9 also has one or more axially spaced and radially inwardly extending grooves 30 machines into it.
- the plastic material cools and shrinkage occurs with the plastic filling in the grooves 30, making the female receptacle 1 open-face waterproof.
- the core 15, the tubular outer wall 17, and the connector pin sheath 18 of the male receptacle 3 is made of polyurethane, which may be glass impregnated polyurethane.
- polyurethane which may be glass impregnated polyurethane.
- any rigid non-hydroscopic plastic with good electrical properties could be used.
- the inner core 15, tubular wall 17, and connector pin sheath 18 are made of the same material they may be molded in one piece, whereby no voids are produced.
- glass impregnated polyurethane When glass impregnated polyurethane is molded it sets up as a rather hard if not semi-rigid body. The glass imparts strength as well as rigidity to the body.
- the fiber-glass content may be increased or conversely, lowered. It is believed that a fiberglass content in the range of 15% to 65% by weight would generally accomplish the objects of the invention as described herein.
- the body 4 of the female receptacle 1 can be made of molded polyurethane material with a durometer of about 80, but modifications are possible and material substitutions permissible. Specifically, thermosetting plastic material could be used in place of thermoplastic for body 4. A greater or lesser durometer could be used as long as distortion is possible with manually applied insertion forces.
Claims (10)
- Elektrische Verbindungsbaugruppe zur Verwendung in der Seefahrt und in korrosiven Umgebungen, wobei die elektrische Verbindungsbaugruppe einen Verbindungskörper (4) und einen Verbindungskern (15) aufweist, die dazu ausgestaltet sind, um zusammen ein ineinanderschiebbares Zusammenwirken zu ermöglichen, wenn sie zusammengebaut sind, wobei der Verbindungskörper (4) eine Vielzahl von darin ausgebildeten Buchsen (9) hat, wobei jede der Buchsen (9) eine elektrisch leitfähige Hülse (31), die darin angeordnet ist, und zumindest eine sich radial nach innen erstreckende Dichtungsrippe (27) aufweist, die an einer inneren Wandfläche von jeder der Buchsen (9) integriert geformt ist, und wobei der Verbindungskern (15) eine Vielzahl von elektrischen Kontaktbauteilen (16) aufweist, die zumindest teilweise darin eingekapselt sind, wobei jedes der elektrischen Kontaktbauteile (16) eine vorbestimmte Länge hat, die von einer Beschichtung (18) umgeben ist, die entlang eines Bereiches dieser Länge verläuft und mit dem Kern (15) integriert gebildet ist, wobei die Kontaktbauteile (16) dazu ausgestaltet sind, um mit einer vorbestimmten der elektrischen Hülsen (31) einzugreifen, die in einer entsprechenden Buchse (9) angeordnet ist, die in dem Körper (4) geformt ist, wobei die zumindest eine Dichtungsrippe (27) mit einer zugehörigen Beschichtung (18) zusammenwirkt, die einen Bereich von jedem der elektrischen Kontaktbauteile (16) umgibt, um eine wasserdichte Abdichtung zwischen jeder entsprechenden Buchse (9) und Beschichtung (18) zu bilden, allein in Reaktion auf das Einsetzen der Kontaktbauteile (16) mit elektrischem Kontakteingriff in die Hülsen (31), wobei die elektrische Verbindungsbaugruppe dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß der Verbindungskern (15) einen integriert geformten, rohrförmigen Wandabschnitt (17) aufweist, der an einem Ende (20) geschlossen und an dem anderen Ende (21) offen ist, und die elektrischen Kontaktbauteile (16) eine Vielzahl von axial beabstandeten und sich radial nach innen erstreckenden Nuten (29) aufweisen, wobei der Verbindungskern (15) um die elektrischen Kontaktbauteile (16) herum ausgebildet ist und die Nuten (29) ausfüllt, um das Durchdringen von Wasser zwischen einem jeweiligen Kontaktbauteil (16)und der Schicht (18) zu verhindern, die einen Bereich der Länge des Kontaktbauteils (16) umgibt.
- Elektrische Verbindungsbaugruppe nach Anspruch 1, bei der die elektrische Hälse (31), die in jeder der Buchsen (9) angeordnet ist, eine Vielzahl von axial beabstandeten und sich radial nach innen erstreckende Nuten (30) aufweist, die dazu ausgestaltet sind, um das Durchdringen von Wasser zwischen der Hülse (31) und der inneren Wandfläche der Buchse (9) zu verhindern.
- Elektrische Verbindungsbaugruppe nach Anspruch 1, bei der der Verbindungskörper (4) aus einem relativ weichen Kunststoffmaterial geformt ist und der Verbindungskern (15) aus einem relativ harten und starren Kunststoffmaterial geformt ist.
- Elektrische Verbindungsbaugruppe nach Anspruch 3, bei der das relativ weiche Kunststoffmaterial, aus dem der Verbindungskörper (4) geformt ist, Polyurethan ist.
- Elektrische Verbindungsbaugruppe nach Anspruch 3, bei der das relativ harte und starre Kunststoffmaterial, aus dem der Verbindungskern (15) geformt ist, glasfaserverstärktes Polyurethan ist.
- Elektrische Verbindungsbaugruppe nach Anspruch 1, bei der die elektrische Verbindungsbaugruppe offenflächig wasserdicht ist.
- Elektrische Verbindungsbaugruppe nach Anspruch 1, bei der der Verbindungskern (15) einen männlichen Steckerabschnitt der Verbindungsbaugruppe und der Verbindungskörper (4) einen weiblichen Aufnahmeabschnitt der Verbindungsbaugruppe bildet.
- Elektrische Verbindungsbaugruppe nach Anspruch 1, bei der die axial beabstandeten und sich radial nach innen erstrekkenden Nuten (29) der elektrischen Kontaktbauteile (16), die in dem Kern (15) angeordnet sind, mit dem gleichen Material wie der Kern (15) gefüllt sind, wodurch die Kontaktbauteilnuten (29) und das Kernmaterial Zusammenwirken, um eine wasserdichte Abdichtung zwischen den Kontaktbauteilen (16) und dem Kern (15) zu bilden.
- Elektrische Verbindungsbaugruppe nach Anspruch 2, bei der die axial beabstandeten und sich radial nach innen erstrekkenden Nuten (30) der elektrischen Hülsen (31), die in jeder der Buchsen (9) des Verbindungskörpers (4) angeordnet sind, mit dem gleichen Material wie der Körper (4) gefüllt sind, wodurch die Hülsennuten (30) und das Körpermaterial zusammenwirken, um eine wasserdichte Abdichtung zwischen den Hülsen (31) und dem Körper (4) zu bewirken.
- Elektrische Verbindungsbaugruppe nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Verbindungsbaugruppe eine Schale (11) mit einer Vielzahl von Innengewindegängen (13) aufweist, die benachbart zu einem Ende davon geformt sind, und der Verbindungskern (15) eine Vielzahl von Außengewindegängen (23) aufweist, die an einer äußeren Umfangsfläche angeordnet sind, wobei die Schale (11) in im wesentlichen umgebender und unabhängig drehbarer Beziehung relativ zu dem Verbindungskörper (4) angeordnet ist, und wobei die elektrischen Kontaktbauteile (16) des Verbindungskerns (15) in Reaktion auf den Schraubeingriff der Innengewindegänge (13) der Schale (11) mit den Außengewindegängen (23) des Verbindungskerns (15) in elektrischen Kontakt mit den Hülsen (31) des Verbindungskörpers (4) gezogen und gehalten werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/134,075 US5387119A (en) | 1993-10-08 | 1993-10-08 | Waterproof electrical connector |
US134075 | 1993-10-08 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0649188A2 EP0649188A2 (de) | 1995-04-19 |
EP0649188A3 EP0649188A3 (de) | 1996-08-28 |
EP0649188B1 true EP0649188B1 (de) | 2000-08-02 |
Family
ID=22461670
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94250244A Expired - Lifetime EP0649188B1 (de) | 1993-10-08 | 1994-10-07 | Wasserdichter elektrischer Verbinder |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5387119A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0649188B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69425408T2 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0649188T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5542856A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1996-08-06 | Tescorp Seismic Products, Inc. | Field repairable electrical connector |
US5704799A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1998-01-06 | Tescorp Seismic Products, Inc. | Field repairable electrical connector |
US5470248A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1995-11-28 | Tescorp Seismic Products, Inc. | Field repairable electrical connector |
US5641307A (en) * | 1994-12-01 | 1997-06-24 | Gerrans; Al | Marine electrical connector |
US5529518A (en) * | 1994-12-12 | 1996-06-25 | Tescorp Seismic Products, Inc. | Electrical contact assembly |
US5595497A (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 1997-01-21 | Tescorp Seismic Products, Inc. | Underwater electrical connector |
US5605468A (en) * | 1995-11-22 | 1997-02-25 | Tescorp Seismic Products, Inc. | Electrical connector assembly having replaceable sleeve seal |
US5711685A (en) * | 1996-01-23 | 1998-01-27 | Tescorp Seismic Products, Inc. | Electrical connector having removable seal at cable entry end |
ATE342590T1 (de) * | 1996-12-13 | 2006-11-15 | Fuba Automotive Gmbh | Leitungs-steckverbindung |
US6034923A (en) * | 1997-07-28 | 2000-03-07 | Marine Innovations, L.L.C. | Seismic sensor pod |
US5980317A (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-11-09 | Geo Space Corporation | Repairable electrical geophysical connector |
US6077111A (en) * | 1998-12-01 | 2000-06-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Mounting assembly for rigidly integrating a component therewith |
US6165013A (en) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-12-26 | Broussard; Blaine L. | Method and apparatus waterproofing |
US6139354A (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2000-10-31 | Broussard; Blaine L. | Cable computer termination connector and sealing method |
US6142805A (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2000-11-07 | Geo Space Corporation | Waterproof geophysical connector |
US6582251B1 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2003-06-24 | Greene, Tweed Of Delaware, Inc. | Hermetic electrical connector and method of making the same |
DE10022374A1 (de) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-15 | Harting Kgaa | Steckverbinder und Verfahren zur Montage eines Steckverbinders |
FR2821989B1 (fr) * | 2001-03-09 | 2004-04-30 | Fci France | Connecteur etanche electrique ou optique |
US6482036B1 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2002-11-19 | Blaine L. Broussard | Waterproof electrical connector |
JP4806395B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-27 | 2011-11-02 | グリーン, ツイード オブ デラウェア, インコーポレイテッド | 密閉電気コネクター |
US7333391B2 (en) * | 2004-12-11 | 2008-02-19 | Aram Systems, Ltd | Universal seismic cable connector |
DE602005016896D1 (de) * | 2005-02-17 | 2009-11-12 | Elox Prom Aozt | Abgedichtete niederspannungs-elektrobürste |
JP2007056820A (ja) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-08 | Denso Corp | 燃料供給装置 |
US7437819B1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-10-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method for making under water connector |
US7390210B2 (en) | 2006-11-08 | 2008-06-24 | Dsm&T Company Inc. | Electrical connector with high impact strength locking assemblies |
US7465182B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-12-16 | Mcdonald Michael | Electrical cord connector assembly |
US20090233475A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-17 | Ametek Scp, Inc. | Waterproof gigabit ethernet connector |
NO328726B1 (no) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-05-03 | Roxar Flow Measurement As | Konnektorhus |
US8081466B2 (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2011-12-20 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Overmolded electronics enclosure |
US8704416B2 (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2014-04-22 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Electrical submersible pump system having improved magnet wire leads |
DE102011121133A1 (de) * | 2011-12-13 | 2013-06-13 | Kostal Kontakt Systeme Gmbh | Fluiddichte Kontaktdurchführung |
US10404048B2 (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2019-09-03 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Adapter for sealing cover for electrical interconnections |
JP6311938B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-02 | 2018-04-18 | 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 | 多芯ケーブルのシール構造 |
US10249980B2 (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2019-04-02 | Teledyne Instruments, Inc. | Deformable translatable seat for reducing stress on ceramic penetrators |
US10027051B1 (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2018-07-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hybrid electrical connector |
CN107907945B (zh) * | 2017-11-16 | 2024-01-23 | 镇江奥博通信设备有限公司 | 一种具有缓冲和抗拉扯效果的光电连接器 |
Family Cites Families (17)
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US3124405A (en) * | 1964-03-10 | Underwater separable connector | ||
US2881406A (en) * | 1955-06-20 | 1959-04-07 | Cannon Electric Co | Moisture seal for connectors |
US3641479A (en) * | 1969-06-16 | 1972-02-08 | Obrien D G Inc | Underwater disconnectible connector |
US3954154A (en) * | 1970-09-25 | 1976-05-04 | Kruppenbach John A | Towed land cable |
US3783434A (en) * | 1972-08-10 | 1974-01-01 | Mark Iii Inc | Shielded cable coupler |
US4090759A (en) * | 1975-04-17 | 1978-05-23 | Amp Incorporated | Micro-miniature circular high voltage connector |
FR2375735A1 (fr) * | 1976-08-16 | 1978-07-21 | Deutsch Co | Dispositif d'accouplement pour cables a conducteurs electriques |
US4150866A (en) * | 1977-08-26 | 1979-04-24 | Amp Incorporated | Environmentally sealed connector |
US4284312A (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1981-08-18 | Chrysler Corporation | Sealing type electrical connector |
US4305636A (en) * | 1980-03-05 | 1981-12-15 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Electrical connectors for underwater streamers |
NO834393L (no) * | 1982-12-13 | 1984-06-14 | Reed Products Inc | Koblingsanordning for elektrisk undervannskabel |
US4767349A (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1988-08-30 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Wet electrical connector |
FR2590084B1 (fr) * | 1985-11-08 | 1987-11-20 | Souriau & Cie | Connecteur electrique, notamment connecteur etanche en immersion dans un liquide |
US4691430A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1987-09-08 | Hughes Tool Company | Method and means for sealing electrical conductor rods in a tubular housing |
USH113H (en) * | 1986-01-27 | 1986-08-05 | Waterblock and strain relief for electrical connectors | |
US5145410A (en) * | 1990-08-06 | 1992-09-08 | Yazaki Corporation | Waterproof connector |
US5120268A (en) * | 1990-08-07 | 1992-06-09 | Al Gerrans | Marine electrical connector |
-
1993
- 1993-10-08 US US08/134,075 patent/US5387119A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-10-07 DE DE69425408T patent/DE69425408T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-10-07 DK DK94250244T patent/DK0649188T3/da active
- 1994-10-07 EP EP94250244A patent/EP0649188B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5387119A (en) | 1995-02-07 |
EP0649188A2 (de) | 1995-04-19 |
DE69425408D1 (de) | 2000-09-07 |
DK0649188T3 (da) | 2000-09-04 |
DE69425408T2 (de) | 2001-02-08 |
EP0649188A3 (de) | 1996-08-28 |
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