EP0635858B1 - Steuerknüppel - Google Patents
Steuerknüppel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0635858B1 EP0635858B1 EP94401181A EP94401181A EP0635858B1 EP 0635858 B1 EP0635858 B1 EP 0635858B1 EP 94401181 A EP94401181 A EP 94401181A EP 94401181 A EP94401181 A EP 94401181A EP 0635858 B1 EP0635858 B1 EP 0635858B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- manipulator
- control device
- orientation
- cursor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012550 audit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H25/00—Switches with compound movement of handle or other operating part
- H01H25/04—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick
- H01H25/041—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick having a generally flat operating member depressible at different locations to operate different controls
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
- G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
- G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
- G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
- G05G2009/04703—Mounting of controlling member
- G05G2009/04707—Mounting of controlling member with ball joint
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H19/00—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
- H01H19/02—Details
- H01H19/10—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
- H01H19/11—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon with indexing means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H25/00—Switches with compound movement of handle or other operating part
- H01H25/04—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick
- H01H25/041—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick having a generally flat operating member depressible at different locations to operate different controls
- H01H2025/043—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick having a generally flat operating member depressible at different locations to operate different controls the operating member being rotatable around wobbling axis for additional switching functions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H25/00—Switches with compound movement of handle or other operating part
- H01H25/04—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick
- H01H2025/048—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick having a separate central push, slide or tumbler button which is not integral with the operating part that surrounds it
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2239/00—Miscellaneous
- H01H2239/052—Strain gauge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2239/00—Miscellaneous
- H01H2239/074—Actuation by finger touch
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H25/00—Switches with compound movement of handle or other operating part
- H01H25/06—Operating part movable both angularly and rectilinearly, the rectilinear movement being along the axis of angular movement
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
- Y10T74/20012—Multiple controlled elements
- Y10T74/20201—Control moves in two planes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a manipulator with multimode actuation usable in numerous applications such as, for example, remote control, remote handling, piloting, or even the management of a cursor on a display associated with a processor.
- manipulators of this kind involve a control lever which can swivel on a fixed structure and which is associated with detection means capable of supplying electrical signals representative of the orientation and, possibly, of the amplitude of the transverse displacements. lever (or even only transverse forces exerted on it).
- the lever is also axially movable so as to be able to actuate the push button of a validation switch and to allow the operator to simultaneously perform an operating action (by exerting a transverse force on the lever) and an independent validation action (by subjecting the lever to an axial force).
- the invention therefore more particularly aims a manipulator which combines the advantages of the solutions mentioned above without having the disadvantages, and this, so that it can be used both for cursor management or the like as for piloting and remote handling .
- the operator can use the manipulator in a conventional manner.
- the operator can rotate the control member about its axis of rotation, for example to perform a corresponding synchronous rotation of a controlled member.
- this solution may make it possible to determine and display on the screen (for example by virtue of a movable axis in rotation around a point of the cursor in correspondence with the rotation of the control unit) the direction that the latter must take to arrive at a desired location.
- the action on control means which may consist of the validation means can then cause the cursor to move in the direction thus determined; until it reaches the chosen location.
- the manipulator 1 is intended to manage a cursor C displayed on the screen 2 of a display device associated with a processor 3.
- This manipulator comprises a housing 4, of parallelepiped shape, the upper face 5 of which is provided with a vertical central bearing 6 in which a rotary tubular shaft 7 can pivot and slide axially.
- This rotary shaft 7 carries, at its upper end, a rotary disc 8 which extends parallel to the upper face 5.
- the tubular shaft 7 comprises a thinned portion 10 located substantially halfway between the upper face 5 and the disc.
- This thinned region forms, in a way, an elastic joint similar to a ball joint, thanks to which the assembly formed by the disc 8 and the upper part of the shaft 7 can pivot around a center of rotation 0, for example under the effect of an axial pressure exerted on the periphery of the disc 8.
- the disc 8 also comprises a coaxial central cavity 11 which communicates with the internal volume of the tubular shaft 7, and in which is slidably mounted, with spring return 12, a coaxial pusher 13 secured to a rod 14.
- the upper face 5 of the housing 4 supports four function keys T 1 to T 4 , in the form trapezoidal, with the small curved base, which occupy the space between the disk 8 and the lateral edges of the housing 4.
- These function keys T 1 to T 4 act on respective switches 20 mounted on the upper face 5.
- the cylindrical surface of the disc 8 is provided with a notched track 22 on which comes a ball 23 urged by a spring 24 bearing on the housing 4, so as to generate a tactile sensation during the drive in rotation of the disc 8 .
- the upper face of the disc 8 can be covered with a tactile layer 21 capable of detecting the presence of a finger or a hand in the immediate vicinity of the disc 8, or even a touch of the latter.
- the switches 17, 18, 20, the detector 15, the strain gauge 19, the touch surface 26 and the strain gauge device G are connected to an interface circuit 27 which ensures the shaping of the signals delivered by these elements and transmits them in an appropriate digital form to processor 3.
- the latter is notably designed so as to determine, as a function of the information transmitted by the strain gauge device G, the intensity and the direction, in a plane radial of the boom taken by the tubular shaft 7.
- these two operating modes can also use the keys T 1 to T 4 , the pusher 13, the switch 18 making it possible to detect the axial displacements of the tubular shaft and the touch layer 26, the functions assigned to these different means depending on the type of application.
- the operation according to the second mode makes it possible to execute, in a particularly original and advantageous manner, a multiplicity of functions such as in particular a displacement of the cursor towards a point to be reached, with or without visualization of the plot, the survey of '' a heading and / or the distance of the cursor to a singular point, etc ...
- the operator then rotates the disk 8, a pivot whose angular data is transmitted to the processor 3 by the detector 15 which, in turn, causes a pivot of the axis around the center 0.
- the latter emits a signal in the direction of the processor 3 which controls movement of the cursor C along the axis ⁇ , in direction of point X to be reached.
- the speed of movement of the cursor C can be made proportional to the force exerted on the disc 8 (each value of the force detected by the gauge 19 can correspond to a determined value of the forward speed).
- the operator can press the push-button 13 to cause switching of the switch 18 and, consequently, the validation of the position of the cursor C.
- This validation can be translated by taking into account the coordinates of the cursor C by the processor 3, by singling out point X on the screen and, possibly, by erasing the axis ⁇ .
- FIG. 3 which illustrates the process previously described, shows the visualization on the screen of the cursor path from the initial position A to the point X on the axis ⁇ (the initial direction ⁇ 'of this axis ⁇ being indicated by lines interrupted).
- the operating mode used in this example is not unique: it would be possible at first to roughly orient the axis ⁇ '' as shown in Figure 4 in broken lines, (for example using the first operating mode ) and then make one or more changes of direction to reach point X.
- This change of direction can be carried out by turning the disk 8, with or without interruption of the movement of the cursor, that is to say with or without pressure on the disk 8.
- cursor C can be brought to point Y in a similar way to that previously described ( Figure 5).
- this information can be displayed on the screen once the axis linked to the cursor has has been oriented to pass through this point and this orientation has been validated.
- command ranges arranged for example around the screen (for example as shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1), by simply orienting the axis linked to the cursor. C so that it goes through the chosen range and confirming the corresponding orientation (without necessarily having to move the cursor along the ⁇ axis).
- the first operating mode can be used to perform a rapid but coarse orientation of the axis linked to the cursor, the second mode then serving to display this orientation.
- the shaft 35 on which the disc 8 is carried could include a spherical portion 36 swiveling in shells of complementary shapes 37 secured to the housing or to a structure movable in translation compared to the latter.
- the lower end of the shaft 35 is then coupled to a strain gauge 38 ensuring both the detection of the order of movement of the cursor C, the direction of the axis ⁇ linked to the cursor and the speed of movement of the cursor C.
- the orientation of the axis linked to the cursor is not obtained by rotating the disc 8 but by pressing the disc in an oriented area (relative to the center of the disc) corresponding to the desired orientation of the axis linked to the cursor.
- Stops 39, 40 can be provided so as to limit the tilting of the shaft 35.
Landscapes
- Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
Claims (10)
- Manipulator mit mehreren Betätigungsmodi, der insbesondere zur Steuerung eines Cursors (C) auf einem einem Prozessor (3) zugeordneten Anzeigegerät (2) anwendbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er enthält:- ein Steuerorgan (8), das mittels einer im wesentlichen koaxialen Welle (7) um eine Drehachse drehbar angeordnet ist,- Schwenkmittel (10), die es der Welle (7) ermöglichen, um ein Drehzentrum (0) unter der Wirkung einer Kraft zu schwenken, die auf das Steuerorgan (8) ausgeübt wird, mit einer elastischen Rückholung in die Ruhestellung, sobald die Kraft nicht mehr ausgeübt wird,- Mittel (15, 16), um die Winkelstellung des Steuerorgans (8) um die Achse (7) zu erfassen,- Mittel (G), um die Ausrichtung der Welle (7) um das Drehzentrum (0) zu erfassen,- Umschaltmittel (T1), die den Übergang von einem ersten Betriebsmodus, bei dem zumindest die Informationen bezüglich der Ausrichtung der Welle (7) berücksichtigt werden, in einen zweiten Betriebsmodus ermöglichen, in dem nur die Informationen über die Winkelstellung des Steuerorgans (8) berücksichtigt werden,- Mittel, um die Information über die Winkelstellung des Steuerorgans (8) und die Ausrichtung der Welle (7) zu bestätigen, die von den Erfassungsmitteln (G, 15, 16) erfaßt wurden.
- Manipulator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schwenkmittel aus einem flexiblen Abschnitt (10) der Welle (7) bestehen, und daß in diesem Fall die Mittel zur Erfassung der Ausrichtung der Welle aus einer Vorrichtung mit Kraftmeßsonden (G) bestehen, die in Höhe dieses Abschnitts (10) angeordnet sind.
- Manipulator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schwenkmittel aus einer Kugelverbindung (36, 37) bestehen, die zwischen einer festen oder in Translation verschiebbaren Trägerstruktur und einem zentralen Bereich der Welle (35) vorgesehen ist, und daß in diesem Fall die Mittel zur Erfassung der Ausrichtung der Welle aus einer Vorrichtung mit Kraftmeßsonden (38) bestehen, die an das Ende der Welle (35) gekoppelt ist, das dem Steuerorgan (8) entgegengesetzt liegt.
- Manipulator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Welle (7) axial gegen die Wirkung von elastischen Mitteln (9) beweglich ist und daß er einen Schalter (17) und/oder eine für die axialen Bewegungen der Welle (7) empfindliche Kraftmeßsonde (19) aufweist.
- Manipulator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zur Erfassung der Winkelstellung des Steuerorgans (8) aus einem Kodierrad (16) bestehen, das von der Welle (7) getragen wird und einem Detektor (15) zugeordnet ist.
- Manipulator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Welle (7) rohrförmig ist und daß die Bestätigungsmittel einen Drücker (13) enthalten, der gleitend mit Rückholung durch eine Feder in einem zentralen Hohlraum (11) angeordnet ist, der koaxial zum Steuerorgan (8) liegt und der mit einem Schalter (18) zusammenwirkt.
- Manipulator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er mehrere Tasten (T1 bis T4) aufweist, die um das Steuerorgan (8) herum angeordnet sind.
- Manipulator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Steuerorgan mit einer Tastschicht (26) bedeckt ist, die das Vorhandensein und/oder den Kontakt eines Fingers des Operators erfassen kann.
- Manipulator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaltmittel (T1 bis T4) es ermöglichen, in einen dritten Betriebsmodus überzugehen, der sowohl die Informationen bezüglich der Winkelstellung des Steuerorgans (8) als auch die Informationen bezüglich der Ausrichtung der Welle (7) berücksichtigt.
- Manipulator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drehung des Steuerorgans (8) und/oder das Schwenken der Welle (7) die Ausrichtung des Cursors steuern, wobei die Verschiebung dieses Cursors in die gewählte Richtung dann durch eine Betätigung von Umschaltmittel erhalten wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9309205 | 1993-07-23 | ||
FR9309205A FR2707911B1 (fr) | 1993-07-23 | 1993-07-23 | Manipulateur à actionnement multimode. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0635858A1 EP0635858A1 (de) | 1995-01-25 |
EP0635858B1 true EP0635858B1 (de) | 1997-01-15 |
Family
ID=9449658
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94401181A Expired - Lifetime EP0635858B1 (de) | 1993-07-23 | 1994-05-27 | Steuerknüppel |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5543592A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0635858B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69401470T2 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2707911B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR0135187Y1 (ko) * | 1996-07-15 | 1999-10-01 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 조그셔틀기능과 택트기능을 구비한 스위치구조 |
US5872320A (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 1999-02-16 | Bokam Engineering | Force transducer with co-planar strain gauges |
US5854622A (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-12-29 | Brannon; Daniel J. | Joystick apparatus for measuring handle movement with six degrees of freedom |
US5973674A (en) * | 1997-08-02 | 1999-10-26 | Buecker; Robert Scott | Input device for controlling cursor movement on the screen of a computer |
JP3060240U (ja) * | 1998-07-23 | 1999-08-17 | 京セラ株式会社 | 移動体通信機器のマルチファンクションキー |
GB2351817A (en) * | 1999-06-26 | 2001-01-10 | Touch Controls Ltd | A pointing device for controlling a computer application |
US6227066B1 (en) | 1999-07-26 | 2001-05-08 | Mpc Products Corporation | Joystick centering device supporting multiple compound torque profiles |
US7657128B2 (en) * | 2000-05-23 | 2010-02-02 | Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd | Optical force sensor |
TW509866B (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2002-11-11 | Darfon Electronics Corp | Pointing apparatus capable of increasing sensitivity |
DE10120691A1 (de) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-11-21 | Siemens Ag | Bedieneinheit,insbesondere für die Bedienung eines Multimediasystems in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
JP2003280809A (ja) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-10-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電子機器 |
US6809275B1 (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2004-10-26 | Synaptics, Inc. | Rotary and push type input device |
FR2840447B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-30 | 2004-11-26 | Itt Mfg Entpr S Inc | Commutateur electrique miniaturise a voies multiples de commutation |
DE10243223A1 (de) * | 2002-09-17 | 2004-03-25 | Völckers, Oliver | Bedienelement für elektronische Geräte zur Betätigung von Sensoren und ein Verfahren zur Auswahl von in einem elektronischen Speicher enthaltenen Funktionen und zur Anzeige der ausgewählten Funktion mittels eines Cursors |
JP4359478B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-14 | 2009-11-04 | アルプス電気株式会社 | ジョイスティック型スイッチ装置 |
EP1915600A4 (de) * | 2005-08-19 | 2011-06-22 | Silverbrook Res Pty Ltd | Elektronischer stift mit kraftumlenkkopplungelektronischer stift mit kraftumlenkkopplung |
US7772507B2 (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2010-08-10 | Research In Motion Limited | Switch assembly and associated handheld electronic device |
WO2010011779A2 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-01-28 | Flextronics Ap, Llc | Integration design for capacitive touch panels and liquid crystal displays |
US9128568B2 (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2015-09-08 | New Vision Display (Shenzhen) Co., Limited | Capacitive touch panel with FPC connector electrically coupled to conductive traces of face-to-face ITO pattern structure in single plane |
DE102008039772A1 (de) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-04 | Berchtold Holding Gmbh | Handgriff |
US8209861B2 (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2012-07-03 | Flextronics Ap, Llc | Method for manufacturing a touch screen sensor assembly |
US8274486B2 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2012-09-25 | Flextronics Ap, Llc | Diamond pattern on a single layer |
US20100156811A1 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-06-24 | Ding Hua Long | New pattern design for a capacitive touch screen |
US20100156846A1 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Flextronics Ap, Llc | Single substrate capacitive touch panel |
CN101943978B (zh) * | 2009-07-06 | 2012-12-26 | 弗莱克斯电子有限责任公司 | 电容触摸屏面板及其制造方法、电容触摸传感器 |
US20110199328A1 (en) * | 2010-02-18 | 2011-08-18 | Flextronics Ap, Llc | Touch screen system with acoustic and capacitive sensing |
US9285929B2 (en) | 2010-03-30 | 2016-03-15 | New Vision Display (Shenzhen) Co., Limited | Touchscreen system with simplified mechanical touchscreen design using capacitance and acoustic sensing technologies, and method therefor |
US8525955B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 | 2013-09-03 | Multek Display (Hong Kong) Limited | Heater for liquid crystal display |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4155263A (en) * | 1978-02-28 | 1979-05-22 | Eaton Corporation | Multiplexed strain gauge bridge |
CA1081342A (en) * | 1978-10-18 | 1980-07-08 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited - Energie Atomique Du Canada, Limitee | Three dimensional strain gage transducer |
FR2462743A1 (fr) * | 1979-08-02 | 1981-02-13 | Ass Ouvriers Instr Precision | Dispositif de commande manuelle, notamment poignee pour commander les deplacements d'un organe motorise |
JPS6226532A (ja) * | 1985-07-19 | 1987-02-04 | リチヤ−ド エル.ジエンキンス | アイソメトリツク制御装置 |
JPH0676931B2 (ja) * | 1986-01-13 | 1994-09-28 | 工業技術院長 | 触覚センサ |
US4849730A (en) * | 1986-02-14 | 1989-07-18 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Force detecting device |
GB2211280B (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1991-10-30 | Daco Scient Limited | Joystick |
US5107080A (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1992-04-21 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Multiple degree of freedom damped hand controls |
FR2659789B1 (fr) * | 1990-03-15 | 1996-09-27 | Sextant Avionique | Manipulateur a jauges de contrainte. |
-
1993
- 1993-07-23 FR FR9309205A patent/FR2707911B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-05-26 US US08/249,922 patent/US5543592A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-27 DE DE69401470T patent/DE69401470T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-27 EP EP94401181A patent/EP0635858B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2707911B1 (fr) | 1995-09-22 |
EP0635858A1 (de) | 1995-01-25 |
DE69401470T2 (de) | 1997-05-22 |
DE69401470D1 (de) | 1997-02-27 |
US5543592A (en) | 1996-08-06 |
FR2707911A1 (fr) | 1995-01-27 |
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