EP0620185A1 - Wärmedämmende Einheit und Verfahren zur Herstellung - Google Patents

Wärmedämmende Einheit und Verfahren zur Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0620185A1
EP0620185A1 EP93304974A EP93304974A EP0620185A1 EP 0620185 A1 EP0620185 A1 EP 0620185A1 EP 93304974 A EP93304974 A EP 93304974A EP 93304974 A EP93304974 A EP 93304974A EP 0620185 A1 EP0620185 A1 EP 0620185A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thermal insulating
array
fibers
support member
insulating unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93304974A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zivile Marija Groh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Albany International Corp
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Albany International Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Albany International Corp filed Critical Albany International Corp
Publication of EP0620185A1 publication Critical patent/EP0620185A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B68—SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY
    • B68G—METHODS, EQUIPMENT, OR MACHINES FOR USE IN UPHOLSTERING; UPHOLSTERY NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B68G1/00—Loose filling materials for upholstery
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/42—Chenille threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/08—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres or yarns

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a thermal insulating unit and to methods for manufacturing such units, as well as to a thermal insulating material comprising an assemblage of such units. More particularly, this invention relates to light-weight thermal insulation systems produced using fine fibers in low density cluster assemblies.
  • Donovan U.S. Patent No. 4,588,635
  • a synthetic fiber batt thermal insulation which contains a specific intimate blend of fibers of two distinct diameters.
  • the predominant fine microfiber species provides the thermal barrier characteristics, and the lesser proportion of large diameter macrofiber enhances the mechanical properties required in a practical insulator.
  • the concept of providing an optimum combination of thermal and mechanical performance through the provision of a blend of fine and coarse fibers was extended in Donovan et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,992,327, which describes a bonded version of the '635 invention with even more advantageous mechanical properties.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,418,103 describes a product and a technique for achieving this objective, in which a large number of crimped fibers are joined together at one end and are spread spherically from the joined end.
  • Various advantageous combinations of fiber sizes and crimp densities are suggested, and the product described is similar in appearance to some down units.
  • the thermal performance of the example described is equivalent to that of medium quality down, and the mechanical behavior is very good.
  • the process described for the manufacture of these units does not appear to be particularly cost-effective, and there is no evidence that a commercial product made according to these claims has appeared in the U.S. market in the ten years since the patent issued.
  • the present invention provides a thermal insulating unit comprising an elongate support member having a linear density of from about 5 to 150 mg/m and having attached thereto a generally dispersed array of discrete fine fibers having diameters of from about 1.0 to 25.0 micrometers, wherein the average mass per axial unit length of fibers in the array is less than the mass per axial unit length of the support member.
  • the "mass per axial unit length" is measured in two distinct ways. That is, there is a first average mass per axial unit length as measured along the axes of the fine fibers and a second average mass per unit length as measured along the axes of the support members. In other words, there is a first average linear density of fine fibers as measured by the total mass of fine fibers in the array divided by the total length of fine fibers, and a second average linear density of support fibers as measured by the total mass of support members in the array divided by the total length of support members.
  • the present invention also provides a thermal insulating material comprising an assemblage of the above-mentioned thermal insulating units.
  • the present invention provides the use of such thermal insulating units as a low density filling material, for example, as a replacement for natural down; in particular, the present invention provides the use of such units in traditional down processing equipment to produce insulating items.
  • the present invention also provides a method of manufacturing a man-made thermal insulating cluster, which comprises the steps of:
  • the present invention provides a method of preparing a thermal insulating unit as described above, comprising the steps of:
  • the present invention further provides a thermal insulating unit obtainable by means of any of the abovementioned methods of manufacture.
  • the present invention provides a down-like filling material made up of an assemblage of discrete individual units, each unit having a geometric configuration designed to optimize the thermal insulating properties of the assembly.
  • the individual units are made up of a supporting member of a predetermined length, whose dimensions and mechanical properties are such that the member has sufficient rigidity to maintain its extended configuration, to which is attached an array of fine fibers whose principal function is to provide the thermal barrier properties of the assembly.
  • the two components of the units must act cooperatively if the optimum thermal properties are to be achieved. This can be achieved if the fine fibers form a generally dispersed array, and the distribution of fine fibers along the supporting element is generally uniform.
  • the length of the fringe of fine fibers and the length of the support element can vary over a wide range, but there are some important limitations on the relative dimensions and proportions of the two components if an optimum assembly is required.
  • the simplest configuration which satisfies the above concept is a length of monofilament support material to which is adhesively attached a planar array of fine, more-or-less parallel fibers, with the support filament and the fibers that make up the fringe being substantially perpendicular and the support filament attachment points being located near the center line of the fringe. While this configuration is simple and symmetrical, it should not be considered as limiting, and many variations are possible which still preserve the essential features of the concept.
  • the fine fiber array is capable of wide variation within the essential framework of this invention.
  • One of the simplest and most direct ways of providing this array is to make use of spread multifilament tow, using a process similar to that described in U.S. Patent No. 3,423,795 to Watson, incorporated herein by reference, but it is also possible to achieve the same effect through the use of a creel or warp beam which feeds individual filaments or untwisted multifilament yarns or tows through a reed in a side-by-side configuration.
  • the essential feature that is common to these techniques is that they are capable of providing a thin layer of filaments held in a more-or-less parallel side-by-side configuration.
  • This layer of filaments is then subsequently modified by the attachment of a multiplicity of bonding and support members which cross the array at a high angle, after which the partially bonded layer of filaments is subdivided to form a number of separate sub-units, each of which consists of a finite length of bonded support member to which are attached a large number of crossing fibers and which form one of the embodiments of this invention.
  • the simple configuration described above involves a support member which is a monofilament adhesively attached to the array of fine crossing filaments.
  • This embodiment is made by laying an adhesively coated monofilament material down in contact with the thin fiber array, so that the monofilament provides both a support and a bonding function.
  • the actual geometrical configuration of the monofilament is not important. In its usual sense the word monofilament implies an entity with a generally circular cross section, but the cross section can be of any shape, and it is possible to provide the same function with a flattened strip of polymer with a rectangular or other elongate cross section shape formed by cutting a narrow ribbon of material from a thin sheet of polymer. In this embodiment it is only necessary to have an adhesive layer on one side of the ribbon.
  • the monofilaments or ribbons are provided with a separate layer of adhesive material, but it is possible to combine the two functions - support and bonding - into a single entity.
  • a line of adhesive is laid down directly across the fine filament array from a suitable nozzle in sufficient quantity that it is capable of providing the support function in its own right when it is set, dried and cured. This is equivalent to combining the extrusion step of a melt spun filament with the laydown step and can provide a highly cost-effective way of making the product if the material type and disposition are properly chosen.
  • a bonded and supported array of fine fibers by fusing or bonding a section of the fine fiber in situ using, for example, a hot wire or an ultrasonic bonder under carefully controlled conditions.
  • the objective is to melt and fuse an extended linear region of the fine fibers under controlled conditions so that the partially melted fibers stick together locally and the resolidified melt line has sufficient stiffness and integrity to constitute a support member.
  • no material additional to the fine fiber array is involved in the system and the weight penalty is minimized, but it is difficult to achieve all the mechanical requirements of the support member by this means.
  • the line of stitching which may be made up of monofilament or multifilament yarn or a combination of the two, not only provides a mechanical interlocking which holds the fine fiber array in place, it also can be made sufficiently stiff that it can act as the support member without the need for any additional adhesive. This, too, provides a mechanically efficient and cost-effective way of practicing the elements of the invention.
  • a unit assembly 1 comprises an array of fine fibers 2 provided with a support member 3.
  • the array 2 has been attached in substantially linear fashion to support member 3.
  • step (b) material comprising substantially parallel fibers 10 is treated in step (b) to space the fibers 10 apart, and macrofibers 11 are interwoven through fibers 10 in step (c). Then, in step (d), the material is cut in the area of dotted lines 12, which are substantially parallel to macrofibers 11.
  • the assemblies 14 resulting from step (d) are cut perpendicularly, that is, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, in step (e) to form the unit assemblies 15 shown in (f).
  • the materials of choice for the two components of the individual units of this invention are preferably polymeric, particularly if a thermal barrier application is contemplated, since the thermal conductivity of the materials which make up the units can be minimized by this choice.
  • the concept is not limited to polymeric materials, particularly for the fine fiber component, and fiber arrays of ceramic, carbon or glass materials can be used.
  • a polymeric assembly it can be produced from any of the synthetic fiber-forming polymers in commercial use, including, without limitation, polyester, nylon, rayon, acetate, acrylic, modacrylic, polyolefins, spandex, poly-aramides, polyimides, fluorocarbons, polybenzimidazols, polyvinylalcohols, polydiacetylenes, polyetherketones, polyimidazols and phenylene sulphide polymers such as RYTON.
  • the assemblies could also be made by incorporating any of the natural fibers such as, for example, silk, cotton, wool or flax, provided that the requisite dimensional and mechanical criteria for the components are met.
  • the range of possible design parameters for assemblies according to the invention can be estimated by considering the geometric properties of the assemblies.
  • Table I Dimensional Characteristics of Single-species Fiber Assemblies Denier Diameter (Micrometers) Total Length (cm) 0.1 3.2 126900 0.5 7.1 25380 1.0 10.0 12690 5.0 22.7 2538 10.0 31.6 1269 50.0 70.7 254 100.0 100.0 127 500.0 227.0 25.4 1000.0 316.0 12.7
  • the information in Table I is valid for unit volume of assemblies which contain fibers with a single diameter.
  • the fiber units have a large number of fine fibers, which contribute the insulating properties of the material, attached to a support element, which can also be a fiber, which controls the spacial distribution of these fine fibers.
  • this support element In order to do this effectively, this support element must be stiffer, and hence larger in diameter than the fine-fiber array; consequently, it makes a considerable contribution to the weight of the assembly and dilutes the insulating properties of the fine-fiber array.
  • Table I may be divided into two sections on the basis of diameter. Fibers falling within the range of 0.1 to 5.0 denier may be considered as insulating fibers, although the insulation performance at both ends of this range is compromised by the physics of the heat transfer process, as is explained in U.S. Patent No. 4,992,327, incorporated by reference. Filaments falling within the range of 50 to 1000 denier may be considered support fibers. Fibers with linear densities around 10 denier are not particularly effective providers either of insulation or mechanical support, and insulating assemblies containing significant components of fibers of this size exhibit mediocre all-around performance.
  • One of the preferred techniques for forming the product of this invention is to attach the support fiber in a more-or-less perpendicular manner across a thin array of essentially parallel fine filaments.
  • these fine filaments should be dispersed to the maximum extent possible at the points where they attach to the supporting fiber.
  • Optimum dispersion will occur when the fine fibers lie in a single layer at the attachment points, with the mean spacing between individual filaments being the maximum that the geometry of the system will allow. The minimum spacing occurs when this microlayer array of fine filaments is in side-by-side contact, and this represents a limiting configuration for the array.
  • the total number of 2 cm fibers per centimeter of support filament can be calculated, as shown in Table II, and if the calculated fine fiber diameter is used to define the minimum space that a single fiber can occupy, we arrive at the minimum total length of support filament needed to satisfy the maximum dispersion requirement. Better dispersion would be achieved if the fibers were allowed to spread more than this.
  • the thermal fibers should be within the range of 0.1 to 5.0 denier, and preferably within the range 0.5 to 1.5 denier, and the support element must lie within the range 50 to 1000 denier, and preferably approximately 500 denier. If the fiber sizes show any significant digression beyond these ranges, the geometric relationships become difficult to fulfil and the thermal and mechanical performance of the assembly will be rapidly compromised.
  • Examples of down-like clusters in accordance with the present invention were prepared and their geometric, mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated.
  • the synthetic down clusters of these particular examples were made by laying a thin uniform sheet of opened continuous filament polyester tow between two sheets of manilla paper and subsequently sewing through the paper/tow/paper assembly using parallel lines of stitching running perpendicular to the general overall direction of the filaments in the spread tow.
  • Three different tows were used to produce the examples: Example 1 incorporated a spread tow of 0.5 denier polyester filaments; Example 2 incorporated a spread tow of 1.2 denier polyester filaments; and Example 3 incorporated a spread tow of 5.0 denier polyester filaments.
  • the sandwich assemblies were cut into strips along lines located half way between the rows of stitching.
  • the outer layers of paper were then removed from the strips to reveal long lengths of fiber fringes anchored by the lines of stitching. These fringed strips were then cut into short lengths to yield a collection of down-like clusters.
  • the geometrical and gravimetric parameters of clusters of the three examples are given in Table IV: the measurements were made on 10 samples selected at random from the various assemblies. The information relative to the support elements (stems) was found by cutting off the fringe fibers and removing the residual fine fiber material from the lines of stitching.
  • the fine filaments in these three examples are representative of a range for the practical production of high performance insulation materials according to the invention.
  • the 0.1 denier value chosen as the lower limit of fringe fiber linear density in the tables herein represents a valid and justifiable limit for this particular concept.
  • the fringe length (33 mm) and the length of the support element (45 mm) chosen for these examples are close to the values used in the representative calculations leading to the information that is embodied on Tables I through IV, but these values should not be considered as limiting.
  • the fringe fiber length in the practical examples was chosen as representative of the filament length in natural down clusters, and it is well suited to the practicality of the manufacturing technique.
  • the upper level of this parameter has not been determined, but simple order of magnitude calculations on the mechanics of deformation of fine fibers suggests that organized arrays of fine fibers ( ⁇ 0.5 denier) are only marginally self-supporting if the fiber length exceeds more than a few tens of millimeters.
  • the length of the clusters may vary. In experimental studies clusters up to 220 mm in length were investigated, but most of the work was concentrated on the range 25 to 40 mm, with the choice again driven by a desire to match the general dimensions of natural down clusters. Experience suggests that this parameter can be selected on the basis of convenience in the manufacturing process and practicality in the application stage, since there does not seem to be any fundamental physical limits to its value.
  • Density The volume of each insulator sample was determined by fixing two planar sample dimensions and then measuring thickness at 0.014 KPa (0.002 lb/in2) pressure. The mass of each sample divided by the volume thus obtained is the basis for density values reported herein. Thickness was measured at 0.014 kPa (0.002 lb/in2). Apparent Thermal Conductivity was measured in accordance with the plate-sample/plate method described by ASTM Method C518.
  • test specimen thickness was 52.9 mm (2.08 in)
  • test density was 8.0 Kg/m3 (0.5 lb/ft3)
  • heat flow was upward with a temperature differential of 28°C (50°F) and a mean temperature of 23°C (74°F).
  • Compressional Recovery and Work of Compression and Recovery Section 4.3.2 of Military Specification MIL-B-41826E describes a compressional-recovery test technique for fibrous batting that was adapted for this work.
  • the essential difference between the Military Specification method and the one employed is the lower pressure at which initial thickness and recovered-to-thickness were measured.
  • the measuring pressure in the Military Specification is 0.07 kPa (0.01 lb/in2) whereas 0.014 kPa (0.002 lb/in2) was used in this work.
  • down used throughout the examples was actually a down/feathers mixture, 80/20 by weight, per MIL-F-43097G, Type II Class I. This mixture is commonly and commercially referred to as “down” and is referred to as “down” herein.
  • the most noticeable feature of these results is the low minimum density and the higher compressional recovery of the downlike clusters compared with the PRIMALOFT batt, which represents good performance for fine fibers in a batt configuration.
  • the low minimum density of the new down-like product is attributable directly to the fact that the assembly is made up of a large number of discrete, individual units which are free to move independently when they are agitated, and this permits the establishment of a very low density assembly, exactly as is the case with down.
  • the minimum density achieved in these examples of the new units is not quite as low as that which is achievable with down, but there is no doubt that this property could be fine-tuned by manipulation of the geometric parameters of the units.
  • the PRIMALOFT batt contains a blend of fibers very similar to that found in Example 1, but the fibers making up the PRIMALOFT assembly are effectively bonded together to create an integral entity and this bonding, while providing excellent mechanical stability against disruptive influences, acts to prevent the establishment of a low density condition by unassisted recovery or by agitation.
  • Another direct manifestation of the advantages of the ability of the new configuration is the high values of compressional recovery that are given in Table V. In this case the superiority of the examples over both PRIMALOFT batt and down is clear, and the values of compressional recovery that are reported in this table are extraordinarily high.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
EP93304974A 1993-04-16 1993-06-25 Wärmedämmende Einheit und Verfahren zur Herstellung Withdrawn EP0620185A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48876 1987-05-12
US4887693A 1993-04-16 1993-04-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0620185A1 true EP0620185A1 (de) 1994-10-19

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EP93304974A Withdrawn EP0620185A1 (de) 1993-04-16 1993-06-25 Wärmedämmende Einheit und Verfahren zur Herstellung

Country Status (7)

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EP (1) EP0620185A1 (de)
JP (1) JPH06313235A (de)
AU (1) AU3872993A (de)
BR (1) BR9302203A (de)
CA (1) CA2096470A1 (de)
FI (1) FI932353A (de)
NO (1) NO931857L (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998000593A1 (en) * 1996-06-28 1998-01-08 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company New fiberfill structure
EP3125711A4 (de) * 2014-04-01 2017-11-01 The North Face Apparel Corporation Synthetische füllmaterialien mit verbundfaserstrukturen
KR200489047Y1 (ko) * 2018-01-22 2019-04-22 박숙동 양모로 형성된 모루

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH358015A (de) * 1958-01-31 1961-10-31 Tuellmaschinenbau Karl Marx St Garn und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
UST869020I4 (en) * 1969-05-02 1969-12-30 Process for making chenille-type yarn
US3715878A (en) * 1969-05-02 1973-02-13 Hercules Inc Process for making chenille-type yarn
FR2220606A1 (en) * 1973-03-08 1974-10-04 Huard Ets Fancy yarn having feathery appearance - produced by tufts electrically flocked onto a core filament and compressed
WO1978000012A1 (fr) * 1977-06-08 1978-12-21 Rhone Poulenc Textile Materiau de garnissage fibreux et procede pour son obtention
US4588635A (en) * 1985-09-26 1986-05-13 Albany International Corp. Synthetic down
US4992327A (en) * 1987-02-20 1991-02-12 Albany International Corp. Synthetic down
US5043207A (en) * 1988-10-10 1991-08-27 Albany International Corp. Thermally insulating continuous filaments materials

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH358015A (de) * 1958-01-31 1961-10-31 Tuellmaschinenbau Karl Marx St Garn und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
UST869020I4 (en) * 1969-05-02 1969-12-30 Process for making chenille-type yarn
US3715878A (en) * 1969-05-02 1973-02-13 Hercules Inc Process for making chenille-type yarn
FR2220606A1 (en) * 1973-03-08 1974-10-04 Huard Ets Fancy yarn having feathery appearance - produced by tufts electrically flocked onto a core filament and compressed
WO1978000012A1 (fr) * 1977-06-08 1978-12-21 Rhone Poulenc Textile Materiau de garnissage fibreux et procede pour son obtention
US4588635A (en) * 1985-09-26 1986-05-13 Albany International Corp. Synthetic down
US4992327A (en) * 1987-02-20 1991-02-12 Albany International Corp. Synthetic down
US5043207A (en) * 1988-10-10 1991-08-27 Albany International Corp. Thermally insulating continuous filaments materials

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998000593A1 (en) * 1996-06-28 1998-01-08 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company New fiberfill structure
US5851665A (en) * 1996-06-28 1998-12-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fiberfill structure
US6053999A (en) * 1996-06-28 2000-04-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fiberfill structure
EP3125711A4 (de) * 2014-04-01 2017-11-01 The North Face Apparel Corporation Synthetische füllmaterialien mit verbundfaserstrukturen
US10526749B2 (en) 2014-04-01 2020-01-07 The North Face Apparel Corp. Synthetic fill materials having composite fiber structures
KR200489047Y1 (ko) * 2018-01-22 2019-04-22 박숙동 양모로 형성된 모루

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO931857L (no) 1994-10-17
JPH06313235A (ja) 1994-11-08
AU3872993A (en) 1994-12-08
BR9302203A (pt) 1994-11-08
FI932353A0 (fi) 1993-05-24
FI932353A (fi) 1994-10-17
CA2096470A1 (en) 1994-10-17
NO931857D0 (no) 1993-05-21

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