EP0607358B1 - Apparatus for flame- and explosion-proofing an inflammable and explosive liquid in a tank, and for cleaning the tank when empty - Google Patents

Apparatus for flame- and explosion-proofing an inflammable and explosive liquid in a tank, and for cleaning the tank when empty Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0607358B1
EP0607358B1 EP92923399A EP92923399A EP0607358B1 EP 0607358 B1 EP0607358 B1 EP 0607358B1 EP 92923399 A EP92923399 A EP 92923399A EP 92923399 A EP92923399 A EP 92923399A EP 0607358 B1 EP0607358 B1 EP 0607358B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reservoir
tank
washing
agent
fire preventing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP92923399A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0607358A1 (en
Inventor
Aldo Indovino
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NOYA NV
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NOYA NV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/10—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid open to ambient air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/22—Safety features
    • B65D90/38—Means for reducing the vapour space or for reducing the formation of vapour within containers
    • B65D90/44—Means for reducing the vapour space or for reducing the formation of vapour within containers by use of inert gas for filling space above liquid or between contents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an installation for permanently making a flammable and explosive liquid non-flammable and non-explosive when it is contained in a tank.
  • the volume of the tank not occupied by the liquid is filled with a mixture of air and vapor in a percentage which varies according to the nature of the liquid, the ambient temperature and that of the liquid, the pressure which prevails in the volume. unoccupied tank, depending on whether it is open, closed, closed and pressurized. If the liquid contained in the tank consists of a mixture, the majority of the compounds in the vapor will be the compounds of the mixture which are the most volatile, that is to say those which are generally the most flammable.
  • Some of these methods are based on the principle of controlling and minimizing the combustion energy so that its propagation speed is very low, this in order to eliminate the danger of overpressure and explosion of the tank. This can be done in accordance with what is described in GB-A-1,584,955, by dividing the volume of the tank into as many smaller cells and therefore with a more limited energy content, by means of a filling mass which has a great absorption of the heat produced.
  • Other methods are based on the principle of making the mixture of vapor contained in the tank non-flammable and non-explosive, which we will call fireproofing.
  • flame retardant is considered to be an action to make it non-flammable and non-explosive and the term flame retardant means an agent intended to make it non-flammable and non-explosive.
  • fireproofing can be carried out in several ways: either by ensuring that the volume of the unoccupied reservoir of liquid is oversaturated with vapor and therefore beyond the upper flammability limit, by means of various devices which for example, the air is bubbled through the liquid when the tank is sampled, or by making the atmosphere inside the tank also contain a percentage of substance not suitable for combustion such as l nitrogen, internal combustion engine exhaust, carbon dioxide, or substances with high extinguishing characteristics such as halogenated gases for example, in which cases these substances are used in a percentage of l '' from 10% to 20%, depending on the volume occupied in the tank by steam.
  • substance not suitable for combustion such as l nitrogen, internal combustion engine exhaust, carbon dioxide, or substances with high extinguishing characteristics such as halogenated gases for example, in which cases these substances are used in a percentage of l '' from 10% to 20%, depending on the volume occupied in the tank by steam.
  • the washing operation requires a prior fireproofing of the tank, to avoid dangers and to make the inside of the tank accessible to operators under safe conditions.
  • the present invention aims to provide a permanent fireproofing installation which not only has all the performance provided by the most advanced fireproofing systems currently known, but also provides other advantages, in particular that of guaranteeing protection against environment surrounding the tank in the event of the tank rupturing, sufficient to avoid explosions in the first moments of the spillage outside of the contained liquid, and in most cases, to also avoid fire.
  • An improved form of this installation also has the advantage of allowing the tank having contained the combustible liquid to be washed.
  • the subject of the invention is an installation according to claim 1.
  • the installation as shown in FIG. 1 comprises a tank 1 containing the liquid fuel to be protected by flame retardancy, a container 2 containing the flame retardant, a pump 3 intended to transfer the flame retardant from the container 2 to the zone located at above the liquid in the reservoir 1, by passing it through a unidirectional solenoid valve 4 and through gasifiers 5, by means of a supply line 6 and a valve 29.
  • the reservoir 1 is provided with a liquid sampling tube 7 which can be closed by a valve 8.
  • the end of the sampling tube 7 is a short distance from the bottom.
  • the valve 8 is actuated either manually or by means of a known level detector not shown, which prevents the leakage of the flame retardant, by preventing the exit of the liquid when the level of the latter is below a level of guard previously fixed.
  • An inlet pipe 9 allows the combustible liquid to be introduced into the tank 1, by means of a valve 10. In this way, only the liquid which comes to supply the tank 1 at a pressure higher than that existing in the tank 1 can enter the latter.
  • the pressure increases in the tank 1, which has the effect of compressing the flame retardant gas due to the reduction in the volume available for it, due to the liquid introduced. in the tank 1, which causes the arrival of combustible liquid in the tank 1 to decrease.
  • the pressure of the flame retardant gas In order to continue the introduction of the liquid, it is necessary to reduce the pressure of the flame retardant gas. To this end, part of this gas is sucked in by means of a pipe 11 opening into the upper part of the tank. The gas thus sucked in is compressed by a compressor 12 until it liquefies.
  • a purification device 13 comprising a series of baffle separators and filters, is used to separate the impurities and the fraction of the combustible liquid which has condensed in this compression phase, from the flame retardant, so that only l the pure and liquid flame retardant is introduced into the container 2.
  • the products other than the flame retardant are recovered via line 14.
  • a pressure gauge 15 controls, by a known automatic mechanism, the operation of the compressor 12 and of the pump 3, so as to maintain in the tank 1 an atmosphere of flame-retardant gas at a pressure previously fixed.
  • the value of this limit pressure is chosen as a function of thermodynamic considerations, the nature of the combustible liquid and the flame retardant chosen, as well as the amplitude of the thermal variations to which the tank is subjected. This pressure will be called "operating pressure".
  • a reservoir 16 of compressed nitrogen is provided which, by means of a pressure reducer 17, keeps inside the container 2 containing the flame retardant. , a pressure such that it causes, during a stop of operation of the pump 3, an influx of flame retardant agent into the tank 1, by means of an additional line 18 and a non-return valve 19, which guarantees the presence of flame retardant gas in the tank 1 at a pressure close to the "working pressure".
  • a non-return valve 20 then prevents the flame retardant from reaching the purification device 13 and the pipe 11.
  • the tank 1, containing the flammable and explosive liquid is, in most cases, the object of phenomena complexes such as the sedimentation of solid particles contained in the liquid, the separation of the drops of liquids initially retained in emulsion (water, acid, etc.), the deposition of the particles on the bottom deriving from the oxidation of the walls of the container or d '' possible varnishes or paints of the latter or the accumulation of heavier fractions of the liquid at the bottom of the tank, often in concomitance with temperature variations.
  • FIG. 2 represents only the parts of the installation necessary for washing.
  • FIG 2 we see the tank 1 having contained the combustible liquid, the container 2 containing the washing agent which here is the same as the flame retardant, the pump 3 intended to transfer the washing agent from the container 2 towards the reservoir 1, by passing it through a unidirectional solenoid valve 4 and through the injectors 28, by means of a supply line 27 and of the valve 29.
  • the injectors 28 are arranged to provide injection to the liquid state of the washing agent on the walls of the reservoir 1 and on its upper part, with sufficient energy supplied by the pump 3, in a manner which guarantees effective washing, combining the mechanical action with the solvent properties of the washing liquid used.
  • the deposits which have become much more fluid thanks to the solvent properties of the washing liquid, are discharged into a bottom discharge 21 through a valve 22 in a retention tank 23 which includes a heating element 24 allowing the washing liquid to evaporate. .
  • These vapors of the washing liquid are brought, by means of a pipe 25 provided with a non-return valve 26, to the compressor 12 which will liquefy said vapors, thus allowing their purifications by means of a purification device 13 comprising a group baffle separators and filters. This makes it possible to recover almost entirely the washing liquid used.
  • the other products are recovered via line 14.
  • the washing cycle is determined from time to time according to the nature of the liquid which was contained in the tank 1; The amount of washing liquid introduced into the tank 1 and the time of this introduction will vary depending on the consistency of the deposits. By providing two or more washing cycles depending on the case, it will be possible to achieve complete cleanliness of the reservoir 1, and storage of the deposits in the retention tank 23.
  • the container 2 for the storage of the flame retardant and washing agent is preferably a tank capable of withstanding the pressure.
  • the tank 1 and the container 2 are preferably part of the load-bearing structures of a ship.
  • the transfer of the flame retardant and washing substance is carried out by means of a single pumping means 3, switchable by means of a valve (29), in order to be able to carry out the two functions of flame retardant and washing as desired.
  • suction of the evaporating flame retardant and washing gases, and of compression of these gases is carried out by means of a single suction and compression means 13, switchable by means of a valve provided to optionally provide the two fireproofing and washing functions.
  • the separation of impurities from the flame retardant and washing agent is carried out by means of a single purification unit 13.
  • the flame retardant and washing agent is preferably halogenated gas.
  • the installation could be provided only to make the flammable and explosive liquid contained in a tank non-flammable and non-explosive.
  • this variant would only include the parts shown in Figure 1.
  • a wall of a tank that is not part of the installation ruptures due to an impact due to physical causes such as a collision between the means which transports the flammable liquid and a fixed or mobile obstacle for example, or chemical such as an explosion, for example, the liquid contained in the tank leaves, vaporizes in large quantities, and mixes with the surrounding air.
  • the vapor is then in ideal conditions to be able to ignite because it is in the flammability field described in the introduction.
  • a primer such as a hot spot or a spark due to friction between metallic parts is enough for the combustion phenomenon to initiate and give rise to an incandescent sphere of flaming vapors which propagates and s' expands with great speed.
  • the fireproofing gas which constitutes almost all of the atmosphere contained in tank 1, leaves with the liquid; the pressure drop in the tank 1 during its rupture is immediately signaled by the pressure gauge 15.
  • the flame retardant continues leaving the opening in large quantities thanks to the nitrogen pressure supplied by the devices 16, 17 and 19, even if, as a result of the collision, the pump 3 stops working. Outside, there is then a mixture of two gases, that of the flammable liquid and that of the flame retardant, much more volatile under the same conditions. In this way, the explosion is prevented and, in most cases, the fire too. In the worst case it will be an easy to control combustion.
  • Another advantage of this installation is that, since the atmosphere of the tank consists of an inert and flame retardant gas, the air never enters the tank 1 and the problems of corrosion by oxidation of the walls of the tank are reduced.
  • Another advantage of this installation is that, after the tank 1 has been washed, the tank can be handled in an inert atmosphere.
  • tank 1 described is a loading tank of a tanker intended for the transport of flammable liquids such as crude oil, for example, in which case, washing can be done during navigation, during the return journey between the port of destination of the crude oil and the port of loading.
  • washing deposits can be piled up in a suitable container, which can also be fireproofed if necessary.
  • Another advantage of this installation is that the quantity of flame retardant and washing agent does not vary, unless an inevitable loss occurs. It therefore constitutes a fixed load which does not influence the stability of the means on which the installation is arranged.
  • Another advantage of this installation is that it makes it possible to have a flame retardant agent tank with a compression pump and pipes, which can be used, under emergency conditions, for purposes other than those for which they were expected.
  • Another advantage of this installation is that, if there are several tanks to be protected, it is possible to have a simple fireproofing and washing installation whose tanks are interconnected with each other, obviously maintaining the overall amount of flame retardant identical to that required which is derived from the sum of the quantities of flame retardant required for each tank.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)

Abstract

The apparatus comprises a container (2) for a flame retardant substance, and a device (5) for delivering the flame retardant substance in gaseous phase into a tank (1) to maintain a permanent non-flammable atmosphere therein. The main advantage of the apparatus is that an atmosphere largely made up of a flame retarding agent is maintained within the tank (1) to eliminate any danger of fire or explosion. The apparatus further comprises devices for supplying (27) and injecting (28) a liquid cleaning agent into the container (2). Given that the flame retardant substance also acts as a cleaning agent, the devices for delivering the flame retardant substance form part of a circuit having common pumping, suction, compression and purging devices. The flame retarding and cleaning agent is a halogenated gas.

Description

L'invention concerne une installation pour rendre ininflammable et non-explosif de façon permanente un liquide inflammable et explosif lorsqu'il est contenu dans un réservoir.The invention relates to an installation for permanently making a flammable and explosive liquid non-flammable and non-explosive when it is contained in a tank.

Tous les réservoirs qui contiennent ou ont contenu des liquides inflammables sont exposés au danger d'incendie et d'explosion.All tanks that contain or have contained flammable liquids are exposed to the risk of fire and explosion.

Le volume du réservoir non occupé par le liquide est rempli d'un mélange d'air et de vapeur dans un pourcentage qui varie selon la nature du liquide, de la température ambiante et de celle du liquide, de la pression qui règne dans le volume non occupé du réservoir, selon que celui-ci est ouvert, fermé, fermé et mis sous pression. Si le liquide contenu dans le réservoir est constitué d'un mélange, les composés majoritaires dans la vapeur seront les composés du mélange qui sont les plus volatiles, c'est-à-dire ceux qui sont en général les plus inflammables.The volume of the tank not occupied by the liquid is filled with a mixture of air and vapor in a percentage which varies according to the nature of the liquid, the ambient temperature and that of the liquid, the pressure which prevails in the volume. unoccupied tank, depending on whether it is open, closed, closed and pressurized. If the liquid contained in the tank consists of a mixture, the majority of the compounds in the vapor will be the compounds of the mixture which are the most volatile, that is to say those which are generally the most flammable.

Quand les vapeurs du liquide inflammable et l'air sont mélangés, il existe une quantité minimale et une quantité maximale de vapeur, par rapport à l'air, qui délimitent un domaine de valeurs du mélange air-vapeur, dit domaine d'inflammabilité, et les valeurs limites s'appellent limite inférieure et limite supérieure d'inflammabilité.When the vapors of the flammable liquid and the air are mixed, there is a minimum quantity and a maximum quantity of vapor, relative to the air, which delimit a range of values of the air-vapor mixture, called range of flammability, and the limit values are called lower limit and upper limit of flammability.

Ces valeurs sont caractéristiques de chaque liquide inflammable, et varient en fonction de la température et de la pression.These values are characteristic of each flammable liquid, and vary as a function of temperature and pressure.

Quand le mélange de vapeur s'enflamme, celui-ci cède de l'énergie au liquide et à tout son environnement. Cette énergie peut se propager à une vitesse très élevée qui peut conduire à l'explosion du réservoir. En effet, des quantités élevées de liquide se vaporisent alors très rapidement, représentant un danger pour tout l'environnement du réservoir. Pour éviter cela, plusieurs techniques ont été développées (voir en particulier l'état de la technique selon les documents US-A-3 841 303, EP-A-0 159 234, GB-A-1 433 815, et GB-A-807 609.When the vapor mixture ignites, it gives up energy to the liquid and all of its surroundings. This energy can propagate at a very high speed which can lead to the explosion of the tank. Indeed, high amounts of liquid vaporize very quickly, representing a danger to the entire environment of the tank. To avoid this, several techniques have been developed (see in particular the state of the art according to documents US-A-3,841,303, EP-A-0 159,234, GB-A-1,433,815, and GB-A -807,609.

Certaines de ces méthodes sont basées sur le principe de contrôler et réduire au minimum l'énergie de combustion de façon à ce que sa vitesse de propagation soit très basse, ceci dans le but de supprimer le danger de surpression et d'explosion du réservoir. Ceci peut être réalisé conformément à ce qui est décrit dans le brevet GB-A-1.584.955, en divisant le volume du réservoir en autant de cellules plus petites et par conséquent avec un contenu d'énergie plus limitée, au moyen d'une masse de remplissage qui présente une grande absorption de la chaleur produite.
   D'autres méthodes sont basées sur le principe de rendre ininflammable et non-explosif le mélange de vapeur contenu dans le réservoir, que nous appellerons ignifugation.Some of these methods are based on the principle of controlling and minimizing the combustion energy so that its propagation speed is very low, this in order to eliminate the danger of overpressure and explosion of the tank. This can be done in accordance with what is described in GB-A-1,584,955, by dividing the volume of the tank into as many smaller cells and therefore with a more limited energy content, by means of a filling mass which has a great absorption of the heat produced.
Other methods are based on the principle of making the mixture of vapor contained in the tank non-flammable and non-explosive, which we will call fireproofing.

Dans ce qui suit, le terme ignifugation est considéré comme une action de rendre ininflammable et non-explosif et le terme agent ignifugeant signifie un agent destiné à rendre ininflammable et non-explosif.In the following, the term flame retardant is considered to be an action to make it non-flammable and non-explosive and the term flame retardant means an agent intended to make it non-flammable and non-explosive.

En particulier, l'ignifugation peut être réalisée de plusieurs façons: soit en s'assurant que le volume du réservoir non occupé de liquide est sursaturé de vapeur et donc au-delà de la limite supérieure d'inflammabilité, au moyen de dispositifs variés qui font, par exemple, bouillonner l'air à travers le liquide quand on effectue un prélèvement du réservoir, soit en faisant de sorte que l'atmosphère à l'intérieur du réservoir contienne aussi un pourcentage de substance non adaptée à la combustion tel que l'azote, les gaz d'échappement de moteur à combustion interne, l'anhydride carbonique, ou des substances avec des caractéristiques élevées d'extinction telles que les gaz halogénés par exemple, dans quels cas, ces substances sont employées dans un pourcentage de l'ordre de 10 % à 20 %, en fonction du volume occupé dans le réservoir par la vapeur.In particular, fireproofing can be carried out in several ways: either by ensuring that the volume of the unoccupied reservoir of liquid is oversaturated with vapor and therefore beyond the upper flammability limit, by means of various devices which for example, the air is bubbled through the liquid when the tank is sampled, or by making the atmosphere inside the tank also contain a percentage of substance not suitable for combustion such as l nitrogen, internal combustion engine exhaust, carbon dioxide, or substances with high extinguishing characteristics such as halogenated gases for example, in which cases these substances are used in a percentage of l '' from 10% to 20%, depending on the volume occupied in the tank by steam.

Ces opérations d'ignifugation sont aussi rendues nécessaires quand il faut intervenir pour des opérations de manutention et de réparation des réservoirs, pour éviter le danger que certaines causes accidentelles puissent provoquer des explosions désastreuses.These fireproofing operations are also made necessary when it is necessary to intervene for tank handling and repair operations, to avoid the danger that certain accidental causes could cause disastrous explosions.

Il est de pratique normale de procéder périodiquement au lavage des réservoirs, aussi bien pour changer la nature du liquide contenu, que pour enlever les matières qui sont inévitablement présentes dans le liquide et qui se déposent sur le fond du réservoir.It is normal practice to periodically wash the tanks, both to change the nature of the liquid contained, and to remove the materials that are inevitably present in the liquid and that settle on the bottom of the tank.

L'opération de lavage requiert une ignifugation préalable du réservoir, pour éviter qu'il y ait des dangers et pour rendre l'intérieur du réservoir accessible aux opérateurs dans des conditions de sécurité.The washing operation requires a prior fireproofing of the tank, to avoid dangers and to make the inside of the tank accessible to operators under safe conditions.

La présente invention vise à fournir une installation permanente d'ignifugation qui, non seulement a toute les performances fournies par les systèmes les plus avancés d'ignifugation actuellement connus, mais fournit en plus d'autres avantages, en particulier celui de garantir une protection au milieu environnant le réservoir dans le cas de rupture de ce dernier, de façon suffisante pour éviter les explosions dans les premiers moments du déversement à l'extérieur du liquide contenu, et dans la majeure partie des cas, pour éviter aussi l'incendie. Une forme perfectionnée de cette installation a aussi l'avantage de permettre le lavage du réservoir ayant contenu le liquide combustible.The present invention aims to provide a permanent fireproofing installation which not only has all the performance provided by the most advanced fireproofing systems currently known, but also provides other advantages, in particular that of guaranteeing protection against environment surrounding the tank in the event of the tank rupturing, sufficient to avoid explosions in the first moments of the spillage outside of the contained liquid, and in most cases, to also avoid fire. An improved form of this installation also has the advantage of allowing the tank having contained the combustible liquid to be washed.

L'invention a pour objet une installation conforme à la revendication 1.The subject of the invention is an installation according to claim 1.

Les dessins annexés représentent schématiquement et à titre d'exemple, une forme d'exécution de l'installation selon l'invention, qui peut aussi servir à l'ignifugation du contenu inflammable et explosif d'un réservoir et au lavage d'un tel réservoir.The accompanying drawings show schematically and by way of example, an embodiment of the installation according to the invention, which can also be used for fireproofing the flammable and explosive contents of a tank and for washing such a tank.

Pour faciliter la compréhension, on a représenté sur la Figure 1, seulement les parties de l'installation servant à l'ignifugation, tandis qu'on a montré sur la Figure 2 seulement les parties de l'installation servant au nettoyage.To facilitate understanding, there is shown in Figure 1, only the parts of the installation used for fireproofing, while it is shown in Figure 2 only the parts of the installation used for cleaning.

L'installation telle que représentée sur la Figure 1 comprend un réservoir 1 contenant le combustible liquide à protéger par ignifugation, un récipient 2 contenant l'agent ignifugeant, une pompe 3 destinée à transférer l'agent ignifugeant du récipient 2 vers la zone située au dessus du liquide du réservoir 1, en le faisant passer à travers une électrovalve unidirectionnelle 4 et à travers des gazéificateurs 5, au moyen d'une conduite d'adduction 6 et d'une vanne 29.The installation as shown in FIG. 1 comprises a tank 1 containing the liquid fuel to be protected by flame retardancy, a container 2 containing the flame retardant, a pump 3 intended to transfer the flame retardant from the container 2 to the zone located at above the liquid in the reservoir 1, by passing it through a unidirectional solenoid valve 4 and through gasifiers 5, by means of a supply line 6 and a valve 29.

Le réservoir 1 est muni d'un tube de prélèvement de liquide 7 pouvant être fermé par une vanne 8. L'extrémité du tube de prélèvement 7 se trouve à une faible distance du fond. La vanne 8 est actionnée soit manuellement, soit au moyen d'un détecteur de niveau connu non représenté, qui empêche la fuite de l'agent ignifugeant, en empêchant la sortie du liquide quand le niveau de ce dernier est au-dessous d'un niveau de garde préalablement fixé.The reservoir 1 is provided with a liquid sampling tube 7 which can be closed by a valve 8. The end of the sampling tube 7 is a short distance from the bottom. The valve 8 is actuated either manually or by means of a known level detector not shown, which prevents the leakage of the flame retardant, by preventing the exit of the liquid when the level of the latter is below a level of guard previously fixed.

Une conduite 9 d'entrée permet l'introduction du liquide combustible dans le réservoir 1, par l'intermédiaire d'une valve 10. De cette manière, seul le liquide qui vient alimenter le réservoir 1 à une pression supérieure à celle existant dans le réservoir 1 peut entrer dans ce dernier.An inlet pipe 9 allows the combustible liquid to be introduced into the tank 1, by means of a valve 10. In this way, only the liquid which comes to supply the tank 1 at a pressure higher than that existing in the tank 1 can enter the latter.

Au fur et à mesure que l'on ajoute du liquide combustible, la pression augmente dans le réservoir 1, ce qui a pour effet la compression du gaz ignifugeant dû à la diminution du volume à disposition de celui-ci, du fait du liquide introduit dans le réservoir 1, ce qui fait que l'arrivée de liquide combustible dans le réservoir 1 diminue. Pour pouvoir continuer l'introduction du liquide, il est nécessaire de réduire la pression du gaz ignifugeant. A cet effet, une partie de ce gaz est aspirée au moyen d'une conduite 11 débouchant dans la partie supérieure du réservoir. Le gaz ainsi aspiré est comprimé par un compresseur 12 jusqu'à sa liquéfaction. Un dispositif de purification 13, comprenant une série de séparateur à chicanes et de filtres, sert à séparer les impuretés et la fraction du liquide combustible qui s'est condensée dans cette phase de compression, de l'agent ignifugeant, de sorte que seul l'agent ignifugeant pur et liquide est introduit dans le récipient 2. Les produits autres que l'agent ignifugeant sont récupérés par l'intermédiaire de la conduite 14.As fuel liquid is added, the pressure increases in the tank 1, which has the effect of compressing the flame retardant gas due to the reduction in the volume available for it, due to the liquid introduced. in the tank 1, which causes the arrival of combustible liquid in the tank 1 to decrease. In order to continue the introduction of the liquid, it is necessary to reduce the pressure of the flame retardant gas. To this end, part of this gas is sucked in by means of a pipe 11 opening into the upper part of the tank. The gas thus sucked in is compressed by a compressor 12 until it liquefies. A purification device 13, comprising a series of baffle separators and filters, is used to separate the impurities and the fraction of the combustible liquid which has condensed in this compression phase, from the flame retardant, so that only l the pure and liquid flame retardant is introduced into the container 2. The products other than the flame retardant are recovered via line 14.

Un manomètre 15 commande, par un mécanisme automatique connu, le fonctionnement du compresseur 12 et de la pompe 3, de façon à maintenir dans le réservoir 1 une atmosphère de gaz ignifugeant à une pression préalablement fixée. La valeur de cette pression limite est choisie en fonction de considérations thermodynamiques, de la nature du liquide combustible et de l'agent ignifugeant choisi, ainsi que de l'amplitude des variations thermiques à laquelle le réservoir est soumis. Cette pression sera dénommée "pression de service".A pressure gauge 15 controls, by a known automatic mechanism, the operation of the compressor 12 and of the pump 3, so as to maintain in the tank 1 an atmosphere of flame-retardant gas at a pressure previously fixed. The value of this limit pressure is chosen as a function of thermodynamic considerations, the nature of the combustible liquid and the flame retardant chosen, as well as the amplitude of the thermal variations to which the tank is subjected. This pressure will be called "operating pressure".

En plus des moyens normaux de pressurisation (pompe 3 et valve 4), il est prévu un réservoir 16 d'azote comprimé qui, au moyen d'un réducteur de pression 17, maintient à l'intérieur du récipient 2 contenant l'agent ignifugeant, une pression telle qu'elle provoque, lors d'un arrêt de fonctionnement de la pompe 3, un afflux d'agent ignifugeant dans le réservoir 1, par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite supplémentaire 18 et d'une soupape de non retour 19, ce qui garantit la présence de gaz ignifugeant dans le réservoir 1 à une pression proche de la "pression de service". Une soupape de non retour 20 empêche alors l'agent ignifugeant d'atteindre le dispositif de purification 13 et la conduite 11.In addition to the normal pressurization means (pump 3 and valve 4), a reservoir 16 of compressed nitrogen is provided which, by means of a pressure reducer 17, keeps inside the container 2 containing the flame retardant. , a pressure such that it causes, during a stop of operation of the pump 3, an influx of flame retardant agent into the tank 1, by means of an additional line 18 and a non-return valve 19, which guarantees the presence of flame retardant gas in the tank 1 at a pressure close to the "working pressure". A non-return valve 20 then prevents the flame retardant from reaching the purification device 13 and the pipe 11.

Le réservoir 1, contenant le liquide inflammable et explosif est, dans la plupart des cas, l'objet de phénomènes complexes tels que la sédimentation des particules solides contenues dans le liquide, la séparation des gouttes de liquides initialement retenues en émulsion (eau, acide, etc.), le dépôt des particules sur le fond dérivant de l'oxydation des parois du récipient ou d'éventuels vernis ou peintures de ce dernier ou l'accumulation des fractions plus lourdes du liquide au fond du réservoir, souvent en concommitance avec des variations de température.The tank 1, containing the flammable and explosive liquid is, in most cases, the object of phenomena complexes such as the sedimentation of solid particles contained in the liquid, the separation of the drops of liquids initially retained in emulsion (water, acid, etc.), the deposition of the particles on the bottom deriving from the oxidation of the walls of the container or d '' possible varnishes or paints of the latter or the accumulation of heavier fractions of the liquid at the bottom of the tank, often in concomitance with temperature variations.

Il est de ce fait nécessaire d'ôter périodiquement du fond les dépôts qui se sont accumulés et qui par leur nature et leur viscosité, ne sont pas facilement extirpables, particulièrement si on veut changer la nature du liquide à emmagasiner dans le réservoir 1, ou pour procéder à des opérations de manutention ou de réparation, lorsque lesdits matériaux sont de plus facilement inflammables et peuvent donner lieu à des mélanges explosifs avec l'air.It is therefore necessary to periodically remove from the bottom the deposits which have accumulated and which by their nature and their viscosity, are not easily eradicable, particularly if one wants to change the nature of the liquid to be stored in the tank 1, or to carry out handling or repair operations, when said materials are more easily flammable and can give rise to explosive mixtures with air.

La forme d'exécution que l'on vient de décrire permet de procéder au lavage et nettoyage du réservoir 1 dans des conditions assurant le caractère ininflammable et non explosif des gaz contenus dans le réservoir 1. La Figure 2 représente seulement les parties de l'installation nécessaires au lavage.The embodiment which has just been described makes it possible to carry out the washing and cleaning of the tank 1 under conditions ensuring the non-flammable and non-explosive nature of the gases contained in the tank 1. FIG. 2 represents only the parts of the installation necessary for washing.

Sur la Figure 2, on voit le réservoir 1 ayant contenu le liquide combustible, le récipient 2 contenant l'agent de lavage qui ici est le même que l'agent ignifugeant, la pompe 3 destinée à transférer l'agent de lavage du récipient 2 vers le réservoir 1, en le faisant passer à travers une électrovalve unidirectionnelle 4 et à travers les injecteurs 28, au moyen d'une conduite d'adduction 27 et de la vanne 29. Les injecteurs 28 sont agencés pour assurer l'injection à l'état liquide de l'agent de lavage sur les parois du réservoir 1 et sur sa partie supérieure, avec une énergie suffisante fournie par la pompe 3, d'une façon qui garantisse un lavage efficace, en combinant l'action mécanique avec les propriétés de solvant du liquide de lavage utilisé.In Figure 2, we see the tank 1 having contained the combustible liquid, the container 2 containing the washing agent which here is the same as the flame retardant, the pump 3 intended to transfer the washing agent from the container 2 towards the reservoir 1, by passing it through a unidirectional solenoid valve 4 and through the injectors 28, by means of a supply line 27 and of the valve 29. The injectors 28 are arranged to provide injection to the liquid state of the washing agent on the walls of the reservoir 1 and on its upper part, with sufficient energy supplied by the pump 3, in a manner which guarantees effective washing, combining the mechanical action with the solvent properties of the washing liquid used.

Les dépôts, devenus beaucoup plus fluides grâce aux propriétés de solvant du liquide de lavage, sont déchargés dans une décharge de fond 21 à travers une vanne 22 dans un bac de rétention 23 qui comprend un élément chauffant 24 permettant de faire évaporer le liquide de lavage. Ces vapeurs du liquide de lavage sont amenées, au moyen d'une conduite 25 munie d'une soupape de non retour 26, au compresseur 12 qui liquéfiera lesdites vapeurs, permettant ainsi leurs purifications au moyen d'un dispositif de purification 13 comprenant un groupe de séparateurs à chicanes et de filtres. Ceci permet de récupérer presque intégralement le liquide de lavage utilisé. Les autres produits sont récupérer par l'intermédiaire de la conduite 14.The deposits, which have become much more fluid thanks to the solvent properties of the washing liquid, are discharged into a bottom discharge 21 through a valve 22 in a retention tank 23 which includes a heating element 24 allowing the washing liquid to evaporate. . These vapors of the washing liquid are brought, by means of a pipe 25 provided with a non-return valve 26, to the compressor 12 which will liquefy said vapors, thus allowing their purifications by means of a purification device 13 comprising a group baffle separators and filters. This makes it possible to recover almost entirely the washing liquid used. The other products are recovered via line 14.

Le cycle de lavage est déterminé de fois en fois suivant la nature du liquide qui était contenu dans le réservoir 1; La quantité de liquide de lavage introduit dans le réservoir 1 et le temps de cette introduction variera en fonction de la consistance des dépôts. En prévoyant deux ou plusieurs cycles de lavage selon les cas, on pourra parvenir à une propreté complète du réservoir 1, et à l'emmagasinage des dépôts dans le bac de rétention 23.The washing cycle is determined from time to time according to the nature of the liquid which was contained in the tank 1; The amount of washing liquid introduced into the tank 1 and the time of this introduction will vary depending on the consistency of the deposits. By providing two or more washing cycles depending on the case, it will be possible to achieve complete cleanliness of the reservoir 1, and storage of the deposits in the retention tank 23.

Dans l'exemple décrit, le récipient 2 pour l'emmagasinage de l'agent ignifugeant et de lavage est de préférence un réservoir apte à résister à la pression.In the example described, the container 2 for the storage of the flame retardant and washing agent is preferably a tank capable of withstanding the pressure.

Le réservoir 1 et le récipient 2 font de préférence partie des structures portantes d'un navire.
   Le transfert de la substance ignifugeante et de lavage est réalisé au moyen d'un unique moyen de pompage 3, commutable grâce à une vanne (29), pour pouvoir réaliser à choix les deux fonctions d'ignifugation et de lavage.The tank 1 and the container 2 are preferably part of the load-bearing structures of a ship.
The transfer of the flame retardant and washing substance is carried out by means of a single pumping means 3, switchable by means of a valve (29), in order to be able to carry out the two functions of flame retardant and washing as desired.

L'aspiration des gaz de l'agent ignifugeant et de lavage évaporés, et de compression de ces gaz, est réalisé au moyen d'un unique moyen d'aspiration et de compression 13, commutable au moyen d'une vanne prévue pour assurer à choix les deux fonctions d'ignifugation et de lavage.The suction of the evaporating flame retardant and washing gases, and of compression of these gases, is carried out by means of a single suction and compression means 13, switchable by means of a valve provided to optionally provide the two fireproofing and washing functions.

La séparation des impuretés de l'agent d'ignifugation et de lavage est réalisée au moyen d'un unique ensemble d'épuration 13.The separation of impurities from the flame retardant and washing agent is carried out by means of a single purification unit 13.

L'agent ignifugeant et de lavage est de préférence du gaz halogéné.The flame retardant and washing agent is preferably halogenated gas.

Dans une variante de la forme d'exécution décrite et représentée, l'installation pourrait être prévue uniquement pour rendre ininflammable et non explosif le liquide inflammable et explosif contenu dans un réservoir. Dans ce cas, cette variante ne comporterait que les parties représentées sur la Figure 1.In a variant of the embodiment described and shown, the installation could be provided only to make the flammable and explosive liquid contained in a tank non-flammable and non-explosive. In this case, this variant would only include the parts shown in Figure 1.

Les nombreux avantages de l'installation décrite sont énumérés ci-après.The many advantages of the described installation are listed below.

Si une paroi d'un réservoir ne faisant pas partie de l'installation se rompt suite à un choc dû à des causes physiques telle qu'une collision entre le moyen qui transporte le liquide inflammable et un obstacle fixe ou mobile par exemple, ou chimiques telle qu'une explosion par exemple, le liquide contenu dans le réservoir sort, se vaporise en grande quantité, et se mélange à l'air environnant. La vapeur se trouve alors dans des conditions idéales pour pouvoir s'enflammer car elle est dans le champ d'inflammabilité décrit dans l'introduction. Il suffit alors d'une amorce telle qu'un point chaud ou une étincelle dûe à un frottement entre des parties métalliques, pour que le phénomène de combustion s'amorce et donne lieu à une sphère incandescente de vapeurs enflammées qui se propage et s'étend avec une grande rapidité.If a wall of a tank that is not part of the installation ruptures due to an impact due to physical causes such as a collision between the means which transports the flammable liquid and a fixed or mobile obstacle for example, or chemical such as an explosion, for example, the liquid contained in the tank leaves, vaporizes in large quantities, and mixes with the surrounding air. The vapor is then in ideal conditions to be able to ignite because it is in the flammability field described in the introduction. A primer such as a hot spot or a spark due to friction between metallic parts is enough for the combustion phenomenon to initiate and give rise to an incandescent sphere of flaming vapors which propagates and s' expands with great speed.

Si le réservoir rompu est le réservoir 1 ignifugé de l'installation de la présente invention, le gaz ignifugeant qui constitue la presque totalité de l'atmosphère contenue dans le réservoir 1, sort avec le liquide; la chute de pression intervenue dans le réservoir 1 lors de sa rupture est immédiatement signalée par le manomètre 15. Comme il y a une liaison 6 entre le récipient 1 et le récipient 2 dans lequel est contenu l'agent ignifugeant, l'agent ignifugeant continue à sortir de l'ouverture en grande quantité grâce à la pression d'azote fournie par les dispositifs 16, 17 et 19, et cela même si, par suite de la collision la pompe 3 cesse de fonctionner. A l'extérieur, il y a alors un mélange de deux gaz, celui du liquide inflammable et celui de l'agent ignifugeant, beaucoup plus volatile dans les mêmes conditions. De cette façon, l'explosion est empêchée et, dans la majeure partie des cas, l'incendie aussi. Dans le pire des cas il s'agira d'une combustion facile à contrôler.If the ruptured tank is the fireproof tank 1 of the installation of the present invention, the fireproofing gas which constitutes almost all of the atmosphere contained in tank 1, leaves with the liquid; the pressure drop in the tank 1 during its rupture is immediately signaled by the pressure gauge 15. As there is a connection 6 between the container 1 and the container 2 in which the flame retardant is contained, the flame retardant continues leaving the opening in large quantities thanks to the nitrogen pressure supplied by the devices 16, 17 and 19, even if, as a result of the collision, the pump 3 stops working. Outside, there is then a mixture of two gases, that of the flammable liquid and that of the flame retardant, much more volatile under the same conditions. In this way, the explosion is prevented and, in most cases, the fire too. In the worst case it will be an easy to control combustion.

De plus, grâce à cette installation, une perte de liquide ou de gaz est immédiatement signalée par la chute de pression interne du réservoir 1 révélée par le manomètre 15.In addition, thanks to this installation, a loss of liquid or gas is immediately signaled by the internal pressure drop of the reservoir 1 revealed by the pressure gauge 15.

Un autre avantage de cette installation est que, puisque l'atmosphère du réservoir est constituée d'un gaz inerte et ignifugeant, l'air ne pénètre jamais dans le réservoir 1 et les problèmes de corrosion par oxydation des parois du réservoir sont réduits.Another advantage of this installation is that, since the atmosphere of the tank consists of an inert and flame retardant gas, the air never enters the tank 1 and the problems of corrosion by oxidation of the walls of the tank are reduced.

Un autre avantage de cette installation est que, après le lavage du réservoir 1, on peut procéder à des manutention du réservoir sous atmosphère inerte.Another advantage of this installation is that, after the tank 1 has been washed, the tank can be handled in an inert atmosphere.

Un autre avantage de cette installation est qu'elle permet de procéder à des opérations du lavage tout de suite après avoir vidangé le réservoir, sans devoir faire recours à une installation externe. C'est un avantage considérable si le réservoir 1 décrit est un réservoir de charge d'un bateau citerne destiné au transport de liquides inflammables tel que le pétrole brut, par exemple, dans quel cas, le lavage peut être fait pendant la navigation, lors du voyage de retour entre le port de destination du brut et le port de chargement.Another advantage of this installation is that it makes it possible to carry out washing operations immediately after having emptied the tank, without having to resort to an external installation. This is a considerable advantage if the tank 1 described is a loading tank of a tanker intended for the transport of flammable liquids such as crude oil, for example, in which case, washing can be done during navigation, during the return journey between the port of destination of the crude oil and the port of loading.

Un autre avantage de cette installation est que les dépôts de lavage peuvent être entassés dans un récipient adéquat, qui peut aussi être ignifugé si nécessaire.Another advantage of this installation is that the washing deposits can be piled up in a suitable container, which can also be fireproofed if necessary.

Un autre avantage de cette installation est que la quantité d'agent ignifugeant et de lavage ne varie pas, à moins d'une perte inévitable. Elle constitue donc une charge fixe qui n'influence pas la stabilité du moyen sur lequel est disposé l'installation.Another advantage of this installation is that the quantity of flame retardant and washing agent does not vary, unless an inevitable loss occurs. It therefore constitutes a fixed load which does not influence the stability of the means on which the installation is arranged.

Un autre avantage de cette installation est qu'elle permet de disposer d'un réservoir d'agent ignifugeant avec une pompe de compression et des conduites, qui peuvent être utilisée, dans des conditions d'urgence, dans d'autres buts que ceux pour lesquels ils étaient prévus.Another advantage of this installation is that it makes it possible to have a flame retardant agent tank with a compression pump and pipes, which can be used, under emergency conditions, for purposes other than those for which they were expected.

Un autre avantage de cette installation est que, si il y a plusieurs réservoirs à protéger, il est possible d'avoir une simple installation d'ignifugation et de lavage dont les réservoirs sont interconnectés entre eux, en maintenant, évidemment la quantité globale d'agent ignifugeant identique à celle nécessaire qui dérive de la somme des quantités d'agent ignifugeant qu'il faut pour chaque réservoir.Another advantage of this installation is that, if there are several tanks to be protected, it is possible to have a simple fireproofing and washing installation whose tanks are interconnected with each other, obviously maintaining the overall amount of flame retardant identical to that required which is derived from the sum of the quantities of flame retardant required for each tank.

Claims (8)

  1. An installation for making permanently noninflammable and nonexplosive an explosive inflammable liquid contained in at least one reservoir (1), said installation including :
    - at least one container (2) for storing at least one fire preventing agent in the form of a gas liquefied by pressurizing;
    - means for supplying (6) and transforming (5) into a gaseous phase said fire preventing agent, inside the reservoir (1) containing the inflammable product to be protected from a fire or an explosion in the area filled with tile vapour of the inflammable product;
    - a pressure gauge (15) for monitoring the pressure inside said reservoir (1) and controlling a valve (4) located on said supplier means (6);
    - a pump (3) for transferring said fire preventing agent from the container (2) containing the fire preventing substance, to the reservoir (1) to be protected;
    - ancillary means (16) for pressurizing independently of said pump (3), which includes a pressurized nitrogen reservoir (16) with an appropriate pressure reducer (17) and a valve (19);
    - means for pumping (11) the gases contained in tile upper section of this reservoir (1) filled by vapours, so as to maintain a constant pressure in this reservoir when feeding liquid inflammable product therein;
    - means for pressurizing (12) the gases of the fire preventing agent pumped out from the vapour zone above the inflammable product to achieve liquefaction;
    - means for purifying (13) said fire preventing agent, after liquefaction thereof.
  2. An installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the container (2) for storing the fire preventing agent is a reservoir capable of withstanding pressure from within.
  3. An installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said reservoir (1) and said container (2) are part of load bearing structures of a ship.
  4. An installation according to claim 1, characterized in that, for cleaning the reservoir (1) having contained the liquid inflammable product, the container (2) containing at least one fire preventing agent and the pump (3) ensuring the transfer of the fire preventing agent into the reservoir to be protected, carry out a washing operation on the reservoir to be protected, owing to the fact that this fire preventing agent also acts as a washing agent; in that means are provided for supplying (27) and injecting (28) the washing agent in the liquid state into the container (2); in that means are provided for storing (21, 23) the deposits derived from said washing; in that means are provided for heating (23) said deposits for the purpose of evaporating the washing agent; in that means are provided for pressurizing (12) the evaporated fire preventing and washing agent to ensure the liquefaction thereof during the washing operation; and in that means are provided for separating (13) impurities from said liquefied fire preventing and washing agent.
  5. An installation according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the transfer of the fire preventing and washing agent is carried out by means of a single pumping means (3) which can be switched by means of a valve (29) for carrying out as required one of the operations of fire prevention or washing.
  6. An installation according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the pumping of the evaporated fire preventing and washing agent and the pressurizing of these gases are carried out by means of a single pumping means (11) and pressurizing means (12) which can be switched by means of a valve to provide as required one the operations of fire prevention or washing.
  7. An installation according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that means for separating the impurities from the washing agent are provided as a single purification unit (13).
  8. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fire preventing and washing agent is a halogenated gas.
EP92923399A 1991-10-18 1992-10-16 Apparatus for flame- and explosion-proofing an inflammable and explosive liquid in a tank, and for cleaning the tank when empty Expired - Lifetime EP0607358B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH306491A CH685240A5 (en) 1991-10-18 1991-10-18 Installation for making non-flammable and non-explosive and a flammable liquid explosive when contained in at least one tank.
CH3064/91 1991-10-18
PCT/NL1992/000185 WO1993008103A1 (en) 1991-10-18 1992-10-16 Apparatus for flame- and explosion-proofing an inflammable and explosive liquid in a tank, and for cleaning the tank when empty

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0607358A1 EP0607358A1 (en) 1994-07-27
EP0607358B1 true EP0607358B1 (en) 1995-04-19

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92923399A Expired - Lifetime EP0607358B1 (en) 1991-10-18 1992-10-16 Apparatus for flame- and explosion-proofing an inflammable and explosive liquid in a tank, and for cleaning the tank when empty

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0607358B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07503924A (en)
KR (1) KR100229701B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2929192A (en)
CH (1) CH685240A5 (en)
DE (1) DE69202155D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1993008103A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110127012A (en) * 2019-05-30 2019-08-16 武汉理工大学 A kind of intelligent nitrogen-water mist system reducing naval vessel implosion damage and subsequent combustion

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITPD20020309A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-05 Solvay Chimica Italia Spa INDUSTRIAL CLEANING SYSTEM WITH CAB
KR100614199B1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2006-08-22 (주)레베산업 Vessel nitrogen gas supply system
RU2482929C2 (en) * 2011-09-06 2013-05-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов" Method of cleaning equipment of explosive powder
JP5948689B1 (en) * 2015-02-27 2016-07-06 有限会社エイコー産業 Waste liquid disposal equipment

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GB350850A (en) * 1930-09-22 1931-06-18 Butterworth System Inc An improved method of and apparatus for cleaning tanks such as the cargo tanks of oil transporting vessels
GB807609A (en) * 1956-08-10 1959-01-21 Uddeholms Ab Method of cleaning storage and transport tanks, especially ship's tanks, from oil, fat, wax and the like
GB1081433A (en) * 1964-07-14 1967-08-31 William Herbert Falconer Carbon dioxide storage on board ship
GB1433815A (en) * 1973-06-14 1976-03-17 Kidde Co Lts Walter Removal of explosive or combustible gas or vapour from tanks and other enclosed spaces
US3841303A (en) * 1973-08-23 1974-10-15 Kimar Corp Protective gas generating heating system for asphalt tanks
FR2561751B1 (en) * 1984-03-23 1988-11-10 Air Liquide TANK PURGE AND INERTAGE PROCESS AND INSTALLATION

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110127012A (en) * 2019-05-30 2019-08-16 武汉理工大学 A kind of intelligent nitrogen-water mist system reducing naval vessel implosion damage and subsequent combustion
CN110127012B (en) * 2019-05-30 2022-01-11 武汉理工大学 Intelligent nitrogen-water mist system for reducing ship implosion damage and subsequent combustion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH685240A5 (en) 1995-05-15
WO1993008103A1 (en) 1993-04-29
JPH07503924A (en) 1995-04-27
EP0607358A1 (en) 1994-07-27
KR100229701B1 (en) 1999-11-15
DE69202155D1 (en) 1995-05-24
AU2929192A (en) 1993-05-21

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