EP0628325B1 - Atemschutzausrüstung - Google Patents

Atemschutzausrüstung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0628325B1
EP0628325B1 EP94401287A EP94401287A EP0628325B1 EP 0628325 B1 EP0628325 B1 EP 0628325B1 EP 94401287 A EP94401287 A EP 94401287A EP 94401287 A EP94401287 A EP 94401287A EP 0628325 B1 EP0628325 B1 EP 0628325B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mask
harness
equipment according
force
inflatable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94401287A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0628325A1 (de
Inventor
Fernand Bertheau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aerosystems SAS
Original Assignee
Intertechnique SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intertechnique SA filed Critical Intertechnique SA
Publication of EP0628325A1 publication Critical patent/EP0628325A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0628325B1 publication Critical patent/EP0628325B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/08—Component parts for gas-masks or gas-helmets, e.g. windows, straps, speech transmitters, signal-devices
    • A62B18/084—Means for fastening gas-masks to heads or helmets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to respiratory equipment comprising a respiratory mask, a harness allowing rapid fitting, and sometimes protective goggles against smoke.
  • Harnesses for quick-fit breathing masks are already known, having an extendable strap whose ends are connected to the mask and which include an element which can be inflated by a pressurized gas to lengthen the strap to a sufficient size to allow the user engaging the strap on the head and having manual control means allowing gas under pressure into the element to lengthen it and draining this element to allow the strap, due to its own elasticity, to apply against the head and hold the mask.
  • the pressurized gas is often oxygen which also supplies a demand and dilution regulator carried by the mask.
  • Airliners and pressurized cabin business aircraft are flying at increasingly higher altitudes. Above 40,000 feet (approximately 12,200 meters), the wearer of the mask must be immediately supplied with pressurized respiratory gas in the event of depressurization. To avoid breathing gas leaks between the mask cover and the skin, the harness must exert significant tension. When the plane flies in conditions such as the regulations require that the pilot or one of the pilots has the mask permanently on the face, this permanent wearing is a source of fatigue and discomfort. On the other hand, the mask being able to be used by the whole population of pilots, the harness is designed to guarantee the tightness of the mask on small heads and then leads to even greater clamping forces on the large heads.
  • harnesses have already been proposed comprising means making it possible to maintain, in the inflatable element, an intermediate pressure, called comfort.
  • document EP-A-0 288 391 describes a harness which, in a particular embodiment, also includes an altimetric valve automatically causing complete emptying of the inflatable element and consequently firm application of the mask to the face, without intervention of the carrier, in the event of depressurization.
  • the document EP-A-288.391 includes the characteristics of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the document US-A-5 036 846 also describes a harness having an inflatable element in which an intermediate residual comfort pressure can be maintained.
  • the harnesses according to these two documents have a limitation. They require manual adjustment of the residual pressure in the harness, which pressure also varies with the size of the user's head to obtain a given tightening.
  • the leaks caused for example by the porosity of the inflatable element and / or by a defect in the sealing of the valves, frequently cause a progressive reduction in the pressure in the inflatable element, therefore a progressive increase in the force d application to the face, which obliges the wearer of the harness to periodically reinflate the latter in order to have sufficient comfort.
  • the present invention aims in particular to provide a quick-fitting harness equipment requiring for its use a fewer number of manipulations than those previously known and in addition avoiding interventions intended to adjust the clamping force on the face to a value substantially constant, possibly adjustable, so as to ensure a good compromise between comfort and safety.
  • the invention provides head respiratory equipment comprising: a respiratory mask provided with a demand and dilution regulator connectable to a source of respiratory gas; an extendable harness, the ends of which are connected to the mask and which includes an element which is inflatable by the respiratory gas to lengthen it up to a sufficient size to allow the user to engage it on the head; and manual control means for admitting the pressurized breathing gas into the inflatable element to lengthen it and reducing the pressure in this element to allow the harness to be applied against the head and to apply the mask against the face, characterized in that it comprises automatic means for admitting pressurized gas into a component of the harness, from the gas source, and for discharging pressurized gas to the atmosphere from said component of the harness, controlled by a mask application force sensor on the face, so as to maintain a substantially constant application force, at least as long as the ambient pressure remains above a threshold, and possibly adjustable.
  • the term "harness” should be interpreted in a broad sense and as covering not only products whose inflatable element is constituted by a tubular strap, but also equivalent products, such as those using pneumatic cylinders connected to a cap. support on the head.
  • the component will be constituted by the inflatable element itself.
  • it may be an additional element, such as an inflatable mask edge bead or an occipital cushion interposed between the inflatable element (then provided so as to be able to take only the fully inflated state and the state drained) and head.
  • an inflatable mask edge bead or an occipital cushion interposed between the inflatable element (then provided so as to be able to take only the fully inflated state and the state drained) and head.
  • the equipment When the equipment is intended for an airplane that can reach an altitude higher than 40,000 feet (12,200 m), it is associated with a regulator capable of supplying, beyond 40,000 feet, oxygen under pressure.
  • the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the mask then tends to take off the latter and must be combated by an increased force of application on the face to avoid or minimize leakage.
  • the simple solution which consists in controlling the inflatable component of the harness so as to exert a constant force leads to choosing, for the latter, a value high enough to be sufficient in the event of depressurization at very high altitude. Comfort is notably reduced at lower altitudes.
  • the intake and exhaust means so that they regulate the pressure in the inflatable harness component to a value such that the force of application of the mask on the face is increased as and as the altitude increases, at least beyond a determined value, or so as to automatically cause the application of a maximum force in the event of depressurization.
  • This result can be achieved by using an altimetric capsule adding to or replacing elastic means.
  • Figure 1 shows respiratory equipment, having a known general constitution, in the state it is in when it is used.
  • the respiratory equipment includes an oro-nasal face cover 10 (which can be provided to receive protective glasses against smoke), fixed to a demand regulator 11, and a harness for holding on the head connected to a block. rigid connection 12.
  • connection block is provided with a connection connector with a flexible pipe 14 intended to be connected to a source of pressurized respiratory gas (oxygen under pressure in general).
  • the harness shown by way of example comprises two straps 16 each consisting of an internal tube of elastic material contained in an inextensible sheath limiting the elongation of the tube. The length at rest of the internal tubes is such that they tend to apply the face cover to the face with a force exceeding that which is necessary to ensure the required seal, even when the mask is subjected to the maximum respiratory overpressure.
  • the harness is not hung directly on the cover face, but on the housing 20 of an assembly grouping a sensor of the force exerted by the harness and means for admitting pressurized gas into the straps and exhausting it out of the straps.
  • a drawer 24 is mounted in a blind bore 26 of the housing and is extended by a push rod 28 fixed to the face cover 10.
  • the range of movement of the housing 20 is limited, in one direction, by the support of a stop 30 fixed to the drawer 24 and in the other direction by the support of a shoulder of the drawer on a retaining washer 32 fixed to the housing.
  • a chamber 34 delimited by the bottom of the bore and the drawer 24, is connected to the ambient atmosphere.
  • an outlet 36 for connection with the strap or straps.
  • Passages 38 drilled in the drawer 24 connect the outlet 36 to a pipe 40 for supplying gas under pressure and with the atmosphere, respectively when the housing 20 exceeds a predetermined position to the right and a predetermined position to the left .
  • the outlet 36 is isolated.
  • Elastic means constituted in the case shown in Figure 2 by a spring 42, tend to push the housing 20 towards a stop position (to the left in Figure 2) where it connects the outlet 36 to the atmosphere and therefore causes a complete draining of the straps and the application of the face cover 10 with maximum force.
  • the straps exert on their side on the housing 20 a force which tends to move it relative to the drawer towards the position where gas is admitted from the pipe 40 to the straps by outlet 36.
  • the housing 20 for example by pinching the lever 44 and the stopper 30 of the drawer, the user of the mask can cause the straps to be fully inflated and give the harness a shape for easy donning.
  • the housing gradually moves until it arrives in a position where an additional quantity of gas is admitted into the straps and reduces the force exerted by the harness.
  • the regulated force can be made manually adjustable, for example by mounting a knurled screw (in dashes in Figure 2) through the bottom of the housing.
  • the spring 42 is supported on an altimetric capsule 46.
  • This capsule expands when the ambient pressure decreases. In particular, it expands significantly in the event of depressurization at high altitude, thus causing an increase in the tightening of the harness and the pressure of the mask on the face, necessary for maintaining the altimetric overpressure in the mask.
  • this altimetric capsule allows the force exerted by the harness at low altitude cabin to be reduced to a very low value so as to obtain maximum comfort during the prolonged wearing of the imposed mask. by regulations when the flight altitude exceeds a given value.
  • the straps 16 are connected to a tap 47 which, when not actuated, completely empties the straps and which, when actuated, connects them to the pressurized gas supply.
  • the inflatable element can therefore be of the type commonly used at present and described in US Pat. No. 3,599,636 for example.
  • the face cover further comprises, at the base of the sealing lip 48, an inflatable bead 50 which is controlled by a unit 52 "force sensor - inflation means" of the kind shown in FIG. 2, if this n is that its operation is reversed, an increase in pressure in the bead 50 indeed causing an increase in the application force, and not a reduction.
  • the force sensor-intake means assembly comprises an altimetric capsule 46 on which the spring 42 whose force fixes the degree of application of the mask on the face.
  • the dispenser drawer of FIG. 2 is replaced by a set of two valves 54 and 56.
  • the inlet valve 54 is connected by a flexible bellows 58 to a membrane separating the room at ambient pressure 60 from a room 62 of admission of pressurized breathing gas.
  • the exhaust valve 56 is connected by a flexible bellows 64 to an end plate 65 of a valve control unit, fixed to the membrane 60 and to the face cover 10.
  • Figure 6 shows another embodiment, automatically causing, in the event of depressurization, a tightening of the harness sufficient to reduce leakage well that depressurization causes oxygen to be supplied to the mask under pressure.
  • the device then comprises, in addition to the elements already shown in FIG. 2, a piston 66 for supporting the spring 42.
  • This piston 66 delimits in the housing a chamber 68 which communicates with the outside by a throttled path.
  • a valve 70 with a ball in the illustrated case, separates the chamber 68 from the source of oxygen under pressure.
  • An altimetric capsule 72 which may be that of a demand regulator fitted to the mask, opens the valve 70 in the event of depressurization.
  • the components of the device are in the arrangement shown in solid lines in FIG. 6.
  • the valve 70 is closed.
  • the capsule 72 expands and opens the valve 70.
  • the piston 66 moves to the stop position shown in dashes in FIG. 6. The force exerted by the spring 42 increases and causes the displacement of the dispenser drawer 24 which empties the harness.
  • FIG. 7 shows yet another embodiment which, like that of FIG. 6, automatically causes emptying and tightening of the harness when the mask is supplied with oxygen under pressure, caused by depressurization.
  • the valve 70a for placing the chamber 68 in communication with the source of pressurized oxygen is this time opened in response to the appearance of an overpressure in the face cover of the mask 10.
  • the means of forced opening of the valve comprise a deformable membrane 74 (which can be replaced by a piston) subjected to the pressure which reigns in the mask, carrying a needle 76 which lifts the ball of the valve 70a from its seat in the event of depressurization and supply of the mask under pressure such that the differential pressure between the mask and the atmosphere exceeds a fixed threshold by the prestressing of a spring 78 for closing the valve.
  • An aneroid capsule for emptying the harness in the event of depressurization can also be added to the assembly shown in FIG. 5.
  • the sensor-intake means assembly is interposed between the face cover 10 and the harness.
  • This assembly can also be placed between the connection block 12 and one end (or each end) of the harness.
  • Figure 8 shows such an arrangement.
  • the end of the strap 16 is fixed to a dispenser drawer 24a which can slide in a box 20a secured to the connection block of a mask.
  • a spring 42a tends to push the drawer towards a position where it connects the strap 16 to the atmosphere, while the traction of the strap tends to connect the latter to the source of respiratory gas.
  • the wearer of the mask can inflate the harness completely to put on or remove the mask.
  • FIG. 8 like the previous ones, is susceptible of numerous variants. It can in particular include, like that of FIG. 6 or of FIG. 7, an aneroid capsule for automatic emptying in the event of depressurization of the cabin and / or supply of the mask under overpressure.
  • the harness When the harness has two straps, they can each be provided with a separate device, in order to maintain an appropriate distribution of the tightening forces of the straps under all conditions of use and to ensure the stability of the mask on the face.
  • the device can also be supplemented by means making it possible to modify at will the value of the overpressure in the mask for which there is complete emptying of the harness.
  • the capsule 46 or 72 ( Figures 5 and 6) can rest on the end of a screw adjustment instead of relying on a fixed element.
  • the same mask can be provided to be used alone, or with glasses 82 (shown in dashes in FIG. 9) rigidly attached to the mask.
  • the rim of these glasses must be applied to the face, for example to protect the eyes from smoke.
  • each strap with a separate device and to provide the upper strap with adjustment means making it possible to increase the tightening by the upper strap when the glasses are in place.
  • Another solution consists in providing the mask with a hook making it possible to raise the point of application of the force of the upper strap (or of the single strap) when the glasses are in place, as indicated in dashes in FIG. 9 .
  • the tension adjustment device is purely pneumatic. It is also possible to use an electropneumatic device, comprising a sensor constituted by a transducer with electrical outlet and means of admission of gas under pressure with electrical control, making it possible to adjust the pressure in the harness so as to maintain the tension exerted by the harness at a constant value or varying with the cabin altitude according to a determined law.
  • Figure 10 shows such a device.
  • a sensor 84 constituted by a transducer with electrical output, is placed at the connection of the harness with the mask. It provides an input signal to a control component 86, receiving an electrical supply 88, comprising a solenoid valve for adjusting the pressure in the harness.
  • the device may also include an ambient pressure sensor and / or a pressure sensor in the mask, making it possible to completely empty the harness in the event of depressurization.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Atemausrüstung für den Kopf, umfassend eine Atemmaske (10), welche mit einem mit einer Atemgasquelle verbindbaren Bedarfs- und Verdünnungs-Regler ausgestattet ist, ein erweiterbares Geschirr, dessen Enden mit der Maske verbunden sind und welches ein durch das Atemgas aufblasbares Element (16) umfaßt, um es bis auf eine hinreichende Abmessung auszudehnen, um dem Verwender zu erlauben, es am Kopf anzulegen, und manuell betätigbare Mittel, die es erlauben, das Atemgas unter Druck in das aufblasbare Element einzulassen, um es auszudehnen, und den Druck in diesem Element zu reduzieren, um dem Geschirr zu ermöglichen, sich gegen den Kopf anzulegen und die Maske gegen das Gesicht anzulegen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß sie automatische Mittel zum Einlaß von Gas unter Druck aus der Gasquelle in einen Bestandteil des Geschirrs, und zum Auslaß von Gas unter Druck aus dem Bestandteil des Geschirrs zur Atmosphäre umfaßt, welche mittels eines Sensors für die Anlagebelastung der Maske am Gesicht derart gesteuert werden, daß eine Anlagekraft beibehalten wird, die im wesentlichen konstant ist, wenigstens solange der Umgebungsdruck größer als eine vorbestimmte Schwelle bleibt.
  2. Ausrüstung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die automatischen Mittel außerdem vorgesehen sind, um den Druck in dem Bestandteil auf einen Wert zu regeln, welcher unterhalb eines vorbestimmten Werts des Umgebungsdrucks die Anlagekraft der Maske am Gesicht mit der Höhe steigert.
  3. Ausrüstung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die automatischen Mittel vorgesehen sind, um automatisch die vollständige Entleerung des Bestandteils im Falle eines Umgebungsdruckabfalls zu bewirken.
  4. Ausrüstung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bestandteil von einem aufblasbaren Wulst (50) des Maskenrands oder von einem Hinterhauptskissen gebildet ist, welches zwischen dem aufblasbaren Element und dem Kopf eingefügt ist.
  5. Ausrüstung nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bestandteil von dem aufblasbaren Element (16) selbst oder von einem zusätzlichen Element gebildet ist.
  6. Ausrüstung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die automatischen Mittel ein mit dem Geschirr verbundenes Gehäuse (20) und einen mit der Maske verbundenen Verteilungsschieber (24) umfassen, welcher durch elastische Mittel (42) in Richtung einer ersten Stellung belastet ist, in der der Schieber den Bestandteil mit der Atmosphäre verbindet, und durch den Zug des Geschirrs in Richtung einer zweiten Stellung belastet ist, in der er den Bestandteil mit der Atemgasquelle verbindet.
  7. Ausrüstung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die automatischen Mittel auch eine Aneroidkapsel (72) umfassen, welche das Anlegen einer Kraft an den Schieber zur Hinführung in die erste Stellung im Falle eines Druckabfalls bewirkt.
  8. Ausrüstung nach Anspruch 6, umfassend einen Regler zur Versorgung der Maske mit Atemgas unter Druck im Falle eines Umgebungsdruckabfalls, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die automatischen Mittel außerdem Mittel (74) umfassen, welche auf die Druckdifferenz zwischen der Maske und der Umgebungsatmosphäre empfindlich sind, um das Anlegen einer Kraft an den Schieber zur Hinführung in die erste Stellung im Falle eines Druckabfalls zu bewirken.
  9. Ausrüstung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sensor von einem Belastungswandler (84) mit elektrischem Ausgang gebildet ist, und dadurch, daß die automatischen Mittel zum Einlaß von Gas unter Druck wenigstens ein Elektroventil umfassen.
  10. Ausrüstung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch Mittel zum Einstellen der Anlagebelastung.
EP94401287A 1993-06-09 1994-06-08 Atemschutzausrüstung Expired - Lifetime EP0628325B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9306930A FR2706311B1 (fr) 1993-06-09 1993-06-09 Equipement de protection respiratoire.
FR9306930 1993-06-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0628325A1 EP0628325A1 (de) 1994-12-14
EP0628325B1 true EP0628325B1 (de) 1997-01-22

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ID=9447933

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94401287A Expired - Lifetime EP0628325B1 (de) 1993-06-09 1994-06-08 Atemschutzausrüstung

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5503147A (de)
EP (1) EP0628325B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3231183B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2125440C (de)
DE (1) DE69401534T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2097010T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2706311B1 (de)
HK (1) HK1007418A1 (de)

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JP3231183B2 (ja) 2001-11-19
HK1007418A1 (en) 1999-04-09
DE69401534D1 (de) 1997-03-06
CA2125440A1 (fr) 1994-12-10
EP0628325A1 (de) 1994-12-14
JPH07136273A (ja) 1995-05-30
DE69401534T2 (de) 1997-05-28
FR2706311B1 (fr) 1995-09-22
US5503147A (en) 1996-04-02
ES2097010T3 (es) 1997-03-16
FR2706311A1 (fr) 1994-12-23
CA2125440C (fr) 2001-08-14

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