EP0634780B1 - Metall-Halogen Entladungslampe, optischer Beleuchtungsapparat und Bildvorführungssystem - Google Patents

Metall-Halogen Entladungslampe, optischer Beleuchtungsapparat und Bildvorführungssystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0634780B1
EP0634780B1 EP94110830A EP94110830A EP0634780B1 EP 0634780 B1 EP0634780 B1 EP 0634780B1 EP 94110830 A EP94110830 A EP 94110830A EP 94110830 A EP94110830 A EP 94110830A EP 0634780 B1 EP0634780 B1 EP 0634780B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
halide
lamp
metal halide
transparent container
cesium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94110830A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0634780A1 (de
Inventor
Hideaki Omura
Masayuki Wakamiya
Munehiro Tabata
Nobuyoshi Takeuchi
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0634780A1 publication Critical patent/EP0634780A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/125—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having an halogenide as principal component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
    • H01J61/20—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent mercury vapour

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal halide lamp used in general purpose illumination, optical appliances and others, an illumination optical apparatus combining a metal halide lamp and a concave reflector, and an image display system such as projection type liquid crystal display.
  • metal halide lamp has been widely applied for lighting at shops, roads, and for other general purposes, and its demand is also spreading as lights for automobiles, or light source for optical appliances.
  • An example of metal halide discharge lamp is shown below while referring to drawings.
  • Fig. 1 shows a structure of a single tube type metal halide lamp.
  • numeral 1 denotes a luminous part of a discharge tube made of quartz glass
  • 2 is a tungsten electrode installed through a molybdenum foil
  • 3 is a sealing part tightly adhering the molybdenum foil
  • 4 is an external lead wire.
  • the metal halide lamp In the metal halide lamp, the metal halide added in the discharge tube together with mercury and rare gases is melted and is present as liquid phase while the lamp is lighting at the inside wall of the discharge tube.
  • the liquid metal halide is evaporated to be gas phase, and the metal halide vapor is dissociated into metal atoms and halogen atoms in the high temperature region of the arc column.
  • the metal atoms are excited by the arc and emit their own characteristic spectral lines. Accordingly, as compared with the high pressure mercury lamps, the metal halide lamp is superior in luminous efficacy and color rendering properties.
  • Metal halide lamps containing metal iodides such as Tl-Na-In, Sc-Na, Dy-Tl, and Dy-Nd-Cs are widely put in practical use.
  • Metal halide lamps containing Dy-Gd-Cs, Dy-Tl-Cs, and Dy-Nd-Cs are known from EP-A-0 342 762, metal halide lamps comprising Dy-Nd-Cs are also known from EP-A-0 453 983. It is further known from GB-A-2 053 562 to add lutetium iodide to a metal halide lamp comprising indium iodide and an alkali iodide, in order to enhance the spectral output in the range of 320 to 340 nm.
  • the luminous characteristic of the lamp is determined by the vapor pressure of the metal halides inside. So it is necessary to let the coolest-spot temperature of the discharge tube high enough to increase the vapor pressure of the metal halides in order to obtain the luminous characteristic of the metal halide additives.
  • the tube wall load (electric power/all inner wall area ) is appropriately designed to obtain the desired coolest-spot temperature.
  • the heat-reflecting coating is usually is applied on the outer surface of the coolest spot of the discharge tube.
  • the emissions of mercury ions and neutral atoms of Dy and Nd with a large excitation energy are dominant in the high temperature region of the arc column.
  • the outer region with lower temperature light emission from neutral atoms of Dy and Nd become dominant, and in the outermost area with even lower temperature, Cs and DyI molecules emit light mainly.
  • the color distribution of the screen 6 of an image display system is affected by the color distribution of the arc. That is, the center of the screen corresponds to the central axis of the metal halide arc, and the edge area of the screen corresponds to the outer region of the arc.
  • the color distribution and spectral distribution of the arc from the central axis to the arc periphery correspond to the color distribution of the screen from the center toward the edge.
  • frost processing a technique is used to improve the uniformity of arc color by processing the outer surface of the discharge tube of the metal halide lamp in an opaque state (ground glass state) by sand blasting or similar method (hereinafter called frost processing).
  • frost processing of the outer surface of the lamp causes the apparent size of the light source to increase and therefore lowers the efficacy of the reflector. Even if the color uniformity of the screen is improved, the brightness of the screen is lowered.
  • a first metal halide lamp of the present invention comprises
  • the total weight of the gadolinium halide, lutetium halide, and cesium halide per unit volume of the light transparent container is 1 mg/cc or more,
  • At least one of dysprosium halide and thallium halide, using iodine or bromine or their mixture as halogen, may be filled in said light transparent container in addition to the above halides.
  • the total weight of the halides per unit volume of the light transparent container is preferably 1 mg/cc or more, the weight of cesium halide in the total weight of halides is in the range of 15% to 50%.
  • a second metal halide lamp of the present invention comprises,
  • the lamp electric power per distance between the electrodes is 20 W/mm or more
  • An illumination optical apparatus of the present invention comprises
  • a display system of the present invention comprises,
  • a metal halide light source excellent in luminous efficiency, luminous color characteristic, and color rendering properties is obtained, by properly choosing, as specified in the appended claims, the kind, composition and sealing amount of metal halide, of which halogen is iodine, bromine or its mixture, and metal is gadolinium, lutetium, dysprosium, neodymium, thallium or cesium. Besides, reaction between the constituent material of discharge tube and the added metal is retarded, so that a longer life is realized. Moreover, the color separation of the arc can be significantly improved from the prior art, and when the metal halide lamp of the invention is used as the light source of the illumination optical apparatus, color uniformity of the screen can be remarkably improved.
  • the color separation of the arc in metal halide lamp is caused by the difference in the temperature of the arc, so the main species that emits light differs from one part to another.
  • the wavelength of emitted light changes depending on the temperature.
  • the intensity of the blue part of the light in the spectrum distribution which needs large excitation energy increases.
  • the intensity of the red part of the spectrum distribution increases that corresponds to relatively low excitation energy.
  • the extent of color separation in the arc is intensified because DyI molecule emits reddish light at the outermost region of the arc where the temperature is rather low. Therefore, to improve the color distribution of the arc in the metal halide lamp, it is necessary to let the arc temperature uniform, or to choose light emitting material whose spectrum distribution has no temperature dependence. Practically, however, it is extremely difficult to make the arc temperature uniform over the entire area inside the discharge tube.
  • the spectrum distribution of lutetium remains nearly constant at various arc temperatures.
  • Lutetium radiates nearly similar emissions whether at high-temperature central region of the arc or at arc periphery with low temperature.
  • Such characteristic phenomenon of lutetium seems to be due to the fact that the excitation energy relating to emission doesn't vary so much depending on the wavelength of the emission.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-section of a discharge tube of metal halide lamp in embodiment 1 of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an image display system using an illumination optical apparatus of embodiment 1 of the invention as a light source.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph showing the spectrum distribution of metal halide lamps of the prior art and embodiment 1 of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing distribution of color temperature and illuminance of a screen in embodiment 2 of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing results of the life test on the lamp in embodiment 2 of the invention.
  • Fig. 6 is the color temperature distribution of the screen with the lamp in embodiment 3 of the invention.
  • the luminous part of the discharge tube 1 has nearly rotated ellipse shape, and its maximum inner diameter is 8.0 mm, and the inner volume is 0.5 cc.
  • the distance between two electrodes, or the arc length is 6.0 mm.
  • the discharge tube is filled with 0.5 mg of GdI 3 , 0.2 mg of LuI 3 , 0.3 mg of CsI, 10.0 mg of mercury as buffer gas, and 26.6 kPa (200 Torr) of Ar as starting rare gas.
  • the metal halide lamp was incorporated into an image display system shown in Fig. 2, and the spectrum distribution was evaluated. Meanwhile a liquid crystal shutter driven by image signals is shown in the Fig. 2 by broken line 11.
  • the lamp was burnt with the lamp power of 150 W, lamp voltage of 90 V, and lamp current of 1.7 A.
  • Numeral 5 is a concave reflector of which reflection plane is shaped parabolic or elliptical, 6 is a screen, and 7 is a projection lens system. Spectrum distribution at the center of the screen 6 is shown in curve 1 (solid line) in Fig. 3. Curve 2 (broken line) indicates the spectrum distribution of a reference lamp sealed with DyI 3 -TlI-CsI.
  • curve 1 is the spectrum distribution of the lamp of the embodiment
  • curve 2 is that of the DyI 3 -TlI-CsI lamp.
  • These two lamps were identical except for the sealed material. Comparing curve 1 and curve 2, it is clear that strong characteristic spectral lines of the sealed metal were obtained in the whole visible range, leading to notable improvement in the color rendering properties in the lamp of the invention sealed with specified amounts of GdI 3 , LuI 3 , and CsI. Since the emission spectrum is distributed over the entire visible range in the metal halide lamp of the invention, the screen properties such as brightness or color is superior as compared with the conventional metal halide lamp when used as the light source for OHP or projection type liquid crystal display.
  • the absence of DyI 3 as principal component enables the lamp of the invention to be free from reddish emission region which is considered to be molecular luminescence of DyI in the peripheral area of the arc. Hence, the color uniformity of the screen is notably improved.
  • the total filling amount of gadolinium iodide, lutetium iodide, and cesium iodide is more than 1 mg/cc per inner volume of discharge tube in the metal halide lamp of this constitution, of which reason is as follows.
  • the iodides are present mostly as liquid at the cooling spot during the lamp is operating, part of which evaporates to be in the discharge area as vapor.
  • the more total amount of the iodides in the discharge tube the more excessive liquid iodides contact with the inner wall which is at higher temperature than the coolest spot of the lamp. So, larger amount of vapor iodides can be present than before.
  • the increase in the vapor pressure of the iodides intensifies the emission of the filled metal, which enables the color rendering properties to be improved.
  • the total sealing weight of GdI 3 , LuI 3 , and CsI is preferred to be greater than 1 mg/cc for practical use.
  • the volume of the discharge tube is required to be 0.4 cc or larger and 2.0 cc or smaller. If the volume is smaller than 0.4 cc, the liquid iodides deposit on the entire inner surface of the tube during the lamp in operating, causing the luminance to be lowered significantly.
  • the inner volume is bigger than 2.0 cc, as the area with lowest temperature spreads the iodides must be further increased.
  • the weight ratio of GdI 3 / LuI 3 should not be less than 0.1, because the luminance of the arc and the emission efficiency drops. In the case weight ratio of GdI 3 /LuI 3 is larger than 10, characteristic spectral lines from rare earth metals becomes weakened, instead, the emission from mercury is enhanced ,causing the color rendering properties to be worsened.
  • Cesium iodide is effective to stabilize the arc discharge and to increase the vapor pressure of GdI 3 and LuI 3 .
  • cesium iodide make it possible to obtain desiable emission spectrum by forming complex iodides such as GdCsI 4 with high vapor pressure. But excessive CsI lowers the luminance of the lamp by depositing on the inner surface of the discharge tube.
  • Experimental result shows cesium iodide is required to be in a range of 15% to 50% of the total weight of iodides for practical purpose.
  • a metal halide lamp in the second embodiment is described below. Except for the sealed material, the structure is the same as in the prior art shown in Fig. 1, so no more explanation is made here.
  • the luminous part of the discharge tube 1 has nearly rotated ellipse shape, and its maximum inner diameter is 8.0 mm, and the volume is 0.5 cc. The distance between the electrodes, or the arc length is 5.5 mm.
  • the discharge tube is filled with 0.3 mg of GdI 3 , 0.2 mg of LuI 3 , 0.1 mg of TlI, 0.3 mg of CsI, 10.0 mg of mercury as buffer gas, and 26.6 kPa (200 Torr) of Ar as starting rare gas.
  • the metal halide lamp was incorporated into an optical system shown in Fig. 2, and the spectrum distribution and illuminance were evaluated.
  • the lamp was burnt at the lamp electric power of 150 W, lamp voltage of 90 V, and lamp current of 1.7 A.
  • Numeral 5 is a concave reflector
  • 6 is a screen
  • 7 is a projection lens system.
  • the spectrum distribution and illuminance of the screen were measured by scanning photosensors along the diagonal line of the screen. The spectrum distribution was converted to the color temperature. The distribution of color temperature and illuminance on the screen is indicated by solid line in Fig. 4. Similar measurement was conducted for the conventional lamp sealed with 0.5 mg of DyI 3 , 0.2 mg of NdI 3 , and 0.3 mg of CsI for comparison and the results are shown by broken line in Fig. 4.
  • the circled lines correspond to the graph axis indicated by the arrow.
  • Fig. 4 the solid line shows the color temperature distribution and illuminance distribution of the lamp of the embodiment, and the broken line represents those of the DyI 3 -NdI 3 -CsI lamp fabricated for contrast. These two lamps were identical except for the metal halide additives.
  • the lamp filled with metal halides of the embodiment has nearly the equivalent brightness of the conventional DyI 3 -NdI 3 -CsI lamp, that is, the illumination and its distribution of the screen is mostly the same.
  • Color temperature of the screen with the lamp of the embodiment is slightly higher than the conventional one. But the color temperature uniformity of the screen with the lamp of the embodiment is greatly different from that with the conventional lamp. Difference of color temperature between the center and the edge of the screen decreased from 1400K to 300K in this embodiment, and the color uniformity of the screen is notably improved. This is because there is almost no reddish luminescent region due to the molecular luminescence in the periphery of the arc.
  • the total filling weight of gadolinium iodide, lutetium iodide, thallium iodide and cesium iodide must be 1 mg/cc or more per unit volume of the discharge tube with the same reason as mentioned in embodiment 1.
  • the weight of cesium iodide was also found to be required in a range of 15% to 50% of the total weight of iodides sealed in the discharge tube same as in embodiment 1.
  • the lamp of the embodiment indicated by solid line was superior in the illuminance maintenance rate. Time to be 50% of the initial level was 3,000 hours, about twice as long as for the conventional lamp (indicated by broken line). Examining the lamp after life test, the extent of devitrification in the lamp of the embodiment was extremely small in as compared with the conventional lamp, and there was no rupture or leak even after 5,000 hours.
  • a metal halide lamp in the third embodiment is described below. Except for the sealed material, the structure is the same as in the prior art shown in Fig. 1 so no more explanation is made here.
  • the luminous part of the discharge tube 1 has nearly rotated ellipse shape, and its maximum inner diameter is 8.0 mm, and the inner volume is 0.5 cc.
  • the distance between electrodes, or the arc length is 5.0 mm.
  • the discharge tube is filled with 0.5 mg of DyI 3 , 0.5 mg of LuI 3 , 0.5 mg of NdI 3 , 0.4 mg of CsI, 10.0 mg of mercury as buffer gas, and 26.6 kPa (200 Torr) of Ar as starting rare gas.
  • the metal halide lamp was incorporated into an illumination optical apparatus shown in Fig. 2 after combined with a concave reflector 5.
  • An image display apparatus was made up using this illumination optical apparatus as its light source part, and the emission spectrum of the lamp was evaluated.
  • the distribution at various position on the screen was measured to calculate the color temperature of those points by scanning the photosensor along the diagonal of the screen from the center to the periphery.
  • the lamp was operated at the lamp power of 150 W, lamp voltage of 90 V, and lamp current of 1.7 A.
  • curve 1 denotes the color temperature distribution on the screen with the lamp of the embodiment
  • curve 2 is that for the DyI 3 -NdI 3 -CsI lamp fabricated for comparison.
  • Fig. 6 is the graph of color temperature versus relative distance from the screen center, being the screen edge set to 1. These two lamps were identical except for the sealed material. In the case with the conventional lamp sealed with DyI 3 , NdI 3 , and CsI, the color temperature of the center and periphery on the screen was 7100K and 5600K, respectively so and the difference between the center and edge was 1500K.
  • the color temperature of the screen center was 6500K, and the peripheral color temperature was 6200K, so the difference was as small as 300K.
  • the uniformity of color temperature distribution on the screen was substantially improved.
  • the brightness of the screen was exactly the same either at the center or the periphery in both lamps.
  • the volume of discharge tube must be 0.4 cc or larger to 2.0 cc or smaller. If the volume is smaller than 0.4 cc, the liquid iodides deposit on the entire inner surface of the tube during the lamp is operating, which leads to the significant decrease in brightness. When the inner volume is larger than 2.0 cc, the area of the lowest temperature spreads, and hence larger amount of iodides becomes necessary. It was found the weight of the cesium iodide is required to be 15% or more and 50% or less of the total iodides weight filled in the discharge tube same as in embodiments 1 and 2.
  • the lamp electric power per distance between electrodes should be 20 W/mm or more. If the lamp electric power per distance between electrodes is small than 20 W/mm, the coldest temperature in the lamp decreases so that sufficient metal halide vapor pressure cannot be obtained. To the contrary, lamp electric power per arc length larger than 60 W/mm, make the lamp temperature climb up so much extent that the lamp life is shortened.
  • iodides were used as the halides, but same effects of the invention were confirmed for bromides or mixture of iodides and bromides.
  • the effects of the invention were confirmed for the metal halide lamps of single tube structure without outer tube, but the effects of the invention are not limited to the single tube structure, but are also confirmed for the metal halide lamp in the structure with an outer tube.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Metalihalogenidlampe, die
    einen lichttransparenten Behälter, der ein Paar Elektroden besitzt, aufweist,
    wobei mindestens Gadoliniumhalogenid (GdX3), Lutetiumhalogenid (LuX3) und Cäsiumhalogenid (CsX), unter Verwendung von lod oder Brom oder deren Mischung als Halogen, in den lichttransparenten Behälter eingefüllt sind, und zwar zusammen mit Quecksilber und einem Start-Edelgas.
  2. Metallhalogenidlampe nach Anspruch 1, wobei
    das Gesamtgewicht des Gadoliniumhalogenids, des Lutetiumhalogenids und des Cäsiumhalogenids pro Volumeneinheit des lichttransparenten Behälters 1 mg/cc oder mehr beträgt,
    das Gewicht des Cäsiumhalogenids in dem Gesamgewicht der Halogenide in dem Bereich von 15% bis 50% und
    das Gewichtsverhältnis von Gadoliniumhalogenid und Lutetiumhalogenid in einem Bereich von 0,1 ≤ GdX3/LuX3 ≤ 10 liegt.
  3. Metallhalogenidlampe gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei
    mindestens eines des Dysprosiumhalogenids und des Thalliumhalogenids, unter Verwendung von lod oder Brom oder deren Mischung als Halogene, in dem lichttransparenten Behälter zusätzlich zu den obigen Halogeniden eingedichtet ist.
  4. Metallhalogenidlampe gemäß Anspruch 3, wobei
    das Gesamtgewicht der Halogenide pro Volumeneinheit des lichttransparenten Behälters 1 mg/cc oder mehr beträgt,
    wobei das Gewicht an Cäsiumhalogenid in dem Gesamtgewicht der Halogenide in dem Bereich von 15% bis 50% liegt.
  5. Metallhalogenidlampe, die
    einen lichttransparenten Behälter aufweist, der ein Paar Elektroden besitzt, wobei
    mindestens Dysprosiumhalogenid (DyX3), Lutetiumhalogenid (LuX3), Neodymhalogenid (NdX3) und Cäsiumhalogenid (CsX), unter Verwendung von lod oder Brom oder deren Mischung als Halogen, in den lichttransparenten Behälter, zusammen mit Quecksilber und einem Start-Edelgas, eingedichtet sind.
  6. Metallhalogenidlampe nach Anspruch 5, wobei
    die elektrische Leistung der Lampe pro Abstand zwischen den Elektroden 20 W/mm oder mehr beträgt,
    das Gesamtgewicht des Dyprosiumhalogenids, des Lutetiumhalogenids, des Neodymhalogenids und des Cäsiumhalogenids pro Volumeneinheit des lichttransparenten Behälters 1 mg/cc oder mehr beträgt,
    das Gewicht an Cäsiumhalogenid in dem Gesamtgewicht der Halogenide im Bereich von 15% bis 50% beträgt.
  7. Optisches Beleuchtungsgerät, das eine Metallhalogenidlampe gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 als eine Lichtquelle aufweist, und
    einen konkaven Reflektor, wobei die Metallhalogenidlampe in einer Art und Weise positioniert ist, daß eine Lichtbogenachse der Metallhalogenidlampe auf einer optischen Achse des konkaven Refleketors liegt.
  8. Ein Anzeigesystem, das ein optisches Beleuchtungsgerät nach Anspruch 7 und
    eine ein Bild bildende Einheit, die ein Bild unter Verwendung des optischen Beleuchtungsgeräts als einen Teil einer Lichtquelle verwendet,
    aufweist.
EP94110830A 1993-07-13 1994-07-12 Metall-Halogen Entladungslampe, optischer Beleuchtungsapparat und Bildvorführungssystem Expired - Lifetime EP0634780B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP17278993 1993-07-13
JP172790/93 1993-07-13
JP172789/93 1993-07-13
JP17279093 1993-07-13
JP221611/93 1993-09-07
JP22161193 1993-09-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0634780A1 EP0634780A1 (de) 1995-01-18
EP0634780B1 true EP0634780B1 (de) 1997-01-08

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94110830A Expired - Lifetime EP0634780B1 (de) 1993-07-13 1994-07-12 Metall-Halogen Entladungslampe, optischer Beleuchtungsapparat und Bildvorführungssystem

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US (1) US5512800A (de)
EP (1) EP0634780B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69401394T2 (de)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7486026B2 (en) 2006-11-09 2009-02-03 General Electric Company Discharge lamp with high color temperature

Families Citing this family (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6005346A (en) * 1996-04-08 1999-12-21 Ilc Technology, Inc. Trichrominance metal halide lamp for use with twisted nematic subtractive color light valves
JPH1154091A (ja) * 1997-07-31 1999-02-26 Matsushita Electron Corp マイクロ波放電ランプ
US6731068B2 (en) * 2001-12-03 2004-05-04 General Electric Company Ceramic metal halide lamp
DE102008049476A1 (de) * 2008-09-29 2010-04-01 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Hochdruckentladungslampe
DE102011077302A1 (de) * 2011-06-09 2012-12-13 Osram Ag Hochdruckentladungslampe

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3842307A (en) * 1971-02-11 1974-10-15 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp with metal halide additives
US3761758A (en) * 1972-01-27 1973-09-25 Gte Sylvania Inc Metal halide lamp containing mercury, light emitting metal, sodium and another alkali metal
DD144479A1 (de) * 1979-06-29 1980-10-15 Amlong Uwe Jens Elektrische entladungslampe fuer bestrahlungszwecke
DE3506295A1 (de) * 1985-02-22 1986-08-28 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, 8000 München Kompakte hochdruckentladungslampe
JPS631937A (ja) * 1986-06-23 1988-01-06 Hitachi Ltd 分光分析装置
US4801846A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-01-31 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Rare earth halide light source with enhanced red emission
US4978884A (en) * 1988-05-19 1990-12-18 U.S. Phillips Corporation Metal halide discharge lamp having low color temperature and improved color rendition
JP2650463B2 (ja) * 1989-05-31 1997-09-03 岩崎電気株式会社 メタルハライドランプ
DE4013039A1 (de) * 1990-04-24 1991-10-31 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Hochdruckentladungslampe
US5220237A (en) * 1990-05-31 1993-06-15 Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. Metal halide lamp apparatus
DE4030202A1 (de) * 1990-09-24 1992-03-26 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Metallhalogenid-hochdruckentladungslampe

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7486026B2 (en) 2006-11-09 2009-02-03 General Electric Company Discharge lamp with high color temperature

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EP0634780A1 (de) 1995-01-18
DE69401394T2 (de) 1997-04-24
DE69401394D1 (de) 1997-02-20
US5512800A (en) 1996-04-30

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