EP0623969B1 - Gruppenantenne mit optischem Strahlformungs-Netzwerk - Google Patents
Gruppenantenne mit optischem Strahlformungs-Netzwerk Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0623969B1 EP0623969B1 EP94106631A EP94106631A EP0623969B1 EP 0623969 B1 EP0623969 B1 EP 0623969B1 EP 94106631 A EP94106631 A EP 94106631A EP 94106631 A EP94106631 A EP 94106631A EP 0623969 B1 EP0623969 B1 EP 0623969B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- optical
- module
- signal
- transmitter
- receiver
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2676—Optically controlled phased array
Definitions
- the invention relates to a group antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention is particularly applicable to a Antenna system for satellite communication and radar applications in the micro and millimeter wave frequency range, which increasingly as a (1xN) - or two-dimensional (MxN), active antenna groups can be realized.
- phase-controlled Antennas for ground and on-board radar antennas their aperture through a few hundred to several thousand transmit / receive modules (T / R modules) with direct assigned radiator elements.
- the received signal of the antenna is over the same distribution network, mostly as a waveguide structure or is designed as a triplate structure, or transmit a special reception distribution to the receiver.
- the required settings of the RF signals for shaping and panning the antenna pattern, polarization types and calibration for transmit and receive operations takes place by means of phase and amplitude controls in the respective T / R modules.
- Transmit and oscillator signals are generated with a frequency of 2.9 GHz that emitted (Transmit signal) or a mixer (oscillator signal) be supplied for demodulation of the received signal.
- the received electrical signal demodulated in the mixer is electrically amplified and an electro-optical modulator fed. This modulates that from a laser diode emitted light to an optical received signal.
- This and the optical transmit / oscillator signal are preferred via two separate optical distribution networks to one central evaluation unit.
- Each T / R module has an associated light wave guide directly connected to the central unit.
- a generic antenna is known from US Pat. No. 4,885,589 known by means of a central laser arrangement a first optical beam shaping network modulated transmission signals or the unmodulated oscillator signal to the T / R modules conducts, which means in transmission mode the optical transmission signal controlled phase shifter and amplifier to an assigned Radiator element conducts. In reception mode, this is over the radar signal received via the radiator element via controlled Receiving amplifier and phase shifter processed and by means of the unmodulated modulator signal and a modulator converted into an optical modulated received signal, which via a second optical beam forming network of a remote Evaluation unit is supplied.
- the control of the T / R modules takes place via a separate control line structure. This arrangement a group antenna proves to be very complex and very fragile in the connection structure.
- the invention has for its object a generic Specify group antenna that is reliable and inexpensive is producible, the fast and highly precise changes of the Allows phase and / or amplitude assignments and in particular is suitable for an on-board radar application.
- Such an optical waveguide structure can be produced inexpensively.
- a second advantage is that in the optical fiber structure a bidirectional data transmission of all signals done in time-division multiplexing.
- a third advantage is that in every T / R module A digitally controllable T / R module control is available with which the phase and / or are highly precise and fast Amplitude assignment of the entire antenna is adjustable.
- a fourth advantage is that all signals, in particular the transmission signal, the LO signal and the IF signal in the original frequency range via the fiber optic structure be transmitted. Otherwise necessary electrical and / or optical mixers avoided.
- a fifth advantage is that in every T / R module electro-optical as well as opto-electric components that are inexpensive as integrated III-V semiconductor components can be produced, are present.
- FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 show schematically illustrated block diagrams to explain the Invention.
- signals in the x-band are transmitted from a frequency center via a distribution network to the individual T / R modules or from these to signal processing transmitted with a central receiver or antenna sub-group assigned receivers.
- the conventional distribution structure (s) for the x-band signals are advantageously replaced by optical fibers and their combination to form an optical beamforming network.
- Monomode fiber optic cables or distribution networks are used primarily because of their low attenuation and dispersion values at wavelengths from 0.8 ⁇ m to 1.55 ⁇ m .
- the radar-typical transmit signal and LO signal (in time-division multiplex for transmit and receive cases) is directly modulated onto an optical carrier signal using an electro-optical converter, which is advantageously designed as a so-called DFB laser.
- an optoelectric converter which is advantageously designed as a photodiode, is then used to convert the transmit or LO signal into the microwave range and prepare it for radiation by the assigned radiator element. With these signal conversions, the amplitude and phase information is retained.
- various types of transmission for example analog, digital or optical, or unidirectional and bidirectional beamforming networks can be used.
- the invention advantageously combines the favorable properties of optoelectric and electro-optical converters for converting microwave signals, e.g. up to a frequency of 12 GHz, as well as the optical signal distribution and guidance, whereby a low-interference signal flow with low electrical losses and high mechanical Flexibility becomes possible.
- FIG. 1 An arrangement of an active antenna group is shown in FIG. 1 shown.
- the radar-typical transmission signal for the transmission case and the LO (local oscillator) signal for the reception case, both in the microwave range, for example at a frequency of 9 GHz, are transmitted from the frequency center of the radar system to a transmission / Receive changeover switch fed.
- the applied, high-frequency analog signal arrives at a matching circuit for an electro-optical converter, advantageously a laser diode, which is designed, for example, as a so-called DFB laser diode.
- the adapter circuit is designed for minimal electrical losses and low noise as well as the required signal bandwidth, for example of 7.5 GHz. up to 10.5 GHz, optimized, whereby the power supply of the electro-optical converter is achieved via an additional network.
- the adapter circuit for the RF signal (transmit or receive signal) and / or the network for the power supply is advantageously implemented in microstrip line or coplanar technology.
- the optical superposition signal generated by the laser diode for example at a wavelength of 1550 nm, is coupled into a central optical waveguide (LWL) of a beam shaping (beamforming) network.
- LWL central optical waveguide
- beam shaping beamforming
- the subsequent optical amplifier for example designed as a fiber-optical amplifier or an optical semiconductor amplifier, increases the level of the optical signal, which is then distributed and switched on in a line (one-dimensional array) or in a line and column (two-dimensional array) in an optical beamforming network (optical divider) the respective T / R modules are routed via corresponding optical fibers.
- optical beamforming network is based on optical 1: 4 dividers, which are connected in a star or tree structure via optical fibers.
- the 1: 4 signal division is adapted to so-called macromodules, in which 4 T / R modules are combined in a common mechanical housing.
- Optical 1: 5 dividers have proven to be advantageous for generating BITE ( b uild i n t est) signals, the fifth output being able to be used for monitoring the signal transmission.
- One output each of an optical divider (1: 4 or 1: 5) is associated with an optical fiber T / R module coupled, which is shown in FIG. 2 explained in more detail becomes.
- the optical signals via optical fibers to the respective optoelectronic converter, e.g. a photodiode, a T / R module.
- the respective optoelectronic converter e.g. a photodiode, a T / R module.
- the photodiodes of these converters then become the optical signals demodulated.
- the photodiodes become DC voltage biased and to optimize the transmission properties (e.g. noise, insertion loss) adapted for high frequency.
- the output side RF line of the matching network e.g. with 50 ⁇ characteristic impedance and implemented in microstrip technology the electrical resulting from the demodulation Transmit or LO signals a monolithic, low noise Amplifier (LNA) fed.
- the operating frequency range this LNA includes e.g.
- the amplified microwave signal reaches a diplexer, which consists of a combination of two bandpass filters (BPF).
- BPF bandpass filters
- One of the BPF is on the transmit signal, e.g. 9.5 GHz up to 10.5 GHz, optimized, the other for the LO signal, e.g. 7.5 GHz to 8.5 GHz.
- This passive diplexer structure thus enables simple, reliable signal separation with very low insertion loss, e.g.
- This signal separation is in accordance with the respective operating mode of the Radar system (transmit or receive) alternatively with one Changeover switch (SPDT switch), e.g. in monolithic form because of the highest operating frequency of 10.5 GHz specified mechanical T / R module width, executable.
- the transmission signal then arrives at a for transmission and Receipt case same control path, consisting of two switches (SPDT switch), an amplitude controller (executed e.g. as an adjustable amplifier VGA) and a 6-bit Phase adjuster.
- the RF signal becomes corresponding the antenna requirements, e.g. Club shape, Club swing etc. weighted in amplitude and phase.
- each Radiator element supplied to the antenna group After the required power amplification using a driver amplifier and power amplifiers, preferably carried out in a balanced amplifier configuration, that will Send signal via a send / receive switch, e.g. one Circulator, and a low-pass filter (TPF) each Radiator element supplied to the antenna group.
- a send / receive switch e.g. one Circulator
- TPF low-pass filter
- the TPF and the high-pass characteristic of the radiator element e.g. executed in waveguide technology, realize a bandpass characteristic, on the operating frequency range 9.5 GHz to 10.5 GHz is optimized.
- the incoming electromagnetic arrives Radar signal on the arrangement of the radiator elements of the Arrays.
- the respective RF signal in the x-band of a radiator element passes through the TPF and the send / receive switch to a non-reflective limiter.
- the received signal is generated by means of the LNA amplified in the frequency range 9.5 GHz to 10.5 GHz, arrives via the described control path (phase and Amplitude weighting) on a bandpass filter BPF (9.5 GHz10.5 GHz).
- This band-limited signal as well as the LO signal feed one monolithic mixer.
- the resulting IF signal e.g. with a center frequency of 2 GHz, is then after a Low pass filter (TPF) and an IF amplifier at the output of the of the respective T / R module.
- TPF Low pass filter
- T / R module control on each T / R module available.
- This generates control signals St, which the Press the SPDT switch (send / receive switch) and also the phase adjuster and the amplitude adjuster accordingly the desired (antenna) diagram.
- the control of the T / R module control can e.g. electric done with the help of an electric, not shown Control line network.
- the control signals are in encoded digital form in time-division multiplexing via the optical fiber transfer.
- the T / R module control receives in this case a control input signal from the output of the low noise Amplifier LNA. This time division multiplexing procedure is as follows based on FIG. 6 explained in more detail.
- T / R module fine power supply on each T / R module with which e.g. the electrical Tensions generated for the components described and be stabilized.
- the T / R module according to FIG. 3 differs from that of FIG. 2 only in that after the IF amplifier an analog / digital converter for the IF range is inserted.
- the received signals (IF range) in digital form for further transmission and processing in the receiver (conventional radar) or available to several receivers (adaptive array).
- the signal transmission in the case of reception in accordance with FIG. 2nd takes place via coaxial cables and / or distributions in Stripline shape or according to FIG. 3 over one Data bus structure.
- optical signal transmission possible.
- To do this within the T / R modules receive the analog or digital signals (IF range) for direct modulation of a Laser diode (with low laser threshold) used and that respective optical signal generated on special fiber an optical reception distribution.
- the required Demodulation takes place by means of optoelectric Converter on the corresponding evaluation unit (receivers).
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which this is based on the FIG. 1 described optical beamforming network through bi-directional usage is advantageously used. This will relate the effort the optical beamforming network or the optical Reception distribution minimized, especially for one active antenna group.
- the time sequential Radar operation is within a radar cycle
- Beamsteering Unit " Beamsteering Unit
- the setting values of the phase and amplitude adjuster accordingly the antenna requirements for the Transmit and receive case transmitted and buffered, e.g. in a digital memory in the T / R modules is available.
- the laser diode 2 it is possible to omit the laser diode 2 and instead the (main) laser diode (for transmission of the transmission and / or LO signal) electrically with a Signal corresponding to the control signals (initialization signals) to modulate so that a time division multiplex emitted corresponding optical signal.
- T / R module it is advantageous to use a T / R module according to FIG. 3 the analog / digital converter ADC shown there downstream digital buffer. So that in every T / R module in digital form in the IF area Receive signals are buffered.
- FIGS Transducer designation in each module by an electro-optical transmission / reception arrangement according to FIG. 5 to replace.
- the arrangement contains a first one electrical branch, consisting of the already based on the 2, 3 described optoelectric converter (photodiode), an associated electrical matching network and the downstream low - noise amplifier LNA, on its Output the transmit or LO signal is generated.
- the described analog IF signal (receive signal) (FIG. 2) or the corresponding digital IF signal (FIG. 3) that has been cached advantageously the electrical input of the second branch.
- This contains an electrical matching network and a downstream one electro-optical converters, e.g. a laser diode.
- the optical signal routings belonging to the converters are using an optical directional coupler the optical fiber leading to each module.
- Such an arrangement according to FIG. 5 is advantageous fully integrated as an opto-electrical component Form as a semiconductor device, preferably in a so-called III-V technology, e.g. GaAs technology, producible.
- III-V technology e.g. GaAs technology
- the resulting optical signal is then into the optical via the optical directional coupler Beamforming network fed into the central unit (BSU) demodulated and there in a known manner evaluated.
- BSU central unit
- optical fibers of the beamforming network according to FIG. 4 is then bidirectional optical data transmission in the already mentioned Time division multiplex operation possible.
- the time-division multiplex signal contains a transmission signal which is, for example, 1.0 ⁇ s long and which, for example, contains a transmission frequency from a frequency range from 9.5 GHz to 10.5 GHz.
- an initialization telegram required for the subsequent radar cycle n + 1 is sent, for example, in a period of 0.5 ⁇ s.
- the initialization telegram sent by the beam shaping unit (BSU) contains in digital form at least data for setting the SPDT switch and the phase and amplitude adjuster (FIG.
- a cycle n-1 hermoldes received signal, eg during a time of about 0.5 ⁇ of the T / R module's is transmitted.
- the received signal preferably contains IF received data in digital form which relate to the initialization telegram for the radar cycle n contained in the radar cycle n-1.
- the LO signal is transmitted to the T / R module in a time period of approximately 5 ⁇ s, which is required to convert the received signal and which, for example, has a frequency from a frequency range of 7.5 GHz to 8.5 GHz contains. This is followed by the transmission of the time-division multiplex signal for the radar cycle n + 1, which begins with the transmission of the associated transmission signal n + 1.
- FIG. 6b is alternatively another time-division multiplex signal shown for a single T / R module.
- the time division multiplex signal contains a so-called initialization telegram, that e.g. a total of approximately 0.5 ⁇ s long is.
- Initialization telegram contains at least in digital form Data for setting the SPDT switches and the Phase and amplitude adjuster (FIG. 2, 3) and an identifier to identify the associated T / R module.
- Such an initialization telegram is sent by the T / R module controller (FIG. 2, 3) evaluated and then the corresponding Control signals generated.
- the broadcast signal is sent out e.g.
- a transmission frequency contains a frequency range from 9.5 GHz to 10.5 GHz.
- On the transmission signal is then e.g. in a period of time of 5 ⁇ s for converting the received signal required LO signal, e.g. a frequency from a frequency range contains from 7.5 GHz to 8.5 GHz to the T / R module transfer.
- This is followed by one Period of about 0.5 ⁇ s from that by the Initialization telegram addressed T / R module one Transmission of the digital IF reception data available.
- optical beamforming network transmitted to the central unit (BSU) and there before the optical isolator via an optical directional coupler on a central photodiode (with appropriate matching circuit and bias network).
- the optical signal is detected (demodulated) and as conventional Data telegram fed to a receiver and there in a known Way evaluated.
- Transmitting / receiving radiator elements and associated T / R modules can contain all T / R modules via the on the basis of FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 4 described fiber optic network couple and then only a single optical fiber for connection to the associated central processing unit (BSU) use. Otherwise necessary RF transmission lines, e.g. Coaxial cables and / or waveguides are more advantageous Way not needed.
- the laser diode in the central processing unit enables over one another spatially via optical fibers remote radar sensors, e.g. so-called multi-surface arrangements and / or so-called back / forward radar sensors (Forward / backward sensors) and / or so-called look up / look down radar sensors (up / down sensors), in advantageously to couple inexpensively and reliably.
- remote radar sensors e.g. so-called multi-surface arrangements and / or so-called back / forward radar sensors (Forward / backward sensors) and / or so-called look up / look down radar sensors (up / down sensors).
- the invention is not based on the exemplary embodiments described limited, but applicable to others, e.g. on a group antenna for one essential lower frequency range.
Description
Claims (11)
- Gruppenantenne mit optischen Strahlformungs-Netzwerk, zumindest bestehend ausmehreren zeilen- und/oder matrixförmig angeordneten Strahlerelementen zum Senden und/oder Empfangen elektromagneti scher Strahlung,mehreren Sende-/Empfangsmodulen, wobei jedes Strahlerelement an ein zugehöriges Modul angekoppelt ist,einer Steuereinheit, in der zumindest Sendesignale sowie ein Oszillatorsignal für einen in jedem Modul vorhandenen Mischer erzeugt wird,einer Auswerteeinheit, in welcher die von den Strahlerelementen empfangenen Empfangssignale ausgewertet werden,einem ersten optischen Strahlformungs-Netzwerk, das mit Hilfe eines Lichtwellenleiters die Steuereinheit mit einem Sende-/Empfangsmodul verbindet und über das die Sendesignale und das Oszillatorsignal zu dem Modul übertragen werden undeinem zweiten optischen Strahlformungs-Netzwerk, das mit Hilfe eines Lichtwellenleiters die Auswerteeinheit mit einem Sende-/Empfangsmodul verbindet und über das die Empfangssignale von dem Modul übertragen werden, wobeiin jedem Modul ein einstellbarer Phasensteller zum Ändern der Phasenlage des Sende- oder Empfangssignals vorhanden ist,in jedem Modul ein einstellbarer Amplitudensteller zum Ändern der Amplitude des Sende- oder Empfangssignals vorhanden ist,in jedem Modul mindestens ein Sende-/Empfangsumschalter vorhanden ist undin der Steuereinheit eine einzige zentrale Laseranordnung, die optisch an das erste Strahlformungs-Netzwerk gekoppelt ist, vorhanden ist,daß die Steuereinheit und die Auswerteeinheit zu einer zentralen Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit zusammengefaßt sind,daß die beiden optischen Strahlformungs-Netzwerke zu einen gemeinsamen optischen Strahlformungs-Netzwerk zusammengefaßt sind, das mit Hilfe jeweils eines einzigen Lichtwellenleiters die zentralen Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit mit einem Sende-/Empfangsmodul verbindet und über das die Sendesignale, die Empfangssignale, das Oszillatorsignal und die Steuersignale zum und von dem Modul übertragen werden,daß in jedem Modul eine Modul-Steuerung, mit welcher der Phasensteller, der Amplitudensteller sowie der Sende-/Empfangsumschalter auf Basis der Steuersignale der zentralen Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit steuerbar sind, vorhanden ist unddaß an die Laseranordnung ein Modulator angeschlossen ist, so daß das von der Laseranordnung ausgesandte Laserlicht im Zeitmultiplexverfahren zumindest mit einem Initalisierungssignal zur Einstellung mindestens eines Sende-/Empfangsmoduls, dem Sendesignal sowie dem Oszillatorsignals modulierbar ist.
- Gruppenantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Laseranordnung einen Halbleiterlaser enthält und daß in dem Strahlformungs-Netzwerk mindestens ein optischer Verstärker vorhanden ist.
- Gruppenantenne nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß in mindestens einem Modul ein elektro-optischer Wandler vorhanden ist,daß der elektro-optische Wandler optisch an das bidirektional im Zeitmultiplexverfahren betreibbare Strahlformungs-Netzwerk angekoppelt ist unddaß der elektro-optische Wandler elektrisch an den Ausgang eines elektrischen Mischers, der aus dem Oszillatorsignal und dem Empfangssignal ein entsprechendes Zwischenfrequenzsignal erzeugt, angeschlossen ist.
- Gruppenantenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den Mischer und den elektro-optischen Wandler ein Analog-Digital-Wandler zwischengeschaltet ist und daß das Zwischenfrequenzsignal in digitaler Form optisch über das Strahlformungs-Netzwerk zu der zentralen Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit übertragbar ist.
- Gruppenantenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in mindestens einem Modul ein integriertes optoelektrisches Halbleiterbauelement vorhanden ist, zumindest bestehend aus einem Halbleitersubstrat, vorzugsweise einem III-V-Halbleitersubstrat, miteiner integrierten zentralen optischen Signalführung zur Ankopplung an ein Lichtwellenleiter des Strahlformungs-Netzwerkes,einen an die zentrale optische Signalführung angekoppelten optischen Richtkoppler,einem ersten Zweig, zumindest bestehend aus einem optoelektrischem Wandler, einem nachgeschaltetem elektrischen Anpaßnetzwerk sowie einem diesem nachgeschalteten rauscharmen Verstärker (LNA) undeinem zweiten Zweig, zumindest bestehend aus einem elektrooptischen Wandler sowie einem diesem nachgeschaltem elektrischem Anpaßnetzwerk.
- Gruppenantenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeweils mehrere Module, vorzugsweise vier, zu einer Modulgruppe zusammengefaßt sind und daß in dem Strahlformungs-Netzwerk ein an die Anzahl der Module der Modulgruppe angepaßter optischer Teiler vorhanden ist.
- Gruppenantenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei mindestens einem optischen Teiler die Anzahl der optischen Abzweigungen größer ist als die Anzahl der an diesen Teiler angekoppelten Module und daß eine dieser zusätzlichen Abzweigungen für elektrooptische und/oder optoelektrische Testvorgänge vorgesehen ist.
- Gruppenantenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in mindestens einem Modul ein aus passiven elektrischen Bauelementen aufgebauter elektrischer Diplexer vorhanden ist, in welchem die im Zeitmultiplex anliegenden Sende- und LO-Oszillatorsignale in getrennte elektrische Zweige aufspaltbar sind.
- Gruppenantenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß mehrere räumlich getrennte Antennenanordnungen, die jeweils aus mehreren Modulen und/oder Modulgruppen bestehen, vorhanden sind unddaß die getrennten Anordnungen über zugehörige optische Teiler an das optische Strahlformungs-Netzwerk angeschlossen sind.
- Gruppenantenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strahlerelemente, deren zeilen- oder matrixförmige Anordnung sowie die Module sowie deren zeilen- oder matrixförmige Anordnung auf eine elektromagnetische Strahlung im Millimeterwellen- oder Mikrometerwellen-Bereich abgestimmt sind.
- Gruppenantenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß das Strahlformungs-Netzwerk mindestens eine optishe Verzweigung in Form einer Stern- oder Baumstruktur enthält,daß das Strahlformungs-Netzwerk für einen optisch bidirektionalen Zeitmultiplexbetrieb ausgelegt ist unddaß in der zentralen Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit ein optischer Isolator vorhanden ist zur optischen Trennung der ausgesandten und empfangenen optischen Signale.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4314406A DE4314406C2 (de) | 1993-05-03 | 1993-05-03 | Gruppenantenne mit optischem Strahlformungs-Netzwerk |
DE4314406 | 1993-05-03 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0623969A2 EP0623969A2 (de) | 1994-11-09 |
EP0623969A3 EP0623969A3 (de) | 1995-12-27 |
EP0623969B1 true EP0623969B1 (de) | 2001-06-27 |
Family
ID=6486914
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP94106631A Expired - Lifetime EP0623969B1 (de) | 1993-05-03 | 1994-04-28 | Gruppenantenne mit optischem Strahlformungs-Netzwerk |
Country Status (2)
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EP (1) | EP0623969B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4314406C2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19613824A1 (de) * | 1996-04-06 | 1997-10-16 | Univ Dresden Tech | Verfahren und Anordnung zur optischen Erzeugung von Mikrowellen |
KR102470140B1 (ko) | 2018-09-03 | 2022-11-24 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 빔포밍 통신을 위한 송수신 장치 및 방법 |
CN112600586B (zh) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-05-28 | 北京永为正信电子技术发展有限公司 | 通信终端设备 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL7807170A (nl) * | 1978-06-30 | 1980-01-03 | Hollandse Signaalapparaten Bv | Radarsysteem. |
US4814773A (en) * | 1983-05-11 | 1989-03-21 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Fiber optic feed network for radar |
US4885589A (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1989-12-05 | General Electric Company | Optical distribution of transmitter signals and antenna returns in a phased array radar system |
US5051754A (en) * | 1990-08-15 | 1991-09-24 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Optoelectronic wide bandwidth photonic beamsteering phased array |
US5247309A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1993-09-21 | Grumman Aerospace Corporation | Opto-electrical transmitter/receiver module |
DE4136801A1 (de) * | 1991-11-08 | 1993-05-13 | Daimler Benz Ag | Gruppenantenne |
-
1993
- 1993-05-03 DE DE4314406A patent/DE4314406C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-04-28 EP EP94106631A patent/EP0623969B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-28 DE DE59409791T patent/DE59409791D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4314406A1 (de) | 1994-11-10 |
EP0623969A2 (de) | 1994-11-09 |
EP0623969A3 (de) | 1995-12-27 |
DE4314406C2 (de) | 2002-11-21 |
DE59409791D1 (de) | 2001-08-02 |
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