EP0647569A1 - Piston for cartridges - Google Patents
Piston for cartridges Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0647569A1 EP0647569A1 EP94105446A EP94105446A EP0647569A1 EP 0647569 A1 EP0647569 A1 EP 0647569A1 EP 94105446 A EP94105446 A EP 94105446A EP 94105446 A EP94105446 A EP 94105446A EP 0647569 A1 EP0647569 A1 EP 0647569A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- pressure
- cartridge
- liquid
- jacket
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
- B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
- B05C17/00576—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes characterised by the construction of a piston as pressure exerting means, or of the co-operating container
- B05C17/00579—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes characterised by the construction of a piston as pressure exerting means, or of the co-operating container comprising means for allowing entrapped air to escape to the atmosphere
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
- B65D83/0005—Containers or packages provided with a piston or with a movable bottom or partition having approximately the same section as the container
Definitions
- the invention relates to a piston for a cartridge in which a particularly highly viscous liquid is kept in stock and can be conveyed out of the cartridge by means of the piston in that the piston is subjected to an axially acting compressive force, consisting in one piece of a hollow cylindrical piston jacket and one on the piston jacket its side facing the liquid acts as a pressure surface on the liquid, curved piston crown.
- Cartridges with a piston of this type are widely used for the ready-made provision of sealants and adhesives or the like highly viscous liquids.
- the liquids are discharged from the cartridges directly onto the workpieces using suitable dispensing guns.
- the dispensing guns are set up so that a mechanical pressure force directly applied by hand is exerted on the piston or such a pressure force is initially generated pneumatically.
- the internal pressure in the cartridge increases, the stronger the more viscous - with otherwise the same, in particular the same, spatial geometrical conditions - the one in question Liquid is.
- There is the danger that a perfect seal of the piston can no longer be guaranteed and that there is a loss of the liquid to be processed and its discharge into undesired areas.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a piston of the type specified in the introduction in such a way that a sealing of the cartridge is ensured even when the interior of the cartridge containing the liquid is exposed to increased pressure when a pressure force is exerted on the piston is exercised.
- an axially displaceable pressure plate is provided in the cartridge, through which the piston can be loaded with the pressure force in the direction of the liquid, that further pressure pieces are provided on the inner circumference of the piston jacket in such a way that they be loaded by the pressure plate at the same time when it is subjected to the pressure force, that the pressure pieces are each formed as one-armed, clamped in the piston skirt, radially and axially towards the pressure plate obliquely inward lever and that the piston under the action of Compressive force is elastically deformable.
- the outer diameter of the piston jacket increases under the influence of the pressure force, in particular in an area characterized by the connections of the pressure pieces, and until it rests on the wall of the cartridge; increasing pressure increases the sealing force on this wall and thus improves the seal.
- the pressure pieces are distributed uniformly around the circumference of the piston jacket in order to achieve a uniform load on the piston, whereby they are best clamped near the piston crown in the piston skirt, so that the extensibility of the curved piston crown is directly exploited to avoid the formation of a gap in this area between the outer circumference of the piston skirt and the wall of the cartridge.
- the pressure pieces can be formed in one piece with the piston skirt and the piston crown in a simple manner.
- the pressure pieces are particularly advantageously formed from a pressure ring by radial separating slots distributed around its circumference.
- the gusset in the connection area of the piston crown to the piston skirt can be designed in a way that is particularly favorable for the course of forces in that an annular collar is provided on the inner circumference of the piston crown in the piston skirt, to which the pressure pieces are connected.
- Pistons designed according to the invention can advantageously consist of a rubber, a rubber-like material or an elastic plastic; They can then be produced cheaply as molded parts and are particularly functional.
- a piston according to the invention essentially consists in one piece of a hollow cylindrical piston skirt 1 and a piston crown 2.
- the piston skirt 1 is equipped on its outer periphery 11 with a plurality of radially circumferential sealing lips 12 which lie sealingly against the wall of the cartridge omitted in the drawing, within which the piston is movable in the axial direction.
- Some lubrication grooves 13, in which a lubricant is stored, ensure long-term smooth movement of the piston in the cartridge.
- a pressure plate 5 Under the influence of an axial pressure force F, the piston is moved by a pressure plate 5 in the direction of the liquid to be expelled from the cartridge in front of the piston head 2.
- a plurality of pressure pieces 3 uniformly distributed on the inner circumference 14 of the piston skirt 1, are provided, on the stop surface 31 of which the pressure plate 5 strikes.
- the pressure pieces 3 are formed from a pressure ring 30 by separating slots 32, the ring cross-section of which is angled inwards and is subsequently formed on a ring collar 4, so that a (broadly clamped) one-armed lever is formed.
- the load on the lever end located on the stop surface 31 leads to a force component (directed radially on all sides) which presses the piston skirt 1 against the wall of the cartridge. Due to the curved design of the piston crown 2, this can optionally also be stretched slightly; it is also ensured in this way that when the piston is inserted, the excess air in the cartridge escapes and - provided the cartridge is designed appropriately - the liquid can be conveyed out of the cartridge as completely as possible.
- a stiffening of the piston crown 2 by a collar 21 serves the same purpose.
- a stiffening of the piston skirt 1 can be achieved by means of longitudinal ribs 15 provided on its inner circumference 14.
- the given dimensional stability makes it seem advisable to touch the end of the piston skirt 1 on its outer circumference 11 so that a bevel 16 facilitates the introduction of the piston into the cartridge.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kolben für eine Kartusche, in der eine insbesondere hochviskose Flüssigkeit vorrätig gehalten und mittels des Kolbens aus der Kartusche dadurch förderbar ist, daß der Kolben einer axial wirkenden Druckkraft ausgesetzt wird, einstückig bestehend aus einem hohlzylindrischen Kolbenmantel und einem an dem Kolbenmantel auf dessen der Flüssigkeit zugewandten Seite als Druckfläche auf die Flüssigkeit wirkenden, gewölbten Kolbenboden.The invention relates to a piston for a cartridge in which a particularly highly viscous liquid is kept in stock and can be conveyed out of the cartridge by means of the piston in that the piston is subjected to an axially acting compressive force, consisting in one piece of a hollow cylindrical piston jacket and one on the piston jacket its side facing the liquid acts as a pressure surface on the liquid, curved piston crown.
Kartuschen mit einem Kolben dieser Art werden in großem Umfang für die konfektionierte Bereitstellung von Dichtungs- und Klebemitteln oder dergleichen hochviskosen Flüssigkeiten verwendet. Die Flüssigkeiten werden dabei mittels geeigneter Dosierpistolen aus den Kartuschen direkt an den Werkstücken ausgetragen. Die Dosierpistolen sind so eingerichtet, daß auf den Kolben eine von Hand unmittelbar aufgebrachte mechanische Druckkraft ausgeübt oder eine solche Druckkraft zunächst pneumatisch erzeugt wird. In jedem Falle erhöht sich dabei der Innendruck in der Kartusche, umso stärker, je zäher - bei sonst gleichen, insbesondere gleichen raumgeometrischen Bedingungen - die betreffende Flüssigkeit ist. Es besteht die Gefahr, daß dadurch eine einwandfreie Abdichtung des Kolbens nicht mehr gewährleistet werden kann und Verluste an der zu verarbeitenden Flüssigkeit und deren Austrag in unerwünschte Bereiche erfolgen.Cartridges with a piston of this type are widely used for the ready-made provision of sealants and adhesives or the like highly viscous liquids. The liquids are discharged from the cartridges directly onto the workpieces using suitable dispensing guns. The dispensing guns are set up so that a mechanical pressure force directly applied by hand is exerted on the piston or such a pressure force is initially generated pneumatically. In any case, the internal pressure in the cartridge increases, the stronger the more viscous - with otherwise the same, in particular the same, spatial geometrical conditions - the one in question Liquid is. There is the danger that a perfect seal of the piston can no longer be guaranteed and that there is a loss of the liquid to be processed and its discharge into undesired areas.
Die Erfindung hat sich deshalb die Aufgabe gestellt, einen Kolben der eingangs näher bezeichneten Art so auszubilden, daß eine Abdichtung der Kartusche auch dann sichergestellt ist, wenn der die Flüssigkeit enthaltende Innenraum der Kartusche einem erhöhten Druck dann ausgesetzt ist, wenn auf den Kolben eine Druckkraft ausgeübt wird.The invention is therefore based on the object of designing a piston of the type specified in the introduction in such a way that a sealing of the cartridge is ensured even when the interior of the cartridge containing the liquid is exposed to increased pressure when a pressure force is exerted on the piston is exercised.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß eine in der Kartusche axial verschiebbare Druckplatte vorgesehen ist, durch welche der Kolben mit der Druckkraft in Richtung der Flüssigkeit belastbar ist, daß weiterhin an dem inneren Umfang des Kolbenmantels mehrere Druckstücke in der Weise vorgesehen sind, daß sie von der Druckplatte gleichzeitig belastet werden, wenn diese der Druckkraft ausgesetzt ist, daß ferner die Druckstücke jeweils als einarmige, in dem Kolbenmantel eingespannte, radial und axial in Richtung auf die Druckplatte schräg nach innen weisende Hebel ausgebildet sind und daß der Kolben unter der Wirkung der Druckkraft elastisch verformbar ist.According to the invention the object is achieved in that an axially displaceable pressure plate is provided in the cartridge, through which the piston can be loaded with the pressure force in the direction of the liquid, that further pressure pieces are provided on the inner circumference of the piston jacket in such a way that they be loaded by the pressure plate at the same time when it is subjected to the pressure force, that the pressure pieces are each formed as one-armed, clamped in the piston skirt, radially and axially towards the pressure plate obliquely inward lever and that the piston under the action of Compressive force is elastically deformable.
Bei einer solchen Anordnung nimmt der äußere Durchmesser des Kolbenmantels unter dem Einfluß der Druckkraft zu, insbesondere in einem durch die Anschlüsse der Druckstücke gekennzeichneten Bereich, und zwar so lange, bis er an der Wandung der Kartusche anliegt; zunehmende Druckkraft erhöht die Dichtkraft an dieser Wandung und verbessert damit die Abdichtung.With such an arrangement, the outer diameter of the piston jacket increases under the influence of the pressure force, in particular in an area characterized by the connections of the pressure pieces, and until it rests on the wall of the cartridge; increasing pressure increases the sealing force on this wall and thus improves the seal.
Es ist zweckmäßig, wenn die Druckstücke gleichförmig am Umfang des Kolbenmantels verteilt angeordnet sind, um eine gleichförmige Belastung des Kolbens zu erreichen, wobei sie am besten in der Nähe des Kolbenbodens in den Kolbenmantel eingespannt sind, damit die Dehnbarkeit des gewölbten Kolbenbodens unmittelbar ausgenutzt wird, um gerade in diesem Bereich eine Spaltbildung zwischen dem äußeren Umfang des Kolbenmantels und der Wandung der Kartusche zu vermeiden.It is expedient if the pressure pieces are distributed uniformly around the circumference of the piston jacket in order to achieve a uniform load on the piston, whereby they are best clamped near the piston crown in the piston skirt, so that the extensibility of the curved piston crown is directly exploited to avoid the formation of a gap in this area between the outer circumference of the piston skirt and the wall of the cartridge.
In einfacher Weise können die Druckstücke mit dem Kolbenmantel und dem Kolbenboden einstückig ausgebildet sein. Besonders vorteilhaft werden die Druckstücke aus einem Druckring durch an dessen Umfang verteilte radiale Trennschlitze gebildet. Der Zwickel im Anschlußbereich des Kolbenbodens an dem Kolbenmantel kann in einer für den Kräfteverlauf besonders günstigen Weise dadurch ausgestaltet werden, daß an diesem Übergang von dem Kolbenboden in den Kolbenmantel an dessen innerem Umfang ein Ringbund vogesehen ist, an dem die Druckstücke angeschlossen sind.The pressure pieces can be formed in one piece with the piston skirt and the piston crown in a simple manner. The pressure pieces are particularly advantageously formed from a pressure ring by radial separating slots distributed around its circumference. The gusset in the connection area of the piston crown to the piston skirt can be designed in a way that is particularly favorable for the course of forces in that an annular collar is provided on the inner circumference of the piston crown in the piston skirt, to which the pressure pieces are connected.
Eine langanhaltende Arbeitsfähigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens läßt sich erreichen, wenn am dem äußeren Umfang des Kolbenmantels radiale Schmierrillen oder -taschen vorgesehen sind, und die Abdichtung kann verbessert werden, wenn am dem äußeren Umfang des Kolbenmantels radiale Dichtlippen vorgesehen sind.Long-term working ability of the piston according to the invention can be achieved if radial lubrication grooves or pockets are provided on the outer circumference of the piston jacket, and the seal can be improved if radial sealing lips are provided on the outer circumference of the piston jacket.
Erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Kolben können vorteilhaft aus einem Gummi, einem gummiähnlichen Werkstoff oder einem elastischen Kunststoff bestehen; sie sind dann billig als Spritzteile herstellbar und besonders funktionstüchtig.Pistons designed according to the invention can advantageously consist of a rubber, a rubber-like material or an elastic plastic; They can then be produced cheaply as molded parts and are particularly functional.
Die Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden nachstehend an Hand der Zeichnung an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher beschrieben. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- einen erfindungsgemäßen Kolben in einem mittigen Längsschnitt und
- Fig. 2
- eine Druntersicht auf Fig.1, beide in schematisch vereinfachter Darstellung.
- Fig. 1
- a piston according to the invention in a central longitudinal section and
- Fig. 2
- a bottom view of Figure 1, both in a schematic simplified representation.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Kolben besteht im wesentlichen einstückig aus einem hohlkreiszylindrischen Kolbenmantel 1 und einem Kolbenboden 2. Der Kolbenmantel 1 ist an seinem äußeren Umfang 11 mit mehreren radial umlaufenden Dichtlippen 12 ausgerüstet, die sich dichtend an die Wandung der in der Zeichnung weggelassenen Kartusche legen, innerhalb derer der Kolben in axialer Richtung bewegbar ist. Einige Schmierrillen 13, in denen ein Schmiermittel bevorratet ist, gewährleisten eine lang andauernde Leichtgängigkeit des Kolbens in der Kartusche.A piston according to the invention essentially consists in one piece of a hollow
Unter dem Einfluß einer axialen Druckkraft F wird der Kolben von einer Druckplatte 5 in Richtung der vor dem Kolbenboden 2 befindlichen, aus der Kartusche auszutreibenden Flüssigkeit bewegt. Zur Einleitung der Druckkraft F sind mehrere gleichförmig an dem inneren Umfang 14 des Kolbenmantels 1 verteilte Druckstücke 3 vorgesehen, an deren Anschlagfläche 31 die Druckplatte 5 anschlägt. Die Druckstücke 3 sind aus einem Druckring 30 durch Trennschlitze 32 gebildet worden, dessen schräg nach innen abgewinkelter Ringquerschnitt an einem Ringbund 4 anschließend ausgebildet ist, so daß ein (breit eingespannter) einarmiger Hebel entsteht.Under the influence of an axial pressure force F, the piston is moved by a
Die Belastung des an der Anschlagfläche 31 befindlichen Hebelendes führt zu einer (allseits radial gerichteten) Kraftkomponente, die den Kolbenmantel 1 gegen die Wandung der Kartusche preßt. Durch die gewölbte Ausbildung des Kolbenbodens 2 kann dieser dabei gegebenenfalls auch geringfügig gestreckt werden; außerdem ist auf diese Weise dafür gesorgt, daß beim Einführen des Kolbens die in der Kartusche überschüssige Luft entweichen und - entsprechende Gestaltung der Kartusche vorausgesetzt - die Flüssigkeit möglichst vollständig aus der Kartusche förderbar ist. Eine Versteifung des Kolbenbodens 2 durch einen Bund 21 dient dem gleichen Zweck.The load on the lever end located on the
Eine Versteifung des Kolbenmantels 1 hingegen läßt sich durch an dessen innerem Umfang 14 vorgesehene Längsrippen 15 erreichen. Die damit vorgegebene Formstabilität läßt es geraten erscheinen, das kolbenbodenseitige Ende des Kolbenmantels 1 an seinem äußeren Umfang 11 anzufassen, so daß eine Schräge 16 die Einführung des Kolbens in die Kartusche erleichtert.A stiffening of the
- 11
- KolbenmantelPiston skirt
- 1111
- Umfangscope
- 1212th
- DichtlippeSealing lip
- 1313
- SchmierrilleGreasing groove
- 1414
- Umfangscope
- 1515
- LängsrippeLongitudinal rib
- 1616
- SchrägeWeird
- 22nd
- KolbenbodenPiston crown
- 2121
- BundFederation
- 33rd
- DruckstückPressure piece
- 3030th
- DruckringPressure ring
- 3131
- AnschlagflächeAbutment surface
- 3232
- TrennschlitzSeparation slot
- 44th
- RingbundRing collar
- 55
- Druckplatteprinting plate
- FF
- DruckkraftPressure force
Claims (9)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
characterized in that
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI9430140T SI0647569T1 (en) | 1993-10-04 | 1994-04-08 | Piston for cartridges |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4333811 | 1993-10-04 | ||
DE4333811A DE4333811A1 (en) | 1993-10-04 | 1993-10-04 | Pistons for pumping low to high viscosity liquids from cartridges |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0647569A1 true EP0647569A1 (en) | 1995-04-12 |
EP0647569B1 EP0647569B1 (en) | 1998-06-10 |
Family
ID=6499376
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94105446A Expired - Lifetime EP0647569B1 (en) | 1993-10-04 | 1994-04-08 | Piston for cartridges |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0647569B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE167152T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4333811A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0647569T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2119921T3 (en) |
SI (1) | SI0647569T1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2302087A (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 1997-01-08 | Body Shop Int Plc | Dispensing apparatus |
CN107161503A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-09-15 | 南京工业职业技术学院 | It is a kind of to reduce the holding shell wasted |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2071268A (en) * | 1980-02-16 | 1981-09-16 | Fischbach A Kunststoff Kg | End closure/expulsion piston for container for plastic material |
EP0081145A1 (en) * | 1981-12-08 | 1983-06-15 | Alfred Fischbach Kunststoffspritzgusswerk | End closure for a hollow cylindrical extrusion pressure container |
DE9211218U1 (en) * | 1991-08-26 | 1993-01-21 | Prestele, Eugen, 8900 Augsburg | Completely emptyable cartridge for pasty masses |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE8710233U1 (en) * | 1987-07-25 | 1987-11-05 | Alfred Fischbach Kg Kunststoff-Spritzgusswerk, 5250 Engelskirchen | Cartridge piston |
DE4139744C2 (en) * | 1991-12-03 | 1994-07-21 | Alfred Fischbach Kunststoff Sp | Cartridge for plastic masses |
-
1993
- 1993-10-04 DE DE4333811A patent/DE4333811A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-04-08 ES ES94105446T patent/ES2119921T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-08 AT AT94105446T patent/ATE167152T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-04-08 SI SI9430140T patent/SI0647569T1/en unknown
- 1994-04-08 DK DK94105446T patent/DK0647569T3/en active
- 1994-04-08 DE DE59406191T patent/DE59406191D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-04-08 EP EP94105446A patent/EP0647569B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2071268A (en) * | 1980-02-16 | 1981-09-16 | Fischbach A Kunststoff Kg | End closure/expulsion piston for container for plastic material |
EP0081145A1 (en) * | 1981-12-08 | 1983-06-15 | Alfred Fischbach Kunststoffspritzgusswerk | End closure for a hollow cylindrical extrusion pressure container |
DE9211218U1 (en) * | 1991-08-26 | 1993-01-21 | Prestele, Eugen, 8900 Augsburg | Completely emptyable cartridge for pasty masses |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2302087A (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 1997-01-08 | Body Shop Int Plc | Dispensing apparatus |
GB2302087B (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 1999-01-27 | Body Shop Int Plc | Dispensing apparatus |
CN107161503A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-09-15 | 南京工业职业技术学院 | It is a kind of to reduce the holding shell wasted |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK0647569T3 (en) | 1999-03-29 |
DE4333811A1 (en) | 1995-04-06 |
ES2119921T3 (en) | 1998-10-16 |
DE59406191D1 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
SI0647569T1 (en) | 1998-08-31 |
EP0647569B1 (en) | 1998-06-10 |
ATE167152T1 (en) | 1998-06-15 |
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