EP0637056A1 - High pressure discharge lamp - Google Patents
High pressure discharge lamp Download PDFInfo
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- EP0637056A1 EP0637056A1 EP94111177A EP94111177A EP0637056A1 EP 0637056 A1 EP0637056 A1 EP 0637056A1 EP 94111177 A EP94111177 A EP 94111177A EP 94111177 A EP94111177 A EP 94111177A EP 0637056 A1 EP0637056 A1 EP 0637056A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- getter
- discharge lamp
- pressure discharge
- lamp according
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical class [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- -1 scandium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JEEHQNXCPARQJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylidynetungsten Chemical class [W]#B JEEHQNXCPARQJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- BSPSZRDIBCCYNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynetin Chemical class [Sn]#P BSPSZRDIBCCYNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003658 tungsten compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 11
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- YMEKEHSRPZAOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron triiodide Chemical compound IB(I)I YMEKEHSRPZAOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CECABOMBVQNBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium iodide Chemical compound I[Al](I)I CECABOMBVQNBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- DZKDPOPGYFUOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[W]=O DZKDPOPGYFUOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WZSUOQDIYKMPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon krypton Chemical compound [Ar].[Kr] WZSUOQDIYKMPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- PZHNNJXWQYFUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus triiodide Chemical compound IP(I)I PZHNNJXWQYFUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CMJCEVKJYRZMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M thallium(i) iodide Chemical compound [Tl]I CMJCEVKJYRZMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JTDNNCYXCFHBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) iodide Chemical compound I[Sn]I JTDNNCYXCFHBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RMUKCGUDVKEQPL-UHFFFAOYSA-K triiodoindigane Chemical compound I[In](I)I RMUKCGUDVKEQPL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VIZQREHVDDPWOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N IP(I)(I)=O Chemical compound IP(I)(I)=O VIZQREHVDDPWOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YXXQTQYRRHHWFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diiodophosphanyl(diiodo)phosphane Chemical compound IP(I)P(I)I YXXQTQYRRHHWFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZSUXOVNWDZTCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Sn]Br ZSUXOVNWDZTCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J7/00—Details not provided for in the preceding groups and common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J7/14—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01J7/18—Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering
- H01J7/183—Composition or manufacture of getters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/24—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01J61/26—Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering; Means for preventing blackening of the envelope
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
- H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps
Definitions
- the invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- Electrode corrosion significantly shortens the lifespan of halogen-containing lamps. It occurs when there is free halogen on the electrodes in the operating state at an electrode temperature at which the halogen of the wholly or partially dissociated metal halide filling component can react with the electrode material.
- Residual oxygen which, for example, comes into the discharge vessel in the form of water as an impurity in the filling gases and the discharge vessel material or in the form of OH groups in the quartz glass, is crucially responsible for this harmful cycle. Higher oxygen concentrations accelerate electrode corrosion considerably.
- the electrode material which is usually tungsten or thoriated tungsten
- the electrode material which is usually tungsten or thoriated tungsten
- the vaporous tungsten halide or tungsten oxyhalide is dissociated again in the discharge, the tungsten being released being deposited at the hot points of the electrode, at the electrode tip.
- This process can take up lead to the electrodes breaking off at the point thinned by corrosion and thus to failure of the lamp.
- This reaction scheme taking place in the case of electrode corrosion can be explained on the basis of the schematic illustration in FIG. 2.
- the residual oxygen (O2) first forms tungsten dioxide (WO2), which reacts with the halogen (X2) to form tungsten oxyhalide (WO2X2).
- the tungsten oxyhalide compound dissociates in the discharge, whereby the tungsten deposits on the hot spots of the electrodes, while the oxygen (O2) and the halogen (X2) on the cooler electrode parts, where the tungsten removal takes place, for further cycles with the electrode material (W. ) be available.
- Metal halide high-pressure discharge lamps are particularly affected by electrode corrosion, the metal halide filler additive predominantly containing sodium and tin halide, and UV lamps, the metal halide filler additive primarily containing mercury halides, iron and / or nickel halides.
- the getter according to the invention binds the residual oxygen introduced into the discharge vessel by impurities in the filling substances. As a result, the oxygen is no longer available for the harmful cycle shown in FIG. 2, i.e. the accelerated, catalytic effect of the oxygen on the chemical reaction of the halogens with the electrode material is eliminated. In this way, the halogen attack on the electrodes and thus the electrode corrosion are suppressed.
- the getter substances are advantageously the chemical elements boron, phosphorus, aluminum, scandium or the rare earth metals and their halides, preferably iodides bromides or chlorides, and the tungsten-boron compounds WB and W2B and the tin-phosphorus compounds SnP, SnP3, Sn4P3 used. These getter substances bind the residual oxygen in the discharge vessel and, given the low dosage given below, do not influence the color locus of the lamp or damage the quartz glass wall of the discharge vessel.
- the dosage of the getter substances in the high-pressure discharge lamps according to the invention is selected such that the proportion by weight of the active getter element (e.g.
- boron, phosphorus and aluminum contained in the getter compounds mentioned above, based on the total weight of the metal halide filler additives used to generate light or radiation in the discharge lamp , is about 0.05 to 1 weight percent, and preferably 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent.
- the dosage of the getter substances in the discharge vessel for the elements boron, phosphorus and aluminum is about 0.05 to about 1 percent by weight and for their halides about 0.1 to 6 percent by weight.
- the dosage is chosen such that the boron or phosphorus fraction is approximately 0.05 to 1 percent by weight.
- the dosage is approximately 0.05 to 0.5 percent by weight and for their halides approximately 0.1 to 6 percent by weight.
- All data in percent by weight relate to the metal halide fill additives of the discharge lamp used to generate light or radiation.
- getter With smaller amounts of getter, the usually free residual oxygen can no longer be completely bound, while a larger amount of getter than specified here can lead to blackening of the discharge vessel wall or to an influence on the emission spectrum of the lamp. If the getter content is too high, the halogen circuit which keeps the discharge vessel wall clean is also impaired.
- the amount of getter introduced is so small that the getter substances have no influence on the emission spectrum and the color locus of the metal halide lamp according to the invention.
- This aspect is particularly important when halides of rare earth metals, which are well known as light or radiation emitting fill components, are used as getter substances for binding the free oxygen.
- the addition of the getter can advantageously be carried out together with that of the light or.
- the first five exemplary embodiments of the invention are each a 70W metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp which generates a warm white light color.
- the ionizable, light-emitting filling of this lamp consists of 125 mbar argon-krypton noble gas mixture, 14.2 mg mercury and 1.4 mg metal halide filler additives.
- the metal halide fill contains 33.51 percent by weight sodium iodide (NaI), 34.96 percent by weight tin bromide (SnBr2), 23.3 percent by weight tin iodide (SnI2), 7.8 percent by weight thallium iodide (TlI) and 0.43 percent by weight indium iodide (InI).
- the getter substance is introduced into the discharge vessel together with the metal halide fill additives in the form of a solid dosage.
- the exemplary embodiments one to five differ only in the type or the amount of the getter introduced.
- the first embodiment has about 0.4 weight percent phosphorus iodide (PI3) as an oxygen-binding getter substance, while about 2.0 weight percent phosphorus iodide (PI3) are added to the second embodiment.
- the getter amount refers to the amount of metal halide fill additives used to emit light.
- boron iodide (BI3) and in the fourth embodiment, about 5.0 percent by weight of boron iodide (BI3) are filled into the discharge vessel as oxygen getters.
- the fifth embodiment contains about 0.4 weight percent aluminum iodide (AlI3) as the getter substance.
- the exemplary embodiments six to eight are each a double-sided squeezed 150W metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp which emits light of a white color.
- the structure of such a lamp is shown schematically in FIG. 1.
- the filling of these lamps consists of 2.8 mg metal halide, which is preferably filled into the discharge vessel as a solid dosage.
- the metal halide filling contains 41.93 percent by weight tin iodide (SnI2), 25.32 percent by weight sodium iodide (NaI), 17.41 percent by weight sodium bromide (NaBr), 12.66 percent by weight thallium iodide (TlI), 1.34 percent by weight indium iodide (InI) and 1. 34 percent by weight (LiBr).
- SnI2 tin iodide
- NaI sodium iodide
- NaBr 17.41 percent by weight sodium bromide
- TlI thallium iodide
- InI indium iodide
- LiBr 1. 34 percent by weight
- phosphoric iodide PI3
- the metal halide filling of the seventh embodiment is admixed with about 1.8 percent by weight of boron iodide (BI3) as a getter.
- BI3 boron iodide
- the eighth embodiment contains about 0.4 weight percent aluminum iodide (AlI3).
- the tin-phosphorus compound SnP is used as the getter.
- the dosage here is 2.16 percent by weight of SnP the total weight of the metal halide filling components. This corresponds to a phosphorus content of approximately 0.5 percent by weight.
- the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments explained in more detail above. So instead of the iodides of aluminum, boron and phosphorus, their bromides or chlorides can also be used. Scandium halide or halides, in particular iodides, bromides and chlorides, of the rare earth metals are also suitable as getter substances. It is also possible to use the substances aluminum, phosphorus, boron, scandium and the rare earth metals in elemental form instead of the getter compounds mentioned above. The rare earth metals or rare earth halides and scandium or scandium halide used as getters are used in such small doses that the getter substances have no appreciable influence on the emission spectrum, in particular the color temperature, of the lamp. Successful experiments were also carried out with the tungsten-boron compounds WB and W2B as oxygen getters.
- the getter substances mentioned above can advantageously also be used in metal halide lamps which emit primarily in the UV range.
- the ionizable filling of these UV lamps contains metal halide additives, which mainly consist of halides (iodides and bromides) of the metals mercury, iron or nickel.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hochdruckentladungslampe gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Insbesondere handelt es sich um Halogenmetalldampfhochdruckentladungslampen mit einer ionisierbaren, der Lichterzeugung dienenden Füllung, deren Halogenidkomponente Halogenide der Metalle Natrium und Zinn enthält, und um Halogenmetalldampfhochdruckentladungslampen für medizinische oder technische Anwendungen, die vornehmlich im ultravioletten Spektralbereich emittieren und deren ionisierbare, der Strahlungserzeugung dienende Füllung ein oder mehrere Halogenide der Metalle Quecksilber, Eisen oder / und Nickel aufweist.In particular, these are high-pressure metal halide discharge lamps with an ionizable filling which serves to generate light, the halide component of which contains halides of the metals sodium and tin, and high-pressure metal halide discharge lamps for medical or technical applications which emit primarily in the ultraviolet spectral range and their ionizable radiation generation or serving has several halides of the metals mercury, iron and / or nickel.
Bei diesen Lampen mit halogenhaltiger Füllung läuft neben dem bekannten Halogenkreislauf, der die Entladungsgefäßwand vor einer Schwärzung bewahrt, ein weiterer, schädlicher Kreisprozeß ab, an dem das Elektrodenmaterial beteiligt ist und der zu einem schwerwiegenden Qualitätsproblem, nämlich der Elektrodenkorrosion, führt. Die Elektrodenkorrosion verkürzt die Lebensdauer der Halogen enthaltenden Lampen erheblich. Sie tritt auf wenn im Betriebszustand freies Halogen an den Elektroden bei einer Elektrodentemperatur existiert, bei der das Halogen der ganz oder teilweise dissoziierten Metallhalogenidfüllungskomponente mit dem Elektrodenmaterial reagieren kann. Restsauerstoff, der zum Beispiel in Form von Wasser als Verunreinigung der Füllgase und des Entladungsgefäßmaterials oder in Gestalt von OH-Gruppen im Quarzglas in das Entladungsgefäß gelangt, ist entscheidend für diesem schädlichen Kreislauf verantwortlich. Höhere Sauerstoffkonzentrationen beschleunigen die Elektrodenkorrosion in erheblichem Maße.In the case of these lamps with a halogen-containing filling, in addition to the known halogen circuit, which protects the discharge vessel wall from blackening, a further, harmful cyclical process takes place, in which the electrode material is involved and which leads to a serious quality problem, namely electrode corrosion. Electrode corrosion significantly shortens the lifespan of halogen-containing lamps. It occurs when there is free halogen on the electrodes in the operating state at an electrode temperature at which the halogen of the wholly or partially dissociated metal halide filling component can react with the electrode material. Residual oxygen, which, for example, comes into the discharge vessel in the form of water as an impurity in the filling gases and the discharge vessel material or in the form of OH groups in the quartz glass, is crucially responsible for this harmful cycle. Higher oxygen concentrations accelerate electrode corrosion considerably.
Unter solchen Bedingungen wird das Elektrodenmaterial, das ist in der Regel Wolfram oder thoriertes Wolfram, als Halogenid von der kältesten Stelle der Elektroden abgetragen. Das dampfförmige Wolframhalogenid bzw. Wolframoxihalogenid wird in der Entladung wieder dissoziiert, wobei sich das freiwerdende Wolfram an den heißen Stellen der Elektrode, an der Elektrodenspitze, abscheidet. Dieser Prozeß kann bis zum Abbrechen der Elektroden an der durch Korrosion verdünnten Stelle und damit zum Ausfall der Lampe führen. Dieses bei der Elektrodenkorrosion ablaufende Reaktionsschema kann anhand der schematischen Darstellung in der Figur 2 erläutert werden.Under such conditions, the electrode material, which is usually tungsten or thoriated tungsten, is removed as a halide from the coldest point of the electrodes. The vaporous tungsten halide or tungsten oxyhalide is dissociated again in the discharge, the tungsten being released being deposited at the hot points of the electrode, at the electrode tip. This process can take up lead to the electrodes breaking off at the point thinned by corrosion and thus to failure of the lamp. This reaction scheme taking place in the case of electrode corrosion can be explained on the basis of the schematic illustration in FIG. 2.
Der Restsauerstoff (O₂) bildet zunächst Wolframdioxid (WO₂), das mit dem Halogen (X₂) zu Wolframoxihalogenid (WO₂X₂) reagiert. Die Wolframoxihalogenidverbindung dissoziiert in der Entladung, wobei sich das Wolfrann an den heißen Stellen der Elektroden ablagert, während der Sauerstoff (O₂) und das Halogen (X₂) an den kühleren Elektrodenteilen, an denen die Wolframabtragung erfolgt, für weitere Kreisläufe mit dem Elektrodenmaterial (W) zur Verfügung stehen.The residual oxygen (O₂) first forms tungsten dioxide (WO₂), which reacts with the halogen (X₂) to form tungsten oxyhalide (WO₂X₂). The tungsten oxyhalide compound dissociates in the discharge, whereby the tungsten deposits on the hot spots of the electrodes, while the oxygen (O₂) and the halogen (X₂) on the cooler electrode parts, where the tungsten removal takes place, for further cycles with the electrode material (W. ) be available.
Im besonderen Maße sind Halogenmetalldampf-Hochdruckentladunslampen von der Elektrodenkorrosion betroffen, deren Metallhalogenidfüllungszusatz überwiegend Natrium- und Zinnhalogenid enthält, sowie UV-Strahler, deren Metallhalogenidfüllungszusatz vornehmlich Quecksilberhalogenide, Eisen- oder / und Nickelhalogenide aufweist.Metal halide high-pressure discharge lamps are particularly affected by electrode corrosion, the metal halide filler additive predominantly containing sodium and tin halide, and UV lamps, the metal halide filler additive primarily containing mercury halides, iron and / or nickel halides.
Bisher wurde das Problem der Elektrodenkorrosion dadurch gelöst, daß der ionisierbaren Füllung der Halogenmetalldampflampen ein Metallüberschuß zugegeben wurde, der freies Halogen bindet und so die Teilnahme des Elektrodenmaterials am Halogenkreislauf stark einschränkte. So lassen sich beispielsweise bei einem atomaren Metall / Halogen-Verhältnis von größer oder gleich 1,5 Lampenlebensdauem von mehr als 6000 Betriebsstunden erreichen, wie z.B. im Aufsatz "Elektrodenentwicklung für kleine Halogen-Metalldampflampen" des Autors D.C. Fromm, veröffentlicht in den Technisch-wissenschaftlichen Abhandlungen der OSRAM-Gesellschaft Band 12, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo 1986 auf den Seiten 65-72, offenbart ist.So far, the problem of electrode corrosion has been solved by adding an excess of metal to the ionizable filling of the metal halide lamps, which binds free halogen and thus greatly restricted the participation of the electrode material in the halogen cycle. For example, with an atomic metal / halogen ratio greater than or equal to 1.5 lamp lifetimes of more than 6000 operating hours, e.g. in the article "Electrode development for small metal halide lamps" by the author D.C. Fromm, published in the Technical-Scientific Treatises of OSRAM Society
In der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 092 221 ist eine dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 entsprechende Halogenmetalldampflampe beschrieben. Die ionisierbare Füllung dieser Lampe besitzt zur Verhinderung der Elektrodenkorrosion einen metallischen Zinnüberschuß. Zusätzlich werden die Elektroden an den kühleren Stellen im Einschmelzungsbereich, die besonders durch die Elektrodenkorrosion betroffen sind, durch eine den Elektrodenschaft umgebende Wendel geschützt.In the European patent EP 0 092 221, a metal halide lamp corresponding to the preamble of claim 1 is described. The ionizable filling of this lamp has an excess of metallic tin to prevent electrode corrosion. In addition, the electrodes at the cooler points in the melting area, which are particularly affected by electrode corrosion, are protected by a helix surrounding the electrode shaft.
Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine elektrische Lampe, bei der die Elektrodenkorrosion, bedingt durch den Halogenangriff auf die Elektroden, auf möglichst kostengünstige Weise unterdrückt wird.It is the object of the invention to provide an electric lamp in which the electrode corrosion caused by the halogen attack on the electrodes is suppressed in the most cost-effective manner possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1. Particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.
Der erfindungsgemäße Getter bindet den durch Verunreinigungen der Füllsubstanzen in das Entladungsgefäß eingebrachten Restsauerstoff. Dadurch steht der Sauerstoff für den in Figur 2 dargestellten schädlichen Kreisprozeß nicht mehr zur Verfügung, d.h., die beschleunigte, katalytische Wirkung des Sauerstoffs auf die chemische Reaktion der Halogene mit dem Elektrodenmaterial entfällt. Auf diese Weise werden der Halogenangriff auf die Elektroden und damit die Elektrodenkorrosion unterdrückt.The getter according to the invention binds the residual oxygen introduced into the discharge vessel by impurities in the filling substances. As a result, the oxygen is no longer available for the harmful cycle shown in FIG. 2, i.e. the accelerated, catalytic effect of the oxygen on the chemical reaction of the halogens with the electrode material is eliminated. In this way, the halogen attack on the electrodes and thus the electrode corrosion are suppressed.
Ein Metallüberschuß in der ionisierbaren Füllung zur Bindung des freien Halogens, wie im oben zitierten Aufsatz "Elektrodenentwicklung für kleine Halogen-Metalldampflampen" offenbart oder eine Schutzwendel für den Elektrodenschaft, wie in der EP 0 092 221 B1 beschrieben, werden bei den erfindungsgemäßen Halogenmetalldampflampen nicht benötigt, so daß sich hier erhebliche Kosteneinsparungen ergeben.An excess of metal in the ionizable filling for binding the free halogen, as disclosed in the article "Electrode development for small metal halide lamps" cited above, or a protective coil for the electrode shaft, as described in EP 0 092 221 B1, are not required in the metal halide lamps according to the invention , so that there are considerable cost savings.
Als Gettersubstanzen werden vorteilhafterweise die chemischen Elemente Bor, Phosphor, Aluminium, Scandium oder die Seltenen-Erdmetalle sowie deren Halogenide, vorzugsweise Jodide Bromide oder Cloride, und die Wolfram-Bor-Verbindungen WB und W₂B sowie die Zinn-Phosphor-Verbindungen SnP, SnP₃, Sn₄P₃ verwendet. Diese Gettersubstanzen binden den Restsauerstoff im Entladungsgefäß und führen bei der geringen, unten angegebenen Dosierung, nicht zu einer Beeinflußung des Farbortes der Lampe oder zu einer Schädigung der Quarzglaswandung des Entladungsgefässes. Die Dosierung der Gettersubstanzen in den erfindungsgemäßen Hochdruckentladungslampen ist derart gewählt, daß der Gewichtsanteil des in den obengenannten Getterverbindungen enthaltenen aktiven Getterelementes (z. B. Bor, Phosphor und Aluminium), bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der der Licht- oder Strahlungserzeugung dienenden Metallhalogenidfüllungszusätze in der Entladungslampe, ca. 0,05 bis 1 Gewichtsprozent und vorzugsweise 0,05 bis 0,5 Gewichtsprozent beträgt.The getter substances are advantageously the chemical elements boron, phosphorus, aluminum, scandium or the rare earth metals and their halides, preferably iodides bromides or chlorides, and the tungsten-boron compounds WB and W₂B and the tin-phosphorus compounds SnP, SnP₃, Sn₄P₃ used. These getter substances bind the residual oxygen in the discharge vessel and, given the low dosage given below, do not influence the color locus of the lamp or damage the quartz glass wall of the discharge vessel. The dosage of the getter substances in the high-pressure discharge lamps according to the invention is selected such that the proportion by weight of the active getter element (e.g. boron, phosphorus and aluminum) contained in the getter compounds mentioned above, based on the total weight of the metal halide filler additives used to generate light or radiation in the discharge lamp , is about 0.05 to 1 weight percent, and preferably 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent.
Im einzelnen beträgt die Dosierung der Gettersubstanzen im Entladungsgefäß für die Elemente Bor, Phosphor und Aluminium etwa 0,05 bis ca. 1 Gewichtsprozent und für ihre Halogenide ca. 0,1 bis 6 Gewichtsprozent.Specifically, the dosage of the getter substances in the discharge vessel for the elements boron, phosphorus and aluminum is about 0.05 to about 1 percent by weight and for their halides about 0.1 to 6 percent by weight.
Bei den Wolfram-Bor-Verbindungen WB, W₂B und den Zinn-Phosphor-Verbindungen ist die Dosierung derart gewählt, daß der Bor- bzw. Phosphor-Anteil ca. 0,05 bis 1 Gewichtsprozent beträgt.In the case of the tungsten-boron compounds WB, W₂B and the tin-phosphorus compounds, the dosage is chosen such that the boron or phosphorus fraction is approximately 0.05 to 1 percent by weight.
Für Scandium und die Seltenen-Erdmetalle beträgt die Dosierung ca. 0,05 bis 0,5 Gewichtsprozent sowie für deren Halogenide ca. 0,1 bis 6 Gewichtsprozent.For scandium and the rare earth metals, the dosage is approximately 0.05 to 0.5 percent by weight and for their halides approximately 0.1 to 6 percent by weight.
Sämtliche Angaben in Gewichtsprozent beziehen sich auf die der Licht-oder Strahlungserzeugung dienenden Metallhalogenidfüllungszusätze der Entladungslampe.All data in percent by weight relate to the metal halide fill additives of the discharge lamp used to generate light or radiation.
Bei geringeren Gettermengen kann der üblicherweise freie Restsauerstoff nicht mehr vollständig gebunden werden, während eine höhere Gettermenge, als hier angegeben, zu einer Schwärzung der Entladungsgefäßwand oder zu einer Beeinflussung des Emissionsspektrums der Lampe führen kann. Bei einem zu hohen Getteranteil wird auch der Halogenkreislauf, der die Entladungsgefäßwand sauber hält, beeinträchtigt.With smaller amounts of getter, the usually free residual oxygen can no longer be completely bound, while a larger amount of getter than specified here can lead to blackening of the discharge vessel wall or to an influence on the emission spectrum of the lamp. If the getter content is too high, the halogen circuit which keeps the discharge vessel wall clean is also impaired.
Andererseits ist die eingebrachte Gettermenge so gering, daß die Gettersubstanzen keinen Einfluß auf das Emissionsspektrum und den Farbort der erfindungsgemäßen Halogenmetalldampflampe ausüben. Dieser Gesichtspunkt ist insbesondere dann zu beachten, wenn Halogenide der Seltenen-Erdmetalle, die als Licht oder Strahlung emittierende Füllungskomponenten wohlbekannt sind, als Gettersubstanzen zum Binden des freien Sauerstoffs verwendet werden.On the other hand, the amount of getter introduced is so small that the getter substances have no influence on the emission spectrum and the color locus of the metal halide lamp according to the invention. This aspect is particularly important when halides of rare earth metals, which are well known as light or radiation emitting fill components, are used as getter substances for binding the free oxygen.
Die Zugabe des Getters kann vorteilhafterweise gemeinsam mit den der Licht-bzw. Strahlungsemission dienenden Metallhalogenidfüllungszusätzen in Form einer Festkörperdosierung erfolgen.The addition of the getter can advantageously be carried out together with that of the light or. Radiation emission serving metal halide fill additives in the form of a solid dosage.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand mehrerer bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1
- Eine schematische Darstellung des Aufbaus einer erfindungsgemäßen zweiseitig gequetschten Halogenmetalldampflampe
Figur 2- Eine Darstellung des bei der Elektrodenkorrosion unter Beteiligung von Sauerstoff ablaufenden Reaktionsschemas
Figur 1 zeigt den Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen zweiseitig gequetschten Halogenmetalldampflampe. Die Lampe 1 besitzt ein gasdicht
- Figure 1
- A schematic representation of the structure of a metal halide lamp pinched on both sides according to the invention
- Figure 2
- A representation of the reaction scheme that occurs in electrode corrosion with the participation of oxygen
FIG. 1 shows the structure of a metal halide lamp that is pinched on both sides according to the invention. The lamp 1 has a gas-
Alle Ausführungsbeispiele, die im folgenden näher erläutert werden, besitzen den oben geschilderten und in Figur 1 schematisch dargestellten Aufbau.All of the exemplary embodiments which are explained in more detail below have the structure described above and shown schematically in FIG.
Bei den ersten fünf Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung handelt es sich jeweils um eine 70W-Halogen-Metalldampf-Hochdruckentladungslampe, die eine warmweiße Lichtfarbe erzeugt. Die ionisierbare, lichtemittiernde Füllung dieser Lampe besteht aus 125 mbar Argon-Krypton Edelgasgemisch, 14,2 mg Quecksilber und 1,4 mg Metallhalogenidfüllungszusätzen. Die Metallhalogenidfüllung enthält 33,51 Gewichtsprozent Natriumjodid (NaI), 34,96 Gewichtsprozent Zinnbromid (SnBr₂), 23,3 Gewichtsprozent Zinnjodid (SnI₂), 7,8 Gewichtsprozent Thalliumjodid (TlI) und 0,43 Gewichtsprozent Indiumjodid (InI). Bei allen folgenden Ausführungsbeispielen ist die Gettersubstanz gemeinsam mit den Metallhalogenidfüllungszusätzen in Form einer Festkörperdosierung in das Entladungsgefäß eingebracht. Die Ausführungsbeispiele eins bis fünf unterscheiden sich nur durch die Art oder die Menge des eingebrachten Getters.The first five exemplary embodiments of the invention are each a 70W metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp which generates a warm white light color. The ionizable, light-emitting filling of this lamp consists of 125 mbar argon-krypton noble gas mixture, 14.2 mg mercury and 1.4 mg metal halide filler additives. The metal halide fill contains 33.51 percent by weight sodium iodide (NaI), 34.96 percent by weight tin bromide (SnBr₂), 23.3 percent by weight tin iodide (SnI₂), 7.8 percent by weight thallium iodide (TlI) and 0.43 percent by weight indium iodide (InI). In all of the following exemplary embodiments, the getter substance is introduced into the discharge vessel together with the metal halide fill additives in the form of a solid dosage. The exemplary embodiments one to five differ only in the type or the amount of the getter introduced.
Das erste Ausführungsbeispiel besitzt ca. 0,4 Gewichtsprozent Phosphorjodid (PI₃) als Sauerstoff bindende Gettersubstanz, während dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel ungefähr 2,0 Gewichtsprozent Phosphorjodid (PI₃) zugesetzt sind. Die Gettermenge bezieht sich auf die Menge der Metallhalogenidfüllungszusätze, die zur Lichtemission dienen.The first embodiment has about 0.4 weight percent phosphorus iodide (PI₃) as an oxygen-binding getter substance, while about 2.0 weight percent phosphorus iodide (PI₃) are added to the second embodiment. The getter amount refers to the amount of metal halide fill additives used to emit light.
Beim dritten Ausführungsbeispiel werden ca. 1,8 Gewichtsprozent Borjodid (BI₃) und beim vierten Ausführungsbeispiel ca. 5,0 Gewichtsprozent Borjodid (BI₃) als Sauerstoffgetter in das Entladungsgefäß eingefüllt.In the third embodiment, about 1.8 percent by weight of boron iodide (BI₃) and in the fourth embodiment, about 5.0 percent by weight of boron iodide (BI₃) are filled into the discharge vessel as oxygen getters.
Das fünfte Ausführungsbeispiel enthält ca. 0,4 Gewichtsprozent Aluminiumjodid (AlI₃) als Gettersubstanz.The fifth embodiment contains about 0.4 weight percent aluminum iodide (AlI₃) as the getter substance.
Bei den Ausführungsbeispielen sechs bis acht handelt es sich jeweils um eine zweiseitig gequetschte 150W-Halogen-Metalldampf-Hochdruckentladungslampe, die Licht wannweißer Farbe emittiert. Der Aufbau einer derartigen Lampe ist schematisch in der Figur 1 dargestellt.The exemplary embodiments six to eight are each a double-sided squeezed 150W metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp which emits light of a white color. The structure of such a lamp is shown schematically in FIG. 1.
Die Füllung dieser Lampen besteht neben dem obligatorischen Quecksilber und dem Zündgas (Argon-Krypton Edelgasgemisch) aus 2,8 mg Metallhalogenid, das vorzugsweise als Festkörperdosierung in das Entladungsgefäß eingefüllt ist. Die Metallhalogenidfüllung enthält 41,93 Gewichtsprozent Zinnjodid (SnI₂), 25,32 Gewichtsprozent Natriumjodid (NaI), 17,41 Gewichtsprozent Natriumbromid (NaBr), 12,66 Gewichtsprozent Thalliumjodid (TlI), 1,34 Gewichtsprozent Indiumjodid (InI) und 1,34 Gewichtsprozent (LiBr). Die Ausführungsbeispiele sechs bis neun unterscheiden sich lediglich durch die beigemischten Gettersubstanzen.In addition to the obligatory mercury and the ignition gas (argon-krypton noble gas mixture), the filling of these lamps consists of 2.8 mg metal halide, which is preferably filled into the discharge vessel as a solid dosage. The metal halide filling contains 41.93 percent by weight tin iodide (SnI₂), 25.32 percent by weight sodium iodide (NaI), 17.41 percent by weight sodium bromide (NaBr), 12.66 percent by weight thallium iodide (TlI), 1.34 percent by weight indium iodide (InI) and 1. 34 percent by weight (LiBr). The exemplary embodiments six to nine differ only in the admixed getter substances.
Bei dem sechsten Ausführungsbeispiel werden als Sauerstoff bindende Gettersubstanz, ca. 0,4 Gewichtsprozent Phosphorjodid (PI₃) verwendet.In the sixth embodiment, approximately 0.4% by weight phosphoric iodide (PI₃) are used as the oxygen-binding getter substance.
Der Metallhalogenidfüllung des siebten Ausführungsbeispiels sind ca. 1,8 Gewichtsprozent Borjodid (BI₃) als Getter beigemischt.The metal halide filling of the seventh embodiment is admixed with about 1.8 percent by weight of boron iodide (BI₃) as a getter.
Das achte Ausführungsbeispiel enthält ungefähr 0,4 Gewichtsprozent Aluminiumjodid (AlI₃).The eighth embodiment contains about 0.4 weight percent aluminum iodide (AlI₃).
Beim neunten Ausführungsbeispiel wird als Getter die Zinn-Phosphor-Verbindung SnP verwendet. Die Dosierung beträgt hier 2,16 Gewichtsprozent SnP bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Metallhalogenidfüllungskomponenten. Das entspricht einem Phosphoranteil von ungefähr 0,5 Gewichtsprozent.In the ninth embodiment, the tin-phosphorus compound SnP is used as the getter. The dosage here is 2.16 percent by weight of SnP the total weight of the metal halide filling components. This corresponds to a phosphorus content of approximately 0.5 percent by weight.
Bei allen Ausführungsbeispielen konnten weder eine Schwärzung der Entladungsgefäßinnenwand aufgrund eines Getterüberschusses noch Frühausfalle, verursacht durch Elektrodenkorrosion, beobachtet werden.In all of the exemplary embodiments, neither blackening of the inside of the discharge vessel due to excess getter nor early failures caused by electrode corrosion could be observed.
Die Erfindung beschränkt sich nicht auf die oben näher erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiele. So können anstelle der Jodide von Aluminium, Bor und Phosphor auch deren Bromide oder Cloride verwendet werden. Als Gettersubstanzen eignen sich auch Scandiumhalogenid oder Halogenide, insbesondere Jodide, Bromide und Cloride, der Seltenen-Erdmetalle. Ferner ist es möglich, anstelle der obengenannten Getterverbindungen auch die Substanzen Aluminium, Phosphor, Bor, Scandium und die Seltenen-Erdmetalle in elementarer Form zu verwenden. Die als Getter dienenden Seltenen-Erdmetalle bzw. Seltenen-Erdmetall-Halogenide sowie Scandium bzw. Scandiumhalogenid werden in so geringen Dosierungen verwendet, daß keine nennenswerte Einflußnahme der Gettersubstanzen auf das Emissionsspektrum, insbesondere die Farbtemperatur, der Lampe erfolgt. Erfolgreiche Versuche wurden außerdem mit den Wolfram-Bor-Verbindungen WB und W₂B als Sauerstoffgetter durchgeführt.The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments explained in more detail above. So instead of the iodides of aluminum, boron and phosphorus, their bromides or chlorides can also be used. Scandium halide or halides, in particular iodides, bromides and chlorides, of the rare earth metals are also suitable as getter substances. It is also possible to use the substances aluminum, phosphorus, boron, scandium and the rare earth metals in elemental form instead of the getter compounds mentioned above. The rare earth metals or rare earth halides and scandium or scandium halide used as getters are used in such small doses that the getter substances have no appreciable influence on the emission spectrum, in particular the color temperature, of the lamp. Successful experiments were also carried out with the tungsten-boron compounds WB and W₂B as oxygen getters.
Die oben genannten Gettersubstanzen können vorteilhaft auch in Halogenmetalldampfstrahlern verwendet werden, die vornehmlich im UV-Bereich emittieren. Die ionisierbare Füllung dieser UV-Strahler enthält neben Quecksilber und einem Edelgasgemisch Metallhalogenidzusätze, die überwiegend aus Halogeniden (Jodide und Bromide) der Metalle Quecksilber, Eisen oder Nickel bestehen.The getter substances mentioned above can advantageously also be used in metal halide lamps which emit primarily in the UV range. In addition to mercury and a noble gas mixture, the ionizable filling of these UV lamps contains metal halide additives, which mainly consist of halides (iodides and bromides) of the metals mercury, iron or nickel.
Versuche haben ferner gezeigt, daß es sogar möglich ist, mit Hilfe der oben genannten Gettersubstanzen den durch Sauerstoffverunreinigungen verursachten Halogenangriff auf die Wolframwendel bei Halogenglühlampen deutlich einzuschränken.Experiments have also shown that it is even possible to use the getter substances mentioned above to significantly limit the halogen attack on the tungsten filament caused by oxygen impurities in incandescent halogen lamps.
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE4325679A DE4325679A1 (en) | 1993-07-30 | 1993-07-30 | Electric lamp with halogen filling |
DE4325679 | 1993-07-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0637056A1 true EP0637056A1 (en) | 1995-02-01 |
EP0637056B1 EP0637056B1 (en) | 1997-05-02 |
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EP94111177A Expired - Lifetime EP0637056B1 (en) | 1993-07-30 | 1994-07-18 | High pressure discharge lamp |
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US (1) | US5461281A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0637056B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3654929B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4325679A1 (en) |
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EP0833371A2 (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 1998-04-01 | General Electric Company | Oxygen control agents for fluorescent lamps |
WO2001035443A1 (en) * | 1999-11-11 | 2001-05-17 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | High-pressure gas discharge lamp |
CN112978693A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-18 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing tin triphosphate by vapor phase method |
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JP2504817B2 (en) * | 1988-11-16 | 1996-06-05 | キヤノン株式会社 | Optical element molding method |
JPH07114902A (en) * | 1993-10-19 | 1995-05-02 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | Metal halide lamp |
US5754002A (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 1998-05-19 | General Electric Company | Antioxidant control of leachable mercury in fluorescent lamps |
US5898272A (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 1999-04-27 | Everbrite, Inc. | Cathode for gas discharge lamp |
TW403819B (en) | 1998-04-08 | 2000-09-01 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | High-pressure metal-halide lamp |
JP3655126B2 (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2005-06-02 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | Metal halide lamp |
JP3219084B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-10-15 | 日本電気株式会社 | High pressure discharge lamp and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2003045373A (en) | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-14 | Nec Lighting Ltd | High pressure discharge lamp |
JP2008507091A (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2008-03-06 | アドバンスド ライティング テクノロジイズ,インコーポレイティド | High-intensity discharge lamp, arc tube and manufacturing method thereof |
US7714512B2 (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2010-05-11 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | High red color rendition metal halide lamp |
US7868553B2 (en) * | 2007-12-06 | 2011-01-11 | General Electric Company | Metal halide lamp including a source of available oxygen |
US7777418B2 (en) * | 2008-04-08 | 2010-08-17 | General Electric Company | Ceramic metal halide lamp incorporating a metallic halide getter |
JP2010182581A (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2010-08-19 | Seiko Epson Corp | Discharge lamp, light source device, and projector |
US8497633B2 (en) | 2011-07-20 | 2013-07-30 | General Electric Company | Ceramic metal halide discharge lamp with oxygen content and metallic component |
US20210210606A1 (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-07-08 | Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc | Oxygen getters for activation of group v dopants in ii-vi semiconductor materials |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE59402590D1 (en) | 1997-06-05 |
DE4325679A1 (en) | 1995-02-02 |
JPH0757697A (en) | 1995-03-03 |
EP0637056B1 (en) | 1997-05-02 |
US5461281A (en) | 1995-10-24 |
JP3654929B2 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
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