EP0626485A1 - Drainage device for rainwater - Google Patents

Drainage device for rainwater Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0626485A1
EP0626485A1 EP94810298A EP94810298A EP0626485A1 EP 0626485 A1 EP0626485 A1 EP 0626485A1 EP 94810298 A EP94810298 A EP 94810298A EP 94810298 A EP94810298 A EP 94810298A EP 0626485 A1 EP0626485 A1 EP 0626485A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
drainage
opening
calibrated openings
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94810298A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Samuel Feuz
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0626485A1 publication Critical patent/EP0626485A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
    • E04D13/0404—Drainage on the roof surface
    • E04D13/0409—Drainage outlets, e.g. gullies
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
    • E04D13/0404—Drainage on the roof surface
    • E04D13/0409—Drainage outlets, e.g. gullies
    • E04D2013/0427—Drainage outlets, e.g. gullies with means for controlling the flow in the outlet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for draining rainwater collected on a substantially horizontal surface of a slab or a roof, as described in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the flow rate can be extremely variable, so that, for example during thunderstorms, rainwater pours very quickly and in large quantities directly into the public collectors, which often causes floods, floods and considerable damage to infrastructure equipment.
  • the object of the invention is to allow regulation of the flow rate of rainwater collected on a slab or on a roof, so as to allow this water to be evacuated slowly, the flow peaks being absorbed by a water retention phenomenon on the roof.
  • the device according to the invention comprises the means described in the characterizing part of claim 1. Particular embodiments of this device are described in claims 2 to 7.
  • FIG. 1 a rainwater flow device is represented schematically by the reference 1, this device being placed on a substantially horizontal surface 6 of a slab or roof.
  • Rainwater of which different levels are indicated by the references 25, 7 and 24, flows through the device 1 to be discharged via a flow line 5.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of this same arrangement.
  • Figs 3 and 4 show the structure of this flow device 1.
  • a base plate 8 There is, at the center of a base plate 8, a flow opening 16 surrounded by a water retaining frame 10, itself surrounded by a gravel guard 9.
  • the latter consists of a set of perforated side walls, this set can have a square shape as in Figs 3 and 4 or, for example, a circular shape.
  • the perforations are dimensioned so as to retain the gravel outside the device, as shown schematically in FIG. 5 by reference 23, and allowing rainwater to pass, the flow of which is illustrated diagrammatically by the arrows in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the water retaining frame 10 is also constituted by a set of side walls which have one or more calibrated openings 15, through which the water must pass to reach the flow opening 16, as long as the level of the the water collected on the slab does not exceed the level 7 illustrated in Figs 1 and 5 and which corresponds to the height of the retaining frame 10.
  • the calibrated openings 15 can be made directly in the side walls or be cut from interchangeable plates, such as the plates 14 shown in Figs 3 and 4.
  • the shape and dimensions of these openings 15 are adapted to the particular conditions of a given installation, so as to obtain the desired reduction in flow rate as a function of the water level above the surface of the plate 8.
  • these calibrated openings have a triangular shape, the base of the triangle being parallel to the plate 8, so that the increase in the flow becomes lower as the water level rises.
  • the surface water level 25 will lead to a normal flow without any restraint and reducing action by the device. If the amount of rainwater collected is greater than the outgoing flow, the water level outside the retaining frame 10 rises to stabilize at an intermediate level, such as 27, or continues to rise to the maximum level 7. The difference between levels 25 and 7 defines the volume of retention which must make it possible to absorb all the predicted storm surges for a given installation. However, if the quantity of rainwater is exceptionally high, the water level can rise to the overflow level 24 and, in this case, the water pours over the retaining frame 10, the device then acting as too full of security.
  • the height of the water retention frame 10 thus corresponds to the maximum retention height which is generally between 6 and 25 cm depending on the retention volume that is to be obtained and the place where the device is placed, preferably at the lowest point of a roof.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates, more particularly, the case of the use of interchangeable plates which allows easy adaptation of the reduction in flow in a given device.
  • the walls of the retaining frame 10 have openings such as 2, in front of which the plates such as 14 can be inserted into a frame 13, and have the calibrated openings 15.
  • These can have a circular, oval, square or rectangular shape, the preferred shape being the triangular shape mentioned above.
  • the gravel keeper 9 is preferably covered with a perforated cover 17, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the various elements of the device can be made of aluminum, copper, stainless steel, plasticized steel or even a plastic material, such as PVC, polypropylene or polyethylene.
  • a device according to the invention has been illustrated diagrammatically, it being understood that this device can be provided both for existing installations and to be fully integrated in the case of new embodiments.
  • a roofing slab 19 at the location of a rainwater outlet 3.
  • the latter is surrounded by a flow insulation 28 and opens onto a flow pipe 5.
  • the roof is provided with an insulation 20 and covered with a sealing layer 21, the base plate of the flow device being further surrounded by a sealing flap 22.
  • the roofing gravel is indicated by 23.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain a reduction in the discharge rate of the water collected on the surface of a slab or roof, the dimensions of the calibrated openings being able to be determined as a function of the maximum desired discharge rate and the restraint height.
  • the rate of reduction of flow compared to a decennial rainfall density can go up to a ratio of 15 to 1.

Abstract

Drainage device for rainwater (1) collected on a substantially horizontal surface (6) of a pavement or a roof which has a drainage orifice, this device including a baseplate (8) provided with a drainage opening (16) and designed to be capable of being installed on the said surface, this opening (16) communicating with the said drainage orifice, and a gravel fillet (trap) (9) consisting of a set of perforated walls surrounding the said drainage opening (16) so as to allow water to pass through and to retain the gravel (23), characterised in that it includes a water retention frame (10) arranged on the baseplate (8) so as to surround the said drainage opening (16) and having one or more calibrated openings (15) which regulate the drainage flow rate. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'écoulement d'eau pluviale recueillie sur une surface sensiblement horizontale d'une dalle ou d'une toiture, tel qu'il est décrit dans le préambule de la revendication 1.The present invention relates to a device for draining rainwater collected on a substantially horizontal surface of a slab or a roof, as described in the preamble of claim 1.

Dans les dispositifs d'écoulement de ce type actuellement utilisés, le débit de l'écoulement peut être extrêmement variable, de sorte que, par exemple lors d'orages, l'eau de pluie se déverse très rapidement et en grandes quantités directement dans les collecteurs publics, ce qui occasionne souvent des montées de crue, des inondations et dégâts considérables sur les équipements d'infrastructure.In flow devices of this type currently used, the flow rate can be extremely variable, so that, for example during thunderstorms, rainwater pours very quickly and in large quantities directly into the public collectors, which often causes floods, floods and considerable damage to infrastructure equipment.

L'invention a pour but de permettre une régulation du débit d'écoulement de l'eau pluviale recueillie sur une dalle ou sur une toiture, de manière à permettre à cette eau d'être évacuée lentement, les pointes de débit étant absorbées par un phénomène de rétention de l'eau sur la toiture.The object of the invention is to allow regulation of the flow rate of rainwater collected on a slab or on a roof, so as to allow this water to be evacuated slowly, the flow peaks being absorbed by a water retention phenomenon on the roof.

A cet effet, le dispositif selon l'invention comporte les moyens décrits dans la partie caractérisante de la revendication 1. Des formes de réalisation particulières de ce dispositif sont décrites dans les revendications 2 à 7.To this end, the device according to the invention comprises the means described in the characterizing part of claim 1. Particular embodiments of this device are described in claims 2 to 7.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lumière de la description suivante d'un exemple de réalisation du dispositif d'écoulement selon l'invention, illustré par le dessin annexé dans lequel:

  • La Fig. 1 représente schématiquement un exemple de l'agencement du dispositif selon l'invention sur une toiture;
  • La Fig. 2 montre un tel agencement en perspective;
  • La Fig. 3 montre, en perspective, une forme de réalisation du dispositif d'écoulement selon l'invention;
  • La Fig. 4 montre une vue en plan du dispositif de la Fig. 3; et
  • La Fig. 5 montre une vue en coupe de l'installation de ce dispositif sur une dalle ou toiture.
The invention will be better understood in the light of the following description of an exemplary embodiment of the flow device according to the invention, illustrated by the appended drawing in which:
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows an example of the arrangement of the device according to the invention on a roof;
  • Fig. 2 shows such an arrangement in perspective;
  • Fig. 3 shows, in perspective, an embodiment of the flow device according to the invention;
  • Fig. 4 shows a plan view of the device of FIG. 3; and
  • Fig. 5 shows a sectional view of the installation of this device on a slab or roof.

Dans la Fig. 1, un dispositif d'écoulement d'eau pluviale est représenté schématiquement par la référence 1, ce dispositif étant placé sur une surface sensiblement horizontale 6 d'une dalle ou toiture. L'eau de pluie, dont différents niveaux sont indiqués par les références 25, 7 et 24, s'écoule à travers le dispositif 1 pour être évacuée par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite d'écoulement 5. La Fig. 2 est une vue en perspective de cette même disposition.In Fig. 1, a rainwater flow device is represented schematically by the reference 1, this device being placed on a substantially horizontal surface 6 of a slab or roof. Rainwater, of which different levels are indicated by the references 25, 7 and 24, flows through the device 1 to be discharged via a flow line 5. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of this same arrangement.

Les Figs 3 et 4 montrent la structure du présent dispositif d'écoulement 1. On distingue, au centre d'une plaque de base 8, une ouverture d'écoulement 16 entourée par un cadre de retenue d'eau 10, lui-même entouré par un garde-gravier 9. Ce dernier est constitué par un ensemble de parois latérales perforées, cet ensemble pouvant avoir une forme carrée comme sur les Figs 3 et 4 ou, par exemple, une forme circulaire. Les perforations sont dimensionnées de manière à retenir le gravier à l'extérieur du dispositif, comme le montre schématiquement la Fig. 5 par la référence 23, et à laisser passer l'eau de pluie dont l'écoulement est illustré schématiquement par les flèches des Figs 3 et 4.Figs 3 and 4 show the structure of this flow device 1. There is, at the center of a base plate 8, a flow opening 16 surrounded by a water retaining frame 10, itself surrounded by a gravel guard 9. The latter consists of a set of perforated side walls, this set can have a square shape as in Figs 3 and 4 or, for example, a circular shape. The perforations are dimensioned so as to retain the gravel outside the device, as shown schematically in FIG. 5 by reference 23, and allowing rainwater to pass, the flow of which is illustrated diagrammatically by the arrows in FIGS. 3 and 4.

Le cadre de retenue d'eau 10 est également constitué par un ensemble de parois latérales qui présentent une ou plusieurs ouvertures calibrées 15, à travers lesquelles l'eau doit passer pour atteindre l'ouverture d'écoulement 16, tant que le niveau de l'eau recueillie sur la dalle n'excède pas le niveau 7 illustré aux Figs 1 et 5 et qui correspond à la hauteur du cadre de retenue 10.The water retaining frame 10 is also constituted by a set of side walls which have one or more calibrated openings 15, through which the water must pass to reach the flow opening 16, as long as the level of the the water collected on the slab does not exceed the level 7 illustrated in Figs 1 and 5 and which corresponds to the height of the retaining frame 10.

Les ouvertures calibrées 15, dont le nombre est égal à quatre dans l'exemple représenté mais peut, plus généralement, se situer de préférence entre 1 et 12, peuvent être réalisées directement dans les parois latérales ou être découpées dans des plaques interchangeables, telles que les plaques 14 montrées aux Figs 3 et 4. La forme et les dimensions de ces ouvertures 15 sont adaptées aux conditions particulières d'une installation donnée, de façon à obtenir la réduction du débit souhaitée en fonction du niveau de l'eau au-dessus de la surface de la plaque 8. Dans l'exemple des Figs 3 et 4, ces ouvertures calibrées ont une forme triangulaire, la base du triangle étant parallèle à la plaque 8, de sorte que l'accroissement du débit devient plus faible au fur et à mesure que le niveau de l'eau monte.The calibrated openings 15, the number of which is equal to four in the example shown but may, more generally, be located preferably between 1 and 12, can be made directly in the side walls or be cut from interchangeable plates, such as the plates 14 shown in Figs 3 and 4. The shape and dimensions of these openings 15 are adapted to the particular conditions of a given installation, so as to obtain the desired reduction in flow rate as a function of the water level above the surface of the plate 8. In the example of FIGS. 3 and 4, these calibrated openings have a triangular shape, the base of the triangle being parallel to the plate 8, so that the increase in the flow becomes lower as the water level rises.

En se référant plus particulièrement à la Fig. 5, on remarque que, lorsque la quantité d'eau pluviale (Qep) réceptionnée sur la toiture est inférieure au débit sortant (Qs) à travers les ouvertures calibrées du présent dispositif, le niveau d'eau de ruissellement 25 conduira à un débit normal sans aucune retenue et action réductrice par le dispositif. Si la quantité d'eau pluviale recueillie est supérieure au débit sortant, le niveau d'eau à l'extérieur du cadre de retenue 10 monte pour se stabiliser à un niveau intermédiaire, tel que 27, ou continue à monter jusqu'au niveau maximum de rétention 7. La différence entre les niveaux 25 et 7 définit le volume de rétention qui doit permettre d'absorber toutes les pointes d'orage prévisibles pour une installation donnée. Toutefois, si la quantité d'eau pluviale est exceptionnellement élevée, le niveau d'eau peut monter jusqu'au niveau de débordement 24 et, dans ce cas, l'eau se déverse par dessus le cadre de retenue 10, le dispositif agissant alors comme trop plein de sécurité.With particular reference to FIG. 5, it is noted that, when the quantity of rainwater (Qep) received on the roof is less than the outgoing flow (Qs) through the calibrated openings of this device, the surface water level 25 will lead to a normal flow without any restraint and reducing action by the device. If the amount of rainwater collected is greater than the outgoing flow, the water level outside the retaining frame 10 rises to stabilize at an intermediate level, such as 27, or continues to rise to the maximum level 7. The difference between levels 25 and 7 defines the volume of retention which must make it possible to absorb all the predicted storm surges for a given installation. However, if the quantity of rainwater is exceptionally high, the water level can rise to the overflow level 24 and, in this case, the water pours over the retaining frame 10, the device then acting as too full of security.

La hauteur du cadre de retenue d'eau 10 correspond ainsi à la hauteur maximum de rétention qui se situe généralement entre 6 et 25 cm en fonction du volume de rétention que l'on souhaite obtenir et de l'endroit auquel le dispositif est placé, de préférence au point bas d'une toiture. La Fig. 3 illustre, plus particulièrement, le cas de l'utilisation de plaques interchangeables qui permet une adaptation aisée de la réduction du débit dans un dispositif donné. On voit notamment que les parois du cadre de retenue 10 présentent des ouvertures telles que 2, en face desquelles les plaques telles que 14 peuvent être insérées dans un cadre 13, et présentent les ouvertures calibrées 15. Celles-ci peuvent avoir une forme circulaire, ovale, carrée ou rectangulaire, la forme préférée étant la forme triangulaire mentionné plus haut.The height of the water retention frame 10 thus corresponds to the maximum retention height which is generally between 6 and 25 cm depending on the retention volume that is to be obtained and the place where the device is placed, preferably at the lowest point of a roof. Fig. 3 illustrates, more particularly, the case of the use of interchangeable plates which allows easy adaptation of the reduction in flow in a given device. We see in particular that the walls of the retaining frame 10 have openings such as 2, in front of which the plates such as 14 can be inserted into a frame 13, and have the calibrated openings 15. These can have a circular, oval, square or rectangular shape, the preferred shape being the triangular shape mentioned above.

Le garde-gravier 9 est, de préférence, recouvert d'un couvercle perforé 17, comme le montre la Fig. 5. Les différents éléments du dispositif peuvent être réalisés en aluminium, cuivre, acier inoxydable, acier plastifié ou encore en un matériau plastique, tel que PVC, polypropylène ou polyéthylène.The gravel keeper 9 is preferably covered with a perforated cover 17, as shown in FIG. 5. The various elements of the device can be made of aluminum, copper, stainless steel, plasticized steel or even a plastic material, such as PVC, polypropylene or polyethylene.

Sur la Fig. 5, l'installation d'un dispositif selon l'invention a été illustrée schématiquement, étant entendu que ce dispositif peut être prévu aussi bien pour des installations existantes qu'être entièrement intégré dans le cas de nouvelles réalisations. Sur la Fig. 5, on distingue une dalle de toiture 19 à l'endroit d'une naissance d'eau pluviale 3. Cette dernière est entourée d'une isolation d'écoulement 28 et débouche sur une conduite d'écoulement 5. La toiture est munie d'une isolation 20 et recouverte d'une couche d'étanchéité 21, la plaque de base du dispositif d'écoulement étant en outre entourée d'une bavette d'étanchéité 22. Comme déjà mentionné, le gravier de toiture est indiqué par 23.In Fig. 5, the installation of a device according to the invention has been illustrated diagrammatically, it being understood that this device can be provided both for existing installations and to be fully integrated in the case of new embodiments. In Fig. 5, there is a roofing slab 19 at the location of a rainwater outlet 3. The latter is surrounded by a flow insulation 28 and opens onto a flow pipe 5. The roof is provided with an insulation 20 and covered with a sealing layer 21, the base plate of the flow device being further surrounded by a sealing flap 22. As already mentioned, the roofing gravel is indicated by 23.

L'invention permet d'obtenir une réduction du débit d'évacuation de l'eau recueillie sur la surface d'une dalle ou de toiture, les dimensions des ouvertures calibrées pouvant être déterminées en fonction du débit d'évacuation maximum souhaité et de la hauteur de retenue. Le taux de réduction de débit par rapport à une densité pluviométrique décennale peut aller jusqu'à un rapport de 15 à 1.The invention makes it possible to obtain a reduction in the discharge rate of the water collected on the surface of a slab or roof, the dimensions of the calibrated openings being able to be determined as a function of the maximum desired discharge rate and the restraint height. The rate of reduction of flow compared to a decennial rainfall density can go up to a ratio of 15 to 1.

Claims (7)

Dispositif d'écoulement d'eau pluviale recueillie sur une surface sensiblement horizontale d'une dalle ou d'une toiture qui présente un orifice d'écoulement, ce dispositif comportant une plaque de base (8) munie d'une ouverture d'écoulement (16) et agencée pour pouvoir être installée sur ladite surface, cette ouverture communiquant avec ledit orifice d'écoulement, et un garde-gravier (9) constitué par un ensemble de parois perforées entourant ladite ouverture d'écoulement, de façon à permettre le passage de l'eau et à retenir le gravier, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un cadre de retenue d'eau (10) disposé sur la plaque de base de façon à entourer ladite ouverture d'écoulement et présentant une ou plusieurs ouvertures calibrées (15) régulatrices du débit d'écoulement.Device for draining rainwater collected on a substantially horizontal surface of a slab or roof which has a drainage orifice, this device comprising a base plate (8) provided with a drainage opening ( 16) and arranged to be able to be installed on said surface, this opening communicating with said flow orifice, and a gravel guard (9) constituted by a set of perforated walls surrounding said flow opening, so as to allow passage of water and retaining the gravel, characterized in that it comprises a water retaining frame (10) disposed on the base plate so as to surround said flow opening and having one or more calibrated openings ( 15) regulating the flow rate. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le cadre de retenue d'eau (10) est disposé à l'intérieur du garde-gravier (9) et en ce qu'un couvercle perforé est agencé pour recouvrir les parois de ce dernier.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the water retaining frame (10) is arranged inside the gravel guard (9) and in that a perforated cover is arranged to cover the walls of the latter . Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le cadre de retenue d'eau (10) comporte des plaques interchangeables (14) présentant lesdites ouvertures calibrées (15).Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the water retaining frame (10) comprises interchangeable plates (14) having said calibrated openings (15). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures calibrées (15) ont une forme triangulaire, la base du triangle étant parallèle à ladite plaque de base (8).Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the calibrated openings (15) have a triangular shape, the base of the triangle being parallel to said base plate (8). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures calibrées ont une forme rectangulaire ou carrée.Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the calibrated openings have a rectangular or square shape. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures calibrées ont une forme ovale ou circulaire.Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the calibrated openings have an oval or circular shape. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de base (8) est solidaire d'une naissance d'eau pluviale (3) destinée à être reliée à une conduite d'écoulement (5).Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base plate (8) is integral with a source of rain water (3) intended to be connected to a flow pipe (5).
EP94810298A 1993-05-24 1994-05-24 Drainage device for rainwater Withdrawn EP0626485A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH155293A CH689085A5 (en) 1993-05-24 1993-05-24 An rainwater flow.
CH1552/93 1993-05-24

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EP0626485A1 true EP0626485A1 (en) 1994-11-30

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6155015A (en) * 1999-09-09 2000-12-05 Kirby; Mark E. Method for making a sloped floor
US7774998B2 (en) * 2004-03-15 2010-08-17 Sunpower Corporation Ventilated photovoltaic module frame
EP2982810A1 (en) * 2014-08-08 2016-02-10 Optigrün international AG Water drain system with automatically adjustable discharge flows

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1121288A (en) * 1965-11-20 1968-07-24 Wade Internat Ltd Drain head suitable for a roof downpipe
DE1658180A1 (en) * 1967-10-16 1970-06-25 Beme Gmbh Metallerzeugnisse Inlet basket for flat roofs
GB1200990A (en) * 1968-02-15 1970-08-05 Wade Internat Ltd Roof drain
US5051175A (en) * 1989-12-20 1991-09-24 Roof Accessories, Inc. Drain guard

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1121288A (en) * 1965-11-20 1968-07-24 Wade Internat Ltd Drain head suitable for a roof downpipe
DE1658180A1 (en) * 1967-10-16 1970-06-25 Beme Gmbh Metallerzeugnisse Inlet basket for flat roofs
GB1200990A (en) * 1968-02-15 1970-08-05 Wade Internat Ltd Roof drain
US5051175A (en) * 1989-12-20 1991-09-24 Roof Accessories, Inc. Drain guard

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6155015A (en) * 1999-09-09 2000-12-05 Kirby; Mark E. Method for making a sloped floor
US7774998B2 (en) * 2004-03-15 2010-08-17 Sunpower Corporation Ventilated photovoltaic module frame
EP2982810A1 (en) * 2014-08-08 2016-02-10 Optigrün international AG Water drain system with automatically adjustable discharge flows

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CH689085A5 (en) 1998-09-15

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