EP0634058A1 - Directional antenna, in particular a dipole antenna. - Google Patents

Directional antenna, in particular a dipole antenna.

Info

Publication number
EP0634058A1
EP0634058A1 EP94906193A EP94906193A EP0634058A1 EP 0634058 A1 EP0634058 A1 EP 0634058A1 EP 94906193 A EP94906193 A EP 94906193A EP 94906193 A EP94906193 A EP 94906193A EP 0634058 A1 EP0634058 A1 EP 0634058A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
dipole
directional antenna
antenna according
dipoles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94906193A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0634058B1 (en
Inventor
Georg Klinger
Max Goettl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kathrein SE
Original Assignee
Kathrein Werke KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kathrein Werke KG filed Critical Kathrein Werke KG
Publication of EP0634058A1 publication Critical patent/EP0634058A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0634058B1 publication Critical patent/EP0634058B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a directional antenna, in particular a dipole antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Dipole antennas are often used as symmetrically fed directional antennas. In principle, it is a horizontal or vertical, symmetrical linear antenna fed in the middle, depending on the polarization of the electromagnetic waves. With dipoles arranged offset by 90 ° to one another, a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave can ultimately also be generated.
  • the directional antenna consisting of one or more dipoles usually comprises one or more radiators, which essentially consist of the two dipole halves and the so-called symmetry loop, via which the dipole, which generally consists of the two rod halves, is offset with an offset the reflector wall supporting it is offset essentially parallel, but is also oriented in an angular form.
  • a directional antenna according to the prior art formed from a dipole antenna, or dipole field for short, is explained with reference to FIGS. 10a to 10c.
  • the directional antenna shown in FIGS. 10a to 10c comprises a dipole field 1 with z. B. two dipoles 3, which are arranged in front of a conductive, flat or shaped reflector 5 at a distance from it.
  • the arrangement thus comprises two radiators 2, which are arranged at a distance a in parallel alignment with one another and with an offset b in front of the reflector wall.
  • the two dipoles 3 shown in FIGS. 10a to 10c are held and fastened to the reflector 5 by means of a so-called symmetrization 7, which usually consist of two holding rods 7 'running vertically to the reflector wall 5 and carrying the dipoles 3.
  • symmetrization 7 usually consist of two holding rods 7 'running vertically to the reflector wall 5 and carrying the dipoles 3.
  • Rado 9 that is, a so-called protective housing.
  • the radiation diagram in the E and H planes of a dipole field is essentially determined by the shape and the mechanical dimensions of the reflector and the number and arrangement of the dipoles.
  • both the reflector width c i.e. the width of the reflector wall 5, as well as the distances a for the lateral offset transversely to the parallel dipoles 3 and the distance b from the dipoles to the reflector 5 can be varied.
  • Directional antennas are used for the current mobile radio networks used with vertical polarization, which have a horizontal directional characteristic of approximately 60 ° to 120 ° at the 3 dB point. These values can be achieved with one or two radiators in the arrangement shown. However, the arrangement of the dipoles 3, the symmetry loop 7 and including the connection point 11 of the symmetry loop 7 on the reflector 5, the so-called base point 11, and the pre-offset must be optimized for each desired half-value range.
  • the dipole antennas described in accordance with the prior art each comprise a plurality of individual parts which then have to be mechanically connected to one another. This is done through the common connection methods, such as. B. screws, welding, soldering.
  • the individual components for the dipole rods, the symmetry loop and the connection points 11 for attachment to the reflector can be tubular, flat or else shaped depending on requirements.
  • the individual parts are manufactured with the usual manufacturing tolerances. This also applies to the assembly in the assembled state.
  • connection points can also have retrospective effects on the antenna function. If several RF carrier frequencies are present at the individual connection points of the individual parts at the same time, they can mix with non-linearities and generate intermodulation products which have a disruptive effect on the operation of a mobile radio network. This effect can be exacerbated by contact corrosion in the case of unfavorable material pairing and a long period of use.
  • a generic dipole arrangement has become known from DE 91 04 722 Ul.
  • the dipole halves and the support struts carrying the dipole halves that is to say the so-called symmetry, be used as a uniform stamped and bent part is made of sheet metal, preferably of aluminum sheet.
  • the dipole halves are U-shaped and open to the reflector. Adequate stiffening of the support struts is to be achieved by suitable sheet metal deformations, such as embossing, beads, folding, etc.
  • the support struts are provided with corresponding bores in order to be able to screw the dipole produced in this way onto the reflector.
  • the dipole is attached to the reflector by means of screws.
  • holes are drilled at the foot of the support struts, whereby the screws mentioned for the fixed attachment of the dipole on the reflector can be passed and tightened on the reflector.
  • This mechanical connection has the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a directional antenna, in particular a dipole antenna, which is comparatively simple to produce compared to the prior art and also has improved electrical properties.
  • the present invention achieves significant improvements over the prior art with surprisingly simple means.
  • the invention provides that the dipoles of the dipole antenna, including the so-called symmetry loop, i.e. That is, the holding struts for the dipoles are cut out of the material of the reflector wall, for example, are punched out, and this only leaving an electrically conductive connection point to the remaining material of the reflector wall.
  • the dipole antenna is then simply folded out, i.e. Bending out or edges of the spotlight, including the dipole, with the formation of the so-called base point at the connection point from the spotlight to the reflector wall.
  • a laborious, time-consuming assembly of various individual parts which results in problems with the tolerances to be observed, is no longer necessary.
  • the contour cuts can be exactly reproduced with high-precision tools, for example in the form of a computer-controlled laser or with the use of a coordinate punching tool with tight tolerances.
  • the radiator and reflector consist of identical material. Thereby above all, possible contact corrosion can be avoided.
  • the alignment of the radiator with respect to the plane of the reflector can be carried out at different angles. This allows a problem-free adaptation to a desired dipole field on the one hand and on the other hand enables a particularly flat design.
  • Directional diagrams with half-widths of approximately 60 to 120 ° can be realized solely by means of different bending angles.
  • a very flat construction of such a dipole antenna can be realized. Due to a V-shaped course of the symmetry, an electrical length of approximately ⁇ / 4 is achieved, although the dipole is at a distance of approximately ⁇ / 8 from the reflector, for example.
  • a feed can take place, for example, with a coaxial cable or else with a strip line, with one half of the balancing loop and the reflector being able to be used as an outer conductor.
  • Figure la to lc a schematic plan view and long side and transverse side view of a first exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 1 d a partially simplified perspective view of a radiator folded out of the reflector
  • FIG. 2 shows a transverse or end view of a radiator oriented at a different angle with respect to the reflector wall
  • FIG. 3 shows a further transverse side or front side view with the dipole antenna housed in a closed radome
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b show a schematic top view and a transverse side view of a dipole antenna including a feed of the dipoles using stripline technology
  • FIG. 5 shows a transverse or end view of an exemplary embodiment of a dipole antenna modified from FIG. 4b;
  • FIG. 6a and 6b show a top view and a transverse or end view of a dipole antenna with a feeding of the dipoles in strip line technology with carrier substrate;
  • FIG. 7 shows a transverse or end view of a dipole antenna modified compared to FIG. 6b;
  • 8a and 8b show a top view and a transverse or end view of a dipole antenna with a feed of the dipoles in coaxial technology
  • FIG. 9 shows a transverse or end view of a dipole modified from FIG. 8b
  • Figures 10a to 10c a plan view, long side and transverse side view of a dipole antenna according to the prior art.
  • the material of the reflector 5 is, for example by means of a computer-controlled laser or a coordinate punching tool, the essentially L-shaped form of a dipole 3 with the respective two parts of the dipole assigned symmetry 7 and punched out at the connection point 11 to the reflector wall, ie at the base, by bending or edging according to the desired bending angle ⁇ .
  • the angle ⁇ is approximately 30 to 60 °.
  • an opening 13 is thereby left in the reflector field 5 in the area of the punched out, which but generally does not necessarily have to be disadvantageous for the transmitting and receiving function of the directional antenna in general, it may even have advantages.
  • the forward / backward ratio of the dipole field can be influenced by targeted dimensioning of the punched-out shape in the form of the opening 13.
  • the opening 13 could also be closed with electrically conductive material without problems, for example by gluing on a metal foil, the metal foil being able to be provided with a metal layer formed on the rear side without making a galvanic contact with the reflector plate.
  • a specific horizontal radiation diagram can be set by changing the distance between the two dipoles and by changing the bending angle and thus changing the distance of the dipoles 3 from the plane of the reflector 5.
  • an adjustment of the radiation diagram can be made possible only by changing the bending angle ⁇ .
  • the production of a directional antenna with different geometrical dimensions that is to say a different size for the distance a between the dipoles and a different length of the dipoles, can be made possible only by changing the desired data in the computer-controlled laser or by changing the punching tool.
  • the opening 13 in the reflector 5 itself which is created by the cutting or punching out, has not been shown in the plan view according to FIG. Reference is made here to the partial representation according to FIG. 1d.
  • the symmetry loop 7 that is to say specifically the two band-shaped or strip-shaped halves of the symmetry loop 7 running parallel, can be designed with a lower wall section 7a connecting these two halves. This opens up the possibility, after punching out or cutting out the dipoles 3 with the symmetry loop 7, to bend them out about the common bending line 11 relative to the plane of the reflector 5.
  • the two halves of the symmetry loop 7 can be punched out individually and each bent out and set up via a separate bending line 11 at the base point opposite the plane of the reflector 5 (in FIG 1 e.g. dotted).
  • the bending line 11 is then aligned with the transverse cutting or punching line lying between the two halves of the symmetry loop 7, which lies in the plane of the reflector, provided that this is introduced and provided at all.
  • FIG. 3 shows that, in principle, the dipole antenna according to the invention is also arranged in a closed radome 15 as a protective housing.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b and according to FIG. 5 corresponds essentially to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1a to 1d or FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. 4a, 4b and 5 a possible feeding of the dipole using a strip line 17 is in principle shown.
  • One half 7a of the symmetry loop 7 and the reflector 5 are used as outer conductors.
  • the connecting conductor 17 ' is laid in the middle at a short distance above the reflector plate 5 which represents the outer conductor.
  • the strip line 17 'then branches at a branching point 23 between the two halves 7a of the respective symmetry 7 facing each other.
  • the line runs at a small uniform distance d above the associated half 7a of the symmetry 7, ie preferably at the same angle ⁇ with respect to the plane of the reflector.
  • an angled line piece 17 "then connects, which connects to the adjacent part from the other half of the balancing 7 to the associated part of the dipole extending angled line section 11 ′′ passes over, thereby defining the actual feed point 23.
  • the branching point 23 lies approximately at the level of the opposite dipoles 3 of the two radiators 2.
  • a vertical intermediate line extends here from the connection side 17 'which is laid in a parallel distance above the reflector 5 18 in parallel alignment between the two halves of the symmetry 7 to the high branch point 23.
  • the dipoles 3 are also fed using stripline technology, using a carrier substrate 25.
  • the carrier substrate 25 is anchored in a mechanically overlying manner, in particular at a bending angle ⁇ of less than 90 ° between the two opposite symmetries 7 of the two dipoles 3 shown in the figures (for example via an insulating fixing 27 made of plastic).
  • the strip line 17 with the connecting conductor 17 ' is formed on this carrier substrate 25, from whose branching point 23 the connecting lines 17' then lead to the respective feed point of the two dipoles 3.
  • the carrier substrate 25 can also be attached at a greater distance from the reflector wall 5, for example at least approximately at the height of the dipoles 3 or slightly below, by means of the fixation 27.
  • the line course corresponds essentially to the embodiment shown in strip line technology according to FIGS. 4a, 4b and 5, the outer conductors 17a of the two coaxial connecting conductors 17 'ending approximately at the level of the dipoles and the outer conductors 17a here separately on the respective half 7a of the symmetry 7 are conductively connected, while the inner conductor 17b leads via the subsequent conductor pieces 17 ′′ and 17 ′′ ′′ to the respective feed point 23 at the transition from the other half of the symmetry 7 to the associated part of the dipole 3 originating therefrom.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

In order to produce a directional antenna which is superior to those of the prior art, and especially a dipole antenna which is easier to manufacture and of simpler design, and also has enhanced electrical properties, the dipole with its circuit balancing element (7) according to the invention is made of the material of the reflector (5). The dipole and the circuit balancing element (7) project from the reflector wall (5) through corresponding areas which are cut out and/or punched out, up to a region (11) where they join with the remaining material of the reflector wall (5), and are preferably bent outwardly in relation to the plane of the reflector wall in the region of the point (11) where they immediately join with the remaining material of the reflector wall (5).

Description

Richtantenne, insbesondere DipolantenneDirectional antenna, especially dipole antenna
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Richtantenne, insbesondere Dipolantenne nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a directional antenna, in particular a dipole antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
Dipolantennen werden häufig als symmetrisch angespeiste Richtantennen verwandt. Es handelt sich vom Prinzip her um eine je nach Polarisation der elektromagnetischen Wellen horizontale oder vertikale, symmetrische, in der Mitte gespeiste Linearantenne. Bei um 90° versetzt zueinander angeordnete Dipolen kann letztlich auch eine zirkulär po¬ larisierte elektromagnetische Welle erzeugt werden.Dipole antennas are often used as symmetrically fed directional antennas. In principle, it is a horizontal or vertical, symmetrical linear antenna fed in the middle, depending on the polarization of the electromagnetic waves. With dipoles arranged offset by 90 ° to one another, a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave can ultimately also be generated.
Die aus einem oder mehreren Dipolen bestehende Richtan¬ tenne umfaßt dabei üblicherweise einen oder mehrere Strah¬ ler, die im wesentlichen aus den beiden Dipolhälften und der sog. Symmetrierschleife bestehen, worüber der in der Regel aus den beiden Stabhälften bestehende Dipol mit Vor¬ versatz zur der ihn tragenden Reflektorwand versetzt aber im wesentlichen parallel, aber auch in winkeliger Form dazu ausgerichtet ist. Eine aus einer Dipolantenne, kurz Dipolfeld genannt, ge¬ bildete Richtantenne nach dem Stand der Technik wird unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren 10a bis 10c erläutert.The directional antenna consisting of one or more dipoles usually comprises one or more radiators, which essentially consist of the two dipole halves and the so-called symmetry loop, via which the dipole, which generally consists of the two rod halves, is offset with an offset the reflector wall supporting it is offset essentially parallel, but is also oriented in an angular form. A directional antenna according to the prior art formed from a dipole antenna, or dipole field for short, is explained with reference to FIGS. 10a to 10c.
Die in den Figuren 10a bis 10c gezeigte Richtantenne um¬ faßt ein Dipolfeld 1 mit z. B. zwei Dipolen 3, die vor einem leitenden, ebenen oder geformten Reflektor 5 im Ab¬ stand dazu angeordnet sind. Im gezeigten Beispiel umfaßt die Anordnung also zwei Strahler 2 , die im Abstand a in paralleler Ausrichtung zueinander und mit einem Vorversatz b vor der Reflektorwand angeordnet sind.The directional antenna shown in FIGS. 10a to 10c comprises a dipole field 1 with z. B. two dipoles 3, which are arranged in front of a conductive, flat or shaped reflector 5 at a distance from it. In the example shown, the arrangement thus comprises two radiators 2, which are arranged at a distance a in parallel alignment with one another and with an offset b in front of the reflector wall.
Die beiden in Figur 10a bis 10c gezeigten Dipole 3 werden mittels einer sog. Symmetrierung 7 an dem Reflektor 5 ge- halten und befestigt, die üblicherweise aus zwei vertikal zur Reflektorwand 5 verlaufenden und die Dipole 3 tragen¬ den Haltestäben 7' bestehen.The two dipoles 3 shown in FIGS. 10a to 10c are held and fastened to the reflector 5 by means of a so-called symmetrization 7, which usually consist of two holding rods 7 'running vertically to the reflector wall 5 and carrying the dipoles 3.
Die gesamte Anordnung ist üblicherweise in einem sog. Rado 9, also einem sog. Schutzgehäuεe, geschützt unter¬ gebracht.The entire arrangement is usually protected in a so-called Rado 9, that is, a so-called protective housing.
Das Strahlungsdiagramm in der E- und H-Ebene eines Dipol¬ feldes ist im wesentlichen bestimmt durch die Formgebung und die mechanischen Abmessungen des Reflektors sowie der Anzahl und Anordnung der Dipole.The radiation diagram in the E and H planes of a dipole field is essentially determined by the shape and the mechanical dimensions of the reflector and the number and arrangement of the dipoles.
Um beispielsweise bei der gemäß Figur 10a bis 10c vorbe¬ kannten Dipolantenne verschiedene Richtcharakteristiken zu erreichen, kann sowohl die Reflektorbreite c, d.h. die Breite der Reflektorwand 5, als auch die Abstände a für den Seitenversatz quer zu den parallel ausgerichteten Dipolen 3 als auch der Abstand b von den Dipolen gegenüber dem Reflektor 5 variiert werden.In order, for example, to achieve different directional characteristics in the dipole antenna known according to FIGS. 10a to 10c, both the reflector width c, i.e. the width of the reflector wall 5, as well as the distances a for the lateral offset transversely to the parallel dipoles 3 and the distance b from the dipoles to the reflector 5 can be varied.
Für die derzeitigen Mobilfunknetze werden Richtantennen mit vertikaler Polarisation verwendet, die eine horizonta¬ le Richtcharakteristik von ca. 60° bis 120° am 3 dB Punkt haben. Diese Werte können mit einem oder zwei Strahlern in der gezeigten Anordnung verwirklicht werden. Allerdings muß die Anordnung der aus den Dipolen 3 , der Symmetrier- schleife 7 und einschließlich der Verbindungsstelle 11 der Symmetrierschleife 7 an dem Reflektor 5, dem sog. Fußpunkt 11 sowie der Vorversatz für jede gewünschte Halbwertsbrei¬ te optimiert werden.Directional antennas are used for the current mobile radio networks used with vertical polarization, which have a horizontal directional characteristic of approximately 60 ° to 120 ° at the 3 dB point. These values can be achieved with one or two radiators in the arrangement shown. However, the arrangement of the dipoles 3, the symmetry loop 7 and including the connection point 11 of the symmetry loop 7 on the reflector 5, the so-called base point 11, and the pre-offset must be optimized for each desired half-value range.
Dies heißt, daß bei der Realisierung einer Antennenfamilie nach gewünschter Halbwertsbreite unterschiedliche Strahler sowie verschiedene Positionierungen auf dem Reflektor benötigt werden.This means that when implementing an antenna family according to the desired half-value width, different radiators and different positions on the reflector are required.
Die nach dem Stand der Technik bekannten beschriebenen Dipolantennen umfassen dabei jeweils mehrere Einzelteile, die dann mechanisch miteinander verbunden werden müssen. Dies geschieht durch die gängigen Verbindungsverfahren, wie z. B. Schrauben, Schweißen, Löten. Die Einzelkomponen¬ ten für die Dipolstäbe, die Symmetrierschleife wie die Verbindungsstellen 11 zur Befestigung am Reflektor können rohrförmig, flächig oder auch ansonsten je nach Anforder¬ nissen geformt sein. Die Einzelteile sind mit den üblichen Fertigungstoleranzen hergestellt. Dies gilt gleichermaßen für die Baugruppe im zusammengefügten Zustand.The dipole antennas described in accordance with the prior art each comprise a plurality of individual parts which then have to be mechanically connected to one another. This is done through the common connection methods, such as. B. screws, welding, soldering. The individual components for the dipole rods, the symmetry loop and the connection points 11 for attachment to the reflector can be tubular, flat or else shaped depending on requirements. The individual parts are manufactured with the usual manufacturing tolerances. This also applies to the assembly in the assembled state.
Dabei muß bedacht werden, daß die fertigungstechnisch bedingten Toleranzen sich auch auf die elektrischen Ei- genschaften (z. B. VSWR) des Einzelstrahlers und bei einer Anordnung von mehreren Strahlern auf die Impedanz der ge¬ samten Antenne auswirken.It must be borne in mind that the tolerances caused by manufacturing technology also affect the electrical properties (eg VSWR) of the individual radiator and, in the case of an arrangement of several radiators, the impedance of the entire antenna.
Dies erfordert insbesondere für die Serienfertigung die Einhaltung enger Toleranzen, sowohl bei den Einzelteilen als auch bei den Baugruppen. Beim Zusammenbau der Einzelteile muß dabei ferner auch beachtet werden, daß mechanische Verbindungsstellen auch die Antennenfunktion nachträglich beeinflussende Wirkungen aufweisen können. Liegen nämlich an den einzelnen Verbin- dungsstellen der Einzelteile mehrere HF-Trägerfrequenzen gleichzeitig an, so können sie sich an Nicht-Linearitäten mischen und Intermodulationsprodukte erzeugen, die sich störend auf den Betrieb eines Mobilfunknetzes auswirken. Dieser Effekt kann bei ungünstiger Materialpaarung und langer Einsätzdauer noch durch Kontaktkorrosion verschärft werden.This requires close tolerances to be maintained, particularly for series production, both for the individual parts and for the assemblies. When assembling the individual parts, it must also be taken into account that mechanical connection points can also have retrospective effects on the antenna function. If several RF carrier frequencies are present at the individual connection points of the individual parts at the same time, they can mix with non-linearities and generate intermodulation products which have a disruptive effect on the operation of a mobile radio network. This effect can be exacerbated by contact corrosion in the case of unfavorable material pairing and a long period of use.
Eine gattungsbildende Dipolanordnung ist aus der DE 91 04 722 Ul bekannt geworden. Um eine Vereinfachung bezüglich des konstruktiven Aufbaus eines Dipoles zu schaffen und um dabei den Fertigungs- und den Materialaufwand zu senken, wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Dipolhälften und die die Di¬ polhälften tragenden Tragstreben, also die sogenannte Symmetrierung, als ein einheitliches Stanz- und Biegeteil aus Blech, vorzugsweise aus Aluminiumblech hergestellt wird. Dazu sind die Dipolhälten U-förmig gestaltet und zum Reflektor offen ausgebildet. Durch geeignete Blechverfor¬ mungen, wie Prägen, Sicken, Abkanten etc. soll eine aus¬ reichende Versteifung der Tragstreben erzielt werden.A generic dipole arrangement has become known from DE 91 04 722 Ul. In order to simplify the construction of a dipole and thereby to reduce the manufacturing and material costs, it is proposed that the dipole halves and the support struts carrying the dipole halves, that is to say the so-called symmetry, be used as a uniform stamped and bent part is made of sheet metal, preferably of aluminum sheet. For this purpose, the dipole halves are U-shaped and open to the reflector. Adequate stiffening of the support struts is to be achieved by suitable sheet metal deformations, such as embossing, beads, folding, etc.
An der Basis sind die Tragstreben mit entsprechenden Boh¬ rungen versehen, um den so hergestellten Dipol am Reflek¬ tor anschrauben zu können.At the base, the support struts are provided with corresponding bores in order to be able to screw the dipole produced in this way onto the reflector.
Der Anbau des Dipols am Reflektor erfolgt mittels Schrau¬ ben. Dazu sind am Fuß der Tragstreben Bohrungen einge¬ bracht, wodurch die erwähnten Schrauben zur festen Anbrin¬ gung des Dipols am Reflektor hindurchgeführt und am Re¬ flektor festgedreht werden können. Diese mechanische Ver- bindung weist aber die o.g. Nachteile auf. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es von daher, die Nachteile nach dem Stand der Technik zu überwinden und eine Richtantenne, insbesondere Dipolantenne zu schaffen, die gegenüber dem Stand der Technik vergleichsweise ein- fach herstellbar ist und zudem verbesserte elektrische Eigenschaften aufweist.The dipole is attached to the reflector by means of screws. For this purpose, holes are drilled at the foot of the support struts, whereby the screws mentioned for the fixed attachment of the dipole on the reflector can be passed and tightened on the reflector. However, this mechanical connection has the disadvantages mentioned above. The object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a directional antenna, in particular a dipole antenna, which is comparatively simple to produce compared to the prior art and also has improved electrical properties.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß entsprechend den im An¬ spruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Aus- gestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved according to the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Durch die vorliegende Erfindung werden mit überraschend einfachen Mitteln deutliche Verbesserungen gegenüber dem Stand der Technik erzielt.The present invention achieves significant improvements over the prior art with surprisingly simple means.
Zum einen ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß die Dipole der Dipolantenne einschließlich der sog. Symmetrier¬ schleife, d.h. also den Haltestreben für die Dipole aus dem Material der Reflektorwand ausgeschnitten, beispiels¬ weise ausgestanzt werden, und zwar lediglich unter Zurück¬ lassung einer eine elektrisch leitende Verbindungsstelle zum verbleibenden Material der Reflektorwand. Die Dipolan¬ tenne wird dann allein durch Herausklappen, d.h. Heraus- biegen oder Kanten, des Strahlers einschließlich des Di¬ pols unter Ausbildung des sog. Fußpunktes an der Verbin¬ dungsstelle vom Strahler zur Reflektorwand hergestellt. Ein umständliches, zeitaufwendiges und Probleme bei den einzuhaltenden Toleranzen ergebenes Zusammenbauen diverser Einzelteile ist nicht mehr erforderlich.On the one hand, the invention provides that the dipoles of the dipole antenna, including the so-called symmetry loop, i.e. That is, the holding struts for the dipoles are cut out of the material of the reflector wall, for example, are punched out, and this only leaving an electrically conductive connection point to the remaining material of the reflector wall. The dipole antenna is then simply folded out, i.e. Bending out or edges of the spotlight, including the dipole, with the formation of the so-called base point at the connection point from the spotlight to the reflector wall. A laborious, time-consuming assembly of various individual parts, which results in problems with the tolerances to be observed, is no longer necessary.
Dabei lassen sich die Konturεchnitte mit hochpräzisen Werkzeugen beispielsweise in Form eines rechnergesteuerten Lasers oder unter Einsatz eines Koordinatenstanzwerkzeuges mit engen Toleranzen exakt reproduzieren. Strahler und Re¬ flektor bestehen dabei aus identischem Werkstoff. Dadurch lassen sich vor allem auch schon mögliche Kontaktkorrosio- nen vermeiden.The contour cuts can be exactly reproduced with high-precision tools, for example in the form of a computer-controlled laser or with the use of a coordinate punching tool with tight tolerances. The radiator and reflector consist of identical material. Thereby above all, possible contact corrosion can be avoided.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist aber vor allem, daß keine mecha- nische Verbindungsstellen vorhanden sind, an denen die beim Stand der Technik beschriebenen Nachteile auftreten können.However, it is particularly advantageous that there are no mechanical connection points at which the disadvantages described in the prior art can occur.
Dabei kann die Ausrichtung des Strahlers gegenüber der Ebene des Reflektors in unterschiedlichen Winkeln vorge¬ nommen werden. Dies erlaubt eine problemlose Anpassung an ein gewünschtes Dipolfeld zum einen und ermöglicht zum anderen eine besonders flache Bauweise. Allein durch ver¬ schiedene Biegewinkel lassen sich Richtdiagramme mit Halb- wertsbreiten von ca. 60 bis 120° realisieren.The alignment of the radiator with respect to the plane of the reflector can be carried out at different angles. This allows a problem-free adaptation to a desired dipole field on the one hand and on the other hand enables a particularly flat design. Directional diagrams with half-widths of approximately 60 to 120 ° can be realized solely by means of different bending angles.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann dabei eine sehr flache Bauweise einer derartigen Dipolan¬ tenne realisiert werden. Aufgrund eines V-förmigen Ver- laufs der Symmetrierung wird eine elektrische Länge von ca. λ/4 erreicht, obwohl der Dipol vom Reflektor bei¬ spielsweise einen Abstand von ca. λ/8 hat.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a very flat construction of such a dipole antenna can be realized. Due to a V-shaped course of the symmetry, an electrical length of approximately λ / 4 is achieved, although the dipole is at a distance of approximately λ / 8 from the reflector, for example.
Da der Fußpunkt des Strahlers kontinuierlich leitend zum Reflektor übergeht, eignet sich dieses Bauprinzip insbe¬ sondere für die Einspeisung mittels StreifenleitungSince the base point of the radiator continuously changes to the reflector, this construction principle is particularly suitable for feeding by means of a strip line
Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung liegen in den vielfältigen Möglichkeiten der Einspeisung.Further advantages of the invention lie in the diverse possibilities of feeding.
Eine Einspeisung kann beispielsweise mit Koaxialkabel oder aber auch mit einer Streifenleitung erfolgen, wobei die eine Hälfte der Symmetrierschleife und des Reflektors als Außenleiter verwendet werden können.A feed can take place, for example, with a coaxial cable or else with a strip line, with one half of the balancing loop and the reflector being able to be used as an outer conductor.
Weitere Vorteile, Einzelheiten und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich nachfolgend aus den anhand von Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen. Dabei zeigen im ein¬ zelnen:Further advantages, details and features of the invention follow from the exemplary embodiments shown with reference to drawings. The individual show:
Figur la bis lc: eine schematische Draufsicht und Längsseiten- und Quersseitenan- sicht eines ersten Ausfüh¬ rungsbeispieles der Erfindung;Figure la to lc: a schematic plan view and long side and transverse side view of a first exemplary embodiment of the invention;
Figur 1 d: eine ausschnittsweise vereinfachte per¬ spektivische Darstellung eines aus dem Re¬ flektor herausgeklappten Strahlers;Figure 1 d: a partially simplified perspective view of a radiator folded out of the reflector;
Figur 2 eine Quer- oder Stirnseitenansicht eines in anderem Winkel gegenüber der Reflektor¬ wand ausgerichtet verlaufenden Strahlers;FIG. 2 shows a transverse or end view of a radiator oriented at a different angle with respect to the reflector wall;
Figur 3 eine weitere Querseiten- oder Stirnseiten¬ ansicht bei in einem geschlossenen Radom untergebrachten Dipolantenne;FIG. 3 shows a further transverse side or front side view with the dipole antenna housed in a closed radome;
Figur 4a und 4b eine schematische Draufsicht und Querseitenansicht auf eine Di¬ polantenne einschließlich einer Anspeisung der Dipole in Strei¬ fenleitertechnik;FIGS. 4a and 4b show a schematic top view and a transverse side view of a dipole antenna including a feed of the dipoles using stripline technology;
Figur 5 eine Quer- oder Stirnseitenansicht auf ein zu Figur 4b abgewandeltes Ausführungsbei¬ spiel einer Dipolantenne;FIG. 5 shows a transverse or end view of an exemplary embodiment of a dipole antenna modified from FIG. 4b;
Figur 6a und 6b eine Draufsicht und eine Quer¬ oder Stirnseitenansicht auf eine Dipolantenne mit einer Anspei¬ sung der Dipole in Streifenlei¬ tertechnik mit Trägersubstrat; Figur 7 eine Quer- oder Stirnseitenansicht einer gegenüber Figur 6b abgewandelten Dipolan¬ tenne;6a and 6b show a top view and a transverse or end view of a dipole antenna with a feeding of the dipoles in strip line technology with carrier substrate; FIG. 7 shows a transverse or end view of a dipole antenna modified compared to FIG. 6b;
Figur 8a und 8b eine Draufsicht und eine Quer¬ oder Stirnseitenansicht auf eine Dipolantenne mit einer Einspei¬ sung der Dipole in Koaxialtech¬ nik;8a and 8b show a top view and a transverse or end view of a dipole antenna with a feed of the dipoles in coaxial technology;
Figur 9 eine Quer- oder Stirnseitenansicht auf einen zu Figur 8b abgewandelten Dipol;FIG. 9 shows a transverse or end view of a dipole modified from FIG. 8b;
Figur 10a bis 10c eine Draufsicht, Längsseiten- und Querseitenansicht auf eine Dipolantenne nach dem Stand der Technik.Figures 10a to 10c a plan view, long side and transverse side view of a dipole antenna according to the prior art.
In Figur la bis ld wird ein erstes erfindungsgemäßes Aus- führungsbeispiel für eine Richtantenne, d.h. eine Dipolan¬ tenne, mit zwei Dipolen gezeigt.A first exemplary embodiment according to the invention for a directional antenna, i. a dipole antenna, shown with two dipoles.
Wie aus der schematischen perspektivischen Darstellung gemäß Figur ld hervorgeht, ist aus dem Material des Re- flektors 5 beispielsweise mittels eines rechnergesteuerten Lasers oder eines Koordinatenεtanzwerkzeuges die im we¬ sentlichen L-förmige Form eines Dipols 3 mit der den je¬ weiligen beiden Teilen des Dipols zugeordneten Symmetrie¬ rung 7 ausgestanzt und an der Verbindungsstelle 11 zur Reflektorwand, also am Fußpunkt, durch Biegung oder Kan¬ tung entsprechend dem gewünschten Biegewinkel α aufge¬ stellt. Der Winkel α beträgt beispielsweise in dem Aus- führungsbeispiel gemäß Figur la bis ld etwa 30 bis 60°.As can be seen from the schematic perspective illustration according to FIG. 1d, the material of the reflector 5 is, for example by means of a computer-controlled laser or a coordinate punching tool, the essentially L-shaped form of a dipole 3 with the respective two parts of the dipole assigned symmetry 7 and punched out at the connection point 11 to the reflector wall, ie at the base, by bending or edging according to the desired bending angle α. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 a to 1 d, the angle α is approximately 30 to 60 °.
Gemäß Figur ld wird dadurch im Bereich der Ausstanzung eine Öffnung 13 im Reflektorfeld 5 zurückgelassen, was aber grundsätzlich für die Sende- und Empfangsfunktion der Richtantenne im allgemeinen nicht unbedingt nachteilig sein muß, ja sogar Vorteile aufweisen kann. Durch gezielte Dimensionierung der Ausstanzung in Form der Öffnung 13 kann das Vor-/Rückverhältnis des Dipolfeldes beeinflußt werden.According to FIG. 1d, an opening 13 is thereby left in the reflector field 5 in the area of the punched out, which but generally does not necessarily have to be disadvantageous for the transmitting and receiving function of the directional antenna in general, it may even have advantages. The forward / backward ratio of the dipole field can be influenced by targeted dimensioning of the punched-out shape in the form of the opening 13.
Bei Bedarf allerdings könnte die Öffnung 13 problemlos auch mit elektrisch leitendem Material geschlossen werden, beispielsweise durch Aufkleben einer Metallfolie, wobei die Metallfolie mit einer auf der rückwärtigen Seite ge¬ bildeten Metallschicht versehen sein kann, ohne darüber einen galvanischen Kontakt zum Reflektorblech herzustel¬ len.If necessary, however, the opening 13 could also be closed with electrically conductive material without problems, for example by gluing on a metal foil, the metal foil being able to be provided with a metal layer formed on the rear side without making a galvanic contact with the reflector plate.
Durch Veränderung des Abstandes zwischen den beiden Dipo¬ len sowie durch Veränderung des Biegewinkels und damit Veränderung des Abstandes der Dipole 3 zur Ebene des Re¬ flektors 5 kann ein bestimmtes horizontales Strahlungsdia- gramm eingestellt werden. Mit anderen Worten kann eine Anpassung des Strahlendiagramms allein durch Änderung des Aufbiegewinkels α ermöglicht werden.A specific horizontal radiation diagram can be set by changing the distance between the two dipoles and by changing the bending angle and thus changing the distance of the dipoles 3 from the plane of the reflector 5. In other words, an adjustment of the radiation diagram can be made possible only by changing the bending angle α.
Darüber hinaus kann bei Bedarf die Herstellung einer Richtantenne mit anderen geometrischen Maßen, also anderer Größe für den Abstand a zwischen den Dipolen und anderer Länge der Dipole allein nur durch Änderung der gewünschten Daten in den rechnergesteuerten Laser oder durch Auswechs¬ lung des Stanzwerkzeuges ermöglicht werden.In addition, if required, the production of a directional antenna with different geometrical dimensions, that is to say a different size for the distance a between the dipoles and a different length of the dipoles, can be made possible only by changing the desired data in the computer-controlled laser or by changing the punching tool.
Der Einfachheit halber ist bei der Draufsicht gemäß Figur la die im Reflektor 5 an sich durch die Ausschneidung oder Ausstanzung entstehende Öffnung 13 nicht gezeigt worden. Hierbei wird auf die ausschnittsweise Darstellung gemäß Figur ld verwiesen. Wie aus der Figur ld ersichtlich ist, kann die Symmetrier¬ schleife 7, d.h. im konkreten die beiden parallel verlau¬ fenden band- oder streifenförmigen Hälften der Symmetrier¬ schleife 7, mit einem diese beiden Hälften verbindenden unteren Wandabschnitt 7a ausgestaltet sein. Dies eröffnet die Möglichkeit, nach entsprechender Ausstanzung bzw. dem Ausschneiden der Dipole 3 mit der Symmetrierschleife 7 diese um die gemeinsame Biegelinie 11 gegenüber der Ebene des Reflektors 5 herauszubiegen. Abweichend davon können - wie in den anderen nur schematisch wiedergegebenen Figu¬ ren gezeigt ist - die beiden Hälften der Symmetrierschlei¬ fe 7 einzeln ausgestanzt und jeweils über eine separate am Fußpunkt liegende Biegelinie 11 gegenüber der Ebene des Reflektors 5 herausgebogen und aufgestellt sein (in Figur 1 z. B. punktiert eingezeichnet). Die Biegelinie 11 fluch¬ tet dann mit der zwischen den beiden Hälften der Symme¬ trierschleife 7 liegenden quer verlaufenden Schneid- oder Stanzlinie, die in der Ebene des Reflektors liegt, sofern diese überhaupt eingebracht und vorgesehen ist.For the sake of simplicity, the opening 13 in the reflector 5 itself, which is created by the cutting or punching out, has not been shown in the plan view according to FIG. Reference is made here to the partial representation according to FIG. 1d. As can be seen from FIG. 1d, the symmetry loop 7, that is to say specifically the two band-shaped or strip-shaped halves of the symmetry loop 7 running parallel, can be designed with a lower wall section 7a connecting these two halves. This opens up the possibility, after punching out or cutting out the dipoles 3 with the symmetry loop 7, to bend them out about the common bending line 11 relative to the plane of the reflector 5. In a departure from this, as shown in the other figures shown only schematically, the two halves of the symmetry loop 7 can be punched out individually and each bent out and set up via a separate bending line 11 at the base point opposite the plane of the reflector 5 (in FIG 1 e.g. dotted). The bending line 11 is then aligned with the transverse cutting or punching line lying between the two halves of the symmetry loop 7, which lies in the plane of the reflector, provided that this is introduced and provided at all.
In Figur 2 ist in Abweichung zu Figur lc bei Quer- oder Stirnseitenansicht der Dipolantenne die Ausrichtung der Symmetrierschleife bei einem Biegewinkel a von 90°, also senkrecht zur Ebene der Reflektorwand, gezeigt.In FIG. 2, in deviation from FIG. 1c, the orientation of the symmetry loop at a bending angle a of 90 °, that is to say perpendicular to the plane of the reflector wall, is shown in a transverse or end view of the dipole antenna.
In Figur 3 ist gezeigt, daß grundsätzlich auch die erfin¬ dungsgemäße Dipolantenne in einem geschlossenen Radom 15 als Schutzgehäuse angeordnet ist.FIG. 3 shows that, in principle, the dipole antenna according to the invention is also arranged in a closed radome 15 as a protective housing.
Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den Figuren 4a und 4b sowie gemäß Figur 5 entspricht im wesentlichen dem Ausführungs- beiεpiel nach den Figuren la bis ld bzw. Figur 2. In Figur 4a, 4b und Figur 5 ist eine mögliche Anspeisung des Dipols unter Verwendung einer Streifenleitung 17 prinzipiell dargestellt. Dabei wird eine Hälfte 7a der Symmetrier¬ schleife 7 und der Reflektor 5 als Außenleiter verwendet. Beispielsweise in Parallelrichtung zu den Dipolen 3 ist in der Mitte dazu im geringen Abstand über dem den Außenlei¬ ter darstellenden Reflektorblech 5 der Anschlußleiter 17' verlegt. Zwischen den beiden zugewandt liegenden Hälften 7a der jeweiligen Symmetrierung 7 verzweigt sich dann an einem Verzweigungspunkt 23 die Streifenleitung 17'. Die Leitung verläuft dabei in einem geringen gleichförmigen Abstand d oberhalb der zugehörigen Hälfte 7a der Symme¬ trierung 7, also bevorzugt mit gleichem Winkel α gegenüber der Ebene des Reflektors. Am Übergang der einen Hälfte 7a der Symmetrierung 7 zum jeweils zugehörigen Teil des Di¬ pols 3 schließt sich dann ein abgewinkeltes Leitungsstück 17" an, welches am benachbarten Übergang von der anderen Hälfte der Symmetrierung 7 zum zugehörigen Teil des Dipols in ein auf diese Anschlußstelle zu verlaufendes abgewin¬ keltes Leitungsstück 11 ' ' ' übergeht. Hierdurch ist der eigentliche Anεpeisepunkt 23 festgelegt.The exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4a and 4b and according to FIG. 5 corresponds essentially to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1a to 1d or FIG. 2. In FIGS. 4a, 4b and 5, a possible feeding of the dipole using a strip line 17 is in principle shown. One half 7a of the symmetry loop 7 and the reflector 5 are used as outer conductors. For example, parallel to the dipoles 3, the connecting conductor 17 'is laid in the middle at a short distance above the reflector plate 5 which represents the outer conductor. The strip line 17 'then branches at a branching point 23 between the two halves 7a of the respective symmetry 7 facing each other. The line runs at a small uniform distance d above the associated half 7a of the symmetry 7, ie preferably at the same angle α with respect to the plane of the reflector. At the transition from the one half 7a of the balancing 7 to the respectively associated part of the dipole 3, an angled line piece 17 "then connects, which connects to the adjacent part from the other half of the balancing 7 to the associated part of the dipole extending angled line section 11 ″ passes over, thereby defining the actual feed point 23.
Im Falle des Ausführungsbeispieleε nach Figur 5 bei einem Biegewinkel α = 90" liegt der Verzweigungspunkt 23 etwa in Höhe der gegenüberliegenden Dipole 3 der beiden Strahler 2. Von dem in geringem Abstand in Parallellage über dem Reflektor 5 verlegten Anschlußseite 17' geht hier eine vertikale Zwischenleitung 18 in Parallelausrichtung zwi- sehen den beiden Hälften der Symmetrierung 7 zu dem hoch¬ liegenden Verzweigungspunkt 23.In the case of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 at a bending angle α = 90 ", the branching point 23 lies approximately at the level of the opposite dipoles 3 of the two radiators 2. A vertical intermediate line extends here from the connection side 17 'which is laid in a parallel distance above the reflector 5 18 in parallel alignment between the two halves of the symmetry 7 to the high branch point 23.
Die winkelförmige Verlegung der Streifenleiter 17" und 17"' erfolgt auch beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 5 im Prinzip ähnlich wie anhand der Figuren 4a und 4b erläu¬ tert.The angular laying of the strip conductors 17 "and 17" 'is also carried out in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 in a manner similar to that explained with reference to FIGS. 4a and 4b.
Bei dem nachfolgend anhand der Figuren 6a und 6b und 7 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel erfolgt eine Anspeisung der Dipole 3 ebenfalls in Streifenleitungstechnik, und zwar unter Verwendung eines Trägersubstrates 25. Das Trägersubstrat 25 ist insbesondere bei einem Biegewin¬ kel α kleiner als 90° zwischen den beiden gegenüberliegen¬ den Symmetrierungen 7 der in den Figuren gezeigten beiden Dipolen 3 mechanisch aufliegend verankert (beispielsweise über eine isolierende, aus Kunststoff bestehende Fixierung 27) . Auf diesem Trägersubstrat 25 ist die Streifenleitung 17 mit dem Anschlußleiter 17' ausgebildet, von dessen Verzweigungspunkt 23 aus dann die Anschlußleitungen 17' zum jeweiligen Anspeisepunkt der beiden Dipole 3 führen.In the exemplary embodiment shown below with reference to FIGS. 6a and 6b and 7, the dipoles 3 are also fed using stripline technology, using a carrier substrate 25. The carrier substrate 25 is anchored in a mechanically overlying manner, in particular at a bending angle α of less than 90 ° between the two opposite symmetries 7 of the two dipoles 3 shown in the figures (for example via an insulating fixing 27 made of plastic). The strip line 17 with the connecting conductor 17 'is formed on this carrier substrate 25, from whose branching point 23 the connecting lines 17' then lead to the respective feed point of the two dipoles 3.
Bei einem Biegewinkel von 90° (Figur 7) oder weniger kann das Trägersubstrat 25 auch in größerem Abstand zur Reflektorwand 5, beispielsweise zumindest in etwa in Höhe der Dipole 3 oder geringfügig darunter, mittels der Fixie- rung 27 verlaufend angebracht werden.With a bending angle of 90 ° (FIG. 7) or less, the carrier substrate 25 can also be attached at a greater distance from the reflector wall 5, for example at least approximately at the height of the dipoles 3 or slightly below, by means of the fixation 27.
Anhand der Ausführungsbeispiele gemäß Figuren 8a, 8b und 9 ist jener Fall gezeigt, bei welchem die Dipole 3 mit Ko¬ axialkabel angespeist werden. Der Leitungsverlauf ent- spricht insoweit im wesentlichen in Streifenleitertechnik ausgebildeten Auεführungsbeispiel gemäß den Figuren 4a, 4b und 5, wobei hier die Außenleiter 17a der beiden koaxialen Anschlußleiter 17' in etwa in Höhe der Dipole enden und die Außenleiter 17a hier separat an der jeweiligen Hälfte 7a der Symmetrierung 7 leitend angeschlossen sind, während der Innenleiter 17b über die nachfolgenden Leiterstücke 17" und 17''' zum jeweiligen Anspeiεpunkt 23 am Übergang der anderen Hälfte der Symmetrierung 7 zum zugehörigen Teil des davon ausgehenden Dipoles 3 führt. Based on the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 8a, 8b and 9, the case is shown in which the dipoles 3 are fed with coaxial cables. In this respect, the line course corresponds essentially to the embodiment shown in strip line technology according to FIGS. 4a, 4b and 5, the outer conductors 17a of the two coaxial connecting conductors 17 'ending approximately at the level of the dipoles and the outer conductors 17a here separately on the respective half 7a of the symmetry 7 are conductively connected, while the inner conductor 17b leads via the subsequent conductor pieces 17 ″ and 17 ″ ″ to the respective feed point 23 at the transition from the other half of the symmetry 7 to the associated part of the dipole 3 originating therefrom.

Claims

Ansprüche: Expectations:
1. Richtantenne, insbesondere Dipolantenne, mit zumindest einem Strahler (2) in Form eines Dipols (3) einschließlich einer zugehörigen, den Dipol (3) tragenden Symmetrierung (7) , worüber der zumindest eine Dipol (3) an einem Reflek¬ tor (5) gehalten ist, wobei die jweilige Dipolhälfte (3) mit dem zugehörigen Teil der Symmetrierung (7) einteilig ausgeführt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Dipol (3) einschließlich dessen Symmetrierung (7) aus dem Material des Reflektors (5) hergestellt ist, indem der Dipol (3) und die Symmetrierung (7) aus der Reflektorwand (5) durch entsprechende Einschnitte und/oder Ausstanzungen bis auf einen Verbindungsabschnitt (11) zum verbleibenden Material der Reflektorwand (5) herausgetrennt sind, und daß die Symmetrierung (7) gegenüber der Reflektorwand (5) winkelig herausgebogen ist.1. Directional antenna, in particular dipole antenna, with at least one radiator (2) in the form of a dipole (3) including an associated symmetry (7) carrying the dipole (3), via which the at least one dipole (3) on a reflector ( 5) is held, wherein the respective dipole half (3) with the associated part of the symmetry (7) is made in one piece, characterized in that the dipole (3) including its symmetry (7) is made of the material of the reflector (5) by separating the dipole (3) and the symmetry (7) from the reflector wall (5) by means of corresponding incisions and / or punched-out sections except for a connecting section (11) to the remaining material of the reflector wall (5), and that the symmetrization (7 ) is bent out at an angle to the reflector wall (5).
2. Richtantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Symmetrierung (7) im Bereich des Verbindungsab¬ schnittes (11) gegenüber der Ebene des verbleibenden Mate¬ rials der Reflektorwand (5) herausgebogen ist.2. Directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the symmetry (7) in the region of the Verbindungsab¬ section (11) relative to the plane of the remaining material of the reflector wall (5) is bent out.
3. Richtantenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß der Biegewinkel α 90° beträgt. 3. Directional antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the bending angle α is 90 °.
4. Richtantenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß der Biegewinkel 65° und weniger beträgt.4. Directional antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the bending angle is 65 ° and less.
5. Richtantenne nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Biegewinkel α kleiner als 45° ist.5. Directional antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that the bending angle α is less than 45 °.
6. Richtantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die im Bereich des herausgetrennten Strahlers (2) entstehende Öffnung (13) im Material des Reflektors (5) mittels einer elektrisch leitenden Schicht verschlossen ist.6. Directional antenna according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the opening (13) formed in the region of the separated radiator (2) in the material of the reflector (5) is closed by means of an electrically conductive layer.
7. Richtantenne nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrisch leitende Schicht aus einer Metallfolie besteht.7. Directional antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that the electrically conductive layer consists of a metal foil.
8. Richtantenne nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallfolie auf ihrer zum Material des Reflektors abgewandt liegenden Oberfläche mit der elektrisch leiten- den Metallschicht versehen ist.8. Directional antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that the metal foil is provided on its surface facing away from the material of the reflector with the electrically conductive metal layer.
9. Richtantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Richtcharakteristik der Dipolan¬ tenne durch Änderung des Biegewinkels (α) veränderbar iεt.9. Directional antenna according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the directional characteristic of the dipole antenna can be changed by changing the bending angle (α).
10. Richtantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese aus mehreren Dipolen (3) besteht und insgesamt einstückig gebildet ist.10. Directional antenna according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it consists of several dipoles (3) and is formed as a whole in one piece.
11. Richtantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dipole (3) mittels Streifen¬ leitung (17) angespeist sind, wobei die eine Hälfte (7a) der Symmetrierschleife (7) eines Dipols (3) sowie die Re¬ flektorwand (5) als Außenleiter verwendet werden.11. Directional antenna according to one of claims 1 to 10, da¬ characterized in that the dipoles (3) by means of strip line (17) are fed, with one half (7a) of the symmetry loop (7) of a dipole (3) and the reflector wall (5) can be used as an outer conductor.
12. Richtantenne nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Streifenleitung (17; 17', 17", 17''') in geringem Abstand (d) über den Reflektor (5) und der jeweils einen Hälfte (7a) der Symmetrierschleife (7) verläuft.12. Directional antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that the stripline (17; 17 ', 17 ", 17"") runs at a short distance (d) over the reflector (5) and each half (7a) of the symmetry loop (7).
13. Richtantenne nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Dipole (3) mittels einer auf einem Trä¬ gersubstrat (25) verlaufenden Streifenleitung angespeiεt sind.13. Directional antenna according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the dipoles (3) are fed by means of a strip line running on a carrier substrate (25).
14. Richtantenne nach Anspruch 13, dadurdch gekennzeich¬ net, daß das Trägersubstrat (25) für die Streifenleitung (17) mittels einer isolierenden Fixierung (27) an den Dipolen (3) im Seitenverεatz quer zur Ebene des Reflektors (5) angeordnet ist.14. Directional antenna according to claim 13, dadurdch gekennzeich¬ net that the carrier substrate (25) for the strip line (17) by means of an insulating fixation (27) on the dipoles (3) in Seitenverεatz is arranged transversely to the plane of the reflector (5).
15. Richtantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dipole mit Koaxial-Kabel (24) angespeist sind.15. Directional antenna according to one of claims 1 to 10, da¬ characterized in that the dipoles with coaxial cable (24) are fed.
16. Richtantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand zwischen den Dipolen (3) und der Reflektorwand (5) zumindest 10 %, vorzugsweise weniger als 30 %, 40 % oder in etwa 50 % der elektrischen Wellenlänge beträgt. 16. Directional antenna according to one of claims 1 to 15, da¬ characterized in that the distance between the dipoles (3) and the reflector wall (5) at least 10%, preferably less than 30%, 40% or about 50% of the electrical Wavelength.
EP94906193A 1993-02-02 1994-02-01 Directional antenna, in particular a dipole antenna Expired - Lifetime EP0634058B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4302905 1993-02-02
DE4302905A DE4302905C1 (en) 1993-02-02 1993-02-02 Directional antenna, pref. symmetrical dipole type - is formed by cutting and/or stamping out sections of reflector wall and bending remaining bridging piece
PCT/EP1994/000285 WO1994018719A1 (en) 1993-02-02 1994-02-01 Directional antenna, in particular a dipole antenna

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0634058A1 true EP0634058A1 (en) 1995-01-18
EP0634058B1 EP0634058B1 (en) 1997-08-06

Family

ID=6479453

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94906193A Expired - Lifetime EP0634058B1 (en) 1993-02-02 1994-02-01 Directional antenna, in particular a dipole antenna

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5532707A (en)
EP (1) EP0634058B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2131720C (en)
DE (2) DE4302905C1 (en)
DK (1) DK0634058T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2107811T3 (en)
FI (1) FI112726B (en)
WO (1) WO1994018719A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2131720C (en) 1999-11-16
EP0634058B1 (en) 1997-08-06
FI112726B (en) 2003-12-31
FI944542A0 (en) 1994-09-30
US5532707A (en) 1996-07-02
ES2107811T3 (en) 1997-12-01
DE59403614D1 (en) 1997-09-11
CA2131720A1 (en) 1994-08-18
DE4302905C1 (en) 1994-03-17
WO1994018719A1 (en) 1994-08-18
DK0634058T3 (en) 1998-02-23
FI944542A (en) 1994-09-30

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