EP0639658B1 - Process for degreasing and cleaning material covered with greasy and/or oily substances - Google Patents
Process for degreasing and cleaning material covered with greasy and/or oily substances Download PDFInfo
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- EP0639658B1 EP0639658B1 EP94117579A EP94117579A EP0639658B1 EP 0639658 B1 EP0639658 B1 EP 0639658B1 EP 94117579 A EP94117579 A EP 94117579A EP 94117579 A EP94117579 A EP 94117579A EP 0639658 B1 EP0639658 B1 EP 0639658B1
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- solvent
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- cleaned
- cleaning step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0064—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by temperature changes
- B08B7/0071—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by temperature changes by heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
- C23G5/024—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing hydrocarbons
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the gentle degreasing and cleaning of goods containing fat and / or oil-containing substances.
- lubricant residues is one of the most pressing tasks. For example, cleaning and degreasing of automotive transmissions, universal joints, cylinder blocks etc. is essential for subsequent processing for manufacturing reasons. Cleaning primarily means removing lubricants.
- the components to be cleaned must be dry after cleaning, ie the technical surfaces of the parts must be free of oil or. Be fat layers so that they can further regeneration processes such. B. grinding operations can be. Lubricants, for example, would make a grinding process, if not impossible, at least severely hinder it.
- a degreasing process in an evacuable kettle is known (GB-A-1 135 181), in which the greasy metal objects to be cleaned are first cleaned with cold organic solvent before the objects are treated with hot solvent vapors and the temperature of the have assumed boiling solvent, after which residual solvent vapor is degreased by means of vacuum, the solvent being collected together with the detached fats in a reflux container.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for degreasing and cleaning goods containing grease and / or oil-containing substances, in which the goods to be cleaned do not undergo any physical and chemical surface changes and are therefore suitable for appropriate reuse. Furthermore, a largely complete recovery of the lubricants adhering to the objects to be cleaned is to be achieved by the method according to the invention. Finally, the process is intended to ensure that substances which are harmful to the environment cannot escape into the open air, but remain enclosed.
- the method according to the invention is based on a thermal process which, in conjunction with vacuum, leads to certain process conditions and can be carried out “wet” according to the proposed solution.
- the process is carried out with a similar, volatile fraction of the lubricant and replaces all open cleaning processes based on, for example, CFCs, CHCs and aqueous alkalis, in which environmentally compatible vapors can escape to the outside.
- the so-called wet process comes e.g. for use in recycling Perbunan, Viton, FEP, PTFE, silicones as well as in cast and steel parts before melting to recover the alloys. It can also be used for oily granules, sands and dusts.
- the immersion bath solution acts on the lubricant layer firmly adhering to the surfaces of the goods 1, which is composed both of fats and oils and of macroscopic solids, in such a way that the lubricant layer is softened and the subsequent cleaning process is facilitated.
- the invention it was recognized that such pretreatment of the goods to be cleaned sustainably supports the success of the cleaning process, but is not absolutely a requirement.
- the goods 1 to be cleaned are each mounted on a batch carrier 2, which is introduced into the process chamber 5, which can be opened at least on one side. After the chamber door has been closed, a vacuum which is less than 10 hPa is generated via a suction line 12, a backing pump and a downstream Roots pump.
- cooled condensers 6, 6 ′, 6 ′′ are provided in the suction line 12, which extract existing grease and oil vapors from the suction line 12.
- a high-pressure nozzle system which is supplied through a spray pressure line 11 with a solvent of its own or a similar solvent, the ones to be cleaned Goods with the solvent, which advantageously has a slightly higher vapor pressure than the greases and oils contained in the lubricant, applied to the surface.
- the solvent contaminated with lubricant is pumped through a filter system, which connects to the lowest point of the process chamber 5, to an evaporator 14, which thickenes the solvent containing the lubricant.
- the local heating of the surface of the goods to be cleaned due to the heat of condensation that arises, removes the residues of the lubricant layer, that is to say also the macroscopic solid particles, from the surface.
- the condensate draining from the goods passes through the already mentioned filter system with the downstream capacitors 6, the solvent mixed with lubricant and solid particles being thickened. While the thickened remainder is being disposed of, the parts of fats and oils which can be evaporated in the circuit are extracted by a downstream combination of heater 14 'and capacitors 6 connected in between. The condensate obtained is reused for the start of a new cleaning process.
- the vacuum chamber is evacuated further, the remaining solvent vapors are pumped out and thus the components to be cleaned dried.
- the vacuum chamber is then vented and is available for a new cleaning process after the cleaned parts have been removed.
- the goods cleaned with this wet process have grease and dirt-free surfaces and can be directly processed.
- the wet process according to the invention does not have any bath surfaces exposed to the atmosphere and therefore does not represent any pollution of the environment with harmful vapors. It is in particular a closed circuit which is optimized in such a way that the waste generated is minimized and the entry of solvents for the cleaning process is self-sustaining by gaining new solvents from the lubricant layers themselves.
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur schonenden Entfettung und Reinigung von mit fett- und/oder ölhaltigen Stoffen behaftetem Gut.The invention relates to a method for the gentle degreasing and cleaning of goods containing fat and / or oil-containing substances.
Vor einer Wiederaufbereitung mechanischer Bauteile, insbesondere Getriebebauteile, wie sie z.B. im Automobilbereich in überaus großen Mengen anfallen, ist die Beseitigung von Schmierstoffresten eine der vordringlichsten Aufgaben. So ist die Reinigung und Entfettung z.B. von Automobilgetrieben, Kardangelenken, Zylinderblöcken etc. für eine nachfolgende Weiterbearbeitung aus Fertigungsgründen unabdingbar. Die Reinigung bedeutet hierbei in erster Linie die Beseitigung von Schmierstoffen. Die zu reinigenden Bauteile müssen nach der Reinigung trocken, d.h. die technischen Oberflächen der Teile müssen frei von Öl-bzw. Fettschichten sein, damit sie weiteren Regenerierungsprozessen, wie z. B. Schleifvorgängen, zugeführt werden können. Schmierstoffe würden z.B. einen Schleifprozeß wenn nicht unmöglich machen, so doch zumindest stark behindern.Before reprocessing mechanical components, especially gear components, such as those that occur in extremely large quantities in the automotive sector, the removal of lubricant residues is one of the most pressing tasks. For example, cleaning and degreasing of automotive transmissions, universal joints, cylinder blocks etc. is essential for subsequent processing for manufacturing reasons. Cleaning primarily means removing lubricants. The components to be cleaned must be dry after cleaning, ie the technical surfaces of the parts must be free of oil or. Be fat layers so that they can further regeneration processes such. B. grinding operations can be. Lubricants, for example, would make a grinding process, if not impossible, at least severely hinder it.
Ferner ist die Entsorgung von mit Schmierstoffen versetztem Abfall, der insbesondere in Schleifwerkstätten anfällt, in denen beliebige Bauteile aus Metall oder Kunststoff verarbeitet werden, wie zum Beispiel Schleifschlamm bzw. -staub, nicht befriedigend gelöst, zumal eine Auftrennung in verwertbare und nichtverwertbare Materialien bisher nur mit, unter Umweltgesichtpunkten nicht unbedenklichen, chemischen oder thermischen Trennprozessen möglich ist. Aus der Sicht der gegenwärtigen Entsorgungsproblematik erscheint es darüberhinaus erforderlich zu sein, mögliche Trennverfahren anzuwenden, die zumindest den endgültig zu entsorgenden Restmüll minimieren.Furthermore, the disposal of lubricant-containing waste, which arises in particular in grinding workshops in which any metal or plastic components are processed, such as grinding sludge or dust, has not been satisfactorily solved, especially since separation into recyclable and non-recyclable materials has so far only been possible with chemical or thermal separation processes that are not harmless from an environmental point of view. From the point of view of the current disposal problems, it also appears to be necessary to use possible separation processes that at least minimize the residual waste to be finally disposed of.
Bekannt ist ein Verfahren zum Reinigen und Entfetten von Metallteilen (DE-C-34 74 25) mittels organischer Lösungsmittel unter Rückgewinnung der Lösungs- und Fettungsmittel, nach dem die Gegenstände zunächst mit dem kalten Lösungsmittel, dann jedoch sofort mit den Dämpfen des Lösungsmittels so lange behandelt werden, bis die Gegenstände die Temperatur des siedenden Lösungsmittels angenommen haben und schließlich die noch im Reinigungsgefäß vorhandenen Dämpfe mittels eines Luftstromes oder mittels Vakuum entfernt werden, wobei die mitgeführten Dämpfe des Lösungsmittels durch Kühlung oder Absorption in einem Waschmittel wiedergewonnen werden.Known is a method for cleaning and degreasing metal parts (DE-C-34 74 25) using organic solvents with recovery of the solvents and greasing agents, after which the objects first with the cold solvent, but then immediately with the vapors of the solvent are treated until the objects have reached the temperature of the boiling solvent and finally the vapors still present in the cleaning vessel are removed by means of an air stream or by means of a vacuum, the vapors carried by the solvent being recovered by cooling or absorption in a detergent.
Weiterhin ist ein Entfettungsverfahren in einem evakuierbaren Kessel bekannt (GB-A-1 135 181), bei dem die zu reinigenden, mit Fett behafteten Metallgegenstände zuerst mit kaltem organischen Lösungsmittel gereinigt werden, ehe die Gegenstände mit heißen Lösungsmitteldämpfen behandelt werden und diese die Temperatur des siedenden Lösungsmittels angenommen haben, wonach restlicher Lösungsmitteldampf mittels Vakuum entfettet wird, wobei das Lösungsmittel zusammen mit den abgelösten Fetten in einem Rücklaufbehälter aufgefangen wird.Furthermore, a degreasing process in an evacuable kettle is known (GB-A-1 135 181), in which the greasy metal objects to be cleaned are first cleaned with cold organic solvent before the objects are treated with hot solvent vapors and the temperature of the have assumed boiling solvent, after which residual solvent vapor is degreased by means of vacuum, the solvent being collected together with the detached fats in a reflux container.
Andere bislang verwendeten Reinigungsverfahren, mit denen vorrangig mit Schmierstoffen behaftete Bauteile gereinigt werden, beruhen auf der Anwendung fettlösender Mittel hauptsächlich auf der Verwendung von Perchlor-, Trichlor-, oder Tetrachlor-Verbindungen. Aus gesundheits- und umweltschädlichen Gründen ist die Anwendung der meisten Chlorverbindungen problematisch. So ist die Anwendung von Perchlor in Reinigungsanlagen zeitlich limitiert und besonders strengen Sicherheitsauflagen unterworfen. Zudem entstehen bei derartigen Reinigungsprozessen große Mengen an hochgiftigen, nicht trennbaren Flüssigkeiten, die es bislang in ihrer zum Teil unbekannten Zusammensetzung zu entsorgen galt.Other cleaning methods used to date, with which components which are primarily lubricated are cleaned, are based on the use of fat-dissolving agents, mainly on the use of perchloric, trichloric or tetrachloric compounds. The use of most chlorine compounds is problematic for health and environmental reasons. The use of perchlor in cleaning systems is limited in time and subject to particularly strict safety requirements. In addition, such cleaning processes result in large amounts of highly toxic, inseparable liquids, which previously had to be disposed of in their partly unknown composition.
Neben der Problematik der Entsorgung von Abfallstoffen spielt die Wiederverwertbarkeit der zu reinigenden Stoffe und Gegenstände eine Hauptrolle. In diesem Zusammenhang sind extra vergütete mechanische Bauteile zu nennen, die durch thermochemische Verfahrensschritte eine erhöhte Oberflächenhärte aufweisen. Derartige Oberflächenbeschaffenheiten können jedoch durch zu hohe Temperaturen in Mitleidenschaft gezogen werden. Eine Wiederverwendung eines derartig behandelten Bauteils ist daher fraglich.In addition to the problem of the disposal of waste materials, the recyclability of the substances and objects to be cleaned plays a major role. In this context, specially tempered mechanical components are to be mentioned, which are characterized by thermochemical Process steps have an increased surface hardness. Such surface textures can, however, be affected by excessive temperatures. Reusing a component treated in this way is therefore questionable.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Entfettung und Reinigung von mit fett- und/oder ölhaltigen Stoffen behaftetem Gut anzugeben, bei dem das zu reinigende Gut keinerlei physikalische und chemische Oberflächenveränderungen erleidet und daher für eine entsprechende Wiederverwendung geeignet ist. Des weiteren soll eine weitgehend vollständige Rückgewinnung der Schmiermittel, die den zu reinigenden Gegenständen anhaften, durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erreicht werden. Schließlich soll das Verfahren sicher stellen, daß die Umwelt schädigende Substanzen nicht ins Freie gelangen können, sondern eingeschlossen bleiben.The invention is based on the object of specifying a method for degreasing and cleaning goods containing grease and / or oil-containing substances, in which the goods to be cleaned do not undergo any physical and chemical surface changes and are therefore suitable for appropriate reuse. Furthermore, a largely complete recovery of the lubricants adhering to the objects to be cleaned is to be achieved by the method according to the invention. Finally, the process is intended to ensure that substances which are harmful to the environment cannot escape into the open air, but remain enclosed.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß:
- die zu reinigenden metallischen Bauteile, Granulate, Sande oder Stäube in eine Vakuumkammer eingesetzt werden,
- in einem ersten Reinigungsschritt die dem zu reinigenden Gut anhaftenden Fette und/oder Öle mit einem ihrer Konsistenz ähnlichen Lösungsmittel einer artgleichen, leicht flüchtigen Fraktion des Schmiermittels, vorzugsweise Petroleum und/oder Kerosin, beaufschlagt und das sich bildende Gemisch ausLösungsmittel und abgelösten Fetten bzw. Ölen einem Verdampfer zugeführt wird
- in einem zweiten Reinigungsschritt der sich am Verdampfer bildende Dampf dem Gut zugeleitet wird, an dessen Oberfläche der Dampf kondensiert und unter Kondensatbildung die Restverschmutzung beseitigt,
- in einem dritten Reinigungsschritt der Dampf einem Kondensator zugeführt wird, dessen gewonnenes Kondensat dem Reinigungsprozeß als Lösungsmittel erneut zugeführt wird und
- in einem vierten Reinigungsschritt die Vakuumkammer derart weiter evakuiert wird, daß restliche Lösungsmitteldämpfe vollständig entfernt und über den Vakuumpumpen jeweils nachgeschalteten Kondensatoren recycelt werden.
- the metallic components, granules, sands or dusts to be cleaned are placed in a vacuum chamber,
- In a first cleaning step, the fats and / or oils adhering to the material to be cleaned are treated with a solvent of a similar type, of a similar, volatile fraction of the lubricant, preferably petroleum and / or kerosene, and the mixture of solvent and detached fats or oils that forms is supplied to an evaporator
- in a second cleaning step, the vapor that forms on the evaporator is fed to the material on its surface the steam condenses and eliminates residual contamination while forming condensate,
- in a third cleaning step the steam is fed to a condenser, the condensate obtained is fed back to the cleaning process as a solvent and
- in a fourth cleaning step, the vacuum chamber is evacuated further in such a way that residual solvent vapors are completely removed and, in each case, downstream capacitors are recycled above the vacuum pumps.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Merkmale ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further details and features emerge from the subclaims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beruht auf einem thermischen Prozess, der in Verbindung mit Vakuum zu bestimmten Prozeßbedingungen führt, und kann gemäß dem Lösungsvorschlag "naß" durchgeführt werden. Der Prozeß wird mit einer artgleichen, leicht flüchtigen Fraktion des Schmiermittels durchgeführt und ersetzt alle offenen Reinigungsverfahren auf der Basis von beispielsweise FCKWLs, CKW's und wässrigen Laugen, bei denen umweltunverträgliche Dämpfe ins Freie gelangen können. Das sogenannte Naßverfahren kommt z.B. zum Einsatz beim Recyclen von Perbunan, Viton, FEP, PTFE, Siliconen sowie bei Guß- und Stahlteilen vor dem Einschmelzen zur Rückgewinnung der Legierungen. Es ist auch eine Anwendung bei verölten Granulaten, Sanden und Stäuben denkbar.The method according to the invention is based on a thermal process which, in conjunction with vacuum, leads to certain process conditions and can be carried out “wet” according to the proposed solution. The process is carried out with a similar, volatile fraction of the lubricant and replaces all open cleaning processes based on, for example, CFCs, CHCs and aqueous alkalis, in which environmentally compatible vapors can escape to the outside. The so-called wet process comes e.g. for use in recycling Perbunan, Viton, FEP, PTFE, silicones as well as in cast and steel parts before melting to recover the alloys. It can also be used for oily granules, sands and dusts.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend ohne Beschränkung des allgemeinen Erfindungsgedankens anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung, die eine schematische Übersicht über die Prozeßkomponenten für das Naßverfahren zeigt, beschrieben, auf die im übrigen bezüglich der Offenbarung aller im Text nicht näher erläuterten erfindungsgemäßen Einzelheiten ausdrücklich verwiesen wird.The invention is described below without restricting the general inventive concept using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing, which is a schematic Overview of the process components for the wet process shows, described, to which reference is expressly made with regard to the disclosure of all details according to the invention not explained in detail in the text.
Wie bereits erwähnt wirkt die Tauchbadlösung auf die fest an den Oberflächen der Güter 1 anhaftende Schmiermittelschicht, die sich sowohl aus Fetten und Ölen als auch aus makroskopischen Festkörpern zusammensetzt, derart, daß die Schmiermittelschicht aufgeweicht wird und den nachfolgenden Reinigungsprozeß erleichtert. Erfindungsgemäß wurde erkannt, daß eine derartige Vorbehandlung der zu reinigenden Güter den Erfolg des Reinigungsverfahrens nachhaltig unterstützt, jedoch nicht unbedingt Voraussetzung ist.As already mentioned, the immersion bath solution acts on the lubricant layer firmly adhering to the surfaces of the
Im Gegensatz zum Trockenverfahren ist es mit dem sogenannten Naßverfahren möglich, die zu reinigenden Güter derart von der Schmiermittelschicht zu befreien, daß sowohl Fett- und Ölrückstände auf den Oberflächen der Güter als auch jegliche Festkörperpartikel ohne zusätzliche Nachreinigungsschritte mechanischer Art entfernt werden können.In contrast to the dry process, it is possible with the so-called wet process to free the goods to be cleaned from the lubricant layer in such a way that grease and oil residues on the surfaces of the goods as well as any solid particles can be removed without additional mechanical cleaning steps.
Die zu reinigenden Güter 1 werden auf jeweils einen Chargenträger 2 angebracht, der in die Prozeßkammer 5, die zumindest einseitig zu öffnen ist, eingeführt wird. Nach dem Schließen der Kammertür wird über eine Absaugleitung 12, durch eine Vorpumpe und eine nachgeschaltete Roots-Pumpe ein Unterdruck erzeugt, der weniger als 10 hPa beträgt. In die Absaugleitung 12 sind zudem gekühlte Kondensatoren 6, 6', 6'' vorgesehen, die vorhandene Fett- und Öldämpfe aus der Absaugleitung 12 entziehen. Über ein Hochdruckdüsensystem, das durch eine Sprüh-Druckleitung 11 mit einem der Schmiermittelart eigenen oder ähnlichen Lösungsmittel versorgt wird, werden die zu reinigenden Güter mit dem Lösungsmittel, das vorteilhafterweise über einen etwas höheren Dampfdruck verfügt als die im Schmiermittel enthaltenen Fette und Öle, oberflächig beaufschlagt. Das mit Schmiermittel verschmutzte Lösungsmittel wird über ein Filtersystem, das sich am tiefsten Punkt der Prozeßkammer 5 anschließt, zu einen Verdampfer 14 gepumpt, der das mit Schmiermittel versetzte Lösungsmittel eindickt. Der mit einem Heizer durchsetzte Verdampfer 14 wandelt dabei die leichter siedenden Fette bzw. Öle in ihren dampfförmigen Aggregatzustand um. Anschließend werden sie über eine Dampfdruckleitung 13 in die Vakuumkammer an die zu reinigenden Teile zurückgeführt, an denen ein Großteil kondensiert und die Oberflächen lokal aufheizt.The
Erfindungsgemäß wurde erkannt, daß durch die lokale Erwärmung der Oberfläche der zu reinigenden Güter aufgrund der dabei entstehenden Kondensationswärme die Reste der Schmiermittelschicht, also auch die makroskopischen Festkörperpartikel, von der Oberfläche ablösbar sind.According to the invention, it has been recognized that the local heating of the surface of the goods to be cleaned, due to the heat of condensation that arises, removes the residues of the lubricant layer, that is to say also the macroscopic solid particles, from the surface.
Das von den Gütern ablaufende Kondensat durchläuft dabei das bereits erwähnte Filtersystem mit den nachgeschalteten Kondensatoren 6, wobei das mit Schmiermittel und Festkörperpartikel versetzte Lösungsmittel eingedickt wird. Während der eingedickte Rest der Entsorgung zugeführt wird, werden die im Kreislauf verdampfbaren Anteile an Fetten und Ölen durch eine nachgeschaltete Kombination aus Heizer 14' und dazwischengeschaltete Kondensatoren 6 extrahiert. Das dabei gewonnene Kondensat wird für den Beginn eines neuen Reinigungsprozesses wiederverwendet.The condensate draining from the goods passes through the already mentioned filter system with the
Nach Abschalten der Dampfzufuhr wird die Vakuumkammer weiter evakuiert, die restlichen Lösungsmitteldämpfe abgepumpt und somit die zu reinigenden Bauteile getrocknet. Danach wird die Vakuumkammer belüftet und steht nach der Entnahme der gereinigten Teile für einen neuen Reinigungsprozeß zur Verfügung.After switching off the steam supply, the vacuum chamber is evacuated further, the remaining solvent vapors are pumped out and thus the components to be cleaned dried. The vacuum chamber is then vented and is available for a new cleaning process after the cleaned parts have been removed.
Die mit diesem Naßverfahren gereinigten Güter weisen fett- und schmutz freie Oberflächen auf, und können direkt einer Weiterbearbeitung zugeführt werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Naßverfahren weist keine der Atmosphäre ausgesetzten Badflächen auf und stellt daher auch keine noch so geringe Belastung für die Umwelt mit schädlichen Dämpfen dar. Es handelt sich hier insbesondere um einen geschlossenen Kreislauf, der derart optimiert ist, daß der anfallende Abfall möglichst minimiert wird und der Eintrag an Lösungsmitteln für den Reinigungsprozeß möglichst selbsterhaltend durch den Zugewinn neuer Lösungsmittel aus den Schmiermittel schichten selbst gewonnen wird.The goods cleaned with this wet process have grease and dirt-free surfaces and can be directly processed. The wet process according to the invention does not have any bath surfaces exposed to the atmosphere and therefore does not represent any pollution of the environment with harmful vapors. It is in particular a closed circuit which is optimized in such a way that the waste generated is minimized and the entry of solvents for the cleaning process is self-sustaining by gaining new solvents from the lubricant layers themselves.
- 11
- zu reinigende Gütergoods to be cleaned
- 22nd
- ChargenträgerBatch carriers
- 55
- Warmwandrezipient oder ProzeßkammerWarm wall recipient or process chamber
- 6;6',...6; 6 ', ...
- Kondensatorcapacitor
- 77
- RootspumpeRoot pump
- 88th
- VorpumpeBacking pump
- 99
- Stickstoff-FlutventilNitrogen flood valve
- 1010th
- DickstoffpumpeSlurry pump
- 1111
- Sprüh-DruckleitungSpray pressure line
- 1212th
- AbsaugleitungSuction line
- 1313
- Dampf-DruckleitungSteam pressure line
- 14,14'14.14 '
- Verdampfer, HeizerEvaporator, heater
Claims (1)
- Method of gently degreasing and cleaning a product polluted with grease- and/or oil-containing substances, characterized by the combination of the following features:- the metal components, granulates, sands or dusts (1) to be cleaned are inserted into a vacuum chamber (5),- in a first cleaning step, the greases and/or oils clinging to the product (1) to be cleaned are acted upon by a solvent, of similar consistency, of an identicaltype, highly volatile fraction of the lubricant, preferably however paraffin oil and/or kerosene, and the mixture of solvent and dissolved greases and/or oils which forms is supplied to an evaporator (14),- in a second cleaning step, the vapour which forms at the evaporator (14) is fed through a vapour pressure line (13) to the product (1), at the surface of which the vapour condenses and while forming a condensate removes the residual pollution,- in a third cleaning step, the vapour is fed into a condenser (6), the recovered condensate of which is resupplied as a solvent to the cleaning process, and- in a fourth cleaning step, the vacuum chamber (5) is further evacuated in such a way that residual solvent vapours are completely removed through an extraction line (12) and recycled by means of heated condensers (6', 6") connected in each case downstream of the vacuum pumps (7, 8).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4136990 | 1991-11-11 | ||
| DE4136990A DE4136990C2 (en) | 1991-11-11 | 1991-11-11 | Process for degreasing and cleaning goods with greasy and / or oily substances |
| EP19920107605 EP0541892A3 (en) | 1991-11-11 | 1992-05-06 | Process of de-oiling and cleaning material covered with greasy and/or oily substances |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92107605.5 Division | 1992-05-06 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0639658A2 EP0639658A2 (en) | 1995-02-22 |
| EP0639658A3 EP0639658A3 (en) | 1995-04-19 |
| EP0639658B1 true EP0639658B1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
Family
ID=6444493
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19920107605 Ceased EP0541892A3 (en) | 1991-11-11 | 1992-05-06 | Process of de-oiling and cleaning material covered with greasy and/or oily substances |
| EP94117579A Expired - Lifetime EP0639658B1 (en) | 1991-11-11 | 1992-05-06 | Process for degreasing and cleaning material covered with greasy and/or oily substances |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19920107605 Ceased EP0541892A3 (en) | 1991-11-11 | 1992-05-06 | Process of de-oiling and cleaning material covered with greasy and/or oily substances |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP0541892A3 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4136990C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0629717B1 (en) * | 1993-06-09 | 1998-01-28 | ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH | Apparatus and process for cleaning, particularly degreasing, electrically conducting materials |
| US5544194A (en) * | 1993-06-09 | 1996-08-06 | Leybold Durferrit Gmbh | Apparatus for degreasing electrically conductive material |
| DE4319166C2 (en) * | 1993-06-09 | 2002-02-14 | Ald Vacuum Techn Ag | Process and device for cleaning, in particular degreasing and compacting of electrically conductive material |
| DE4418562A1 (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1995-01-12 | Leybold Durferrit Gmbh | Method and device for treating material consisting essentially of plastic or rubber |
| GB2280451B (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1998-01-28 | Leybold Durferrit Gmbh | Process for embrittling and crushing of plastics/rubber |
| DE4324432C2 (en) * | 1993-07-21 | 1996-04-25 | Multimatic Oberflaechentechnik | Process for cleaning dirty parts |
| GB9322160D0 (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1993-12-15 | Rolls Royce Plc | Improvements in or relating to electron beam welding |
| GB9325925D0 (en) * | 1993-12-18 | 1994-02-23 | Consarc Eng | De-oiling method |
| DE4411677C1 (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 1995-10-26 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Process for removing organic materials from engine components |
| DE4415093A1 (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1995-11-02 | Leybold Durferrit Gmbh | Processing hollow bodies contg. hydrocarbon(s) |
| DE4415094B4 (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 2006-05-11 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Ag | Method and device for treating workpieces by particle blasting |
| DE19522066C1 (en) * | 1995-06-17 | 1996-11-14 | Ald Vacuum Techn Gmbh | Process for cleaning oil-soaked components |
| DE19601436A1 (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1997-07-24 | Siegfried Dr Ing Straemke | Method and device for the surface treatment of workpieces |
| DE19681308D2 (en) * | 1996-02-22 | 1999-04-08 | Thermo Lignum Maschinen Vertri | Process for detoxifying objects, internals, rooms or buildings |
| FI964611A (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 1998-05-19 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Oil-treated steel article and use of oil to remove stains from the surface of the steel article |
| DE19939032A1 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-10-05 | Wolf Gmbh | Process and plant for surface treatment of parts with a solvent |
| DE10027998A1 (en) * | 2000-06-08 | 2001-12-13 | Utec Luftreinigung & Waermerue | Process for cleaning precious metal filings contaminated with cooling lubricants comprises heating the filings at elevated temperature with vaporization of the materials |
| DE10131554C1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2002-09-12 | Ald Vacuum Techn Ag | Device for degreasing metallic material, especially light metal chips produced during the processing of die cast parts, comprises a process chamber with a vacuum pump, capacitors |
| PT1513626E (en) | 2002-06-17 | 2008-02-28 | Maskinfabrikken Fornax As | Machine and method for thermal cleaning and separation of metal parts |
| EP1528080A1 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2005-05-04 | Wiessner GmbH | Process and apparatus for the removal of an undesired compound from a product obtained in a process |
| DE202014100580U1 (en) * | 2014-02-10 | 2014-03-03 | Karl Morgenbesser | Apparatus for condensate discharge from saturated steam systems, which are under vacuum |
Family Cites Families (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE347425C (en) * | 1920-04-09 | 1922-01-20 | Fritz Neumeyer A G | Process for cleaning and degreasing metal parts using organic solvents |
| DE704223C (en) * | 1932-01-10 | 1941-03-26 | Metallpulver A G | Process and device for the production of low-fat or fat-free, fine aluminum powder |
| GB516218A (en) * | 1937-04-16 | 1939-12-28 | Bennett Hyde Ltd | Improvements in process of degreasing metal or metal parts |
| GB1135181A (en) * | 1964-09-18 | 1968-12-04 | Ian Frederick Eyles | Improvements in or relating to de-greasing of articles |
| GB1226755A (en) * | 1967-06-07 | 1971-03-31 | ||
| DE2027003A1 (en) * | 1970-06-02 | 1971-12-09 | F.W. Means & Co., Chicago, 111. (V.StA.) | Dry cleaning using petroleum mineral oil - as cleaning medium |
| SE365753B (en) * | 1972-01-04 | 1974-04-01 | Tri Innovations Ab | |
| DE2410355A1 (en) * | 1974-03-05 | 1975-09-25 | Steimel Geb Maschf | Totally enclosed degreasing plant for metal parts - using medium boiling at ambient temp., pref. monofluoro-trichloromethane |
| CH612367A5 (en) * | 1976-09-15 | 1979-07-31 | Inventa Ag | Method for cleansing not readily cleanable apparatus sections of organic residues |
| US4141373A (en) * | 1977-09-28 | 1979-02-27 | Rjr Archer, Inc. | Method for deoiling metal scrap |
| JPS54118358A (en) * | 1978-03-07 | 1979-09-13 | Toyo Radiator Kk | Production of aluminum heat exchanger |
| US4220480A (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1980-09-02 | Beringer Co., Inc. | Process for vacuum pyrolysis removal of polymers from various objects |
| GB2100746A (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-01-06 | Ashdown Ind Services Limited | Degreasing composition |
| DE3223011A1 (en) * | 1981-12-01 | 1983-07-14 | Thyssen Industrie Ag, 4300 Essen | METHOD AND PLANT FOR CLEANING WITH FATTY SUBSTANCES, ESPECIALLY OIL, DIRTED ROLLER TUNER AND FOR RECOVERING PETROLEUM FROM OIL-CONTAINING MINERALS |
| DE3300666C3 (en) * | 1982-01-26 | 1998-04-09 | Guido Zucchini | Washing process for metal-containing and non-metal-containing parts such as small parts, mechanical components and parts for the electronic industry and a machine for carrying out this process |
| DE8404415U1 (en) * | 1984-02-15 | 1984-05-17 | Seiffert, Hubert, 3418 Uslar | SPARK PLUG CLEANING TOOL |
| DE3426242C1 (en) * | 1984-07-17 | 1985-11-07 | Schlick roto-jet Maschinenbau GmbH, 4439 Metelen | Process and retort for the removal of smearable, adherent coatings from metal part surfaces |
| JPS6291282A (en) * | 1985-10-17 | 1987-04-25 | 株式会社白洋産業 | Organic solvent washer |
| DE3544240A1 (en) * | 1985-12-14 | 1987-06-19 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Method for processing fragmented wastes contaminated with fats or oils |
| BE1001027A3 (en) * | 1987-10-21 | 1989-06-13 | Bekaert Sa Nv | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CLEANING an elongated metal substrate such as a wire, A BAND, A CORD, ETC., AND ACCORDING TO THAT METHOD AND CLEANED SUBSTRATES WITH SUCH substrates ENHANCED OBJECTS OF POLYMER MATERIAL. |
| DE3738006A1 (en) * | 1987-11-09 | 1989-05-18 | Wolfgang Speck | Process for cleaning contaminated parts and device for carrying out the process |
| DE3823322A1 (en) * | 1988-07-09 | 1990-01-11 | Carl Dittmann Gmbh & Co Kg | Process for cleaning and degreasing of material to be treated with solvents |
| US5051135A (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1991-09-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Tiyoda Seisakusho | Cleaning method using a solvent while preventing discharge of solvent vapors to the environment |
| US4931104A (en) * | 1989-06-05 | 1990-06-05 | Eaton Corporation | Process for cleaning porous parts |
| JP2721704B2 (en) * | 1989-06-26 | 1998-03-04 | 株式会社千代田製作所 | Cleaning equipment using organic solvents |
| US5016809A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-05-21 | Ford Motor Company | Thermal degreasing in reactive atmospheres and subsequent brazing of aluminum-based sheets or parts |
| JPH0611435B2 (en) * | 1989-09-18 | 1994-02-16 | 山崎化学工業株式会社 | Vacuum cleaning device |
| JPH03106485A (en) * | 1989-09-21 | 1991-05-07 | Oogawara Kakoki Kk | Ultrasonic washing and drying method and apparatus |
| JPH0757913B2 (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1995-06-21 | オリエンタルエンヂニアリング株式会社 | Degreasing and cleaning method and device |
| JP3044381B2 (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 2000-05-22 | 日本石油化学株式会社 | Article cleaning method and apparatus |
| US5045117A (en) * | 1990-09-18 | 1991-09-03 | Rockwell International Corporation | System for removing flux residues from printed wiring assemblies |
| US5240507A (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 1993-08-31 | Gray Donald J | Cleaning method and system |
-
1991
- 1991-11-11 DE DE4136990A patent/DE4136990C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-05-06 DE DE59208210T patent/DE59208210D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-05-06 EP EP19920107605 patent/EP0541892A3/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-05-06 EP EP94117579A patent/EP0639658B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59208210D1 (en) | 1997-04-17 |
| EP0541892A3 (en) | 1993-06-16 |
| EP0639658A3 (en) | 1995-04-19 |
| DE4136990A1 (en) | 1993-05-13 |
| EP0541892A2 (en) | 1993-05-19 |
| DE4136990C2 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
| EP0639658A2 (en) | 1995-02-22 |
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