EP0641971B1 - Procédé pour commander un brûleur à prémélange et brûleur pour l'exécution du procédé - Google Patents

Procédé pour commander un brûleur à prémélange et brûleur pour l'exécution du procédé Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0641971B1
EP0641971B1 EP94112811A EP94112811A EP0641971B1 EP 0641971 B1 EP0641971 B1 EP 0641971B1 EP 94112811 A EP94112811 A EP 94112811A EP 94112811 A EP94112811 A EP 94112811A EP 0641971 B1 EP0641971 B1 EP 0641971B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
premixing burner
section
partial bodies
premix burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94112811A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0641971A2 (fr
EP0641971A3 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Döbbeling
Hans Peter Knöpfel
Thomas Dr. Sattelmayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Publication of EP0641971A2 publication Critical patent/EP0641971A2/fr
Publication of EP0641971A3 publication Critical patent/EP0641971A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0641971B1 publication Critical patent/EP0641971B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2214/00—Cooling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method according to Preamble of claim 1. It also relates to a burner to carry out the procedure.
  • the Mixture formation from fresh air, at best by a lot recycled exhaust gas, and fuel for formation of a combustion air flow occurs in such a way that the Premix burners have different fuel injections can.
  • a first option is that in the beginning of the premix burner, i.e. in the area of its smallest Cross section, at least one fuel nozzle provided is which is the center of the staggered Central axes of the partial body is placed.
  • Another Fuel injection which can either be operated individually is, or in operative connection with the aforementioned Fuel nozzle is provided by being along the tangential entry slots, at the transition into the Interior, a number of fuel nozzles are provided.
  • the injection of a liquid fuel through the nozzle in the middle happens that in Flow direction of the premix burner is a conical one forms spray-like fuel column, which, however, the Inner walls of the cone cavity are not wetted.
  • This Fuel column is from the inflowing into the interior Airflow and possibly from an axially brought up enclosed further airflow, such that within a mixture formation takes place in the premix burner.
  • This Mixture comes to ignition at the outlet of the premix burner, being in the area of this burner mouth by one there backflow zone forming a stabilization of the flame front is induced.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention how it is characterized in the claims, the task lies on the basis of a method and a burner for Implementation of the procedure of the type mentioned at the beginning
  • To propose means that are stable Premixed combustion with the smallest possible degree of turbulence and ensure minimized NOx emissions.
  • the remedy is in the present invention by introduction at a suitable point in a venturi mixer, which Combustion air flow to the interior of the burner is connected upstream.
  • the Venturi mixer can be used with a Cooling air flow can be expanded.
  • the design type offers especially great advantages when the fuel is high Has hydrogen portions. The fuel turns on injected a place where the highest combustion air speed prevails.
  • the venturi mixer ensures good mixture formation between fuel and air with low pressure loss realizable.
  • the invention further has another essential Advantage on that is that above the tangential entry slots no premix section for a fuel injected there must be provided, with which the original compactness of the burner through the Extension to fuels with a high hydrogen content is not lost.
  • the invention also eliminates the need for fuel pressure, to provide help for a better mixture formation, before injecting the fuel to increase as this usual pre-mixing sections is always the case.
  • FIG. 1 is a radial section show the premix burner X.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 Venturi mixer in the area or above the tangential Air inlet slots and the combustion air supply not shown. The following also applies to the Description of Fig. 1, as needed for clarification, referred to the other figures.
  • the premix burner X according to FIG. 1 consists of two halves tapered partial bodies 1, 2, which are offset from one another lie on one another.
  • the cone shape of the Part body 1, 2 shown has a in the flow direction certain fixed angle.
  • they can Partial body 1, 2 in the flow direction another Have opening configuration, for example one regular or irregular increasing taper, which figuratively leads to a trumpet shape, or a regular or irregular decreasing taper, which figuratively leads to a tulip shape.
  • the the latter two forms are not drawn recorded because they are easy to understand. Which The final form chosen depends on the different parameters of the respective combustion.
  • the Displacement of the respective central axis 1b, 2b of the tapered Partial body 1, 2 creates each other on both sides in Axially symmetrical arrangement each a tangential Air inlet slot 21, 22 (Fig. 2 + 3) and an axial Inflow cross section 18 free, through which the one Fresh air or a mixture of fresh air and flue gas existing combustion air 15, 16 in the interior 14 of the Premix burner X flows.
  • the two conical partial bodies 1, 2 each have a cylindrical starting part 1a, 2a, which also run in an analogous manner to the partial bodies 1, 2, so that the tangential air inlet slots 21, 22 over the entire length of the premix burner X is present.
  • the premix burner X can be purely conical, thus be formed without cylindrical starting parts 1a, 2a. Within this cylindrical initial part 1a, 2a, the is particularly good as a seat for Anchoring of the whole premix burner X is suitable at least one fuel nozzle 3 housed.
  • Both Partial bodies 1, 2 have one in the axial as required Direction extending fuel line 8, 9 on, which are provided with a number of nozzles 17. Through this Lines are preferably a gaseous fuel 13 passed through the said nozzles 17 in the area of tangential air inlet slots 21, 22 (see FIG. 2) of the combustion air 15 flowing there is added.
  • the premix burner X can also be used alone with the Fuel supply via the nozzle 3, or via the nozzles 17th operate.
  • the premix burner has combustion chamber side 11 X a collar-shaped plate 10, which a number Has holes 10a, through which dilution or Cooling air is supplied to the front part of the premix burner X. becomes. Is a liquid fuel via the nozzle 3 fed, so this is at an acute angle in the Interior 14 of the premix burner X injected, in such a way that as far as possible up to the burner outlet level sets homogeneous conical spray pattern 5.
  • the Fuel injection 4 can be an air-assisted one Nozzle or a nozzle, which after a Pressure atomization principle works.
  • the conical spray pattern 5 is, according to the number of air inlet slots 21, 22, of combustion air flows flowing in tangentially 15 and from the axially brought in further combustion air 16 enclosed.
  • the concentration of the injected fuel 12th continuously through the combustion air streams 15 mentioned, 16 mined. Is generally a gaseous fuel 13 in Area of the tangential entry slots 21, 22 introduced, the mixture formation begins with the Combustion air 15 already in this area.
  • a liquid fuel 12 is in the range of Vortex running, ie in the area of the backflow zone 6 am End of the premix burner X, the optimal, homogeneous Fuel concentration reached across the cross section.
  • the once-fixed backflow zone 6 on is stable in position, because the number of twists increases Flow direction in the area of the cone shape of the Premix burner X too.
  • the axial speed of the Mixture can furthermore be mentioned by the already mentioned influence the axial supply of combustion air 16.
  • the Construction of the premix burner X is suitable for given length of the burner which should not be exceeded excellent, the gap width of the tangentailen Air inlet slots 21, 22 change by the tapered body 1, 2 moved to or apart can be, which makes the distance between the two Central axes 1b, 2b, as a result, reduced or. enlarged, as can be derived from Fig. 2 well.
  • the tapered body 1, 2nd to move into each other by a rotating movement. It is therefore possible, with appropriate precautions, to Shape and size of the tangential air inlet slots 21, 22 to vary during operation, with what without Change in length, the same premix burner X one can cover wide functionality.
  • a venturi mixer 32 is provided over the entire length of the premix burner, which consists of a double passage, ie consists of flows 33, 34.
  • the middle venturi body 35 also serves as a fuel feed line. It is further provided with nozzles 36 on both sides in the direction of the above-mentioned flows 33, 34.
  • the flows 33, 34 develop a venturi effect in that the two other adjacent bodies 37, 38 are also designed in a venturi manner.
  • This simple splitting of the venturi mixer 32 has the effect that the overall length of the mixture-forming area can be minimized sustainably without having to forego the advantages of individual venturi sections.
  • This splitting can be a multiple and can also be carried out in the sense of a Venturi matrix, not shown. In the latter possible embodiment, it is a matter of covering the flow into the interior 14 of the premix burner X with many small pipe venturies.
  • FIG. 3 differs fundamentally from FIG. 2 in that the tapered partial body 1, 2 with additional Baffles 41, 42 are expanded, through which additional a cooling air flow 43 flows, the sub-body 1, 2 under another cools.
  • the Venturi mixer 44 shown here creates a simple compared to the combustion air 15 Venturi-like flow 45, which is why the fuel nozzles 46 only work here.
  • Another venturi effect arises in relation to the cooling air flow 43.
  • the venturi body 47 is also designed as a fuel feed pipe.
  • Venturi mixers 32, 44 regardless of their embodiment, the interior 14 of the Premix burner X are connected upstream.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour commander un brûleur à prémélange, qui se compose essentiellement d'au moins deux corps partiels creux positionnés l'un sur l'autre, dont les axes centraux sont orientés dans la direction longitudinale des corps partiels avec un décalage l'un par rapport à l'autre, d'une façon telle qu'il se forme ainsi une section axiale d'entrée et des fentes d'entrée tangentielles respectives pour l'introduction d'un courant d'air de combustion dans le volume intérieur du brûleur à prémélange, et dans lequel le brûleur à prémélange est commandé au moyen d'au moins une introduction de combustible, caractérisé en ce que l'introduction de combustible (36, 46) se fait dans la région d'au moins une zone de venturi (33, 34, 45), qui opère au-dessus du volume intérieur (14) du brûleur à prémélange (X), et en ce que cette zone de venturi (33, 34, 45) est parcourue par le courant d'air de combustion (15).
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le brûleur à prémélange (X) est commandé avec un combustible (31) à haute teneur en hydrogène.
  3. Brûleur à prémélange pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel le brûleur à prémélange (X) se compose, dans la direction d'écoulement, d'au moins deux corps partiels creux (1, 2) positionnés l'un sur l'autre, dont les axes centraux (1b, 2b) sont orientés dans la direction longitudinale des corps partiels (1, 2) avec un décalage l'un par rapport à l'autre, d'une façon telle qu'il se forme des fentes d'entrée tangentielles (21, 22) et une section axiale d'entrée (18), caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un mélangeur de venturi (32, 44) est disposé dans la région des fentes d'entrée tangentielles (21, 22) et en ce qu'au moins un injecteur de combustible (36, 46) est en relation active avec le mélangeur de venturi (32, 44).
  4. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le brûleur à prémélange (X) est pourvu d'au moins un injecteur de combustible (3) placé du côté de la tête et/ou d'un certain nombre d'injecteurs de combustible (17) disposés dans la région des fentes d'entrée tangentielles (21, 22).
  5. Brûleur à prémélange suivant les revendications 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce qu'un combustible gazeux (31) peut être injecté par les injecteurs de combustible (36, 46) dans la région du mélangeur de venturi (32, 44), un combustible liquide (12) par l'injecteur de combustible (3) disposé du côté de la tête et un combustible gazeux (13) par les injecteurs de combustible (17) disposés dans la région des fentes d'entrée tangentielles (21, 22).
  6. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les corps partiels (1, 2) présentent une section d'écoulement augmentant régulièrement dans la direction d'écoulement.
  7. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les corps partiels (1, 2) présentent une section d'écoulement augmentant irrégulièrement dans la direction d'écoulement.
  8. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les corps partiels (1, 2) présentent une section d'écoulement diminuant régulièrement dans la direction d'écoulement.
  9. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les corps partiels (1, 2) présentent une section d'écoulement diminuant irrégulièrement dans la direction d'écoulement.
EP94112811A 1993-09-06 1994-08-17 Procédé pour commander un brûleur à prémélange et brûleur pour l'exécution du procédé Expired - Lifetime EP0641971B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4330083A DE4330083A1 (de) 1993-09-06 1993-09-06 Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners
DE4330083 1993-09-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0641971A2 EP0641971A2 (fr) 1995-03-08
EP0641971A3 EP0641971A3 (fr) 1995-08-16
EP0641971B1 true EP0641971B1 (fr) 1998-05-13

Family

ID=6496954

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94112811A Expired - Lifetime EP0641971B1 (fr) 1993-09-06 1994-08-17 Procédé pour commander un brûleur à prémélange et brûleur pour l'exécution du procédé

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5489203A (fr)
EP (1) EP0641971B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07208710A (fr)
DE (2) DE4330083A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4439619A1 (de) * 1994-11-05 1996-05-09 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners
DE4445279A1 (de) * 1994-12-19 1996-06-20 Abb Management Ag Einspritzdüse
DE4446842B4 (de) * 1994-12-27 2006-08-10 Alstom Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zuleiten eines gasförmigen Brennstoffs in einen Vormischbrenner
DE19548851A1 (de) * 1995-12-27 1997-07-03 Asea Brown Boveri Vormischbrenner
DE19619873A1 (de) * 1996-05-17 1997-11-20 Abb Research Ltd Brenner
DE19654116A1 (de) * 1996-12-23 1998-06-25 Abb Research Ltd Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkammer mit einem flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoff
US6141954A (en) * 1998-05-18 2000-11-07 United Technologies Corporation Premixing fuel injector with improved flame disgorgement capacity
US6065961A (en) * 1999-02-16 2000-05-23 Shaffer; Yul E. Low NOx burner
DE10050248A1 (de) * 2000-10-11 2002-04-18 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Brenner
DE10051221A1 (de) * 2000-10-16 2002-07-11 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Brenner mit gestufter Brennstoff-Eindüsung
DE50110801D1 (de) * 2000-12-23 2006-10-05 Alstom Technology Ltd Brenner zur Erzeugung eines Heissgases
WO2006058843A1 (fr) * 2004-11-30 2006-06-08 Alstom Technology Ltd Procede et dispositif de combustion d'hydrogene dans un bruleur a premelange
DE502006007811D1 (de) * 2005-06-17 2010-10-21 Alstom Technology Ltd Brenner zur vormischartigen Verbrennung
US20070190382A1 (en) * 2006-02-10 2007-08-16 Fischer Bernhard A Hydrocarbon reformer system
EP1843098A1 (fr) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz
EP2220438B1 (fr) * 2007-11-27 2019-07-24 Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG Procédé d'utilisation d'une centrale électrique à cycle combiné avec une installation de turbine à gaz par recours à un deuxième carburant riche en hydrogène
JP5574969B2 (ja) * 2007-11-27 2014-08-20 アルストム テクノロジー リミテッド 予混合バーナ内で水素を燃焼させるための方法および装置
EP2685163B1 (fr) 2012-07-10 2020-03-25 Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG Brûleur de prémélange du type multi-cônes destiné à une turbine à gaz
JP6602004B2 (ja) * 2014-09-29 2019-11-06 川崎重工業株式会社 燃料噴射器及びガスタービン
JP2024080498A (ja) * 2022-12-02 2024-06-13 トヨタ自動車株式会社 水素ガスタービンに適した燃焼器及びその燃焼ノズル
KR102532015B1 (ko) * 2022-12-16 2023-05-12 최진민 보일러용 가스 혼합기

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0321809A1 (fr) * 1987-12-21 1989-06-28 BBC Brown Boveri AG Procédé pour la combustion de combustible liquide dans un brûleur

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2838103A (en) * 1956-04-03 1958-06-10 Temple S Voorheis Forced air draft burner construction
US3217779A (en) * 1963-07-18 1965-11-16 Zink Co John Gas and liquid fuel burner combination
CH679692A5 (fr) * 1989-04-24 1992-03-31 Asea Brown Boveri
CH680946A5 (fr) * 1989-12-19 1992-12-15 Asea Brown Boveri
CH680467A5 (fr) * 1989-12-22 1992-08-31 Asea Brown Boveri
CH682952A5 (de) * 1991-03-12 1993-12-15 Asea Brown Boveri Brenner für eine Vormischverbrennung eines flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoffes.
US5307634A (en) * 1992-02-26 1994-05-03 United Technologies Corporation Premix gas nozzle
US5240409A (en) * 1992-04-10 1993-08-31 Institute Of Gas Technology Premixed fuel/air burners

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0321809A1 (fr) * 1987-12-21 1989-06-28 BBC Brown Boveri AG Procédé pour la combustion de combustible liquide dans un brûleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5489203A (en) 1996-02-06
DE4330083A1 (de) 1995-03-09
EP0641971A2 (fr) 1995-03-08
EP0641971A3 (fr) 1995-08-16
DE59405946D1 (de) 1998-06-18
JPH07208710A (ja) 1995-08-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0641971B1 (fr) Procédé pour commander un brûleur à prémélange et brûleur pour l'exécution du procédé
EP0321809B1 (fr) Procédé pour la combustion de combustible liquide dans un brûleur
EP0387532B1 (fr) Chambre de combustion d'une turbine à gaz
EP1645802B1 (fr) Brûleur à prémélange
DE69412484T2 (de) Verbrennungskammer eines gasturbinenmotors
EP0777081B1 (fr) Brûleur à prémélange
EP0918191B1 (fr) Brûleur pour la mise en oeuvre d'un générateur de chaleur
EP0401529B1 (fr) Chambre de combustion d'une turbine à gaz
EP0481111B1 (fr) Chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz
DE19640198A1 (de) Vormischbrenner
EP0724114A2 (fr) Brûleur
EP0394800B1 (fr) Brûleur à mélange préalable pour la génération de gaz chaud
EP0347834A2 (fr) Tête de brûleur pour brûleur à gaz à soufflage
EP0994300A1 (fr) Brûleur pour la conduite d'un générateur de chaleur
EP0783089B1 (fr) Brûleur sous forme d'un cône
EP0483554B1 (fr) Procédé pour la réduction au minimum des émissions de NOx dans une combustion
EP0694730B1 (fr) Bruleur
DE4412315A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben der Brennkammer einer Gasturbine
EP0777082A2 (fr) Brûleur à prémélange
EP0866268B1 (fr) Procédé de fonctionnement d'un brûleur stabilisé par vortex et brûleur mettant en oeuvre le procédé
EP0780628B1 (fr) Brûleur à prémélange pour un générateur de chaleur
EP0913630A1 (fr) Brûleur pour la mise en oeuvre d'un générateur de chaleur
EP0866269B1 (fr) Chaudière pour la génération de chaleur
EP0786626A1 (fr) Brûleur à prémélange
DE19505614A1 (de) Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): DE GB

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): DE GB

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19960125

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19970704

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE GB

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59405946

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19980618

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19980722

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20010713

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20010801

Year of fee payment: 8

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020817

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030301

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20020817