EP0483020B1 - Atemschutzausrüstung für Flugzeugbordpersonal - Google Patents

Atemschutzausrüstung für Flugzeugbordpersonal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0483020B1
EP0483020B1 EP19910402885 EP91402885A EP0483020B1 EP 0483020 B1 EP0483020 B1 EP 0483020B1 EP 19910402885 EP19910402885 EP 19910402885 EP 91402885 A EP91402885 A EP 91402885A EP 0483020 B1 EP0483020 B1 EP 0483020B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
mask
valve
respiratory
equipment according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19910402885
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0483020A1 (de
Inventor
Georges Gutman
Jean-Pierre Anschutz
Jean-Claude Moutaux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aerosystems SAS
Original Assignee
Intertechnique SA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/02—Valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/04—Gas helmets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to respiratory equipment intended to protect aircraft crew members during flights at high altitude and / or under high load factor, requiring to supply a respiratory mask with gas under a pressure higher than that of the ' ambience.
  • an overpressure is generally established in the cockpit of an aircraft, from 1500 m onwards, which is increased with altitude.
  • the respiratory equipment includes a mask which a demand regulator supplies first with dilute oxygen, then with pure oxygen under a pressure such that the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs remains sufficient.
  • the equipment is also provided to supply the mask, in the event of ejection or loss of pressure in the passenger compartment at high altitude, with oxygen under sufficient pressure to avoid loss of consciousness.
  • the member or each member of the crew of a combat aircraft, the evolutions of which cause high accelerations along the vertical plane, is furthermore provided with a device for protection against acceleration, comprising pants provided with connected inflatable pockets. to a control valve, called an anti-g valve, which supplies a pressure which is a function of acceleration.
  • known protective equipment comprises a mask mechanically connected to a helmet provided with an inflatable neck pocket and regulating means for supplying the mask and the neck pocket. under the same pressure, which is a function of the ambient pressure and / or the load factor.
  • the output of the respiratory regulator at the request of this equipment is connected by a first conduit, called "caterpillar” or "elephant's trunk", to the mask and by another conduit to the neck pocket.
  • the invention aims in particular to provide equipment improving the protection of the crew when the flight conditions make it necessary to supply the breathing gas under a pressure significantly higher than that of the atmosphere.
  • the invention provides in particular protective equipment according to claim 1.
  • the invention also aims, in the case of protective equipment intended for an aircraft capable of reaching very high altitudes, to improve the protection of the crew in the event of the appearance of conditions requiring a sudden and significant increase in the breathing gas supply pressure.
  • the delay in swelling of the bag results in significant initial leaks slowing the rise in pressure of the respiratory gas inhaled by the wearer of the bag. mask.
  • the regulating means are advantageously provided to supply the pneumatic means with a gas flow rate sufficient to cause a pressure build-up speed greater than that of the pressure build-up in the mask.
  • the regulating means advantageously comprise a circuit making it possible to supply the pneumatic means from the anti-g valve, under a pressure reduced compared to that supplied to the pants pockets, but greater than that of the respiratory gas supplied to the mask.
  • the regulating means are provided to supply the mask with gas under a pressure which increases as a function of the acceleration along the vertical plane, detected by an anti-g valve, it is advantageous to supply the pneumatic means from the anti-g valve with a time advance relative to the increase in the pressure of the respiratory gas sent to the mask.
  • the pneumatic means can be constituted by a neck pocket of known constitution.
  • the action of this pocket can be supplemented or replaced by that of other means fulfilling the same function, namely exerting - directly or indirectly - a pressure force which keeps the edge of the mask applied against the face.
  • the pneumatic means may comprise an inflatable sealing rod, placed between the internal sealing lip of the mask face cover and the covering part, supplied by a circuit.
  • the protective equipment shown schematically in Figure 1 has a general constitution widely used at present on combat aircraft. It comprises a rigid helmet 10 and a respiratory mask 12 covering the nose and the mouth, connected to the mask by straps of adjustable length. An inflatable pocket 14 is placed inside the rigid shell of the helmet, against the occipital part of the head. This neck pocket is intended to press the mask against the face when the respiratory gas supplied to the mask 12 has an overpressure with respect to the atmosphere.
  • the equipment worn by the pilot also comprises a waistcoat or plastron 16 provided with chest pockets and pants 18 provided with pockets intended to clamp the soft parts of the legs, both inflatable.
  • the seat 20 carries means for supplying the mask and pockets which can be viewed as having a respiratory regulator 22 supplied with oxygen under pressure by an on-board source (converter of liquid oxygen or generator of oxygen-enriched air in general) and an anti-g 24 valve, generally supplied with air taken from a stage of the compressor of an engine although it can also be supplied by an on-board gas reserve.
  • the outlet of the respiratory regulator 22 is connected to a caterpillar 26 for supplying the mask 12 and, via a connection 28, to the pockets of the vest.
  • the anti-g valve 24 is connected to a connector 30 supplying the pockets of the pants 18.
  • the regulating means of an equipment according to the invention comprise, in addition to the respiratory regulator 22, a circuit 32 whose output is, in the case of FIG. 1, connected by a pipe 34 to the neck pocket 14.
  • the pressure variation as a function of time in the mask 12 and the chest pockets 16, in the event of sudden appearance of conditions making it necessary to create a pressure P0 there, is of the kind shown by curve 36 in FIG. 2 if the neck pocket is supplied by a bypass taken from the track 26.
  • the pressure in the neck pocket 14 increases more slowly, as indicated by curve 38; this pressure is not fully usable to apply the mask against the face due to the imperfect performance of the pocket, hence leaks.
  • the pressure in the pocket due to the volume of the latter and the compressibility of the helmet padding, increases much less quickly than in the mask.
  • the pressure difference ⁇ P0 is chosen according to the efficiency of the neck pocket 14. In practice, it will generally be of the order of 30 hPa.
  • the overpressure ⁇ P0 makes it possible to press the mask tightly against the face once the set pressure P0 + ⁇ P0 is reached, on the other hand it causes a more rapid increase in the pressure in the neck pocket 14, as indicated by curve 40 in phantom.
  • the circuit 32 to add to a known type of equipment can be very simple.
  • the circuit 32 includes an intake valve 42 and a deflation valve 44, each connecting the bag 14 to the outlet of the anti-g valve 24.
  • the valve d admission 42 includes a valve 46 resting on a seat for communicating the inlet and outlet of the valve, carried by a membrane one side of which is subjected to outlet pressure and the other side of which is subjected at the pressure prevailing in a piloting chamber 48.
  • the pilot pressure can be adjustable for example by a solenoid valve, as a function of parameters such as acceleration, external pressure, etc.
  • the inlet valve 42 is connected to the pocket by means of a non-return valve 50 and a throttling valve 52 for limiting the flow.
  • a calibrated valve 54 makes it possible to limit the overpressure in the pocket for example to a value of 120 hPa.
  • the overpressure created in the pocket 14 depends on the outlet pressure of the anti-g valve, itself a function of the respiratory overpressure and greater than the latter thanks to the pressure multiplier 61.
  • the exhaust valve 44 allows the bag 14 to empty into the atmosphere through a vent 56 when the outlet pressure of the anti-g valve, which prevails in a chamber 58, decreases.
  • the simplified alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 4 comprises an inlet valve 42a constituted by a simple valve calibrated by a spring 54 whose compression force fixes the difference between the outlet pressure of the anti-g valve and the pressure which s 'established in the back pocket 14.
  • the respiratory regulator 22 controls the overpressure in the pockets of the pants 18, in the absence of acceleration, by means of a pressure multiplication valve 64, of ratio 4/1 for example (this value does not again being given only as an example).
  • a supply of oxygen under pressure to the anti-g valve 24 is then necessary: in FIG. 5, it is carried out by a nozzle 68 on the inlet 66 of the respiratory regulator 22.
  • FIG. 7 shows, by way of example, curves 70 and 72 representative of the outlet pressure of the anti-g valve 24 and of the regulator 22 as a function of the acceleration directed along the vertical plane G z ; the anti-g valve feeds the pants pockets only after an acceleration of 2 g.
  • the feeding of the pockets is delayed up to 4 g, as shown by the dashed curve, which facilitates the feeding of the neck pocket in advance relative to the mask.
  • Protective equipment intended for aircraft not exceeding an altitude of about 15,000 m is often devoid of means making it possible to create pressure in the pockets of the pants in the event of respiratory overpressure.
  • the circuit 32 may have the constitution shown in FIG. 6, where the members corresponding to those of FIGS. 3 and 4 bear the same reference number, assigned the index a.
  • the circuit of FIG. 6 essentially differs from that of FIG. 4 by the constitution of the evacuation or deflation valve 44a, which also constitutes a compensation valve, and which is supplied by the source anti-g valve 24.
  • valve 44a a membrane on which the outlet pressure of the anti-g valve 24 is exerted.
  • This membrane is not directly linked to a communication communication valve.
  • pocket 14 with a vent 56a. It is provided with a pusher 70 intended to exert a bearing force of the valve 72 for communicating with the vent when an overpressure prevails in the chamber 58a.
  • the valve 72 is carried by an additional membrane 74 which defines, with the first membrane, a chamber 76 supplied by the respiratory regulator 22. This regulator supplies the neck pocket 14 by means of a throttle and an anti-valve -back 78.
  • This arrangement allows the discharge valve 44a to operate according to two compensation laws, one as a function of the respiratory overpressure, due to the presence of the membrane 74, the other as a function of the acceleration detected by the anti-g valve 24.
  • the invention is susceptible of numerous variant embodiments.
  • the pressure intended to ensure the seal can be established in a strap for pulling the mask towards the helmet, to press the mask against the face, and / or in an inflatable sealing rod, for example in the form of an iron horse opening upwards, bordering the face cover of the mask in addition to the pocket 14, or in its place.
  • a connection 80 ( Figure 3) is sufficient to supply the sealing rod.
  • FIGS. 8 and 8A show a possible constitution of a mask provided with such a tube.
  • the elastomeric face cover 82 has a thick central part and / or reinforced by a shell 84.
  • a rigid gutter for example in the shape of a horseshoe releasing the bridge of the nose.
  • An inflatable tube 86, connected to connection 80, is fixed, for example by gluing, on the gutter or in a fold of the thin part of the face cover.
  • a stop 88 can be provided to limit its swelling and / or hold it in place.
  • the flange 86 When the circuit 32 does not provide pressure, the flange 86 has a minimum cross section. When the circuit 32, on the other hand, provides pressure, the tube inflates, tightens the straps and increases the seal.
  • FIG. 9 shows the curves of variation of the pressure, as a function of time t , in a device according to yet another alternative embodiment.
  • Curve 90 shows the variation of the pressure in the mask 12 and the vest pockets.
  • Curve 94 shows the pressure variation in the neck pocket and / or the inflatable strap and / or the sealing flange 88.
  • the circuit 32 is designed to anticipate, for a time ⁇ t, the rise in pressure in the mask.
  • the final pressure reached in the neck pocket, the sausage or the strap is ⁇ P1 higher than the final pressure in the mask.
  • the value of ⁇ P1 may vary depending on the efficiency of the pneumatic sealing means; in the case of a helmet pocket, it will often, in practice, be of the order of 30 hPa.
  • the curves in FIG. 9 can be obtained even if the final pressure in the acceleration protective clothing is equal to the pressure in the mask, insofar as the pressure necessary to supply the pocket, the flange and / or the strap is obtained from a valve providing overpressure as a function of acceleration.
  • FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the invention which is particularly advantageous when the helmet 10 is intended to receive a helmet viewfinder and is devoid of neck pocket.
  • a helmet is generally personalized to the measurements of the pilot for whom it is intended and must remain within an immutable position in relation to the head.
  • the pneumatic means in a strap for connecting the mask to the helmet.
  • the helmet can be considered integral, in the sense that it includes a front fairing 96, placed in front of the chin.
  • the fairing 96 can be fixed in a removable manner, for example by engagement and locking of two side blades 98 in housings 100 of the helmet.
  • the mask 12 is then fitted into the fairing 96 and the pneumatic means can be constituted by at least one actuator or a pneumatic bellows interposed between the fairing and the rigid shell of the mask.
  • the body of a jack 102 is fixed to the fairing and the piston is connected to the shell of the face cover by ball joints 104.
  • a spring 106 ensures permanent contact of the mask with the face.
  • the invention is susceptible of numerous variants of material still further, in particular as regards the pressure control.
  • the pockets can be supplied by valves, piloted or not, electronically controlled, which in particular makes it possible to carry out any desired law and relationship between the mask pressures, pants pockets, chest pocket and helmet pocket (and / or possibly flange or pneumatic strap), in particular a linear relationship.
  • Adaptable electronic control devices are already known, such as those described in patent US-A-4 336 590, with pilot valve, and those with progressive solenoid valve.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Atemschutzausrüstung zum Schutz der Mitglieder des Flugzeugbordpersonals bei Flügen in großer Höhe und/oder bei erhöhter Belastung, die es erfordert, einer Atemmaske (12) Atemluft unter einem höheren Druck als dem der Umgebung zuzuführen, wobei die genannte Ausrüstung aus einer mechanisch mit einem Helm (10) verbundenen Maske (12) und Regelmitteln für die Versorgung der Maske mit Atemluft, deren Druck von der Höhe und/oder der Beschleunigung abhängt, besteht,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelmittel dazu vorgesehen sind, in Luftdruckmitteln, die eine Andruckkraft des Maskenrandes auf das Gesicht ausüben, einen Druck zu schaffen, der höher ist als der der Atemluft, die der Maske (12) zugeführt wird, zumindest wenn der Zuführdruck der Maske einen vorbestimmten Schwellenwert übersteigt.
  2. Schutzausrüstung nach Anspruch 1 für Flugzeuge, die in großen Höhen fliegen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelmittel dazu vorgesehen sind, den Luftdruckmitteln eine ausreichende Gasmenge zuzuführen, um eine höhere Druckanstiegsgeschwindigkeit zu erzeugen als die Druckanstieggeschwindigkeit in der Maske.
  3. Ausrüstung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, die ferner ein Anti-g-Ventil (24) aufweist, das dazu vorgesehen ist, sobald die Maske mit unter Druck stehendem Gas versorgt wird und selbst wenn keine Beschleunigung herrscht, in Hosenkammern einen Druck aufzubauen, der höher ist als der in der Maske herrschende Druck und in Abhängigkeit von diesem,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelmittel einen Kreislauf (42, 44) zur Versorgung der Luftdruckmittel ab dem Anti-g-Ventil umfassen, der unter einem Druck steht, der niedriger ist als der den Hosenkammern zugeführte, aber höher als der der Atemluft, die der Maske zugeführt wird.
  4. Ausrüstung nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, die Koppelmittel (62) umfaßt, die das Zuführen von Gas, das unter einem Druck steht, der in Abhängigkeit von der durch ein Anti-g-Ventil (24) gemessenen Beschleunigung in der Flugzeug-Senkrechten steigt, durch die Regelmittel zur Maske hervorrufen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelmittel dazu vorgesehen sind, die Luftdruckmittel ab dem Anti-g-Ventil mit einem Druck, der höher ist als der in der Maske und/oder mit einem zeitlichen Vorsprung vor dem Steigen des Drucks der zur Maske geschickten Atemluft zu versorgen.
  5. Ausrüstung nach Anspruch 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Koppelmittel ein Zufuhrventil (42) und ein Abblasventil (44) umfassen, die eins wie das andere die Luftdruckmittel mit dem Ausgang des Anti-g-Ventils (24) verbinden, wobei das Ablaßventil (44) es ermöglicht, daß die Luftdruckmittel sich über ein Abzugsloch (56) in die Atmosphäre entleeren, wenn der Auslaßdruck des Anti-g-Ventils sinkt.
  6. Ausrüstung nach Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Zufuhrventil (42) eine Klappe (46) aufweist, die sich in einen Sitz legt, um den Eingang und den Ausgang des Ventils miteinander zu verbinden, und die von einer Membran getragen wird, deren eine Seite dem Auslaßdruck ausgesetzt ist, und deren andere Seite dem Druck ausgesetzt ist, der in einer Steuerkammer (48) herrscht, in der ein von der Beschleunigung oder dem Außendruck abhängig regelbarer Steuerdruck herrscht.
  7. Ausrüstung nach Anspruch 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Abblasventil (44a) eine Membran aufweist, auf die der Auslaßdruck des Anti-g-Ventils (24) einwirkt, das mit einem Stößel (70) versehen ist, der eine Andruckkraft einer Klappe (72) zum Verbinden der Luftdruckmittel mit einem Abzugsloch ausüben soll, wobei die Klappe (72) von einer zusätzlichen Membran (74) getragen wird, die zusammen mit der ersten Membran eine Kammer (76) umgrenzt, die von dem Atemregler (22) gespeist wird, der auch die Federmittel über eine Verengung und ein Rückschlagventil (78) speist.
  8. Ausrüstung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannten Luftdruckmittel aus einer Nackenkammer (14) des Helms oder einem aufblasbaren Dichtungswulst (86), der den Rand der Gesichtsabdeckung der Maske bildet, bestehen.
  9. Ausrüstung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannten Luftdruckmittel aus einem Verbindungsgurt (98) von Maske und Helm bestehen.
  10. Ausrüstung nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Helm ein Integralhelm ist und daß der genannte Gurt einen Zylinder (102) aufweist, der zwischen einer vorderen Ausrundung (96), die zu dem Gurt gehört, und der Gesichtsabdeckung der Maske (12) sitzt.
EP19910402885 1990-10-26 1991-10-28 Atemschutzausrüstung für Flugzeugbordpersonal Expired - Lifetime EP0483020B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9013304 1990-10-26
FR9013304A FR2668373B1 (fr) 1990-10-26 1990-10-26 Equipement respiratoire de protection d'equipage d'aeronef.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0483020A1 EP0483020A1 (de) 1992-04-29
EP0483020B1 true EP0483020B1 (de) 1994-11-09

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ID=9401601

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910402885 Expired - Lifetime EP0483020B1 (de) 1990-10-26 1991-10-28 Atemschutzausrüstung für Flugzeugbordpersonal

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EP (1) EP0483020B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69105091T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2668373B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6207842B1 (en) 1997-10-09 2001-03-27 Mars Incorporated Process for preparing procyanidin(4-6 or 4-8) oligomers and their derivatives

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1144317A (en) * 1965-09-09 1969-03-05 Ml Aviation Co Ltd Improvements relating to airmens' helmets
FR2551421B1 (fr) * 1983-08-31 1985-12-13 Intertechnique Sa Dispositif de protection contre les accelerations
FR2657264B1 (fr) * 1990-01-25 1994-09-02 Ulmer Aeronautique Sa Perfectionnement apporte aux masques inhalateurs.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69105091D1 (de) 1994-12-15
DE69105091T2 (de) 1995-03-16
FR2668373B1 (fr) 1994-04-08
FR2668373A1 (fr) 1992-04-30
EP0483020A1 (de) 1992-04-29

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