EP0607098A1 - Brush holder made of plastics and corresponding one piece brush holder with facilitated brush mounting - Google Patents

Brush holder made of plastics and corresponding one piece brush holder with facilitated brush mounting Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0607098A1
EP0607098A1 EP94420009A EP94420009A EP0607098A1 EP 0607098 A1 EP0607098 A1 EP 0607098A1 EP 94420009 A EP94420009 A EP 94420009A EP 94420009 A EP94420009 A EP 94420009A EP 0607098 A1 EP0607098 A1 EP 0607098A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brush
brush holder
state
locking means
assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94420009A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacky Candellier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mersen SA
Original Assignee
Carbone Lorraine SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carbone Lorraine SA filed Critical Carbone Lorraine SA
Publication of EP0607098A1 publication Critical patent/EP0607098A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/38—Brush holders
    • H01R39/40—Brush holders enabling brush movement within holder during current collection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of brush holders and brush holder assemblies intended to pre-position, relative to the collector, the different brushes of an electric motor.
  • Metallic brush holders typically made of brass, are already known and brush holder assemblies obtained by assembling metal brush holders on an insulating plate provided with the necessary electrical connections.
  • the brush holder assemblies of the prior art comprise the manufacture of several different parts and then their assembly, before or after mounting the brushes in the brush holders.
  • the mounting of the brushes is not easy to automate when it is a question, as in the case of FR-B1-2 612 005, of placing a brush with its compressed spring in its housing, then of fix over a cover.
  • a brush holder must include a means to maintain the brush spring in the compressed state, means which must preferably be removable to be able to change a worn brush.
  • a first object of the invention is a brush holder made of thermoplastic material comprising a means for locking the spring of the brush which is easy to implement.
  • a second object of the invention is a brush holder assembly made of thermoplastic material with brush holders according to the first object.
  • a third object of the invention is a brush holder assembly according to the second object but loaded with brushes, ready to be mounted on a collector.
  • the problem to be solved is to develop a brush holder and a brush holder assembly that is both economical and has a brush locking means, the implementation of which is simple and easily automated, without having to call upon robots handling parts which constitute an expensive investment.
  • the Applicant has developed a brush holder provided with a locking means in the "open" position secured to the brush holder, the assembly consisting of the brush holder and its locking means being made of thermoplastic material, and obtained by molding (injection) in one go, which is very economical to manufacture and use since all the elements necessary for its use are brought together on a single piece.
  • the bridge is broken during the tilting of the locking means from the "open” state to the "closed” state, by bringing into play a relatively weak force, typically less than 50 N.
  • FIGs 1a to 1c illustrate a first embodiment of a brush holder (1) according to the invention.
  • Figure 1a is a perspective view of a brush holder (1) comprising a guide means (6), here shown in the form of a tube with a square section, a locking means in the open state (70 ) get out.
  • This locking means (7o) comprises two shutter bars (9) connected to each other at their top and is secured to the guide means (6) by a bridge (8) of plastic.
  • the ends of the two shutter bars (9) are opposite four orifices (10), facing two by two, at the end (21) of the guide means (6).
  • Figure 1b is similar to Figure la, but illustrates the brush holder (1) after switching the locking means from the open state (7o) to the closed state (7f) by exerting pressure (17).
  • Figure 1c is a sectional view along a vertical plane X-Y of Figure 1a. It allows to see in section the bridge (8) which connects the locking means (7o) and the guide means (6), and to see the alignment of the bar (9) and the two orifices (10) facing each other. .
  • FIGS. 2a to 2e illustrate a second type of brush holder (1) according to the invention in which the locking means (7f) in the closed state is held integral with the guide means (6), not by means of orifices (10) as in FIGS. 1a to 1c, but thanks to a well (11) integral with the guide means (6).
  • the locking means (7o, 7f) comprises two shutter bars (9) and a guide bar (18) interconnected, the guide bar of rectangular section being able to slide in the well (11) of slightly larger internal section. during the tilting of the locking means from the "open" position to the "closed” position.
  • Figure 2a is a perspective view, the locking means (7o) being in the open state and secured to the guide means (6) by bridges (8) (only one is visible in Figure 2a).
  • Figure 2b is a front view of Figure 2a to see the two bridges (8).
  • Figure 2c is a top view of Figure 2a also allowing to see the two bridges (8).
  • Figure 2d is a view similar to Figure 2a, and Figure 2e is similar to Figure 2b, but after tilting the locking means in the closed state (7f) by pressure (17).
  • Figure 2f similar to Figure 2d, shows a method of the invention in which the locking means (7f) is held integral with the guide means (6) both through a well (11) and an element complementary guide (25).
  • FIG. 3a represents a top view of a brush and brush holder assembly (12a) according to the invention comprising a molded one-piece piece consisting essentially of two brush holders (1) and of an insulating plate (19) forming a support for these two brush holders (1).
  • the brushes (2) are shown in dotted lines. Copper braids (5) connect the friction block (3) and electrical connection means (13) ending in a pair of connection pins (20).
  • the brushes are held in position in the brush holders by a central washer (14), the locking means (7f) being in the "closed” state.
  • FIG. 3b shows a brush holder assembly (12) seen from above.
  • This assembly (12) comprises a one-piece molded part consisting essentially of four brush holders (1) and an insulating plate (19) forming a support for these four brush holders (1).
  • Electrical connection means (13) are embedded in the thickness of the plate (19) and electrically connect the connection pins (20) and the connection pads (24), on which the ends of the braids (5) are brazed brushes (2) (a braid (5) has been shown by way of illustration). In the absence of brushes, the locking means (7o) are in the "open" state.
  • Figures 4a to 4e illustrate, in longitudinal section, the technique for automatically assembling a brush holder of the type shown in FIG. 1a (for convenience, the brush (2) and a shutter bar (9) are symbolically represented in the same central plane actually offset from the central plane).
  • FIG. 4a represents the brush (2) placed in the brush holder (1), the end of the brush holder (1), on the collector side, being obstructed by a piece (15) which prevents the sliding of the wiper block (3 ), and the locking means being in the open state (7o).
  • Figure 4b is similar to Figure 4a, but the assembly tool (16), which has a thin blade, has its thinned end engaged inside the end of the spring (4).
  • Figure 4c illustrates the compression of the spring (4).
  • the locking means is switched to the closed state (7f) by means of a pressure (17).
  • the tool (16) does not hinder tilting because the thickness of the tool is less than the distance separating the two bars (9).
  • FIG. 4e the tool (16) has been removed and the spring (4) presses against the two bars (9).
  • FIGS. 5a to 5c illustrate other methods of the invention:
  • FIG. 5a shows in perspective a brush (1) provided with a locking means (7o) ("open” state) secured to a guide means (6) by means of two bridges (8) made of plastic material, After tilting of the locking means in the "closed” state by a rotational movement of 90 °, and contribution of thermal or sound energy (heat-sealing or sealing by ultrasound), the locking means (7f) is integral with the means of guide (6).
  • FIG. 5b which shows in perspective a brush (1) provided with a locking means (7o) ("open” state) secured to a guide means (6) by two bridges (8) made of plastic
  • the locking means in the closed state (7f) is made integral with the guide means (6) thanks to the mechanical cooperation of male and female parts, the male parts being in the form of pairs of hooks molded with the guide means (6), which can be clipped into notches (22) of the locking means (7o).
  • Figure 5c shows in partial section the locking means (7f) snapped reversibly, thanks to the hooks (23).
  • the invention presents numerous methods and variant embodiments of brush holders (1). All these methods have in common the fact that the brush holder (1) according to the invention comprises a locking means (7) secured to the guide means (6) by at least one plastic bridge (8) having a solidity relatively small and predetermined (choice of a section of the material bridge adapted to the desired breaking force), this locking means (7) being arranged, in the "open” state (7o), so that the tilting of the locking means from the "open” state (7o) to the "closed” state (7f) can be achieved by an elementary movement of translation and / or rotation.
  • said locking means (7) is a mechanical locking means constituted by at least one shutter bar (9) able to move perpendicular to said guide means (6) during said subsequent tilting , and sliding means (10, 11) of said shutter bar itself (9) or of another guide bar (18) mechanically integral with said bar shutter (9), said sliding means (10, 11) being mechanically integral with said guide means (6).
  • said means for sliding said shutter bar (9) consist of two orifices (10) facing each other on the opposite edges of said end (21), said shutter bar (9) being engaged in the two orifices only after rupture of said bridge (8), so as to reversibly pass said locking means from the "open" state (7o) (bar (9) maintained, thanks to said bridge (8), not engaged in the two orifices (10)) in the "closed” state (7f).
  • a relatively rigid thermoplastic material the same result can be obtained as above with a single orifice (10) instead of two.
  • said sliding means of said other guide bar (18) consist of a well (11), and possibly a complementary guide element (25), mechanically integral with said means of guide (6), said other guide bar (18) being maintained, by virtue of said bridge (8), at the entrance to the well (locking means in the "open” state), and being inserted reversibly into said well after rupture of said bridge (8) (locking means in the "closed” state).
  • said bridge (8) In the illustration of this variant in FIGS. 2a to 2e, two bridges (8) have been produced, but it is possible to have a single bridge without major disadvantage.
  • the tilting of the locking means (7o) is essentially a rotational movement.
  • said fastening means is chosen from known means for making two identical plastic materials adhere to one another, and preferably chosen from heat-sealing or ultrasonic sealing, c '' is to say only by energy supply.
  • the fixing means of chemical or physicochemical type, is irreversible. This variant is illustrated in Figure 5a.
  • said fixing means results from the cooperation of mechanical means, typically the clipping or latching of male parts and female parts, a part (male or female) being integral with said locking means, the complementary part (female or male ) being integral with said guide means (6) at its end (21).
  • mechanical means typically the clipping or latching of male parts and female parts
  • a part (male or female) being integral with said locking means
  • the complementary part (female or male ) being integral with said guide means (6) at its end (21).
  • the brush holders according to the invention (locking means in the "open” state) are obtained, at high speed, by injection of thermoplastic material possibly loaded with insulating fibrous reinforcement and of low length (typically of fiber length less than 5 mm), and preferably by injection of a thermoplastic material with a softening point greater than 150 ° C. and chosen from polyamides, polyesters, charged or not with fibrous reinforcement (typically fiberglass.
  • the second object of the invention is a brush holder assembly (12) comprising 2.n brush holder (1) according to the invention, with n ranging from 1 to 3, integral with an insulating plate (19), at perforated center for the passage of said collector, equipped with electrical connection means (13, 20) connectable to said braids (5), intended to be mounted on a collector, and characterized in that said assembly (12) and said brush holders ( 1) form a single piece obtained by injection of thermoplastic material possibly loaded with fibrous reinforcement, and in that said locking means are in the "open” state. According to the invention, it is preferable to drown, at least in part, said electrical connection means (13) in said thermoplastic material. Such an assembly is shown in Figure 3b.
  • said locking means (7) can be indifferently secured to the guide means (6) or to the plate (19), which supports said guide means (6) and is itself secured to the guide means (6).
  • the third object of the invention is a brush and brush holder assembly (12a), as shown in FIG. 3a, formed by inserting said brushes (2) into said brush holders (1) of said brush holder assembly (12). provided with a means for spacing said brushes (14, 15) located in the space left by said perforated center and intended to hold said brushes (2) inside the brush holders (1), followed by said subsequent tilting said locking means (7) so that the latter is in the "closed" state (7f).
  • said spacing means is constituted by an attached washer (14) having a diameter substantially greater than that of the manifold, which washer will be displaced during the assembly of said assembly on said manifold.
  • said spacing means is a closure piece (15) fixed by bridges (8) of plastic material to said brush holders (1) or to said plate (19) and forming with said assembly ( 12) a single piece obtained by injection of thermoplastic material, the bridges of said sealing piece being broken during assembly of said assembly on said manifold.
  • a first brush holder assembly (12) was produced, by molding (injection) of polyamide 6-6 loaded with 30% (by volume) of cut glass fiber (average length of 1 mm), corresponding to FIG. 3a ( top view, substantially at scale 1/1) but without the brushes, comprising 2 brush holders (1) with a locking means in the "open" state (7o) similar to that shown in Figures la to lc .
  • the brush holders have lateral openings allowing the passage of the copper braid (5) of the brush (2) once mounted in the brush holder (1).
  • connection means (13) - copper profiles - connect the male connection elements (20) and are embedded in the thermoplastic material, with the exception of the connection pads (24) formed by the end of the copper profiles accessible to be able to braze the end of a braid (5) of a broom (2).
  • the connecting means (13) and the connection elements (20) were placed in the mold before injection of loaded PA 6-6 of fibers and are therefore embedded in the thermoplastic material, with the exception of the ends to be connected (ends of the connections (20) and studs (24)).
  • a second set of brush holders was made of polyester loaded with 30% (by volume) of cut glass fiber (average length of 1 mm) corresponding to FIG. 3b (top view, substantially on a 1/1 scale) , comprising 4 brush holders similar to those of Example 1.
  • the support plate (19) was molded at the same time, the 4 brush holders (1) each provided with a locking means in the "open" state (7o) and a central part (15). connected by bridges (8a) easy to break at the ends of the brush holders (ends on the collector side), central part intended to hold the brushes in the brush holders.
  • Example 2 An example similar to that described in Example 1 was produced, but with a locking means similar to that described in FIGS. 2a to 2e.
  • Example 2 An example similar to that described in Example 1 was produced, but in which the connecting means (13) and the connection elements (20) were not placed in the mold before injection of loaded PA 6-6 fibers to be embedded in the thermoplastic material.
  • a part has been molded comprising no electrical conductor, but allowing the attachment of external connection means, for example by snap-fastening of a copper alloy part comprising a male part (20) on one side and the other a curved area to pinch the end of the braid (5).
  • a brush and brush holder assembly (12a) was obtained by automatic loading of brushes (2) on an assembly machine ensuring the supply of brushes, brush holder assemblies (12) obtained according to Example 2, the positioning of the brushes in the brush holders, compression of the spring (4) and tilting of the locking means by lateral pressure (17), as shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 4a to 4e for a single brush holder.
  • the invention applies to all electric motors, typically of diameter between 70 and 180 mm (outside diameter), of a power which can typically range from 50 to 500 W, whether for example motors for automotive or industry.
  • a thermoplastic resin with suitable thermal resistance is chosen, that is to say typically having a softening point at least 50 ° C. higher than the temperature of the brush holder in operation. .
  • the invention provides an economical solution to the problem of manufacturing brush holders or brush and brush holder assemblies. Essentially, this solution resides in the means found by the applicant to allow both simple and automatic manufacture of brush holders (1), brush holder assemblies (12) and brush and holder assemblies. brooms (12a).
  • thermoplastic material there is the fact of obtaining a one-piece and single-material part by injection of a thermoplastic material, and above all the fact of obtaining at the same time a means of locking the brush, which is in the "open” state. "and which is easily tiltable in the” closed “position without using expensive or complex means.
  • the economy of the solution found also lies in the relative low cost of the usual thermoplastic materials, often less expensive than the alloys (brasses) generally used for the brush holders of the prior art.
  • the invention also provides a notable advantage of flexibility since the same brush holder or brush assembly and brush holder can be made of different thermoplastic materials, loaded or not with fibrous reinforcements, having very different performances and costs, so as to be able to meet various technical requirements at the lowest cost.

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  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)

Abstract

Brush holder (1), intended to contain a brush (2) consisting of a wiper block (3), of a spring (4) and of an electrically conducting braid (5), comprising a means (6) for guiding the said brush (2), and a means (7, 7o) for locking the said spring, making it possible, in the "open" state (7o), to insert the said brush (2) into the said guiding means (6) and then, in the "closed" state (7f), to lock the said spring (4) in the compressed state, characterised in that the said brush holder (1) is obtained by moulding a plastic, is constituted by the said guiding means (6) and the said locking means in the "open" state (7o), the said locking means (7o) being fixed to the said guiding means (6) by at least one plastic bridge (8) making possible the subsequent switching (tilting) of the said locking means into the "closed" state (7f). Brush-holder assembly (12) comprising brush holders according to the invention, the assembly being or not being loaded with brushes. <IMAGE>

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention concerne le domaine des porte-balais et des ensembles porte-balais destinés à pré-positionner, par rapport au collecteur, les différents balais d'un moteur électrique.The invention relates to the field of brush holders and brush holder assemblies intended to pre-position, relative to the collector, the different brushes of an electric motor.

ART ANTERIEURPRIOR ART

On connaît déjà des porte-balais métalliques, typiquement en laiton, et des ensembles porte-balais obtenus par assemblage de porte-balais métalliques sur une plaque isolante munie des connexions électriques nécessaires.Metallic brush holders, typically made of brass, are already known and brush holder assemblies obtained by assembling metal brush holders on an insulating plate provided with the necessary electrical connections.

On connaît aussi par le brevet FR-B1-2 612 005 des ensembles porte-balais formés par assemblage de deux flasques en matériau isolant, un étant muni notamment de logements radiaux destinés à recevoir des balais, l'autre formant couvercle du premier.Also known from patent FR-B1-2 612 005 are brush holder assemblies formed by assembling two flanges made of insulating material, one being provided in particular with radial housings intended to receive brushes, the other forming a cover for the first.

POSITION DU PROBLEMEPOSITION OF THE PROBLEM

D'une part, les ensembles porte-balais de l'art antérieur comprennent la fabrication de plusieurs pièces différentes puis leur assemblage, avant ou après montage des balais dans les porte-balais. D'autre part, le montage des balais n'est pas facile à automatiser lorsqu'il s'agit, comme dans le cas du FR-B1-2 612 005, de placer un balai avec son ressort comprimé dans son logement, puis de fixer par-dessus un couvercle.On the one hand, the brush holder assemblies of the prior art comprise the manufacture of several different parts and then their assembly, before or after mounting the brushes in the brush holders. On the other hand, the mounting of the brushes is not easy to automate when it is a question, as in the case of FR-B1-2 612 005, of placing a brush with its compressed spring in its housing, then of fix over a cover.

D'une manière générale, un porte-balai doit comporter un moyen pour maintenir le ressort de balai à l'état comprimé, moyen qui doit de préférence être amovible pour pouvoir changer un balai usé.Generally, a brush holder must include a means to maintain the brush spring in the compressed state, means which must preferably be removable to be able to change a worn brush.

La demanderesse, qui est par ailleurs titulaire du brevet FR-B1-2 612 005, a donc recherché des moyens pour obtenir des porte-balais et ensembles porte-balais qui soient économiques à fabriquer et faciles à utiliser, en particulier en ce qui concerne le montage des balais dans les porte-balais.The applicant, who is also the holder of patent FR-B1-2 612 005, has therefore sought means for obtaining brush holders and brush holder assemblies which are economical to manufacture and easy to use, in particular as regards mounting the brushes in the brush holders.

OBJETS DE L'INVENTIONOBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

Un premier objet de l'invention est un porte-balai en matière thermoplastique comprenant un moyen de verrouillage du ressort du balai facile à mettre en oeuvre.A first object of the invention is a brush holder made of thermoplastic material comprising a means for locking the spring of the brush which is easy to implement.

Un deuxième objet de l'invention est un ensemble porte-balais en matière thermoplastique avec des porte-balais selon le premier objet.A second object of the invention is a brush holder assembly made of thermoplastic material with brush holders according to the first object.

Un troisième objet de l'invention est un ensemble porte-balais selon le deuxième objet mais chargé des balais, prêt à être monté sur un collecteur.A third object of the invention is a brush holder assembly according to the second object but loaded with brushes, ready to be mounted on a collector.

DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTIONDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Le porte-balai selon l'invention, destiné à maintenir au contact d'un collecteur d'un moteur électrique un balai constitué d'un bloc frotteur, d'un ressort et d'une tresse conductrice électrique, comprend un moyen de guidage dudit balai permettant une libre translation dudit balai au fur et à mesure de l'usure dudit bloc frotteur contre ledit collecteur, et un moyen de verrouillage dudit ressort, fixé à l'extrémité dudit moyen de guidage opposée au collecteur, permettant à l'état "ouvert" l'introduction dudit balai dans ledit moyen de guidage, puis, à l'état "fermé", l'obstruction de ladite extrémité et le blocage dudit ressort à l'état comprimé, et est caractérisé en ce que, de manière à permettre la fabrication économique dudit porte-balai et l'assemblage économique et automatisé dudit balai et porte-balai,

  • a) ledit porte-balai est obtenu par moulage d'une matière plastique,
  • b) ledit porte-balai est constitué par ledit moyen de guidage et ledit moyen de verrouillage à l'état "ouvert",
  • c) ledit moyen de verrouillage est fixé audit moyen de guidage par au moins un pont de matière plastique permettant le basculement ultérieur dudit moyen de verrouillage à l'état "fermé".
The brush holder according to the invention, intended to maintain in contact with a collector of an electric motor a brush consisting of a friction block, a spring and an electrically conductive braid, comprises a means for guiding the said brush allowing free translation of said brush as and when said rubbing block wears against said collector, and means for locking said spring, fixed at the end of said guide means opposite to the collector, allowing in the "open" state the introduction of said brush into said guide means, then, in the "closed" state, the obstruction of said end and the blocking of said spring to the compressed state, and is characterized in that, so as to allow economical manufacture of said brush holder and economical and automated assembly of said brush and brush holder,
  • a) said brush holder is obtained by molding a plastic material,
  • b) said brush holder is constituted by said guide means and said locking means in the "open" state,
  • c) said locking means is fixed to said guide means by at least one plastic bridge allowing the subsequent tilting of said locking means in the "closed" state.

Le problème à résoudre est de mettre au point un porte-balai et un ensemble porte-balai à la fois économique et disposant d'un moyen de verrouillage du balai dont la mise en oeuvre soit simple et facilement automatisable, sans avoir à faire appel à des robots manipulateurs de pièces qui constituent un investissement coûteux.The problem to be solved is to develop a brush holder and a brush holder assembly that is both economical and has a brush locking means, the implementation of which is simple and easily automated, without having to call upon robots handling parts which constitute an expensive investment.

Par "moyen de verrouillage facilement automatisable", on entend que le basculement du moyen de verrouillage de l'état "ouvert" à l'état "fermé" est réalisable par un mouvement simple, mouvement élémentaire de translation et/ou rotation du moyen de verrouillage, en exerçant une pression sur le moyen de verrouillage, typiquement à l'aide d'un bras, qui pourrait être éventuellement muni d'un moyen de préhension (ventouse).By "easily automatable locking means" is meant that the switching of the locking means from the "open" state to the "closed" state can be achieved by a simple movement, elementary movement of translation and / or rotation of the locking, by exerting pressure on the locking means, typically using an arm, which could possibly be provided with a gripping means (suction cup).

Pour cela, la demanderesse a mis au point un porte-balai doté d'un moyen de verrouillage en position "ouvert" solidaire du porte-balai, l'ensemble constitué par le porte-balai et son moyen de verrouillage étant en matière thermoplastique, et obtenu par moulage (injection) en une seule fois, ce qui est très économique à fabriquer et à utiliser puisque sont réunies sur une seule pièce tous les éléments nécessaires à son utilisation.For this, the Applicant has developed a brush holder provided with a locking means in the "open" position secured to the brush holder, the assembly consisting of the brush holder and its locking means being made of thermoplastic material, and obtained by molding (injection) in one go, which is very economical to manufacture and use since all the elements necessary for its use are brought together on a single piece.

Compte tenu de la nécessaire rigidité du matériau du porte-balai et de son moyen de verrouillage, elle a dû mettre au point un moyen de fixation du moyen de verrouillage au porte-balai qui soit à la fois suffisamment solide pour permettre la manipulation, le stockage et le transport de ces porte-balais, et aussi suffisamment facile à rompre ou à plier pour permettre un basculement aisé du moyen de verrouillage de l'état "ouvert" à l'état "fermé". Ceci a été obtenu par au moins un pont en matière plastique, pont de faible section, typiquement inférieure à 1 mm².Taking into account the necessary rigidity of the material of the brush holder and of its locking means, it had to develop a means of fixing the locking means to the brush holder which is both sufficiently solid to allow manipulation, storage and transport of these brush holders, and also easy enough to break or fold to allow easy tilting of the locking means from the "open" state to the "closed" state. This was obtained by at least one plastic bridge, a bridge of small section, typically less than 1 mm².

Selon, une modalité préférée, le pont est rompu lors du basculement du moyen de verrouillage de l'état "ouvert" à l'état "fermé", en mettant en jeu une force relativement faible, typiquement inférieure à 50 N.According to a preferred method, the bridge is broken during the tilting of the locking means from the "open" state to the "closed" state, by bringing into play a relatively weak force, typically less than 50 N.

Dans un porte-balai métallique de l'art antérieur,le problème était résolu par une languette métallique du porte-balai qu'il suffisait de rabattre après introduction du balai, mais il s'agit là d'une déformation sous contrainte caractéristique d'un métal et qui n'existe pas avec les matières plastiques.In a metal brush holder of the prior art, the problem was solved by a metal tongue of the brush holder which it was enough to fold down after introduction of the brush, but this is a deformation under stress characteristic of a metal and which does not exist with plastics.

DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESDESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Toutes les figures illustrent l'invention.All the figures illustrate the invention.

Les figures 1a à 1c illustrent un premier mode de réalisation d'un porte-balai (1) selon l'invention.
La figure 1a est une vue en perspective d'un porte-balai (1) comprenant un moyen de guidage (6), ici représenté sous la forme d'un tube à section carrée, un moyen de verrouillage à l'état ouvert (70) du balai. Ce moyen de verrouillage (7o) comprend deux barres d'obturation (9) reliées entre elles à leur sommet et est solidaire du moyen de guidage (6) par un pont (8) de matière plastique. Les extrémités des deux barres d'obturation (9) sont en regard de quatre orifices (10), en regard deux à deux, à l'extrémité (21) du moyen de guidage (6).Figures 1a to 1c illustrate a first embodiment of a brush holder (1) according to the invention.
Figure 1a is a perspective view of a brush holder (1) comprising a guide means (6), here shown in the form of a tube with a square section, a locking means in the open state (70 ) get out. This locking means (7o) comprises two shutter bars (9) connected to each other at their top and is secured to the guide means (6) by a bridge (8) of plastic. The ends of the two shutter bars (9) are opposite four orifices (10), facing two by two, at the end (21) of the guide means (6).

La figure 1b est analogue à la figure la, mais illustre le porte-balai (1) après basculement du moyen de verrouillage de l'état ouvert (7o) à l'état fermé (7f) en exerçant une pression (17).Figure 1b is similar to Figure la, but illustrates the brush holder (1) after switching the locking means from the open state (7o) to the closed state (7f) by exerting pressure (17).

La figure 1c est une vue en coupe selon un plan vertical X-Y de la figure 1a. Elle permet de voir en coupe le pont (8) qui relie le moyen de verrouillage (7o) et le moyen de guidage (6), et de voir l'alignement de la barre (9) et des deux orifices (10) en regard.Figure 1c is a sectional view along a vertical plane X-Y of Figure 1a. It allows to see in section the bridge (8) which connects the locking means (7o) and the guide means (6), and to see the alignment of the bar (9) and the two orifices (10) facing each other. .

Les figures 2a à 2e illustrent une seconde modalité de porte-balai (1) selon l'invention dans laquelle le moyen de verrouillage (7f) à l'état fermé est maintenu solidaire du moyen de guidage (6), non pas grâce à des orifices (10) comme dans les figures 1a à 1c, mais grâce à un puits (11) solidaire du moyen de guidage (6). Le moyen de verrouillage (7o, 7f) comprend deux barres d'obturation (9) et une barre de guidage (18) reliées entre elles, la barre de guidage de section rectangulaire pouvant glisser dans le puits (11) de section intérieure légèrement supérieure lors du basculement du moyen de verrouillage de la position "ouverte" à la position "fermée".
La figure 2a est une vue en perspective, le moyen de verrouillage (7o) étant à l'état ouvert et solidarisé avec le moyen de guidage (6) par des ponts (8) (un seul est visible sur la figure 2a).FIGS. 2a to 2e illustrate a second type of brush holder (1) according to the invention in which the locking means (7f) in the closed state is held integral with the guide means (6), not by means of orifices (10) as in FIGS. 1a to 1c, but thanks to a well (11) integral with the guide means (6). The locking means (7o, 7f) comprises two shutter bars (9) and a guide bar (18) interconnected, the guide bar of rectangular section being able to slide in the well (11) of slightly larger internal section. during the tilting of the locking means from the "open" position to the "closed" position.
Figure 2a is a perspective view, the locking means (7o) being in the open state and secured to the guide means (6) by bridges (8) (only one is visible in Figure 2a).

La figure 2b est une vue de face de la figure 2a permettant de voir les deux ponts (8).Figure 2b is a front view of Figure 2a to see the two bridges (8).

La figure 2c est une vue de dessus de la figure 2a permettant également de voir les deux ponts (8).Figure 2c is a top view of Figure 2a also allowing to see the two bridges (8).

La figure 2d est une vue analogue à la figure 2a, et la figure 2e est analogue à la figure 2b, mais après basculement du moyen de verrouillage à l'état fermé (7f) grâce à une pression (17).
La figure 2f, analogue à la figure 2d, représente une modalité de l'invention dans laquelle le moyen de verrouillage (7f) est maintenu solidaire du moyen de guidage (6) à la fois grâce à un puits (11) et à un élément de guidage complémentaire (25).Figure 2d is a view similar to Figure 2a, and Figure 2e is similar to Figure 2b, but after tilting the locking means in the closed state (7f) by pressure (17).
Figure 2f, similar to Figure 2d, shows a method of the invention in which the locking means (7f) is held integral with the guide means (6) both through a well (11) and an element complementary guide (25).

La figure 3a représente en vue de dessus un ensemble balais et porte-balais (12a) selon l'invention comprenant une pièce monobloc moulée constituée essentiellement de deux porte-balais (1) et d'une plaque isolante (19) formant support pour ces deux porte-balais (1). Les balais (2) sont représentés en pointillés. Des tresses de cuivre (5) relient le bloc frotteur (3) et des moyens de liaison électrique (13) se terminant par une paire de broches de connexion (20).
Les balais sont maintenus en position dans les porte-balais grâce à une rondelle centrale (14), les moyens de verrouillage (7f) étant à l'état "fermé".FIG. 3a represents a top view of a brush and brush holder assembly (12a) according to the invention comprising a molded one-piece piece consisting essentially of two brush holders (1) and of an insulating plate (19) forming a support for these two brush holders (1). The brushes (2) are shown in dotted lines. Copper braids (5) connect the friction block (3) and electrical connection means (13) ending in a pair of connection pins (20).
The brushes are held in position in the brush holders by a central washer (14), the locking means (7f) being in the "closed" state.

La figure 3b représente un ensemble porte-balais (12) vu de dessus. Cet ensemble (12) comprend une pièce monobloc moulée constituée essentiellement de quatre porte-balais (1) et d'une plaque isolante (19) formant support pour ces quatre porte-balais (1). Des moyens de liaison électrique (13) sont noyés dans l'épaisseur de la plaque (19) et relient électriquement les broches de connexion (20) et les plots de connexion (24), sur lesquels sont brasées les extrémités des tresses (5) des balais (2) (une tresse (5) a été représentée à titre d'illustration). En l'absence de balais, les moyens de verrouillage (7o) sont à l'état "ouvert".Figure 3b shows a brush holder assembly (12) seen from above. This assembly (12) comprises a one-piece molded part consisting essentially of four brush holders (1) and an insulating plate (19) forming a support for these four brush holders (1). Electrical connection means (13) are embedded in the thickness of the plate (19) and electrically connect the connection pins (20) and the connection pads (24), on which the ends of the braids (5) are brazed brushes (2) (a braid (5) has been shown by way of illustration). In the absence of brushes, the locking means (7o) are in the "open" state.

Les figures 4a à 4e illustrent, en coupe longitudinale, la technique d'assemblage automatique d'un porte-balai du type de celui représenté à la figure la (par commodité, on a représenté symboliquement dans un même plan central le balai (2) et une barre d'obturation (9), qui est en fait décalée par rapport au plan central).Figures 4a to 4e illustrate, in longitudinal section, the technique for automatically assembling a brush holder of the type shown in FIG. 1a (for convenience, the brush (2) and a shutter bar (9) are symbolically represented in the same central plane actually offset from the central plane).

La figure 4a représente le balai (2) placé dans le porte-balai (1), l'extrémité du porte-balai (1), coté collecteur, étant obstruée par une pièce (15) qui empêche le glissement du bloc frotteur (3), et le moyen de verrouillage étant à l'état ouvert (7o).FIG. 4a represents the brush (2) placed in the brush holder (1), the end of the brush holder (1), on the collector side, being obstructed by a piece (15) which prevents the sliding of the wiper block (3 ), and the locking means being in the open state (7o).

La figure 4b est analogue à la figure 4a, mais l'outil d'assemblage (16), qui a une lame de faible épaissseur, a son extrémité amincie engagée à l'intérieur de l'extrémité du ressort (4).Figure 4b is similar to Figure 4a, but the assembly tool (16), which has a thin blade, has its thinned end engaged inside the end of the spring (4).

La figure 4c illustre la compression du ressort (4).Figure 4c illustrates the compression of the spring (4).

A la figure 4d, le moyen de verrouillage est basculé à l'état fermé (7f) grâce à une pression (17). L'outil (16) ne gêne pas le basculement car l'épaisseur de l'outil est inférieure à la distance séparant les deux barres (9).
A la figure 4e, l'outil (16) a été retiré et le ressort (4) appuie contre les deux barres (9).In Figure 4d, the locking means is switched to the closed state (7f) by means of a pressure (17). The tool (16) does not hinder tilting because the thickness of the tool is less than the distance separating the two bars (9).
In FIG. 4e, the tool (16) has been removed and the spring (4) presses against the two bars (9).

Les figures 5a à 5c illustrent d'autres modalités de l'invention :FIGS. 5a to 5c illustrate other methods of the invention:

La figure 5a représente en perspective un balai (1) muni d'un moyen de verrouillage (7o) (état "ouvert") solidaire d'un moyen de guidage (6) grâce à deux ponts (8) en matière plastique, Après basculement du moyen de verrouillage à l'état "fermé" par un mouvement de rotation de 90°, et apport d'énergie thermique ou sonore (thermoscellage ou scellage par ultra-sons), le moyen de verrouillage (7f) est solidaire du moyen de guidage (6).Figure 5a shows in perspective a brush (1) provided with a locking means (7o) ("open" state) secured to a guide means (6) by means of two bridges (8) made of plastic material, After tilting of the locking means in the "closed" state by a rotational movement of 90 °, and contribution of thermal or sound energy (heat-sealing or sealing by ultrasound), the locking means (7f) is integral with the means of guide (6).

Dans le cas de la figure 5b, qui représente en perspective un balai (1) muni d'un moyen de verrouillage (7o) (état "ouvert") solidaire d'un moyen de guidage (6) grâce à deux ponts (8) en matière plastique, le moyen de verrouillage à l'état fermé (7f) est rendu solidaire du moyen de guidage (6) grâce à la coopération mécanique de parties mâles et femelles, les parties mâles étant sous forme de paires de crochets moulés avec le moyen de guidage (6), qui peuvent se clipser dans des encoches (22) du moyen de verrouillage (7o).
La figure 5c représente en coupe partielle le moyen de verrouillage (7f) encliqueté réversiblement, grâce aux crochets (23).In the case of Figure 5b, which shows in perspective a brush (1) provided with a locking means (7o) ("open" state) secured to a guide means (6) by two bridges (8) made of plastic, the locking means in the closed state (7f) is made integral with the guide means (6) thanks to the mechanical cooperation of male and female parts, the male parts being in the form of pairs of hooks molded with the guide means (6), which can be clipped into notches (22) of the locking means (7o).
Figure 5c shows in partial section the locking means (7f) snapped reversibly, thanks to the hooks (23).

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

L'invention présente de nombreuses modalités et variantes de réalisation de porte-balais (1). Toutes ces modalités ont en commun le fait que le porte-balai (1) selon l'invention comporte un moyen de verrouillage (7) solidaire du moyen de guidage (6) par au moins un pont de matière plastique (8) ayant une solidité relativement faible et prédéterminée (choix d'une section du pont de matière adaptée à l'effort de rupture souhaité), ce moyen de verrouillage (7) étant disposé, à l'état "ouvert" (7o), de manière à ce que le basculement du moyen de verrouillage de l'état "ouvert" (7o) à l'état "fermé" (7f) puisse se réaliser par un mouvement élémentaire de translation et/ou de rotation.The invention presents numerous methods and variant embodiments of brush holders (1). All these methods have in common the fact that the brush holder (1) according to the invention comprises a locking means (7) secured to the guide means (6) by at least one plastic bridge (8) having a solidity relatively small and predetermined (choice of a section of the material bridge adapted to the desired breaking force), this locking means (7) being arranged, in the "open" state (7o), so that the tilting of the locking means from the "open" state (7o) to the "closed" state (7f) can be achieved by an elementary movement of translation and / or rotation.

Selon une première modalité de l'invention, ledit moyen de verrouillage (7) est un moyen de verrouillage mécanique constitué par au moins une barre d'obturation (9) apte à se déplacer perpendiculairement audit moyen de guidage (6) lors dudit basculement ultérieur, et des moyens de coulissage (10, 11) de ladite barre d'obturation elle-même (9) ou d'une autre barre de guidage (18) solidaire mécaniquement de ladite barre d'obturation (9), lesdits moyens de coulissage (10, 11) étant solidaires mécaniquement dudit moyen de guidage (6).According to a first embodiment of the invention, said locking means (7) is a mechanical locking means constituted by at least one shutter bar (9) able to move perpendicular to said guide means (6) during said subsequent tilting , and sliding means (10, 11) of said shutter bar itself (9) or of another guide bar (18) mechanically integral with said bar shutter (9), said sliding means (10, 11) being mechanically integral with said guide means (6).

Selon une variante de cette première modalité, illustrée aux figures 1a à 1c, lesdits moyens de coulissage de ladite barre d'obturation (9) sont constitués par deux orifices (10) en regard sur les bords opposés de ladite extrémité (21), ladite barre d'obturation (9) n'étant engagée dans les deux orifices qu'après rupture dudit pont (8), de manière à faire passer réversiblement ledit moyen de verrouillage de l'état "ouvert" (7o) (barre (9) maintenue, grâce audit pont (8), non engagée dans les deux orifices (10)) à l'état "fermé" (7f).
Avec un matériau thermoplastique relativement rigide, on peut obtenir le même résultat que précédemment avec un seul orifice (10) au lieu de deux.According to a variant of this first method, illustrated in FIGS. 1a to 1c, said means for sliding said shutter bar (9) consist of two orifices (10) facing each other on the opposite edges of said end (21), said shutter bar (9) being engaged in the two orifices only after rupture of said bridge (8), so as to reversibly pass said locking means from the "open" state (7o) (bar (9) maintained, thanks to said bridge (8), not engaged in the two orifices (10)) in the "closed" state (7f).
With a relatively rigid thermoplastic material, the same result can be obtained as above with a single orifice (10) instead of two.

Selon une autre variante, illustrée aux figures 2a à 2f, lesdits moyens de coulissage de ladite autre barre de guidage (18) sont constitués par un puits (11), et éventuellement un élément de guidage complémentaire (25), mécaniquement solidaires dudit moyen de guidage (6), ladite autre barre de guidage (18) étant maintenue, grâce audit pont (8), à l'entrée du puits (moyen de verrrouillage à l'état "ouvert"), et étant introduite réversiblement dans ledit puits après rupture dudit pont (8) (moyen de verrouillage à l'état "fermé").
Dans l'illustration de cette variante aux figure 2a à 2e, deux ponts (8) ont été réalisés, mais on peut avoir un seul pont sans inconvénient majeur.According to another variant, illustrated in FIGS. 2a to 2f, said sliding means of said other guide bar (18) consist of a well (11), and possibly a complementary guide element (25), mechanically integral with said means of guide (6), said other guide bar (18) being maintained, by virtue of said bridge (8), at the entrance to the well (locking means in the "open" state), and being inserted reversibly into said well after rupture of said bridge (8) (locking means in the "closed" state).
In the illustration of this variant in FIGS. 2a to 2e, two bridges (8) have been produced, but it is possible to have a single bridge without major disadvantage.

Ces deux variantes de la première modalité sont données pour illustrer l'invention, mais sans la limiter. On peut en effet imaginer de nombreuses autres variantes basées sur le même principe de coopération entre un moyen de verrouillage (7) et des moyens de coulissage (10, 11) solidaires du moyen de guidage (6), le basculement du moyen de verrouillage étant réalisé grâce à une pression (17) exercée selon une seule direction.These two variants of the first method are given to illustrate the invention, but without limiting it. One can indeed imagine many other variants based on the same principle of cooperation between a locking means (7) and sliding means (10, 11) integral with the guide means (6), the tilting of the locking means being produced by a pressure (17) exerted in one direction.

Selon une seconde modalité de l'invention, ledit moyen de verrouillage est constitué par au moins une barre d'obturation (9) fixée par ledit pont (8) à ladite extrémité (21), barre typiquement orientée parallèlement à l'axe dudit moyen de guidage (6) (axe = direction radiale par rapport au collecteur) quand ledit moyen de verrouillage est à l'état "ouvert", et apte à pivoter de 90° et se rabattre sur ladite extrémité de manière à obtenir l'obstruction de ladite extrémité (moyen de verrouillage à l'état "fermé") grâce à un moyen de fixation réversible ou non.
Dans cette modalité, le basculement du moyen de verrouillage (7o) est essentiellement un mouvement de rotation.According to a second embodiment of the invention, said locking means consists of at least one closure bar (9) fixed by said bridge (8) to said end (21), bar typically oriented parallel to the axis of said means guide (6) (axis = radial direction relative to the manifold) when said locking means is in the "open" state, and capable of pivoting 90 ° and falling back on said end so as to obtain the obstruction of said end (locking means in the "closed" state) by means of a reversible or non-reversible fixing means.
In this mode, the tilting of the locking means (7o) is essentially a rotational movement.

Selon une première variante de cette seconde modalité, ledit moyen de fixation est choisi parmi les moyens connus pour faire adhérer l'un à l'autre deux matériaux plastiques identiques, et choisi de préférence parmi le thermoscellage ou le scellage par ultra-son, c'est à dire uniquement par apport d'énergie. Dans ce cas, le moyen de fixation, de type chimique ou physico-chimique, est irréversible.
Cette variante est illustrée à la figure 5a.According to a first variant of this second method, said fastening means is chosen from known means for making two identical plastic materials adhere to one another, and preferably chosen from heat-sealing or ultrasonic sealing, c '' is to say only by energy supply. In this case, the fixing means, of chemical or physicochemical type, is irreversible.
This variant is illustrated in Figure 5a.

Selon une seconde variante, ledit moyen de fixation résulte de la coopération de moyens mécaniques, typiquement le clipsage ou encliquetage de parties mâles et parties femelles, une partie (mâle ou femelle) étant solidaire dudit moyen de verrouillage, la partie complémentaire (femelle ou mâle) étant solidaire dudit moyen de guidage (6) en son extrémité (21).
Cette variante est illustrée aux figures 5b et 5c.According to a second variant, said fixing means results from the cooperation of mechanical means, typically the clipping or latching of male parts and female parts, a part (male or female) being integral with said locking means, the complementary part (female or male ) being integral with said guide means (6) at its end (21).
This variant is illustrated in Figures 5b and 5c.

Quelles que soient les modalités et les variantes, les porte-balais selon l'invention (moyen de verrouillage à l'état "ouvert") sont obtenus, à cadence élevée, par injection de matière thermoplastique éventuellement chargée de renfort fibreux isolant et de faible longeur (typiquement de longueur de fibre inférieure à 5 mm), et de préférence, par injection d'une matière thermoplastique à point de ramollissement supérieur à 150°C et choisie parmi les polyamides, les polyesters, chargés ou non de renfort fibreux (typiquement de la fibre de verre.Whatever the methods and variants, the brush holders according to the invention (locking means in the "open" state) are obtained, at high speed, by injection of thermoplastic material possibly loaded with insulating fibrous reinforcement and of low length (typically of fiber length less than 5 mm), and preferably by injection of a thermoplastic material with a softening point greater than 150 ° C. and chosen from polyamides, polyesters, charged or not with fibrous reinforcement (typically fiberglass.

Le deuxième objet de l'invention est un ensemble porte-balais (12) comprenant 2.n porte-balais (1) selon l'invention, avec n allant de 1 à 3, solidaires d'une plaque isolante (19), au centre ajouré pour le passage dudit collecteur, équipée de moyens de liaison électrique (13, 20) connectables auxdites tresses (5), destiné à être monté sur un collecteur, et caractérisé en ce que ledit ensemble (12) et lesdits porte-balais (1) forment une pièce monobloc obtenue par injection de matière thermoplastique éventuellement chargée de renfort fibreux, et en ce que lesdits moyens de verrouillage sont à l'état "ouvert".
Selon l'invention, il est préférable de noyer, au moins en partie, lesdits moyens de liaison électrique (13) dans ladite matière thermoplastique.
Un tel ensemble est représenté à la figure 3b.The second object of the invention is a brush holder assembly (12) comprising 2.n brush holder (1) according to the invention, with n ranging from 1 to 3, integral with an insulating plate (19), at perforated center for the passage of said collector, equipped with electrical connection means (13, 20) connectable to said braids (5), intended to be mounted on a collector, and characterized in that said assembly (12) and said brush holders ( 1) form a single piece obtained by injection of thermoplastic material possibly loaded with fibrous reinforcement, and in that said locking means are in the "open" state.
According to the invention, it is preferable to drown, at least in part, said electrical connection means (13) in said thermoplastic material.
Such an assembly is shown in Figure 3b.

Il va de soi que lesdits moyens de verrouillage (7) peuvent être indifféremment solidaires du moyen de guidage (6) ou de la plaque (19), qui supporte ledit moyen de guidage (6) et est elle-même solidaire du moyen de guidage (6).It goes without saying that said locking means (7) can be indifferently secured to the guide means (6) or to the plate (19), which supports said guide means (6) and is itself secured to the guide means (6).

Le troisième objet de l'invention est un ensemble balais et porte-balais (12a), comme représenté à la figure 3a, formé par insertion desdits balais (2) dans lesdits porte-balais (1) dudit ensemble porte-balais (12) muni d'un moyen d'écartement desdits balais (14, 15) localisé dans l'espace laissé par ledit centre ajouré et destiné à maintenir lesdits balais (2) à l'intérieur des porte-balais (1), suivie dudit basculement ultérieur dudit moyen de verrouillage (7) de manière que ce dernier soit à l'état "fermé" (7f).The third object of the invention is a brush and brush holder assembly (12a), as shown in FIG. 3a, formed by inserting said brushes (2) into said brush holders (1) of said brush holder assembly (12). provided with a means for spacing said brushes (14, 15) located in the space left by said perforated center and intended to hold said brushes (2) inside the brush holders (1), followed by said subsequent tilting said locking means (7) so that the latter is in the "closed" state (7f).

Selon une première variante, ledit moyen d'écartement est constitué par une rondelle rapportée (14) ayant un diamètre sensiblement supérieur à celui du collecteur, rondelle qui sera déplacée lors de l'assemblage dudit ensemble sur ledit collecteur.According to a first variant, said spacing means is constituted by an attached washer (14) having a diameter substantially greater than that of the manifold, which washer will be displaced during the assembly of said assembly on said manifold.

Selon une seconde variante, ledit moyen d'écartement est une pièce d'obturation (15) fixée par des ponts (8) de matière plastique aux dits porte-balais (1) ou à ladite plaque (19) et formant avec ledit ensemble (12) une pièce monobloc obtenue par injection de matière thermoplastique, les ponts de ladite pièce d'obturation étant rompus lors de l'assemblage dudit ensemble sur ledit collecteur.According to a second variant, said spacing means is a closure piece (15) fixed by bridges (8) of plastic material to said brush holders (1) or to said plate (19) and forming with said assembly ( 12) a single piece obtained by injection of thermoplastic material, the bridges of said sealing piece being broken during assembly of said assembly on said manifold.

EXEMPLES DE REALISATIONEXAMPLES OF REALIZATION Exemple 1Example 1

On a réalisé un premier ensemble porte-balais (12), par moulage (injection) de polyamide 6-6 chargé à 30 % (en volume) de fibre de verre coupée (longueur moyenne de 1 mm), correspondant à la figure 3a (vue de dessus, sensiblement à l'échelle 1/1) mais sans les balais, comprenant 2 porte-balais (1) avec un moyen de verrouillage à l'état "ouvert" (7o) analogue à celui représenté aux figures la à lc. Les porte-balais présentent des ouvertures latérales permettant le passage de la tresse de cuivre (5) du balai (2) une fois monté dans le porte-balais (1).
Les moyens de liaison électrique (13) - profilés en cuivre - relient les éléments de connexion mâles (20) et sont noyés dans la matière thermoplastique, à l'exception des plots de connexion (24) constitués par l'extrémité des profilés en cuivre accessibles pour pouvoir braser l'extrémité d'une tresse (5) d'un balai (2).
Les moyens de liaison (13) et les éléments de connexion (20) ont été placés dans le moule avant injection de PA 6-6 chargé de fibres et sont donc noyés dans la matière thermoplastique, à l'exception des extrémités à raccorder (extrémités des connexions (20) et plots (24)).A first brush holder assembly (12) was produced, by molding (injection) of polyamide 6-6 loaded with 30% (by volume) of cut glass fiber (average length of 1 mm), corresponding to FIG. 3a ( top view, substantially at scale 1/1) but without the brushes, comprising 2 brush holders (1) with a locking means in the "open" state (7o) similar to that shown in Figures la to lc . The brush holders have lateral openings allowing the passage of the copper braid (5) of the brush (2) once mounted in the brush holder (1).
The electrical connection means (13) - copper profiles - connect the male connection elements (20) and are embedded in the thermoplastic material, with the exception of the connection pads (24) formed by the end of the copper profiles accessible to be able to braze the end of a braid (5) of a broom (2).
The connecting means (13) and the connection elements (20) were placed in the mold before injection of loaded PA 6-6 of fibers and are therefore embedded in the thermoplastic material, with the exception of the ends to be connected (ends of the connections (20) and studs (24)).

Exemple 2Example 2

On a réalisé un deuxième ensemble porte-balais en polyester chargé à 30 % (en volume) de fibre de verre coupée (longueur moyenne de 1 mm) correspondant à la figure 3b (vue de dessus, sensiblement à l'échelle 1/1), comprenant 4 porte-balais analogues à ceux de l'exemple 1.
Dans ce cas, on a moulé en même temps la plaque support (19), les 4 porte-balais (1) munis chacun d'un moyen de verrouillage à l'état "ouvert" (7o) et une pièce centrale (15) reliée par des ponts (8a) faciles à casser aux extrémités des porte-balais (extrémités du côté du collecteur), pièce centrale destinée à retenir les balais dans les porte-balais.A second set of brush holders was made of polyester loaded with 30% (by volume) of cut glass fiber (average length of 1 mm) corresponding to FIG. 3b (top view, substantially on a 1/1 scale) , comprising 4 brush holders similar to those of Example 1.
In this case, the support plate (19) was molded at the same time, the 4 brush holders (1) each provided with a locking means in the "open" state (7o) and a central part (15). connected by bridges (8a) easy to break at the ends of the brush holders (ends on the collector side), central part intended to hold the brushes in the brush holders.

Exemple 3Example 3

On a réalisé un exemple analogue à celui décrit à l'exemple 1, mais avec un moyen de verrouillage analogue à celui décrit aux figures 2a à 2e.An example similar to that described in Example 1 was produced, but with a locking means similar to that described in FIGS. 2a to 2e.

Exemple 4Example 4

On a réalisé un exemple analogue à celui décrit à l'exemple 1, mais dans lequel les moyens de liaison (13) et les éléments de connexion (20) n'ont pas été placés dans le moule avant injection de PA 6-6 chargé de fibres pour être noyés dans la matière thermoplastique.
Dans ce cas, on a moulé une pièce ne comportant aucun conducteur électrique, mais permettant la fixation de moyens de liaison externes, par exemple par encliquetage d'une pièce en alliage de cuivre comprenant une partie mâle (20) d'un côté et de l'autre une plage incurvée pour pincer l'extrémité de la tresse (5).An example similar to that described in Example 1 was produced, but in which the connecting means (13) and the connection elements (20) were not placed in the mold before injection of loaded PA 6-6 fibers to be embedded in the thermoplastic material.
In this case, a part has been molded comprising no electrical conductor, but allowing the attachment of external connection means, for example by snap-fastening of a copper alloy part comprising a male part (20) on one side and the other a curved area to pinch the end of the braid (5).

Exemple 5Example 5

On a obtenu un ensemble balais et porte-balais (12a) par chargement automatique de balais (2) sur une machine d'assemblage assurant l'approvisionnement en balais, en ensembles porte-balais (12) obtenus selon l'exemple 2, le positionnement des balais dans les porte-balais, la compression du ressort (4) et le basculement du moyen de verrouillage par pression latérale (17), comme schématisé aux figures 4a à 4e pour un seul porte-balais.A brush and brush holder assembly (12a) was obtained by automatic loading of brushes (2) on an assembly machine ensuring the supply of brushes, brush holder assemblies (12) obtained according to Example 2, the positioning of the brushes in the brush holders, compression of the spring (4) and tilting of the locking means by lateral pressure (17), as shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 4a to 4e for a single brush holder.

DOMAINE D'APPLICATIONAPPLICATION DOMAIN

L'invention s'applique à tous les moteurs électriques, typiquement de diamètre compris entre 70 et 180 mm (diamètre extérieur), d'une puissance pouvant aller typiquement de 50 à 500 W, qu'il s'agisse par exemple de moteurs pour l'automobile ou l'industrie.
Selon les conditions d'utilisation, en particulier la température d'utilisation, on choisit une résine thermoplastique de tenue thermique adaptée, c'est à dire présentant typiquement un point de ramollissement au moins 50 °C supérieur à la température du porte balai en fonctionnement.The invention applies to all electric motors, typically of diameter between 70 and 180 mm (outside diameter), of a power which can typically range from 50 to 500 W, whether for example motors for automotive or industry.
Depending on the conditions of use, in particular the temperature of use, a thermoplastic resin with suitable thermal resistance is chosen, that is to say typically having a softening point at least 50 ° C. higher than the temperature of the brush holder in operation. .

AVANTAGES DE L'INVENTIONADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

D'une part, l'invention apporte une solution économique au problème de la fabrication de porte-balais ou d'ensembles balais et porte-balais.
Pour l'essentiel, cette solution réside dans les moyens trouvés par la demanderesse pour permettre une fabrication à la fois simple et automatique de porte-balais (1), d'ensembles porte-balais (12) et d'ensembles balais et porte-balais (12a).On the one hand, the invention provides an economical solution to the problem of manufacturing brush holders or brush and brush holder assemblies.
Essentially, this solution resides in the means found by the applicant to allow both simple and automatic manufacture of brush holders (1), brush holder assemblies (12) and brush and holder assemblies. brooms (12a).

Parmi ces moyens, il y a le fait d'obtenir une pièce monobloc et monomatériau par injection d'une matière thermoplastique, et surtout le fait d'obtenir en même temps un moyen de verrouillage du balai, qui soit à l'état "ouvert" et qui soit facilement basculable en position "fermée" sans faire appel à des moyens coûteux ou complexes.
L'économie de la solution trouvée réside aussi dans le faible coût relatif des matières thermoplastiques usuelles, souvent moins chères que les alliages (laitons) généralement utilisés pour les porte-balais de l'art antérieur.Among these means, there is the fact of obtaining a one-piece and single-material part by injection of a thermoplastic material, and above all the fact of obtaining at the same time a means of locking the brush, which is in the "open" state. "and which is easily tiltable in the" closed "position without using expensive or complex means.
The economy of the solution found also lies in the relative low cost of the usual thermoplastic materials, often less expensive than the alloys (brasses) generally used for the brush holders of the prior art.

L'invention apporte aussi un avantage notable de souplesse car le même porte-balais ou ensemble balai et porte-balais peut être réalisé en différents matériaux thermoplastiques, chargés ou non de renforts fibreux, ayant des performances et des coûts très différents, de manière à pouvoir satisfaire, au moindre coût, à des exigences techniques variées.The invention also provides a notable advantage of flexibility since the same brush holder or brush assembly and brush holder can be made of different thermoplastic materials, loaded or not with fibrous reinforcements, having very different performances and costs, so as to be able to meet various technical requirements at the lowest cost.

Claims (16)

1 - Porte-balai (1), destiné à maintenir au contact d'un collecteur d'un moteur électrique un balai (2) constitué d'un bloc frotteur (3), d'un ressort (4) et d'une tresse conductrice électrique (5), comprenant un moyen de guidage (6) dudit balai (2) permettant une libre translation dudit balai (2) au fur et à mesure de l'usure dudit bloc frotteur (3) contre ledit collecteur, et un moyen de verrouillage (7, 7o) dudit ressort, fixé à l'extrémité (21) dudit moyen de guidage (6) opposée au collecteur, permettant à l'état "ouvert" (70) l'introduction dudit balai (2) dans ledit moyen de guidage (6), puis, à l'état "fermé" (7f), l'obstruction de ladite extrémité (21) et le blocage dudit ressort (4) à l'état comprimé, caractérisé en ce que, de manière à permettre la fabrication économique dudit porte-balai (1) et l'assemblage économique et automatisé dudit balai (2) et porte-balai (1), a) ledit porte-balai (1) est obtenu par moulage d'une matière plastique, b) ledit porte-balai (1) est constitué par ledit moyen de guidage (6) et ledit moyen de verrouillage à l'état "ouvert" (7o), c) ledit moyen de verrouillage (7o) est fixé audit moyen de guidage (6) par au moins un pont de matière plastique (8) permettant le basculement ultérieur dudit moyen de verrouillage à l'état "fermé" (7f). 1 - Brush holder (1), intended to maintain in contact with a collector of an electric motor a brush (2) consisting of a wiper block (3), a spring (4) and a braid electrically conductive (5), comprising a guide means (6) of said brush (2) allowing a free translation of said brush (2) as the wear of said friction block (3) against said collector, and means for locking (7, 7o) of said spring, fixed to the end (21) of said guide means (6) opposite the collector, allowing the "open" state (70) the introduction of said brush (2) into said guide means (6), then, in the "closed" state (7f), the obstruction of said end (21) and the blocking of said spring (4) in the compressed state, characterized in that, so to allow economical manufacture of said brush holder (1) and economical and automated assembly of said brush (2) and brush holder (1), a) said brush holder (1) is obtained by molding a plastic material, b) said brush holder (1) is constituted by said guide means (6) and said locking means in the "open" state (7o), c) said locking means (7o) is fixed to said guide means (6) by at least one plastic bridge (8) allowing the subsequent tilting of said locking means in the "closed" state (7f). 2 - Porte-balai selon la revendication 1 dans lequel ledit pont de matière plastique (8) est rompu sous l'action d'une force inférieure à 50 N lors dudit basculement ultérieur. 2 - Brush holder according to claim 1 wherein said plastic bridge (8) is broken under the action of a force less than 50 N during said subsequent tilting. 3 - Porte-balai selon la revendication 2 dans lequel ledit moyen de verrouillage (7, 7o) est un moyen de verrouillage mécanique constitué par au moins une barre d'obturation (9) apte à se déplacer perpendiculairement audit moyen de guidage (6) lors dudit basculement ultérieur, et par des moyens de coulissage (10, 11) de ladite barre d'obturation elle-même ou d'une autre barre de guidage (18) solidaire mécaniquement de ladite barre d'obturation, lesdits moyens de coulissage (10) étant solidaires mécaniquement dudit moyen de guidage (6). 3 - Brush holder according to claim 2 wherein said locking means (7, 7o) is a mechanical locking means consisting of at least one shutter bar (9) adapted to move perpendicular to said guide means (6) during said subsequent changeover, and by means of sliding (10, 11) of said shutter bar itself or of another guide bar (18) mechanically secured to said shutter bar, said sliding means (10) being mechanically secured to said guide means ( 6). 4 - Porte-balai selon la revendication 3 dans lequel lesdits moyens de coulissage de ladite barre d'obturation sont constitués par deux orifices (10) en regard sur les bords opposés de ladite extrémité (21), ladite barre d'obturation (9) n'étant engagée dans les deux orifices (10) qu'après rupture dudit pont (8), de manière à faire passer réversiblement ledit moyen de verrouillage (7) de l'état "ouvert" (7o) (barre maintenue, grâce audit pont, non engagée dans les deux orifices) à l'état "fermé" (7f). 4 - brush holder according to claim 3 wherein said sliding means of said shutter bar are constituted by two orifices (10) facing the opposite edges of said end (21), said shutter bar (9) being engaged in the two orifices (10) only after rupture of said bridge (8), so as to reversibly pass said locking means (7) from the "open" state (7o) (bar maintained, thanks to said bridge, not engaged in the two orifices) in the "closed" state (7f). 5 - Porte-balai selon la revendication 3 dans lequel lesdits moyens de coulissage de ladite autre barre de guidage (18) sont constitués par un puits (11) mécaniquement solidaire dudit moyen de guidage (6), ladite autre barre de guidage (18) étant maintenue, grâce audit pont (8), à l'entrée du puits (11) (moyen de verrrouillage (7o) à l'état "ouvert"), et étant introduite réversiblement dans ledit puits (11) après rupture dudit pont (8) (moyen de verrouillage (7f) à l'état "fermé"). 5 - Brush holder according to claim 3 wherein said sliding means of said other guide bar (18) are constituted by a well (11) mechanically integral with said guide means (6), said other guide bar (18) being maintained, thanks to said bridge (8), at the entrance to the well (11) (locking means (7o) in the "open" state), and being reversibly introduced into said well (11) after rupture of said bridge ( 8) (locking means (7f) in the "closed" state). 6 - Porte-balai selon la revendication 2 dans lequel ledit moyen de verrouillage (7) est constitué par au moins une barre d'obturation (9) fixée par ledit pont (8) à ladite extrémité (21), barre typiquement orientée parallèlement à l'axe dudit moyen de guidage (moyen de verrouillage (7o) à l'état "ouvert"), et apte à pivoter de 90° et se rabattre sur ladite extrémité de manière à obtenir l'obstruction de ladite extrémité (21) (moyen de verrouillage (7f) à l'état "fermé") grâce à un moyen de fixation réversible ou non. 6 - Brush holder according to claim 2 wherein said locking means (7) consists of at least one shutter bar (9) fixed by said bridge (8) at said end (21), bar typically oriented parallel to the axis of said guide means (locking means (7o) in the "open" state), and capable of pivoting 90 ° and falling back on said end so as to obtain the obstruction of said end (21) ( locking means (7f) in the "closed" state) by means of a reversible or non-reversible fixing means. 7 - Porte-balai selon la revendication 6 dans lequel ledit moyen de fixation est choisi parmi les moyens connus pour faire adhérer l'un à l'autre deux matériaux plastiques identiques, et choisi de préférence parmi le thermoscellage ou le scellage par ultra-son. 7 - Brush holder according to claim 6 wherein said fixing means is chosen from the means known for make two identical plastic materials adhere to one another, and preferably chosen from heat-sealing or ultrasonic sealing. 8 - Porte-balai selon la revendication 6 dans lequel ledit moyen de fixation résulte de la coopération de moyens mécaniques, typiquement le clipsage ou encliquetage de parties mâles et parties femelles, les unes solidaires dudit moyen de guidage (6), les autres solidaires dudit moyen de verrouillage (7). 8 - Brush holder according to claim 6 wherein said fixing means results from the cooperation of mechanical means, typically the clipping or snap-fastening of male parts and female parts, some integral with said guide means (6), the others integral with said locking means (7). 9 - Porte-balai selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 obtenu par injection de matière thermoplastique éventuellement chargée de renfort fibreux isolant et de faible longeur (typiquement de longueur de fibre inférieure à 5 mm). 9 - Brush holder according to any one of claims 1 to 8 obtained by injection of thermoplastic material optionally charged with insulating fibrous reinforcement and of short length (typically of fiber length less than 5 mm). 10 - Porte-balai selon la revendication 9 obtenu de préférence par injection d'une matière thermoplastique à point de ramollissement supérieur à 150°C et choisie parmi les polyamides, les polyesters chargés ou non de fibre de verre. 10 - Brush holder according to claim 9 preferably obtained by injection of a thermoplastic material with a softening point greater than 150 ° C and chosen from polyamides, polyesters loaded or not with glass fiber. 11 - Ensemble porte-balais (12) comprenant 2.n porte-balais (1) (n allant de 1 à 3) selon les revendications 1 à 10 solidaires d'une plaque isolante (19), au centre ajouré pour le passage dudit collecteur, équipé de moyens de liaison électrique (13, 20) connectables auxdites tresses (5), destiné à être monté sur un collecteur, et caractérisé en ce que ledit ensemble (12) et lesdits porte-balais (1) forment une pièce monobloc obtenue par injection de matière thermoplastique éventuellement chargée de renfort fibreux, et en ce que lesdits moyens de verrouillage sont à l'état "ouvert" (7o). 11 - brush holder assembly (12) comprising 2.n brush holder (1) (n ranging from 1 to 3) according to claims 1 to 10 secured to an insulating plate (19), in the perforated center for the passage of said collector, equipped with electrical connection means (13, 20) connectable to said braids (5), intended to be mounted on a collector, and characterized in that said assembly (12) and said brush holders (1) form a single piece obtained by injection of thermoplastic material possibly loaded with fibrous reinforcement, and in that said locking means are in the "open" state (7o). 12 - Ensemble selon la revendication 11 dans lequel lesdits moyens de liaison électrique sont en partie noyés dans ladite matière thermoplastique. 12 - assembly according to claim 11 wherein said electrical connection means are partly embedded in said thermoplastic material. 13 - Ensemble selon la revendication 11 dans lequel lesdits moyens de liaison électrique sont externes (moyens non noyés dans la matière plastique). 13 - assembly according to claim 11 wherein said electrical connection means are external (means not embedded in the plastic). 14 - Ensemble balais et porte-balais (12a) selon une quelconque des revendications 11 à 13 obtenu par insertion desdits balais (2) dans lesdits porte-balais (1) dudit ensemble porte-balais (12) muni d'un moyen d'écartement (14, 15) desdits balais (2) localisé dans l'espace laissé par ledit centre ajouré et destiné à maintenir lesdits balais (2) à l'intérieur des porte-balais (1), puis par basculement ultérieur dudit moyen de verrouillage (7o) de manière que ce dernier passe à l'état "fermé" (7f). 14 - brush assembly and brush holder (12a) according to any one of claims 11 to 13 obtained by insertion of said brushes (2) in said brush holder (1) of said brush holder assembly (12) provided with a means of spacing (14, 15) of said brushes (2) located in the space left by said perforated center and intended to hold said brushes (2) inside the brush holders (1), then by subsequent tilting of said locking means (7o) so that the latter goes to the "closed" state (7f). 15 - Ensemble selon la revendication 14 dans lequel ledit moyen d'écartement est constitué par une rondelle rapportée (14) ayant un diamètre sensiblement supérieur à celui du collecteur, rondelle qui sera déplacée lors de l'assemblage dudit ensemble sur ledit collecteur. 15 - assembly according to claim 14 wherein said spacing means is constituted by an attached washer (14) having a diameter substantially greater than that of the manifold, washer which will be moved during assembly of said assembly on said manifold. 16 - Ensemble selon la revendication 14 dans lequel ledit moyen d'écartement est une pièce d'obturation (15) fixée aux dits porte-balais (1) ou à ladite plaque (19) par des ponts (8a) de matière plastique, et formant avec ledit ensemble (12) une pièce monobloc obtenue par injection de matière thermoplastique, les ponts (8a) de ladite pièce d'obturation étant rompus lors de l'assemblage dudit ensemble sur ledit collecteur. 16 - assembly according to claim 14 wherein said spacing means is a closure piece (15) fixed to said brush holders (1) or to said plate (19) by bridges (8a) of plastic, and forming with said assembly (12) a single piece obtained by injection of thermoplastic material, the bridges (8a) of said closure piece being broken during assembly of said assembly on said manifold.
EP94420009A 1993-01-14 1994-01-11 Brush holder made of plastics and corresponding one piece brush holder with facilitated brush mounting Withdrawn EP0607098A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9300550A FR2700423B1 (en) 1993-01-14 1993-01-14 Plastic brush holder and corresponding one-piece brush holder assembly, with easy brush mounting.
FR9300550 1993-01-14

Publications (1)

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EP0607098A1 true EP0607098A1 (en) 1994-07-20

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EP94420009A Withdrawn EP0607098A1 (en) 1993-01-14 1994-01-11 Brush holder made of plastics and corresponding one piece brush holder with facilitated brush mounting

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JP (1) JPH06245434A (en)
FR (1) FR2700423B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0762550A2 (en) * 1995-09-04 1997-03-12 The Whitaker Corporation Housing for an electrical connector

Families Citing this family (2)

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FR2934426B1 (en) * 2008-07-23 2013-01-25 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur BROOM DEVICE FOR ENABLING AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTION WITH A COLLECTOR IN A ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE
JP6212283B2 (en) 2013-05-23 2017-10-11 マブチモーター株式会社 Method for manufacturing motor and movement regulating structure

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FR2558012A1 (en) * 1984-01-06 1985-07-12 Electro Mec Nivernais ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH COLLECTOR AND BROOM HOLDER FOR SUCH AN ENGINE
US4746828A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-05-24 Electrolux Corporation Molded electric motor housing and brush holder unit
FR2612005A1 (en) * 1987-03-05 1988-09-09 Lorraine Carbone Brush-holder assembly for electric motors
US4801833A (en) * 1985-12-12 1989-01-31 Eaton Stamping Company Motor end cap
US4845396A (en) * 1986-08-19 1989-07-04 Capsonic Group, Inc. Motor brush holder assembly
GB2224166A (en) * 1988-10-13 1990-04-25 Johnson Electric Ind Mfg Brush supporting gear with switch for an electric motor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2558012A1 (en) * 1984-01-06 1985-07-12 Electro Mec Nivernais ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH COLLECTOR AND BROOM HOLDER FOR SUCH AN ENGINE
US4801833A (en) * 1985-12-12 1989-01-31 Eaton Stamping Company Motor end cap
US4845396A (en) * 1986-08-19 1989-07-04 Capsonic Group, Inc. Motor brush holder assembly
US4746828A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-05-24 Electrolux Corporation Molded electric motor housing and brush holder unit
FR2612005A1 (en) * 1987-03-05 1988-09-09 Lorraine Carbone Brush-holder assembly for electric motors
GB2224166A (en) * 1988-10-13 1990-04-25 Johnson Electric Ind Mfg Brush supporting gear with switch for an electric motor

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0762550A2 (en) * 1995-09-04 1997-03-12 The Whitaker Corporation Housing for an electrical connector
EP0762550A3 (en) * 1995-09-04 1997-10-15 Whitaker Corp Housing for an electrical connector

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Publication number Publication date
FR2700423B1 (en) 1995-03-03
FR2700423A1 (en) 1994-07-13
JPH06245434A (en) 1994-09-02

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