EP0595616B1 - Process for adjusting the moisture content of organic materials - Google Patents

Process for adjusting the moisture content of organic materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0595616B1
EP0595616B1 EP93308562A EP93308562A EP0595616B1 EP 0595616 B1 EP0595616 B1 EP 0595616B1 EP 93308562 A EP93308562 A EP 93308562A EP 93308562 A EP93308562 A EP 93308562A EP 0595616 B1 EP0595616 B1 EP 0595616B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tobacco
organic material
air stream
process according
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93308562A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0595616A3 (en
EP0595616A2 (en
Inventor
Warren D. Winterson
John C. Crump
Eugene B. Fischer
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Philip Morris Products SA
Philip Morris Products Inc
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Philip Morris Products SA
Philip Morris Products Inc
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/969,035 external-priority patent/US5383479A/en
Priority claimed from US07/969,109 external-priority patent/US5526581A/en
Application filed by Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris Products Inc filed Critical Philip Morris Products SA
Publication of EP0595616A2 publication Critical patent/EP0595616A2/en
Publication of EP0595616A3 publication Critical patent/EP0595616A3/en
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Publication of EP0595616B1 publication Critical patent/EP0595616B1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/04—Humidifying or drying tobacco bunches or cut tobacco
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco

Definitions

  • This invention relates to processes for reordering, i.e., increasing the moisture content, and drying tobacco or other hygroscopic organic materials, such as pharmaceutical and agricultural products, including but not limited to fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, and tea. More particularly, this invention relates to the use of controlled humidity air to moisten or dry these materials.
  • the art has long recognized the desirability of controlling the moisture content of various organic materials, including tobacco.
  • the moisture content of tobacco that has been processed into a useful product has been altered numerous times.
  • Each processing step e.g., stem removal, cutting, blending components, adding flavors, expansion and fabricating into cigarettes, requires certain optimum moisture levels, which must be controlled carefully, to ensure top quality tobacco and other hygroscopic organic material products.
  • the manner in which the moisture content of the tobacco is altered can have a lasting effect on the physical, chemical and subjective characteristics of the final product. Accordingly, the methods used for bringing about changes in the moisture content of tobacco or other organic materials are important.
  • Reordering of expanded tobacco is a particularly demanding process.
  • tobacco obtained from the expansion process will have a moisture content below 6%, and often less than 3%. At such low moisture contents the tobacco is very susceptible to breakage.
  • the expanded tobacco structure is subject to collapse upon reordering, i.e., a full or partial return of the tobacco to its unexpanded state. This collapse results in a loss of filling power, thus decreasing the benefit derived from the expansion process.
  • One method which has been employed to avoid these difficulties, is to place dry, expanded tobacco in a chamber containing air at a desired humidity level and allow the tobacco to equilibrate in the chamber over a period of from 24 hours to 48 hours. Air velocity through the chamber is kept very low, typically not more than about 25 feet per minute. This procedure results in little or no collapse of the expanded tobacco structure. However, the long times required, 24 hours to 48 hours, have limited its application to laboratory purposes.
  • drying as a means for controlling moisture content during the processing of tobacco is of equal importance as that of reordering.
  • tobacco is dried, both physical and chemical changes can occur that affect the physical and subjective quality of the product. Therefore, the method of drying tobacco is exceedingly important.
  • drying equipment generally used by the tobacco industry: rotary driers and belt or apron driers. Pneumatic-type driers are also used occasionally. The particular dryer used is chosen for the drying operation required. Belt or apron driers, for example, are normally used for strip tobacco, whereas rotary driers are used for cut tobacco. Both rotary and belt driers are used for drying stems.
  • tobacco is spread on a perforated belt and air is directed either upward or downward through the belt and tobacco bed.
  • Nonuniform drying of the tobacco often occurs due to channels being blown in the bed allowing the drying air to locally bypass the tobacco.
  • rotary driers used in the tobacco industry are lined with steam coils and may function as either indirect or direct heat driers depending on whether the heat is applied outside or inside the drier shell containing the tobacco. Moreover, they may be operated either co-currently where the tobacco and air flow in the same direction or countercurrently where the tobacco and air flow in opposite directions.
  • Rotary drying must be controlled carefully to avoid overdrying, which causes both chemical changes and unnecessary breakage by the rotary motion.
  • an impervious layer may be formed on the outer surface of the tobacco making it difficult for moisture on the inside of the tobacco to diffuse to the surface. The formation of such a layer slows the drying rate and results in nonuniformity in drying.
  • US-A-3,879,857 discloses a stack conveyor in which tobacco is conveyed upwards in a spiral. Air is conveyed downwards through a central core and passes over each tier of the conveyor and then exhausted such that air from one tier does not contact air from other tiers.
  • US-A-4,241,515 discloses a linear conveyor in which three cooling regimes are established, each having its own source of air.
  • material is fed on three conveyors, arranged one above the other and air is passed, at about 180°C from the bottom to the top conveyor.
  • the bottom conveyor extends to the second and third zones.
  • the second zone is subdivided into three and air is passed at 180°C concurrent with the direction of travel.
  • moist air at about 25°C is passed through the conveyor normal to the direction of travel.
  • Embodiments of the invention have the advantage that tobacco or other suitable hygroscopic and agricultural products, including but not limited to fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee and tea may be reordered or dried with little or no breakage, even of fragile tobacco exiting the expansion process. It further has the advantage of reordering expanded tobacco with little or no loss of expanded tobacco structure and enables drying of tobacco or other suitable hygroscopic organic material at approximately atmospheric pressure, for example, without the use of vacuum and at a selected temperature wherein the thermal treatment imparted can be controlled during the process to an extent unattainable in conventional tobacco drying processes.
  • changes in the moisture content of tobacco or other suitable organic materials are affected by contacting the tobacco with air which has a relative humidity carefully controlled above or below the equilibrium relative humidity of the organic material with which it is in contact.
  • the relative humidity of the air is continuously increased or decreased, as appropriate, during processing to maintain a controlled differential between the relative humidity of the air and the equilibrium relative humidity of the organic material with which it is in contact.
  • Careful, continuous control of relative humidity allows control of the rate of moisture mass transfer between the organic material and its environment so that structural changes to the tobacco are minimized.
  • Utilization of relative humidity as the primary driving force for moisture mass transfer allows independent control of thermal treatment. This process can be carried out in either a batch or continuous fashion. Furthermore, the process can be carried out without the use of rotating cylinders and the consequent breakage that occurs with their use.
  • the present invention relates to processes for adjusting the moisture content of tobacco or other suitable hygroscopic organic material, such as pharmaceutical and agricultural products, including but not limited to fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, and tea while minimizing breakage, changes to the physical structure, or thermally driven changes to the chemical composition of the tobacco to be treated. More particularly, the present invention relates to the use of controlled humidity air for the purpose of either reordering or drying tobacco or other suitable hygroscopic organic material.
  • the moisture content of tobacco or other suitable hygroscopic organic material is either increased or decreased by gradually and continuously increasing or decreasing, as appropriate, the relative humidity of the air contacting the tobaccor or other suitable hygroscopic organic material. In this manner moisture transfer is controlled, allowing other process variables such as temperature, air velocity, and air pressure to be optimized separately.
  • CV cylinder volume
  • SV specific volume
  • Tobacco filler weighing 20 grams, if unexpanded, or 10 grams, if expanded, is placed in a 6-cm diameter Densimeter cylinder, Model No. DD-60, designed by the Heinr. Borgwaldt Company, Heinr. Borgwaldt GmbH, Schnackenburgallee No. 15, Postfack 54 07 02, 2000 Hamburg 54 West Germany.
  • a 2-kg piston, 5.6 cm in diameter, is placed on the tobacco in the cylinder for 30 seconds.
  • the resulting volume of the compressed tobacco is read and divided by the tobacco sample weight to yield the cylinder volume as cc/gram.
  • the test determines the apparent volume of a given weight of tobacco filler.
  • the resulting volume of filler is reported as cylinder volume. This test is carried out at standard environmental conditions of 24°C (75°F)and 60% RH; conventionally, unless otherwise stated, the sample is preconditioned in this environment for 24-48 hours.
  • specific volume is a unit for measuring the volume occupied by solid objects, e.g., tobacco, using Archimedes' principle of fluid displacement.
  • the specific volume of an object is determined by taking the inverse of its true density. Specific volume is expressed in "cc/grams". Both mercury porosity and helium pycnometry are suitable methods for making these measurements, and the results have been found to correlate well.
  • helium pycnometry When helium pycnometry is used, a weighed sample of tobacco, either "as is", dried at 100°C for 3 hours, or equilibrated, is placed in a cell in a Quantachrome Penta-Pycnometer Model 2042-1 (manufactured by Quantachrome Corporation, 5 Aerial Way, Syosset, New York). The cell is then purged and pressured with helium. The volume of helium displaced by the tobacco is compared with volume of helium required to fill an empty sample cell. The tobacco volume is determined based on the fundamental principles of the ideal gas law. As used throughout this application, unless stated to the contrary, specific volume was determined using the same tobacco sample used to determine OV, i.e., tobacco dried after exposure for 3 hours in a circulating air oven controlled at 100°C.
  • moisture content may be considered equivalent to oven-volatiles content (OV) since not more than about 0.9% of tobacco weight is volatiles other than water.
  • Oven-volatiles determination is a simple measurement of tobacco weight loss after exposure for 3 hours in a circulating air oven controlled at 100°C. The weight loss as percentage of initial weight is oven-volatiles content.
  • Standard test refers to a method of measuring the shred-length distribution of a sample of cut filler. This test is frequently used as an indicator of degradation of shred length during processing.
  • Tobacco filler weighing 150 ⁇ 20 grams, if unexpanded, or 100 ⁇ 10 grams, if expanded, is placed in a shaker apparatus.
  • the shaker apparatus utilizes a series of 30.5 cm (12-inch) diameter, round screen trays (manufactured by W.S. Tyler, Inc., a subsidiary of Combustion Engineering Inc. Screening Division, Mentor, Ohio 44060) that meet ASTM (American Society of Testing Materials) standards. Normal screen sizes for sieve trays are 6 mesh, 12 mesh, 20 mesh, and 35 mesh.
  • the apparatus has a shaking distance (stroke) of about 2.5-1.25 cm (1-1/2 inches) and a shaking speed of 350 ⁇ 5 rpm.
  • the shaker agitates the tobacco for a period of 5 minutes in order to separate the sample into different particle size ranges.
  • Each of the particle size ranges is weighed, thus yielding a particle size distribution of the sample.
  • line ABC is an isotherm for 24°C (75°F) for a typical expanded bright tobacco.
  • This isotherm relates the tobacco's OV to the RH of the air surrounding it at equilibrium for a given temperature.
  • point B indicates that at 24°C (75°F) and 60% RH, this sample of expanded tobacco will have an OV of about 11.7% upon equilibration.
  • Line DEF of FIG. 1 represents a typical RH profile for tobacco which is reordered, according to this invention.
  • Line GEF of FIG. 1 represents an alternative RH profile which also has been found satisfactory.
  • Line HF of FIG. 1 represents a path typical of the prior art such as laboratory reordering in an equilibrium chamber at very low air velocities.
  • Line IJ of FIG. 1 represents the application of this invention to the drying of the tobacco.
  • FIG. 1 shows that reordering tobacco from an OV of about 6.5%, where it would be in equilibrium with air having about 30% RH, to an OV of about 11.7%, where it would be in equilibrium with air having about 60% RH, could be accomplished by exposing it to air which is increased in moisture from about 40% RH in small increments over a period of time until it reaches about 60% RH, rather than being exposed to 60% RH air directly.
  • mass transfer between the air stream and the tobacco is relatively slow because the driving force is small, and the expanded tobacco structure is maintained.
  • Reordering of expanded tobacco with no loss in CV may also be achieved by exposing the tobacco to air which is increased in moisture content from about 40% RH in small increments over a period of time of about 40 to about 60 minutes until it reaches an RH of about 62%. This reduces the overall time required to complete the reordering process without significantly changing the expanded tobacco structure.
  • lines DEF and GEF of FIG. 1 each represent effective embodiments of the present invention when reordering tobacco.
  • near-equilibrium conditions between the air stream and the tobacco are illustrated by line segment EF and line ABC. It will be appreciated that at tobacco OV's below about 7% the difference between the relative humidity of the air in equilibrium with the tobacco and the relative humidity of the humid-air stream used for reordering can be quite large without adversely affecting the filling power of the tobacco. It will also be appreciated that at tobacco OV's from about 7.5% to about 11.5% the relative humidity of the humid air stream used for reordering can be from about 2% to about 8% above the relative humidity of the air in equilibrium with the tobacco, with the greater deviation from equilibrium corresponding to the lower tobacco OV, without adversely affecting the filling power of the tobacco.
  • line IJ of FIG. 1 illustrates only one of many possible paths which may be used when drying tobacco according to the present invention.
  • the present invention may be carried out as either a batch or a continuous process.
  • the relative humidity of the air stream contacting the tobacco is increased over time to provide a continuous increase in moisture content of the tobacco. This may be accomplished in an environmental chamber such as the one illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the tobacco to be reordered is placed at a bed depth of about 5.1 cm (2 inches) in trays having screen mesh bottoms, inside an environmental chamber so that a stream of controlled humidity air may pass through the tobacco in a downward direction. Chambers ranging in size from about 0.57m 3 (20 cubic feet) to about 2.27m 3 (80 cubic feet) (manufactured by Parameter Generation and Control, Inc., 1104 Old US 70, West, Black Mountain, N.C.
  • Thunder model 4A-1 instrument manufactured by Thunder Scientific Corp., 623 Wyoming, S.E., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123. Air velocities were measured with an Alnor Thermo Anemometer model 8525 (manufactured by Alnor Instrument Co., 7555 N. Linder Ave, Skokie, Illinois 60066).
  • the present invention may be carried out as a continuous process most effectively in a Frigoscandia self-stacking spiral conveying machine, such as the one shown in FIG. 3.
  • This apparatus is a specially modified Model GCP 42 spiral freezer supplied by Frigoscandia Food Process Systems AB of Helsingborg, Sweden.
  • Dry tobacco to be reordered enters the unit 10 at entrance 12 on a conveyor 13, is conveyed through the unit 10 in a spiral geometry from the bottom to the top of the spiral stack 14 as shown, and exits at the tobacco exit 11 after reordering.
  • Humidified air is blown down through the tobacco from the humid air inlet 15 to the bottom of the spiral stack 14 where it exits through the humid air exit 16, essentially flowing countercurrent to the direction of tobacco flow, i.e., the majority of the humid-air flow is from the top of the stack downward through the tiers of the tobacco bed, while the tobacco moves upward following the spiral path of the conveyor.
  • a small portion of the humid air follows the spiral path of the conveyor stack from top to bottom in a true countercurrent path.
  • FIG. 3a which is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the spiral conveyor stack 14 shown in FIG. 3, the path of the air flow 20 and 22 relative to the path of the tobacco bed 21 is illustrated. As shown in FIG. 3a, the air flow 20 and 22 is from the top of the stack downward. The tobacco flow is from the bottom to the top of the unit and is illustrated as moving from the right to the left-hand side of FIG. 3a as it progresses up the spiral conveyor stack 14.
  • Frigoscandia self-stacking spiral conveyor by virtue of its self-stacking design, channels the majority of air flow downward through the multiple tiers of conveyor (the conveyor stack), which are carrying tobacco.
  • the conveyor stack By feeding tobacco into the bottom of the conveyor stack and humidified air into the top of the stack, the overall flow of air and tobacco is essentially countercurrent. This essentially countercurrent flow provides a natural continuous RH gradient in the air contacting the tobacco because the air is progressively dehydrated as it moves downward through the tiers of tobacco undergoing the reordering process.
  • Model 29-03 RH/Temperature recorder manufactured by Rustrak Instruments Co. of E. Greenwich, RI
  • Frigoscandia unit while reordering tobacco.
  • These devices have shown a steady increase in air relative humidity as the device is conveyed up the spiral stack, with initial RH recordings of from about 35% to about 45% at the bottom of the stack, where tobacco is driest, to about 62% at the top of the stack, where the tobacco is most fully reordered.
  • FIG. 6 is a typical curve of RH versus time obtained with the Rustrak unit.
  • the percent RH of the air adjacent to the tobacco bed versus time is shown in FIG. 6.
  • Tobacco with an initial OV of about 3% entered the spiral reordering unit and was contacted with air having an RH of about 43% (Point A of FIG. 6).
  • FIG. 6 shows that as the tobacco progressed through the spiral reordering unit, the RH of the air adjacent to the tobacco increased from about 43% to about 62% at the exit of the unit (Point B of FIG. 6).
  • the tobacco had an OV of about 11% upon exiting the spiral reordering unit.
  • the RH of the air entering the spiral reordering unit was controlled to yield reordered tobacco with no significant loss of CV.
  • FIG. 4 Other means of providing ramped RH air, such as the unit shown in FIG. 4, may also be used to carry out this invention on a continuous basis.
  • tobacco enters the unit at the tobacco inlet 40 on conveyor 43, and exits at the tobacco exit 41. Air with steadily increasing relative humidity is blown, either up flow or down flow, through the tobacco bed 42 in a multiplicity of zones 44 to reproduce the effect of ramping in the apparatus of FIG. 2.
  • This ramping effect could be accomplished by moving air from a single source in a serpentine fashion from the right to left in FIG. 4, providing essentially countercurrent air flow to the direction of tobacco movement.
  • air exiting a given zone would become the inlet air to the adjacent one on its left.
  • the process may be applied to any or all of the above with or without flavorings added.
  • non-expanded cut filler can be dried continuously, at essentially ambient temperature, by essentially countercurrent flow through the modified Frigoscandia self-stacking spiral conveyor from a tobacco moisture content of about 21% OV to about 15% OV in about one hour.
  • air entered the top of the unit at about 85°F and about 58% RH and exited at about 25°C (77°F) and about 68% RH. Drying was accomplished with little or no thermal treatment of the tobacco.
  • the process of the present invention may be used to dry tobacco having a temperature significantly above ambient temperature, e.g., tobacco at about 93°C (200°F) to about 121°C (250°F).
  • tobacco in this temperature range is dried, the RH and temperature of the drying air is adjusted to provide appropriate conditions for carrying out the process of the present invention.
  • as-is refers to tobacco prior to being equilibrated in an environmental chamber with air maintained at 60% RH and 24°C (75°F) passing through it at a low velocity for a period of from 24 hours to 48 hours.
  • This process of equilibration is generally used as a means for bringing tobacco to a standard condition prior to CV, SV and sieve measurements being made.
  • the desiccator-reordered tobacco had a CV of about 9.5 cc/gram and an SV of about 2.9 cc/gram at an OV of about 11.6%.
  • the equilibrated OV was about 11.3% and the CV and SV values were about 9.4 cc/gram and about 2.7 cc/gram, respectively.
  • a third sample of the expanded tobacco filler was reordered in a spray cylinder to an as-is OV of about 11.5%. After equilibration, this sample had a CV of about 8.5 cc/gram and an SV of about 1.9 cc/gram at an equilibrium OV of about 11.6%.
  • a second set of experiments was carried out using an environmental chamber to reorder expanded tobacco filler.
  • a Parameter Generation and Control (PGC) chamber was used.
  • PPC Parameter Generation and Control
  • This chamber was equipped with a Micro-pro 2000 microprocessor supplied by Parameter Generation and Control Inc., which permitted controlled ramping of the conditions inside the chamber.
  • Reordering with humid air was carried out inside a PGC environmental chamber equipped with a microprocessor to control ramping over selected time intervals. The following conditions were selected:
  • Tests were conducted to determine the effect of air flow and air velocity on entrainment, channeling, and compaction of the tobacco. These tests were carried out using two PGC environmental chambers. In both chambers, actual air movement was approximately 0.24 m 3 /s (500 CFM). Air movement was in an upward direction through the tobacco bed in one PGC chamber, and in a downward direction through the tobacco bed in the other. Tobacco samples, 5.08 cm (2-inches) in depth, were placed inside open-top trays 5" X 5 3/4" with screen mesh bottoms and with 10.16 cm (4-inch) high solid sides. These trays were placed on shelves inside the environmental chambers. Air was forced through the samples by covering the non-occupied shelf area with cardboard and sealing any cracks with tape.
  • Air velocity was varied by changing the number of sample containers through which the air passed. Tobacco used for these tests was impregnated with carbon dioxide and expanded at about 288°C (550°F). The tobacco had been reordered through a first stage by spraying with water to about 8% OV immediately after expansion. Conditions inside the chambers during the tests were controlled at about 24°C (75°F) and about 60% RH. Both a vane anemometer (Airflow Instrumentation, Model LCA 6000, Frederick, Maryland) and a hot-wire anemometer (Alnor Instrument Company, Skokie, Illinois, Thermometer Model 8525) were used to measure air velocities. These instruments were placed directly above or below the samples for air movement in the upward and downward directions, respectively.
  • a vane anemometer Airflow Instrumentation, Model LCA 6000, Frederick, Maryland
  • a hot-wire anemometer Alnor Instrument Company, Skokie, Illinois, Thermometer Model 8525
  • the tobacco entering and exiting the drying unit was cool to the touch, with an estimated temperature of about 24°C (75°F), indicating that substantially no thermal treatment of the tobacco had taken place. No change in the equilibrated tobacco CV occurred as a result of the drying process. This particular drying experiment was designed to minimize thermal treatment. Similar drying results could be achieved using higher temperatures to provide a controlled degree of thermal treatment.

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  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
  • Tea And Coffee (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
EP93308562A 1992-10-30 1993-10-27 Process for adjusting the moisture content of organic materials Expired - Lifetime EP0595616B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/969,035 US5383479A (en) 1992-10-30 1992-10-30 Process for adjusting the moisture content of tobacco
US969109 1992-10-30
US07/969,109 US5526581A (en) 1992-10-30 1992-10-30 Process for adjusting the moisture content of organic materials
US969035 1992-10-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0595616A2 EP0595616A2 (en) 1994-05-04
EP0595616A3 EP0595616A3 (en) 1994-11-09
EP0595616B1 true EP0595616B1 (en) 2000-01-19

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JP (1) JP3696260B2 (cs)
KR (1) KR100281931B1 (cs)
CN (1) CN1043183C (cs)
AT (1) ATE188846T1 (cs)
AU (1) AU679003B2 (cs)
BG (1) BG62028B1 (cs)
BR (1) BR9304433A (cs)
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CO (1) CO4230157A1 (cs)
CZ (1) CZ294159B6 (cs)
DE (1) DE69327631T2 (cs)
DK (1) DK0595616T3 (cs)
EE (1) EE03289B1 (cs)
EG (1) EG20133A (cs)
ES (1) ES2144002T3 (cs)
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RU2283604C2 (ru) 2002-03-14 2006-09-20 Джапан Тобакко Инк. Способ регулирования влажности материала и устройство для его осуществления
TW201233345A (en) * 2010-12-23 2012-08-16 Philip Morris Prod Method of treating burley tobacco stems
CN103284294B (zh) * 2013-04-16 2015-06-10 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 采用hdt降低卷烟氢氰酸释放量的烘丝工艺方法
CN105520185A (zh) * 2016-01-20 2016-04-27 长沙鑫迪电子科技有限公司 一种烟叶烘烤设备
DE102017120626A1 (de) * 2017-09-07 2019-03-07 Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh Konditionieren von Tabak
FR3085385B1 (fr) * 2018-09-03 2021-04-02 Remi Heliot Procede de maltage en couche fine
WO2020200785A2 (en) * 2019-04-03 2020-10-08 Jt International Sa Method and system for processing tobacco
CN110720654B (zh) * 2019-11-05 2022-04-22 福建中烟工业有限责任公司 卷烟含水率控制方法
CN111728258B (zh) * 2020-07-13 2022-05-03 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 一种烟片切丝前处理工艺

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PL172905B1 (pl) 1997-12-31
FI934821A (fi) 1994-05-01
DE69327631T2 (de) 2000-07-27
CZ230793A3 (en) 1994-08-17
JP3696260B2 (ja) 2005-09-14
RU2120217C1 (ru) 1998-10-20
NO933932L (no) 1994-05-02
HK1013785A1 (en) 1999-09-10
EP0595616A3 (en) 1994-11-09
CN1092957A (zh) 1994-10-05
DE69327631D1 (de) 2000-02-24
UA29384C2 (uk) 2000-11-15
CZ294159B6 (cs) 2004-10-13
CN1043183C (zh) 1999-05-05
SK281909B6 (sk) 2001-09-11
HU219164B (hu) 2001-02-28
EE03289B1 (et) 2000-10-16
MY109619A (en) 1997-03-31
HU9303088D0 (en) 1994-01-28
SK119393A3 (en) 1994-09-07
NO933932D0 (no) 1993-10-29
EP0595616A2 (en) 1994-05-04
HUT66915A (en) 1995-01-30
KR100281931B1 (ko) 2001-02-15
ATE188846T1 (de) 2000-02-15
TR27107A (tr) 1994-11-08
NO304095B1 (no) 1998-10-26
AU679003B2 (en) 1997-06-19
MX9306795A (es) 1995-01-31
FI934821A0 (fi) 1993-10-29
GR3033102T3 (en) 2000-08-31
FI103373B1 (fi) 1999-06-30
PL300893A1 (en) 1994-07-11
TW296974B (cs) 1997-02-01
PT595616E (pt) 2000-07-31
CA2109153C (en) 2006-07-11
JPH06209751A (ja) 1994-08-02
KR940008614A (ko) 1994-05-16
RO111821B1 (ro) 1997-02-28
CO4230157A1 (es) 1995-10-19
FI103373B (fi) 1999-06-30
EG20133A (en) 1997-07-31
BG62028B1 (bg) 1999-01-29
LV11096A (lv) 1996-04-20
CA2109153A1 (en) 1994-05-01
LV11096B (en) 1996-06-20
DK0595616T3 (da) 2000-07-03
BG98186A (bg) 1994-12-02
BR9304433A (pt) 1994-05-03
ES2144002T3 (es) 2000-06-01
AU5036693A (en) 1994-05-12

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