EP0611482A1 - Ion-optical system for gas discharge ion source. - Google Patents
Ion-optical system for gas discharge ion source.Info
- Publication number
- EP0611482A1 EP0611482A1 EP93919396A EP93919396A EP0611482A1 EP 0611482 A1 EP0611482 A1 EP 0611482A1 EP 93919396 A EP93919396 A EP 93919396A EP 93919396 A EP93919396 A EP 93919396A EP 0611482 A1 EP0611482 A1 EP 0611482A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wires
- grid
- optical system
- frames
- rollers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J27/00—Ion beam tubes
- H01J27/02—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J27/022—Details
- H01J27/024—Extraction optics, e.g. grids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of ion discharge sources in gases and, more specifically, relates to an ion optical system for ion discharge source in a gas and can be used in beam forming systems. intense ionic.
- Ionics systems are known for sources of ion to discharge in a gas comprising two or more electrodes formed by flanges and grids in the form of flat discs with holes (Kaufman H.R. and Robinson,
- a known remedy applied for space ion sources consists in using curved grids (spherical) much less sensitive to thermal deformations and to the destabilizing influence of electrostatic forces.
- An increase in transparency allows more efficient use of the surface which is the: source of ions; the density of the current through the ion optical system decreasing with the increase in diameter (d) of orifice, it is desirable to produce grids in the form of discs with small orifices and with high transparency.
- the thickness of the bridge 1 between the orifices is at least 0.5 mm, which is not technologically easy.
- the maximum transparency that can be obtained for the screen grid is of the order of 0.67.
- the use of hexagonal holes allows this maximum value to be increased to 0.7.
- an ion optical system for a source of gas discharge ions comprising an accelerating grid and a screen grid formed by parallel wires fixed to frames by leaf springs and constituting outlet slots, as well as insulator groups on which the frames are installed (SU-A-472396). Thanks to such electrodes constituted by wire frames, it is possible to use in this system orifices of small diameters, which ensures a high transparency of the ion optical system, greater than 0.7.
- the objective of the invention is to provide an ion optical system for a source of ions discharging into a gas, the structure of which allows the spatial position of the electrode wires to be established and kept constant. during the operation of the ion source, and to improve the operating stability of the system with preservation of a high transparency.
- an ion optical system for a gas discharge ion source comprising screen and accelerator grids constituted by frames and a system of parallel wires fixed to the frames by means of springs, the grid frames being assembled by groups of insulators to which they are fixed, is provided according to the invention with a displacement device for adjusting the wires in each grid, comprising rollers arranged transversely with respect to the wires in each of the grids and offering guide elements where the wires are arranged, the rollers being installed on the frames of the grids with the possibility of turning around their axis and of changing position in space together with the wires.
- Each roller of the movement device for adjusting the threads can be mounted by a shaft end in the frame in an articulated manner and, by an opposite shaft end, in an eccentric sleeve mounted in the frame with the possibility of turning around of its axis.
- each roller is installed by two opposite ends of the shaft in eccentric sleeves arranged in the frames with the possibility of turning around their axis, one of the ends of shaft of each roller being articulated to the eccentric sleeve.
- the displacement device for adjusting the wires allows, in this system, to arrange the wires, if necessary, in each grid with a precise pitch and to fix them with a given clearance between the grids, which makes it possible to modify the geometry of the slits and the trajectory of the movement of the charged particles.
- the rollers receiving the wires in their guide elements allow, during the movement of the rollers around their axes, to effect a simultaneous displacement of the wires until their axes become parallel in the two grids. This allows a fine adjustment of the play between grids.
- the guide elements of the rollers in the form of a thread whose pitch is equal to or less than the pitch of the wires in an entire ratio, which guarantees a more secure adjustment of the position of the wires in each grid.
- the diameter of the wires of the accelerating grid is greater than that of the wires of the screen grid, this makes it possible to reduce the probability passage of neutral particles through the ion optics system and increase the pervéance of the ion optics.
- the particles, after interaction with the accelerating grid return to the gas discharge, which generally increases the gas efficiency of the ion source.
- the rolls of the screen grid may have a profile, in sections equal to the pitch of the wires of the accelerating grid, such that the distance between the strings of the screen grid and the layout plane of the wires of the accelerating grid in each section increases edges towards the center of it.
- the wires of the grids can be produced in two coaxial parts, the external part of which is made in the form of a removable tube installed with adjustment with gentle friction on the ⁇ internal part.
- the inner part of each wire preferably has a diameter equal to that of the wires of the screen grid. This makes it possible to increase the life of the wire grids, thanks to an increase in the volume of the material which can be sprayed by recharging ions before the grid is put out of use.
- the design of the wires comprising two coaxial parts makes it possible to carry out the fixing and the tensioning only on the internal part of the wires, which however offer the desired total thickness. This simplifies the wire fixing assembly, reduces its mass and size and widens the range of usable grid materials. It is interesting to replace each wire of the screen grid by three or more wires arranged in a determined geometric pattern.
- the springs are arranged on each frame of the grid in several rows, the springs of the rows adjacent being mutually offset by a multiple of the pitch of the threads of the rollers. All this makes it possible to arrange the wires with a minimum pitch given without limitation due to the size of the springs.
- the ion optics system proposed above ensures reliable operation of the gas discharge ion source with parameters that are stable over time and improves the lifetime of the grids and of the whole system in general, as well as the source yield.
- FIG. 1 shows in cross section an ion optical system with two grids according to the invention
- Figure 2 shows the object of Figure 1 along arrow A;
- FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the grids where the springs are arranged in two rows
- FIG. 4 represents a detail of the embodiment of the roller where the grooves of the roller are replaced by a thread
- FIG. 5 represents an assembly of the roller by a simple yoke
- FIG. 6 represents, with the associated blocking devices, an assembly of the roller in an eccentric
- FIG. 7 shows a variant of fixing the rollers in a grid frame
- - Figure 8 shows a screen grid-accelerator grid assembly provided with tubes mounted on the wires
- - Figure 9 represents an accelerator grid where each elementary wire is replaced by at least 3 wires
- FIG. 10 is a cross section X-X applicable to FIG. 8 and / or to FIG. 9.
- the ion optics system for a source of ions to discharge in the proposed gas comprises (FIG. 1): a screen grid 1 and an accelerating grid 2, constituted respectively by frames 3 and 4 and systems of parallel wires 5 and 6 and insulators 7 provided with metal ends 8 on which the frames 3 and 4 of the grids 1 and 2 are fixed respectively.
- the ions are extracted through the screen grid of the plasma 129 produced by the ionization chamber 128.
- the device 9 for the adjustment movement of the wires 5 and 6 of the electrodes 1 and 2 respectively comprises rollers 11, arranged in pairs for example, in each grid 1, 2 transversely to the wires 5 and 6, as shown in the figure 2, guide elements 12, for example grooves, (FIG. 1) being provided on the external surface of the rollers 11.
- the wires 5, 6 of the grids 1, 2 pass through the guide elements 12, produced in the form of grooves circular 13 ( Figure 3) or a thread 14 ( Figure 4) whose pitch h is equal to the pitch h ⁇ of the wires or less than this pitch in an entire ratio, which allows, if necessary, to arrange the wires of each grid 1 or 2 with a specified pitch.
- each device 9 The rollers 11 (FIG. 2) of each device 9 are installed in the frame 3, 4 of each grid 1, 2 so that they can rotate around their axis OO and change their position in space together with the wires.
- Each roller is mounted by a shaft end hinged at 15 in the framework of a respective grid 1 or 2 (FIG. 5) and by an opposite shaft end in an eccentric sleeve 16 (FIG.
- rollers 11 disposed in the framework 3 or 4 with the possibility of turning around its axis O j _-O ⁇ -
- the rotation of the rollers 11 around their axis OO and that of sleeves around their axis O ⁇ -Oi can be carried out by any means, for example at using a screwdriver as shown in dotted lines; for this purpose, grooves 18 are provided in the center of the sleeve 16 and at the end 17 of the roller 11.
- the eccentric sleeve 16 and the roller 11 are immobilized after their rotation is carried out for example using a wedge 19 inserted between the frame 3, 4 and the sleeve 16, and a wedge 20 introduced between the sleeve 16 and the end 17 of the roller 11, slides being produced in the body of the frame and of the sleeve to arrange the corners 19 and 20.
- each of its rollers 11 (FIG. 7) is installed by its shaft ends 17 in excen ⁇ tric sleeves 16 disposed in the frames 3, 4 with the possibility of rotation around their axis, one of the ends (in this case the end 17) of each roller 11 being coupled to the eccentric sleeve 16 by a pivoting means 15.
- This makes it possible to move the rollers 11 in space (see the movement of the rollers on the pivoting surface) and in particular to adjust separately the average distance 10 and the lack of parallelism between grids.
- the fixing in position of the rollers 11 after their rotation around the axis and after that of the eccentric sleeve 16 takes place as described for the embodiment of FIG. 6, for example with corners (which are not shown in FIG. 7).
- the wires 5 of the screen grid 1 are arranged in a pitch h2 equal to the pitch I13 of the wires 6 of the accelerating grid 2 (FIG. 8) or in a pitch I14 smaller than the pitch I15 of the wires 6 of the accelerating grid 2 (FIG. 9) in a whole ratio, the latter fact having the result that the same slot in the accelerating grid 2 is permeable to the ion beams formed by several slots of the screen grid 1 (3 in the example of FIG. 9).
- the wires 6 of the accelerating grid 2 have a diameter D greater than the diameter D ⁇ of the wires 5 of the screen grid 1, so that the transparency of the latter is greater than the transparency of the former, which is translates into a better efficiency of the gas system, the transparency of the ion ion optical system being determined in this case by the transparency of the screen grid 1 and the transparency in atoms, by the transparency of the accelerating grid 2.
- the rollers 11 of the device 9 located in the screen grid 1 have a variable diameter (see FIG. 9) over a section equal to the pitch I15 of wires 6 of the accelerating grid 2, the distance 1 ⁇ between the wire 5 of the screen grid 1 and the plane NN which contains the wires 6 of the accelerating grid 2 increases to I4 when passing from the edge to the middle of the section.
- the wires 5 and 6 of the grids 1 and 2 are fixed to springs 21 (FIGS. 1 and 2) aligned parallel to the rollers 11 of the device and placed in the same row 22 along each of the opposite sides of the frames 3, 4 of the grids 1, 2; as shown in FIG. 3, the springs in adjacent rows are offset with respect to each other by a distance ⁇ multiple of the pitch hg of the guide elements 12 of the rollers 11.
- Each spring 21 is produced under the form of a leaf spring 24, fixed at one end to the frame 3, 4 with lateral grooves 25 for the passage of the wires, the width of a spring 24 being multiple of the pitch of the guide elements 12.
- Such configuration makes it possible to arrange the wires with a given pitch, for example less than 1 mm, and to make the wires of grids 1 and 2 in continuous wire.
- the grids are produced in two coaxial parts 26 and 27 (FIGS. 8 to 10), the external part 26 of which forms a tube 28 (FIG. 10) and is installed with a soft friction adjustment on the internal part 27.
- the internal part 27 of such wires has an equal diameter to that of the wires 5 of the grid 1.
- This embodiment of the wires of the grids (especially of the accelerating grid) creates the possibility of quickly replacing the worn and reduced part 26 due to the erosion of its material during the operation of the source, which makes it possible to increase the lifetime of the grids by increasing their thickness.
- the proposed ion optics system is put into service in a traditional way: a potential corresponding to the energy of the ions in the beam, for example +2 kV, is applied to the screen grid 1 ( Figure 1 ) and a potential of -0.2 to -2 kV is applied to the accelerating grid 2, which is necessary to create a difference in extraction potential.
- the outlet grid (not shown) is normally produced in the form of an annular grid or in a frame and is grounded. In the discharge chamber of the source, it is necessary to put the plasma material 129 in the slots of the screen grid 1 where the accelerated ions take their departure in the ionic optics system.
- each grid can be achieved by rotation of eccentric sleeves 16 (Figure 2) during which the wires move in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the frame.
- the eccentric sleeves 16 are fixed in a new position with the corners 19.
- the coincidence of the slots in the screen 1 and accelerator 2 grids is obtained by rotation of the rollers 11, when the latter are provided with a threaded groove, around their axes during which the wires move in the plane of each grid.
- the rollers are fixed in their new position using the corners 20.
- the use, for example, of a Km 6 cathetometer guarantees the geometric precision of the parameters of the ion optical system to within ⁇ 0.01 mm.
- the ion optics with wire grids according to the invention are applicable to extended ion sources using the ionization of a gas by one of the following processes:
- radiofrequency field ion sources RIT type (Radiofrequency Ionization Thrusters), or
- ion optics with wires have two essential advantages:
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention concerne un système optique ionique pour source d'ions à décharge dans les gaz comportant une grille écran (1) et une grille accélératrice (2) constituées par des cadres (3, 4) respectifs et un système de fils parallèles (5, 6) fixés sur les cadres au moyen de ressorts (21), les cadres des grilles étant assemblés par des isolateurs (7) auxquels ils sont fixés, ce système étant doté d'un dispositif de déplacement (9) pour le réglage des fils dans chaque grille, qui comprend des rouleaux (11) disposés transversalement par rapport aux fils dans chaque grille et offrant des éléments de guidage (12) où sont placés les fils, les rouleaux étant installés sur les cadres des grilles avec la possibilité de tourner autour de leur axe et de changer de position dans l'espace conjointement avec les fils. De préférence, selon un premier mode de réalisation, chaque rouleau est monté par un bout d'arbre articulé sur le cadre et, par un bout d'arbre opposé, est installé dans un manchon excentrique, monté dans le cadre avec la possibilité de tourner autour de son axe. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, chaque rouleau est installé par ses bouts d'arbre dans des manchons excentriques disposés dans les cadres avec la possibilité de tourner autour de leur axe, l'un des bouts d'arbre de chaque rouleau étant articulé au manchon excentrique.The present invention relates to an ion optical system for a gas discharge ion source comprising a screen grid (1) and an accelerating grid (2) constituted by respective frames (3, 4) and a system of parallel wires (5 , 6) fixed to the frames by means of springs (21), the grid frames being assembled by insulators (7) to which they are fixed, this system being provided with a displacement device (9) for adjusting the wires in each grid, which comprises rollers (11) arranged transversely to the wires in each grid and providing guide elements (12) where the wires are placed, the rollers being installed on the frames of the grids with the possibility of rotating around from their axis and to change position in space together with the threads. Preferably, according to a first embodiment, each roller is mounted by a shaft end articulated on the frame and, by an opposite shaft end, is installed in an eccentric sleeve, mounted in the frame with the possibility of rotating around its axis. According to another embodiment, each roller is installed by its shaft ends in eccentric sleeves arranged in the frames with the possibility of rotating around their axis, one of the shaft ends of each roller being hinged to the sleeve eccentric.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/RU1992/000163 WO1994005032A1 (en) | 1992-08-24 | 1992-08-24 | Ion-optical system for gas-discharge ion source |
RU9200163 | 1992-08-24 | ||
PCT/FR1993/000823 WO1994005033A1 (en) | 1992-08-24 | 1993-08-24 | Ion-optical system for gas discharge ion source |
US08/211,676 US5444258A (en) | 1992-08-24 | 1994-04-12 | Ion-optics system for a source of ions to be discharged into a gas |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0611482A1 true EP0611482A1 (en) | 1994-08-24 |
EP0611482B1 EP0611482B1 (en) | 1997-04-23 |
Family
ID=1340611
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93919396A Expired - Lifetime EP0611482B1 (en) | 1992-08-24 | 1993-08-24 | Ion-optical system for gas discharge ion source |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0611482B1 (en) |
-
1993
- 1993-08-24 EP EP93919396A patent/EP0611482B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
345 (NIPPON TELEGR. & TELEPH. CORP. (NTT)) 25 Mai 1987 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 11, no. 325 (E-551)22 Octobre 1987 & JP,A,62 113 * |
See also references of WO9405033A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0611482B1 (en) | 1997-04-23 |
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