EP0616024A1 - Process for recovering olive oil - Google Patents
Process for recovering olive oil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0616024A1 EP0616024A1 EP92919511A EP92919511A EP0616024A1 EP 0616024 A1 EP0616024 A1 EP 0616024A1 EP 92919511 A EP92919511 A EP 92919511A EP 92919511 A EP92919511 A EP 92919511A EP 0616024 A1 EP0616024 A1 EP 0616024A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- olive
- oil
- recovering
- olive oil
- stones
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/025—Pretreatment by enzymes or microorganisms, living or dead
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for recovering an oil component of a good quality, with high efficiency, by extracting and separating it from olive drupes with stones removed.
- a general method of extracting olive oil is as shown in FIG. 1. That is, olive drupes 1 with leaves removed (Step 2) are washed (Step 3), and crushed (Step 4) together with stones (pyrenes). The crushed olive is kneaded for 30 to 90 minutes in a kneading machine (Step 5), and water is added thereto. Then, the mixture is transferred to a decanter and the husk is removed (Step 6), obtaining juice 10. Subsequently, oil is centrifugally separated from the juice 10 (Step 7) and filtrated (Step 8), thereby obtaining pure olive oil 9.
- the oil component present in the stones simultaneously extracted it contaminates the olive oil. Since lipid degradable enzyme is contained in a high level in the stones, the quality of oil possibly decreases in an extraction step, and the flavor and taste of oil tends to deteriorate in a storage step.
- the stones should be removed.
- a recovering rate of an oil component is extremely low as compared to that obtained from olive drupes with stones.
- no practical methods have been known to remove the stones efficiently.
- a method for extracting oil from the olive drupes with stones removed has not yet been adopted in factory production.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive and extensive studies with a view toward attaining the above-mentioned object, and found that using a specific enzyme, an oil component can be obtained at a good recovering rate from olive drupes with stones removed, and that employing specific means in combination, the stones can be efficiently removed in a practical manner.
- the present invention has been achieved based on the above-findings, and provides a method for extracting an oil component, which comprises the steps of: adding either cellulase or cellulase and protease to olive drupes with stones removed; reacting the resultant mixture while stirring; and separating an elated oil component. Further the present invention provides a method of performing the above-mentioned removal of stones by a crusher, which crushes only the sarcocarp (pulp) of olive with stones removed, and by a strainer.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram to explain a conventional method for recovering olive oil.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram to explain an example of the method for recovering olive oil of the present invention.
- Step 22 after leaves of harvested olive drupes 21 are removed (Step 22) by the conventional method and washed (Step 23), the olive drupes are crushed by a crusher in cooperation with a strainer, thereby removing the stones (Step 24).
- the crusher should crush only olive sarcocarps.
- a Micrograter is used as an example of the crusher.
- the Micrograter is a low-height and hard-type cylindrical container having a stirring means with projections disposed therein and has a function of separating the sarcocarp of olive from the stones without giving damage to the stones and make the sarcocarp into pieces with high efficiency.
- a slope is provided to the cylindrical container to adjust the holding-time in the container of olive drupes.
- a Stiner a Seed Pulper is used.
- the seed pulper is a horizontal cylindrical container composed of double cylinders.
- the inner cylinder as a kind of grating, the sarcocarps are pushed out through the grating with a scraper disposed in the cylinder and the separated stones left in the cylinder are discarded from an end of the cylinder.
- the crusher and the strainer of the present invention will not be limited by the structures of the above mentioned ones, which are merely introduced by way of example.
- Crushed olive with stones removed is in a paste state.
- water is added, and then either cellulase or cellulase and protease 25 are added as an enzyme.
- the resultant mixture is allowed to react while being stirred (Step 26).
- These enzymes destroy the cellular membrane of olive to facilitate oil extraction from the sarcocarp.
- the enzymes As examples of the enzymes, OLIVEX, PECTINEX (provided by Novo Nordisk Bioindustry, Ltd.) may be used. However, as long as it has an activity equivalent to that of the above-mentioned enzyme product, any commercially available enzyme product may be used.
- the amount of enzyme to be added and time for stirring vary depending on types and the ripening of olive.
- the amount of enzyme to be added is approximately 100 to 1000 ppm relative to olive, preferably 200 to 500 ppm.
- the time for stirring is preferably about 30 to 120 minutes.
- the reaction temperature is adjusted to 20 to 50°C and a pH value is desirably 3 to 5.
- the husk is decanted and removed from the enzyme reaction product (Step 27). Then, oil is centrifugally separated from juice 31 (Step 28), and filtrated (Step 29), thereby obtaining olive oil 30. Since the enzyme is still remained in the separated juice 31, the juice can be used again as the water to be added to the reaction 26 with stirring. Applying a three-phase separating decanter to the decanting step, the oil component, juice, and the husk can be separated, thereby reducing the load of the next centrifugation step.
- the olive drupes (an oil component: 18.5 %, water: 71 %, a solid composition: 10.5 %, and pH: 3.5) were washed, and their stones were manually removed. Then, 300 g of the olive drupes was crushed by a blender to obtain olive paste. To the paste, water was added in an equal amount to that of the paste, and the mixture was divided into two fractions. To one of the fractions, 400 ppm of PECTINEX (provided by Novo Nordisk Bioindustry, Ltd.,) was added. Both fractions were agitated by a stirrer with propeller blades for one hour, subjected to centrifugal separation at 5000 rpm for 15 minutes.
- PECTINEX provided by Novo Nordisk Bioindustry, Ltd.
- the separated liquid portion was further centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, thereby collecting a separated oil component.
- the temperature was 24°C during the reaction with stirring.
- the flavor and taste of olive oil extracted from the fraction containing the enzyme is superior to those of the fraction containing no enzyme.
- the results of this Example are shown in Table 1.
- the olive paste was composed of an oil component of 13.5 %, water of 78.5 %, and a solid component of 8.1 % (pH of 4.2). To this paste, water was added in an equal amount to that of the paste, and then, 400 ppm of OLIVEX (provided by Novo Nordisk Bioindustry Ltd.,) was added thereto. The mixture was agitated by a stirrer with propeller blades at 80 rpm for 1.5 hours.
- olive oil can be efficiently extracted in a high yield from olive drupes with stones removed.
Abstract
An olive oil which little undergoes any deterioration in quality can be obtained in a high yield by pitting olive fruits on a crusher and a strainer, adding 100 to 1,000 ppm of cellulase and optionally protease to the pitted fruits, stirring the mixture at 20 to 50 °C for 30 to 120 min to cause a reaction, and recovering separated oil.
Description
- The present invention relates to a method for recovering an oil component of a good quality, with high efficiency, by extracting and separating it from olive drupes with stones removed.
- A general method of extracting olive oil is as shown in FIG. 1. That is,
olive drupes 1 with leaves removed (Step 2) are washed (Step 3), and crushed (Step 4) together with stones (pyrenes). The crushed olive is kneaded for 30 to 90 minutes in a kneading machine (Step 5), and water is added thereto. Then, the mixture is transferred to a decanter and the husk is removed (Step 6), obtainingjuice 10. Subsequently, oil is centrifugally separated from the juice 10 (Step 7) and filtrated (Step 8), thereby obtainingpure olive oil 9. - In the above-mentioned method, as the oil component present in the stones simultaneously extracted, it contaminates the olive oil. Since lipid degradable enzyme is contained in a high level in the stones, the quality of oil possibly decreases in an extraction step, and the flavor and taste of oil tends to deteriorate in a storage step.
- To solve the above-mentioned problems, the stones should be removed. However, when olive drupes with stones removed are treated, as they are, by the above-mentioned conventional method, a recovering rate of an oil component is extremely low as compared to that obtained from olive drupes with stones. In addition, no practical methods have been known to remove the stones efficiently. Hence, a method for extracting oil from the olive drupes with stones removed has not yet been adopted in factory production.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for extracting oil of a good quality with high efficiency from olive drupes with stones removed.
- The present inventors have conducted intensive and extensive studies with a view toward attaining the above-mentioned object, and found that using a specific enzyme, an oil component can be obtained at a good recovering rate from olive drupes with stones removed, and that employing specific means in combination, the stones can be efficiently removed in a practical manner.
- The present invention has been achieved based on the above-findings, and provides a method for extracting an oil component, which comprises the steps of: adding either cellulase or cellulase and protease to olive drupes with stones removed; reacting the resultant mixture while stirring; and separating an elated oil component. Further the present invention provides a method of performing the above-mentioned removal of stones by a crusher, which crushes only the sarcocarp (pulp) of olive with stones removed, and by a strainer.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram to explain a conventional method for recovering olive oil.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram to explain an example of the method for recovering olive oil of the present invention.
- Hereinbelow, the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. 2.
- In FIG. 2, after leaves of harvested
olive drupes 21 are removed (Step 22) by the conventional method and washed (Step 23), the olive drupes are crushed by a crusher in cooperation with a strainer, thereby removing the stones (Step 24). The crusher should crush only olive sarcocarps. As an example of the crusher, a Micrograter is used. The Micrograter is a low-height and hard-type cylindrical container having a stirring means with projections disposed therein and has a function of separating the sarcocarp of olive from the stones without giving damage to the stones and make the sarcocarp into pieces with high efficiency. To ensure this function, a slope is provided to the cylindrical container to adjust the holding-time in the container of olive drupes. As an example of a stainer, a Seed Pulper is used. The seed pulper is a horizontal cylindrical container composed of double cylinders. Using the inner cylinder as a kind of grating, the sarcocarps are pushed out through the grating with a scraper disposed in the cylinder and the separated stones left in the cylinder are discarded from an end of the cylinder. The crusher and the strainer of the present invention will not be limited by the structures of the above mentioned ones, which are merely introduced by way of example. - Crushed olive with stones removed is in a paste state. To this olive paste, water is added, and then either cellulase or cellulase and
protease 25 are added as an enzyme. The resultant mixture is allowed to react while being stirred (Step 26). These enzymes destroy the cellular membrane of olive to facilitate oil extraction from the sarcocarp. - As examples of the enzymes, OLIVEX, PECTINEX (provided by Novo Nordisk Bioindustry, Ltd.) may be used. However, as long as it has an activity equivalent to that of the above-mentioned enzyme product, any commercially available enzyme product may be used. The amount of enzyme to be added and time for stirring vary depending on types and the ripening of olive. The amount of enzyme to be added is approximately 100 to 1000 ppm relative to olive, preferably 200 to 500 ppm. The time for stirring is preferably about 30 to 120 minutes. The reaction temperature is adjusted to 20 to 50°C and a pH value is desirably 3 to 5.
- After a completion of the reaction with enzyme, the husk is decanted and removed from the enzyme reaction product (Step 27). Then, oil is centrifugally separated from juice 31 (Step 28), and filtrated (Step 29), thereby obtaining
olive oil 30. Since the enzyme is still remained in theseparated juice 31, the juice can be used again as the water to be added to thereaction 26 with stirring. Applying a three-phase separating decanter to the decanting step, the oil component, juice, and the husk can be separated, thereby reducing the load of the next centrifugation step. - After removing leaves, the olive drupes (an oil component: 18.5 %, water: 71 %, a solid composition: 10.5 %, and pH: 3.5) were washed, and their stones were manually removed. Then, 300 g of the olive drupes was crushed by a blender to obtain olive paste. To the paste, water was added in an equal amount to that of the paste, and the mixture was divided into two fractions. To one of the fractions, 400 ppm of PECTINEX (provided by Novo Nordisk Bioindustry, Ltd.,) was added. Both fractions were agitated by a stirrer with propeller blades for one hour, subjected to centrifugal separation at 5000 rpm for 15 minutes. The separated liquid portion was further centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, thereby collecting a separated oil component. The temperature was 24°C during the reaction with stirring. The flavor and taste of olive oil extracted from the fraction containing the enzyme is superior to those of the fraction containing no enzyme. The results of this Example are shown in Table 1.
- After 500 kg of olive drupes was washed, 115 kg of the olive stones was separated through a Micrograter in cooperation with a Seed Pulper, thereby obtaining 385 kg of olive paste. The olive paste was composed of an oil component of 13.5 %, water of 78.5 %, and a solid component of 8.1 % (pH of 4.2). To this paste, water was added in an equal amount to that of the paste, and then, 400 ppm of OLIVEX (provided by Novo Nordisk Bioindustry Ltd.,) was added thereto. The mixture was agitated by a stirrer with propeller blades at 80 rpm for 1.5 hours. After a completion of the reaction while stirring, the mixture was separated into the oil component, juice, and the husk through a three-phase separating decanter. The oil component was further subjected to centrifugal separation to remove contaminated juice and a trace amount of the husk, thereby obtaining 48.2 kg of pure olive oil. The temperature was kept to 25°C at the time of initiation of the reaction with stirring and to 50°C at the end of the reaction. The acid value of the obtained olive oil was 1.6. The flavor and taste were excellent. The results of this example are summarized in Table 2.
- According to the present invention, olive oil can be efficiently extracted in a high yield from olive drupes with stones removed.
- Since the stones are not crushed while being removed, the lipid degradable enzyme of the stones does not contaminate the olive oil. Therefore, the obtained oil are free from the quality deterioration in an oil extraction step. Consequently, the obtained oil product is excellent in the quality, and in a flavor and taste keeping ability.
Table 1 Total amount Volume of first centrifugation Volume of second centrifugation Yield Fraction with an enzyme 300g 200g 20g 13.3% (Relative to olive paste) 72.0% (Relative to oil contained in paste) Fraction without an enzyme 300g 130g 6.5g 4.3% (Relative to olive paste) 23.9% (Relative to oil contained in paste)
Claims (9)
- A method for recovering olive oil characterized by comprising the steps of: adding cellulase to olive drupes with stones removed; reacting a resultant mixture while stirring; and extracting and separating an oil component from the reaction product.
- A method for recovering olive oil according to claim 1, characterized in that an amount of said cellulase is 100 to 1000 ppm relative to olive.
- A method for recovering olive oil according to claim 1, characterized in that said step of reacting a resultant mixture while stirring, is performed at pH of 3 to 5.
- A method for recovering olive oil according to claim 1, characterized in that said step of extracting and separating an oil component is performed by a three-phase separating decanter to separate into an oil component, juice, and a husk.
- A method for recovering olive oil of recovering olive oil characterized by comprising the steps of: adding cellulase and protease to olive drupes with sarcocarps removed; reacting a resultant mixture while stirring; and extracting and separating an oil component from the reaction product.
- A method for recovering olive oil according to claim 5, characterized in that an amount of said cellulase and protease is 100 to 1000 ppm relative to olive.
- A method for recovering olive oil according to claim 5, characterized in that said step of reacting a resultant mixture while stirring is performed at pH of 3 to 5.
- A method for recovering olive oil according to claim 5, wherein said step of extracting and separating an oil component is performed by a three-phase separating decanter to separate into an oil component, juice, and a husk.
- A method for recovering olive oil according to either claim 1 or claim 8, characterized by further comprising a step of removing stones from olive drupes by using a crusher, which crushes only the sarcocarp of olive in cooperation with a strainer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP3072605A JPH0559390A (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1991-01-16 | Method for extracting olive oil |
PCT/JP1992/001143 WO1994005750A1 (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1992-09-09 | Process for recovering olive oil |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0616024A4 EP0616024A4 (en) | 1994-07-22 |
EP0616024A1 true EP0616024A1 (en) | 1994-09-21 |
Family
ID=26413733
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92919511A Withdrawn EP0616024A1 (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1992-09-09 | Process for recovering olive oil |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0616024A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0559390A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994005750A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999061568A1 (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 1999-12-02 | Novus Centro Distribuzione S.R.L. | Method and apparatus for producing olive oil without pressing the stones |
WO2005021694A1 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2005-03-10 | Süd-Chemie AG | Enzymatic treatment of a mass consisting of olives and olive constituents |
CN103113978A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-05-22 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | Method for demulsification for extracting wheatgerm oil by using aqueous enzymatic method |
CN105255577A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2016-01-20 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | Method for high-efficiency extraction of olive oil by utilization of aqueous enzymatic method |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69704330T2 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2001-08-09 | Unilever Nv | Debittering of olive oil |
JPH1156248A (en) | 1997-06-09 | 1999-03-02 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | Separation and production of substance containing high concentration of oil and indentured protein from oil-containing seed |
ES2144359B1 (en) * | 1998-02-26 | 2001-01-16 | Fiestas Ros De Ursinos Jose An | BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCEDURE FOR THE RECOVERY OF OIL RETAINED BY THE MOISTURED ORUJO. |
JP5107738B2 (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2012-12-26 | 花王株式会社 | Method for producing edible oil |
CN102123617A (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2011-07-13 | 地中海同一有限公司 | Machine for obtaining oil |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2006904A6 (en) * | 1988-04-15 | 1989-05-16 | Jimenez Rodriguez Jose Luis | Oil extraction from olive residues |
DE3843027A1 (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-06-28 | Battelle Institut E V | Biotechnological process for obtaining oil and, where appropriate, fatty acids from oil-containing plants |
-
1991
- 1991-01-16 JP JP3072605A patent/JPH0559390A/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-09-09 EP EP92919511A patent/EP0616024A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-09-09 WO PCT/JP1992/001143 patent/WO1994005750A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week 8944, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 89-318102 & ES-A-2 006 904 (JIMENEZ RODRIGUEZ J) 16 May 1989 * |
LA RIVISTA ITALIANA DELLE SOSTANZE GRASSE vol. 50, no. 9 , 1973 , IT pages 331 - 343 G. MONTEDORO ET AL. 'Aggiornamenti sui trattamenti con additivi enzimatici nell'estrazione dell'olio di oliva con mezzi meccanici' * |
LA RIVISTA ITALIANA DELLE SOSTANZE GRASSE vol. 55, no. 5 , 1978 , IT pages 150 - 159 G. MONTEDORO ET AL. 'Trattamenti biochimici effetuati sulle paste integrali e snocciolate di oliva al fine di facilitarne l'estrazione meccanica dell'olio' * |
See also references of WO9405750A1 * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999061568A1 (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 1999-12-02 | Novus Centro Distribuzione S.R.L. | Method and apparatus for producing olive oil without pressing the stones |
AU747258B2 (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2002-05-09 | Novus Centro Distribuzione S.R.L. | Method and apparatus for producing olive oil without pressing the stones |
WO2005021694A1 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2005-03-10 | Süd-Chemie AG | Enzymatic treatment of a mass consisting of olives and olive constituents |
WO2005021695A1 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2005-03-10 | Süd-Chemie AG | Biotechnological process optimization for use in oil production |
DE10339010A1 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2005-03-24 | Süd-Chemie AG | Enzymatic treatment of a mass of olives or olive constituents |
CN103113978A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-05-22 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | Method for demulsification for extracting wheatgerm oil by using aqueous enzymatic method |
CN103113978B (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-07-09 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | Method for demulsification for extracting wheatgerm oil by using aqueous enzymatic method |
CN105255577A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2016-01-20 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | Method for high-efficiency extraction of olive oil by utilization of aqueous enzymatic method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1994005750A1 (en) | 1994-03-17 |
JPH0559390A (en) | 1993-03-09 |
EP0616024A4 (en) | 1994-07-22 |
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