EP0593000B1 - Steels for rails - Google Patents
Steels for rails Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0593000B1 EP0593000B1 EP93116474A EP93116474A EP0593000B1 EP 0593000 B1 EP0593000 B1 EP 0593000B1 EP 93116474 A EP93116474 A EP 93116474A EP 93116474 A EP93116474 A EP 93116474A EP 0593000 B1 EP0593000 B1 EP 0593000B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tellurium
- rails
- sulphur
- steels
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims abstract 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000915 Free machining steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics
- Y10S148/906—Roller bearing element
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of steels for rails, wheel handlebars and rolling railroad stuff like wheel disks, Wheel tires and solid wheels.
- Such steels are known with different compositions; they must be weldable and, due to the high dynamic loads in the wheel / rail system, require a high yield strength, tensile strength and fatigue strength, break resistance and structural strength.
- rail steels must have a high resistance to wear due to the high stress caused by friction.
- the service life of rails is essentially determined by the wear resistance and the initial wear volume in the rail head, given the same mechanical stress. Under otherwise identical conditions, the wear resistance of rails with higher strength increases.
- the strengths of 1,100 or 1,200 N / mm 2 that can be achieved today are at the expense of toughness, weldability and break resistance.
- the known steels normally unalloyed or alloyed with small amounts of manganese, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum, are used in the rolled state, ie without heat treatment; they have a pearlitic or ferritic-pearlitic structure which adjusts when cooled in air and are described in "Draft European Rails Standard", Part 1, Edition December 1991 and March 1993 and contain 0.60 to 0.82% carbon, 0.13 to 0.60% silicon, 0.66 to 1.30% manganese, on average 0.02 to 0.03% phosphorus and 0.008 to 0.030% sulfur, the rest iron including impurities.
- the tensile strength of these steels is at least 800 to 1,130 N / mm 2 .
- JP-A-62 205 218 also includes steels containing tellurium; thus the US patent 4 404 047 describes in the context of a low-alloy process for heat treatment Steels with 0.042 or 0.045% tellurium without the roll of the tellurium. Furthermore are from the German Offenlegungsschriften 29 37 908, 30 09 491 and 30 18 537 free cutting steels etc. with up to 0.6% carbon, up to 0.5% or up to 2.5% silicon, up to 2.0% manganese, 0.003 up to 0.04% or up to 0.40% sulfur and up to 0.03% tellurium known to also contain significant amounts of alloying agents can contain. The tellurium is used here for improvement cold formability.
- the invention lies on the basis of this prior art the problem underlying a steel with improved Wear resistance as well as increased tear resistance and Toughness without impairment of weldability to use as rails, wheel handlebars and rolling railway equipment.
- the solution to this task is based on the knowledge that the transverse properties not only in the case of rail steels, i.e. the technological properties across the rolling direction, a decisive influence on the lifespan exercise. This is based on the finding that under a wear stress material particles in Detach transverse direction, crack formation and crack growth for fatigue damage, for example shelling, in Longitudinal direction, but the fatigue strength is decisive in the transverse direction.
- the invention shows a way how to deal with simple metallurgical Measures the transverse properties of rail steels can be significantly improved.
- tellurium is heat resistant
- the sulfides increase, which increases in the presence of tellurium do not stretch when thermoformed, but their spherical elliptical Maintain shape. Accordingly these sulfides have a much lower notch effect out than with the usual, when hot rolling in Rolling direction stretching sulfides. The consequence of this is not only better wear behavior, but also an improvement in the mechanical transverse properties, without the suitability for welding suffering.
- the low sulfur content comes next to that a special effect of tellurium on the sulfides Importance as when the wear resistance decreasing sulfur content significantly improved.
- the sulfur content was increased from usually about 0.022 to 0.052% for a rail steel of quality 900A.
- the composition of the standard steel 900A is shown in Table I below.
- the rails in question were laid in a curve with a radius of 570m. After a load of approximately 92 x 10 6 t, the edge wear was measured; it was 3.5mm for the rails made of quality 900A with the usual sulfur content and 6mm for quality 900A with the above-mentioned increased sulfur content.
- the accompanying diagram in FIG. 1 contains an evaluation of the test results.
- the thickly drawn arrow line and point A illustrate the curve wear depending on the tensile strength in the strength range from 700 to 1,350 N / mm 2 for radii from 300 to 350 m from previous studies.
- the point entered in the diagram in FIG. 1 on the dashed straight line is representative of the usual rail steel 900A, while the cross shows the position of the test steel with the sulfur content increased to 0.052%.
- the thinly drawn, vertical line indicates the wear of the test curve mentioned above. This wear behavior corresponds to rail steel quality 700 with its usual sulfur content.
- the wear resistance can be increased by 50% and more with the addition of tellurium.
- the specific surface wear was 200 mm 2 for a track curve with a curve radius of 350 m per 100 ⁇ 10 6 t load, but only 120 mm 2 for a tellurium-containing steel.
- Table III shows how the mechanical properties can be improved with the help of a limitation of the sulfur content and additionally with a tellurium addition of only 0.002%. This is particularly evident in the transverse properties and the elongation and contraction at break, which are of particular importance in view of the relatively high tensile strength.
- the steel in any case has better transverse properties, in particular better tear strength, elongation at break and constriction and accordingly an increased resistance to longitudinal cracks in the rail web.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Verwendung von Stählen für Schienen, Radlenker und rollendes Eisenbahnzeug wie Radscheiben, Radreifen und Vollräder.The invention relates to the use of steels for rails, wheel handlebars and rolling railroad stuff like wheel disks, Wheel tires and solid wheels.
Derartige Stähle sind mit unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung bekannt; sie müssen schweißbar sein und erfordern infolge der hohen dynamischen Beanspruchung im System Rad/Schiene eine hohe Streckgrenze, Zugfestigkeit und Dauerschwingfestigkeit, Bruchsicherheit und Gestaltfestigkeit. Darüber hinaus müssen Schienenstähle infolge der starken Beanspruchung durch Reibung einen hohen Verschleißwiderstand besitzen. Die Lebensdauer beispielsweise von Schienen wird bei gleicher mechanischer Beanspruchung im wesentlichen bestimmt durch den Verschleißwiderstand und das im Schienenkopf anfänglich vorhandene Verschleißvolumen. Unter sonst gleichen Bedingungen nimmt der Verschleißwiderstand von Schienen mit höherer Festigkeit zu. Die heute erreichbaren Festigkeiten von 1.100 oder auch 1.200 N/mm2 gehen jedoch zu Lasten der Zähigkeit, Schweißeignung und Bruchsicherheit.Such steels are known with different compositions; they must be weldable and, due to the high dynamic loads in the wheel / rail system, require a high yield strength, tensile strength and fatigue strength, break resistance and structural strength. In addition, rail steels must have a high resistance to wear due to the high stress caused by friction. The service life of rails, for example, is essentially determined by the wear resistance and the initial wear volume in the rail head, given the same mechanical stress. Under otherwise identical conditions, the wear resistance of rails with higher strength increases. However, the strengths of 1,100 or 1,200 N / mm 2 that can be achieved today are at the expense of toughness, weldability and break resistance.
Die bekannten, normalerweise unlegierten oder allenfalls
mit geringen Mengen an Mangan, Chrom, Vanadium und Molybdän
legierten Stähle kommen im Walzzustand, d.h. ohne
Wärmebehandlung zur Verwendung; sie besitzen ein beim Abkühlen
an Luft einstellendes perlitisches oder ferritisch-perlitisches
Gefüge und sind in "Draft European
Rails Standard", Teil 1, Ausgabe Dezember 1991 und März
1993 beschrieben und enthalten 0,60 bis 0,82% Kohlenstoff,
0,13 bis 0,60% Silizium, 0,66 bis 1,30% Mangan, im
Mittel 0,02 bis 0,03% Phosphor und 0,008 bis 0,030%
Schwefel, Rest Eisen einschließlich Verunreinigungen. Die
Zugfestigkeit dieser Stähle liegt bei mindestens 800 bis
1.130 N/mm2.The known steels, normally unalloyed or alloyed with small amounts of manganese, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum, are used in the rolled state, ie without heat treatment; they have a pearlitic or ferritic-pearlitic structure which adjusts when cooled in air and are described in "Draft European Rails Standard",
Zum Stande der Technik z.B. JP-A-62 205 218 gehören auch tellurhaltige Stähle; so beschreibt die US-Patentschrift 4 404 047 im Rahmen eines Verfahrens zur Wärmebehandlung niedriglegierte Stähle mit 0,042 bzw. 0,045% Tellur, ohne daß die Rolle des Tellurs deutlich wird. Des weiteren sind aus den deutschen Offenlegungsschriften 29 37 908, 30 09 491 und 30 18 537 Automatenstähle u.a. mit bis 0,6% Kohlenstoff, bis 0,5% oder bis 2,5% Silizium, bis 2,0% Mangan, 0,003 bis 0,04% oder bis 0,40% Schwefel und bis 0,03% Tellur bekannt, die auch erhebliche Mengen an Legierungsmitteln enthalten können. Das Tellur dient hier zur Verbesserung der Kaltverformbarkeit.In the prior art e.g. JP-A-62 205 218 also includes steels containing tellurium; thus the US patent 4 404 047 describes in the context of a low-alloy process for heat treatment Steels with 0.042 or 0.045% tellurium without the roll of the tellurium. Furthermore are from the German Offenlegungsschriften 29 37 908, 30 09 491 and 30 18 537 free cutting steels etc. with up to 0.6% carbon, up to 0.5% or up to 2.5% silicon, up to 2.0% manganese, 0.003 up to 0.04% or up to 0.40% sulfur and up to 0.03% tellurium known to also contain significant amounts of alloying agents can contain. The tellurium is used here for improvement cold formability.
Von diesem Stand der Technik ausgehend, liegt der Erfindung das Problem zugrunde, einen Stahl mit verbessertem Verschleißwiderstand sowie erhöhter Reißfestigkeit und Zähigkeit ohne Beeinträchtigung Schweißeignung als Schienen, Radlenker und rollendes Eisenbahnzeug zu Verwenden.The invention lies on the basis of this prior art the problem underlying a steel with improved Wear resistance as well as increased tear resistance and Toughness without impairment of weldability to use as rails, wheel handlebars and rolling railway equipment.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe geht von der Erkenntnis aus, daß nicht nur bei Schienenstählen die Quereigenschaften, d.h. die technologischen Eigenschaften quer zur Walzrichtung, einen entscheidenden Einfluß auf die Lebensdauer ausüben. Dem liegt die Feststellung zugrunde, daß sich unter einer Verschleißbeanspruchung Materialpartikel in Querrichtung ablösen, die Rißbildung und das Rißwachstum bei Ermüdungsschäden, beispielsweise Shelling, zwar in Längsrichtung verläuft, dafür aber die Dauerschwingfestigkeit in Querrichtung maßgebend ist.The solution to this task is based on the knowledge that the transverse properties not only in the case of rail steels, i.e. the technological properties across the rolling direction, a decisive influence on the lifespan exercise. This is based on the finding that under a wear stress material particles in Detach transverse direction, crack formation and crack growth for fatigue damage, for example shelling, in Longitudinal direction, but the fatigue strength is decisive in the transverse direction.
Es ist zwar bekannt, daß die Werkstoffeigenschaften bei Schienenstählen zum Teil von der Probenlage in bezug auf die Walzrichtung abhängig sind. Dies gilt jedoch nicht für die Zugfestigkeit; die Streckgrenze ist hingegen quer zur Walzrichtung etwas höher, während die Dehnung in der Querrichtung etwa 50 bis 60% und die Brucheinschnürung etwa 65 bis 75% geringer sind als in Walzrichtung.It is known that the material properties at Rail steels partly in relation to the sample position the rolling direction are dependent. However, this does not apply for tensile strength; however, the yield point is transverse to the rolling direction somewhat higher, while the elongation in the Transverse direction about 50 to 60% and the break constriction are about 65 to 75% less than in the rolling direction.
Es hat daher nicht an Versuchen gefehlt, die Quereigenschaften von Schienenstählen zu verbessern. Diese Versuche haben jedoch nicht zum Erfolg geführt.There has been no shortage of trials, the transverse properties of rail steels to improve. These attempts have not led to success.
Die Erfindung zeigt einen Weg, wie sich mit einfachen metallurgischen Maßnahmen die Quereigenschaften von Schienenstählen wesentlich verbessern lassen.The invention shows a way how to deal with simple metallurgical Measures the transverse properties of rail steels can be significantly improved.
So haben Versuche gezeigt, daß Tellur die Warmfestikeit der Sulfide erhöht, die sich in Anwesenheit von Tellur beim Warmverformen nicht strecken, sondern ihre kugeligelliptische Form im wesentlichen beibehalten. Demgemäß geht von diesen Sulfiden eine weitaus geringere Kerbwirkung aus als bei den üblichen, sich beim Warmwalzen in Walzrichtung streckenden Sulfiden. Die Folge davon ist nicht nur ein besseres Verschleißverhalten, sondern auch eine Verbesserung der mechanischen Quereigenschaften, ohne daß dadurch die Schweißeignung leidet.Tests have shown that tellurium is heat resistant The sulfides increase, which increases in the presence of tellurium do not stretch when thermoformed, but their spherical elliptical Maintain shape. Accordingly these sulfides have a much lower notch effect out than with the usual, when hot rolling in Rolling direction stretching sulfides. The consequence of this is not only better wear behavior, but also an improvement in the mechanical transverse properties, without the suitability for welding suffering.
Die Wirkung des Tellurs zeigt sich bei allen bekannten Schienenqualitäten, gleichviel ob deren Gefüge ferritisch-perlitisch, perlitisch, feinperlitisch, vergütet oder bainitisch ist. The effect of the tellurium is evident in all known ones Rail qualities, regardless of whether their structure is ferritic-pearlitic, pearlitic, fine pearlitic, tempered or is bainitic.
Den niedrigen Schwefelgehalt kommt insofern neben der günstigen Wirkung des Tellurs auf die Sulfide eine besondere Bedeutung zu, als sich der Verschleißwiderstand mit abnehmendem Schwefelgehalt wesentlich verbessert.The low sulfur content comes next to that a special effect of tellurium on the sulfides Importance as when the wear resistance decreasing sulfur content significantly improved.
Um die negative Wirkung des Schwefels auf die Zugfestigkeit
in Querrichtung zu veranschaulichen, wurde bei einem
Schienenstahl der Qualität 900A der Schwefelgehalt von
üblicherweise etwa 0,022 auf 0,052% erhöht. Die Zusammensetzung
des Normstahls 900A ergibt sich aus der nachfolgenden
Tabelle I. Die betreffenden Schienen wurden in einer
Kurve mit einem Radius von 570m verlegt. Nach einer
Belastung von etwa 92 x 106 t wurde der Kantenverschleiß
gemessen; er betrug bei den Schienen aus der Qualität
900A mit üblichem Schwefelgehalt 3,5mm und bei der Qualität
900A mit dem vorerwähnten erhöhten Schwefelgehalt
6mm.
Das beiliegende Diagramm der Fig. 1 enthält eine Auswertung
der Versuchsergebnisse. Dabei veranschaulichen die
dick ausgezogene Pfeillinie und der Punkt A den Kurvenverschleiß
in Abhängigkeit von der Zugfestigkeit im Festigkeitsbereich
von 700 bis 1.350 N/mm2 für Radien von
300 bis 350 m aus früheren Untersuchungen. Der im Diagramm
der Fig. 1 eingetragene Punkt auf der gestrichelten
Geraden ist repräsentativ für den üblichen Schienenstahl
900A, während das Kreuz die Lage des Versuchsstahls mit
dem auf 0,052% erhöhten Schwefelgehalt wiedergibt. Die
dünn eingezeichnete, vertikal verlaufende Linie kennzeichnet
den Verschleiß der oben erwähnten Versuchskurve.
Dieses Verschleißverhalten entspricht der Schienenstahlqualität
700 mit ihrem üblichen Schwefelgehalt.The accompanying diagram in FIG. 1 contains an evaluation of the test results. The thickly drawn arrow line and point A illustrate the curve wear depending on the tensile strength in the strength range from 700 to 1,350 N / mm 2 for radii from 300 to 350 m from previous studies. The point entered in the diagram in FIG. 1 on the dashed straight line is representative of the usual rail steel 900A, while the cross shows the position of the test steel with the sulfur content increased to 0.052%. The thinly drawn, vertical line indicates the wear of the test curve mentioned above. This wear behavior corresponds to
Um nun den günstigen Einfluß geringer Tellurgehalte nachzuweisen,
wurden weitere Versuche mit den herkömmlichen
Schienenstählen 900A, 900A mit Tellur, 800 mit Tellur und
700 durchgeführt. In der nachfolgenden Tabelle II sind
die Eigenschaften von Längs- und Querproben der beiden
erfindungsgemäßen tellurhaltigen Schienenstähle und der
beiden Vergleichsstähle zusammengestellt. Eine graphische
Darstellung des jeweiligen Verhältnisses der Quer- zu den
Längseigenschaften gibt das Diagramm der Fig. 2 wieder.
Daraus ergibt sich, daß der Tellurzusatz die Quer-Zugfestigkeit Rm im Vergleich zu den Werten in Längsrichtung praktisch nicht beeinflußt, während sich die Quer-Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 geringfügig erhöht. Das Verhältnis der Reißfestigkeit in Quer- und in Längsrichtung erhöht sich von 0,88 bei den tellurfreien Vergleichsstählen auf 0,95 bei den tellurhaltigen Stählen, während sich die Bruchdehnung bei den 900-Stählen von 0,57 auf 0,91 und die Brucheinschnürung von 0,38 auf 0,74 erhöht.It follows from this that the tellurium addition practically does not influence the transverse tensile strength R m compared to the values in the longitudinal direction, while the transverse yield strength R p 0.2 increases slightly. The ratio of the tensile strength in the transverse and in the longitudinal direction increases from 0.88 for the tellurium-free comparative steels to 0.95 for the tellurium-containing steels, while the elongation at break in the 900 steels increases from 0.57 to 0.91 and the fracture constriction from 0.38 increased to 0.74.
Insgesamt hat sich bei Vergleichsversuchen gezeigt, daß sich der Verschleißwiderstand mit Hilfe des Tellurzusatzes um 50% und mehr erhöhen läßt. So betrug bei dem herkömmlichen Schienenstahl 900A der spezifische Flächenverschleiß bei einem Gleisbogen mit einem Kurvenradius von 350m je 100 x 106 t Belastung 200 mm2, bei einem erfindungsgemäßen tellurhaltigen Stahl hingegen nur 120 mm2.Overall, it has been shown in comparative tests that the wear resistance can be increased by 50% and more with the addition of tellurium. For example, in the case of the conventional 900A rail steel, the specific surface wear was 200 mm 2 for a track curve with a curve radius of 350 m per 100 × 10 6 t load, but only 120 mm 2 for a tellurium-containing steel.
Insoweit läßt sich die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe auch mit einer Begrenzung des Schwefelgehalts auf unter 0,007% erreichen, wenngleich nicht in dem Maße wie bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl mit bis 0,004% Tellur.To that extent the object underlying the invention also with a limitation the sulfur content to less than 0.007%, albeit not to the extent of an inventive one Steel with up to 0.004% tellurium.
Die nachfolgende Tabelle III zeigt, wie sich die mechanischen
Eigenschaften mit Hilfe einer Begrenzung des Schwefelgehalts
und zusätzlich mit einem Tellurzusatz von nur
0,002% verbessern lassen. Dies zeigt sich insbesondere an
den Quereigenschaften sowie der Bruchdehnung und -einschnürung,
denen angesichts der verhältnismäßig hohen
Zugfestigkeit eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt.
Insgesamt zeigen die Versuche, daß sich der Verschleißwiderstand ohne eine Erhöhung der Zugfestigkeit in Längsrichtung wesentlich erhöhen läßt. Damit ist der Vorteil verbunden, daß die Schweißbarkeit und die Zähigkeit nicht beeinträchtigt werden; denn eine Erhöhung der Festigkeit zur Verbesserung des Verschleißverhaltens wäre mit einer Beeinträchtigung der Schweißbarkeit und der Zähigkeit verbunden.Overall, the tests show that the wear resistance without increasing longitudinal tensile strength can be increased significantly. That is the advantage connected that the weldability and toughness is not be impaired; because an increase in strength would improve with a wear behavior Impairment of weldability and toughness connected.
Andererseits läßt sich aber auch umgekehrt unter Beibehaltung des Verschleißwiderstandes die Festigkeit absenken, was mit dem Vorteil eines geringeren Gehaltes an Kohlenstoff und Legierungselementen sowie einer damit verbundenen Verbesserung der Schweißbarkeit und der Bruchsicherheit verbunden ist.On the other hand, it can also be reversed while maintaining reduce the resistance to wear, what with the advantage of a lower salary Carbon and alloying elements as well as one with it associated improvement in weldability and Fracture resistance is connected.
Unabhängig von den beiden vorerwähnten Möglichkeiten, die Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Stahls gezielt einzustellen, besitzt der Stahl in jedem Falle bessere Quereigenschaften, insbesondere eine bessere Reißfestigkeit, Bruchdehnung und Brucheinschnürung und demgemäß einen erhöhten Widerstand gegen Längsrisse im Schienensteg. Hinzu kommt eine um etwa 20% höhere Dauerschwingfestigkeit in Querrichtung und der daraus resultierende höhere Widerstand gegen Ermüdungsschäden, der sich sonst nur durch eine Erhöhung der Zugfestigkeit um 20 N/mm2 erreichen läßt.Regardless of the two above-mentioned possibilities to adjust the properties of the steel according to the invention in a targeted manner, the steel in any case has better transverse properties, in particular better tear strength, elongation at break and constriction and accordingly an increased resistance to longitudinal cracks in the rail web. In addition, there is about 20% higher fatigue strength in the transverse direction and the resulting higher resistance to fatigue damage, which can otherwise only be achieved by increasing the tensile strength by 20 N / mm 2 .
Claims (8)
- The use of a steel consisting of up to 0.82% carbon, up to 0.004% tellurium and up to 0.007% sulphur with a tellurium/sulphur ratio of 0.1 to 0.6 and optionally 0.10 to 0.50% silicon, 1.30 to 1.70% manganese, 0.01 to 0.025% or less than 0.004% aluminium, balance iron and impurities arising from melting, as material for rails, guard rails and railway rolling gear.
- The use of a steel consisting of 0.6 to 0.8% carbon, up to 0.004% tellurium and up to 0.007% sulphur with a tellurium/sulphur ratio of 0.1 to 0.6, up to 0.50% silicon, 0.80 to 1.30% manganese and not more than 0.05% phosphorus, and optionally 0.01 to 0.025% or less than 0.004% aluminium, balance iron and impurities arising from melting, as material for rails, guard rails and railway rolling gear.
- The use of a steel consisting of 0.5 to 0.75% carbon, up to 0.004% tellurium and up to 0.007% sulphur, with a tellurium/sulphur ratio of 0.1 to 0.6, 0.10 to 0.50% silicon, 1.30 to 1.70% manganese and not more than 0.05% phosphorus, and optionally 0,01 to 0.025% or less than 0.004% aluminium, balance iron and impurities arising from melting, as material for rails, guard rails and railway rolling gear.
- The use of a steel consisting of 0.60 to 0.80% carbon, up to 0.004% tellurium and up to 0.007% sulphur, with a tellurium/sulphur ratio of 0.1 to 0.6, 0.60 to 1.21% silicon, 0.80 to 1.30% manganese, not more than 0.030% phosphorus and 0.70 to 1.20% chromium, and optionally 0.01 to 0.025% or less than 0.004% aluminium, balance iron and impurities arising from melting, as material for rails, guard rails and railway rolling gear.
- The use of a steel consisting of 0.70 to 0.80% carbon, up to 0.004% tellurium and up to 0.007% sulphur, with a tellurium/sulphur ratio of 0.1 to 0.6, 0.80 to 1.20% silicon, 0.80 to 1.30% manganese, not more than 0.030% phosphorus, 0.80 to 1.20% chromium, up to 0.25% titanium and/or vanadium and optionally 0.01 to 0.025% or less than 0.004% aluminum, balance iron and impurities arising from melting, as material for rails, guard rails and railway rolling gear.
- The use of a steel consisting of 0.53 to 0.62% carbon, up to 0.004% tellurium and up to 0.007% sulphur, with a tellurium/sulphur ratio of 0.1 to 0.6, 0.65 to 1.1% manganese, 0.8 to 1.3% chromium, 0.1 to 0.6% silicon, 0.05 to 0.11% each of molybdenum and vanadium and less than 0.02% phosphorus, and optionally 0.01 to 0.025% or less than 0.004% aluminium, balance iron and impurities arising from melting, as material for rails, guard rails and railway rolling gear.
- The use of a steel according to claim 1 with not more than 0.05% phosphorus.
- The use of a steel according to one of claims 1 to 7 with less than 0.0015% oxygen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4234815 | 1992-10-15 | ||
| DE4234815 | 1992-10-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0593000A1 EP0593000A1 (en) | 1994-04-20 |
| EP0593000B1 true EP0593000B1 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
Family
ID=6470563
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93116474A Expired - Lifetime EP0593000B1 (en) | 1992-10-15 | 1993-10-12 | Steels for rails |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5711914A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0593000B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE164397T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59308302D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2116381T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4444426A1 (en) * | 1994-12-14 | 1996-06-27 | Gft Gleistechnik Gmbh | Wheel tire steel |
| US6372057B1 (en) | 2000-06-01 | 2002-04-16 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Inc. | Steel alloy railway wheels |
| US20110189047A1 (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-04 | Transportation Technology Center, Inc. | Railroad rail steels resistant to rolling contact fatigue |
| CN104946844B (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-03-01 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | The method of refining of rail steel |
| CN105063269B (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2017-03-08 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | The Slag modification method of rail steel |
| CN108546871B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2020-03-31 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Steel for integrated reactor top assembly of nuclear power unit and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115747464A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-07 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Single-frequency induction heating heat treatment method for medium-carbon low-manganese steel rail welded joint |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE393995B (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1977-05-31 | Stora Kopparbergs Kbergslags A | PROCEDURE IN PRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTIONS OF ROLLED STEEL MATERIAL |
| JPS5946300B2 (en) * | 1979-03-14 | 1984-11-12 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Steel for cold forging with excellent machinability and its manufacturing method |
| DE3009491A1 (en) * | 1979-03-14 | 1980-09-25 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | STEEL FOR COLD FORGING AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| JPS5739163A (en) * | 1980-08-21 | 1982-03-04 | Sanyo Tokushu Seikou Kk | High carbon steel for roller bearing |
| US4404047A (en) * | 1980-12-10 | 1983-09-13 | Lasalle Steel Company | Process for the improved heat treatment of steels using direct electrical resistance heating |
| JPS60145362A (en) * | 1984-01-09 | 1985-07-31 | Nippon Steel Corp | High tension carbon steel wire having satisfactory corrosion fatigue characteristic |
| JPS60248867A (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1985-12-09 | Nippon Steel Corp | Chain having >=70kg/mm2 tensile strength and excellent toughness and its production |
| JPS61130469A (en) * | 1985-11-16 | 1986-06-18 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Steel for die |
| JPS62205218A (en) * | 1986-03-04 | 1987-09-09 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Production of structural steel having excellent resistance to hydrogen embrittlement |
| JPS63109145A (en) * | 1986-10-23 | 1988-05-13 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Te-added ni-containing steel for low temperature service |
| DE3721641C1 (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1989-01-12 | Thyssen Stahl Ag | Process for the production of hot strip |
| GB2225022B (en) * | 1988-11-04 | 1993-04-14 | Nippon Seiko Kk | Rolling-part steel and rolling part employing same |
| JP2730745B2 (en) * | 1988-12-09 | 1998-03-25 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | Steel and rolling parts for corrosion-resistant rolling parts |
| JPH0762208B2 (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1995-07-05 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Steel plate with excellent punchability |
| US5085733A (en) * | 1989-08-24 | 1992-02-04 | Nippon Seiko Kabushiki Kaisha | Rolling steel bearing |
| JPH04154913A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1992-05-27 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Production of high tensile strength bent pipe excellent in corrosion resistance |
-
1993
- 1993-10-12 EP EP93116474A patent/EP0593000B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-12 DE DE59308302T patent/DE59308302D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-12 AT AT93116474T patent/ATE164397T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-12 ES ES93116474T patent/ES2116381T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-11-18 US US08/341,833 patent/US5711914A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0593000A1 (en) | 1994-04-20 |
| US5711914A (en) | 1998-01-27 |
| DE59308302D1 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
| ATE164397T1 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
| ES2116381T3 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE3507785C2 (en) | Process for the production of bearing steel | |
| DE10017069B4 (en) | Unalloyed steel wire with excellent resistance to longitudinal cracking, a steel product for the same and method of making same | |
| DE102005030413C5 (en) | High-strength austenitic-martensitic lightweight steel and its use | |
| DE60225951T2 (en) | Duplex stainless steel alloy | |
| EP0136613A2 (en) | Rail having a high wear resistance in the head and a high resistance to rupture in the base | |
| DE60030083T2 (en) | HIGH CARBON RAIL WIRE WITH EXCELLENT PULLING PROPERTIES AND FATIGUE RESISTANCE AFTER WIRE PULLING | |
| DE2439338B1 (en) | Process for the heat treatment of rails | |
| EP0593000B1 (en) | Steels for rails | |
| DE2545104B2 (en) | AUTOMATIC STEEL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING IT | |
| DE112006003553B9 (en) | Thick steel plate for a welded construction having excellent strength and toughness in a central region of thickness and small property changes by its thickness and production process therefor | |
| EP0620865B1 (en) | Railway-track elements and method of manufacturing them | |
| DE4234192C2 (en) | Heavy-duty full wheels and wheel tires for rail traction vehicles and cars | |
| EP0085828B1 (en) | Use of a carbon-manganese steel for structural members of high strength and toughness by simple heat treatment | |
| DE3604789C1 (en) | Quenched and tempered steel | |
| DE3515198A1 (en) | Iron-containing brake disc material | |
| EP0917595B1 (en) | Heavy duty soft magnetic steel suitable for welding and its use in parts of magnetic levitational railways | |
| CH636906A5 (en) | METHOD FOR PRODUCING WEAR-RESISTANT RAILS AND / OR WHEEL MATERIALS. | |
| DE3009491A1 (en) | STEEL FOR COLD FORGING AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF | |
| EP0035681B1 (en) | Use of a steel having high strength and toughness | |
| DE861706C (en) | Steel alloy for tempered locomotive wheel tires | |
| EP2789710B1 (en) | Bismuth containing free-machining steel | |
| DE69212527T2 (en) | Ferritic, heat-resistant steel with high nitrogen and vanadium contents and process for its production | |
| DE2425187A1 (en) | BREAK TOUGH FULL WHEELS OR WHEEL TIRES | |
| DE4033700C1 (en) | ||
| EP0717123A1 (en) | Steel for tyres |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT DE ES FR GB IT LU |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19941012 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19950317 |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT DE ES FR GB IT LU |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 164397 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19980415 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59308302 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19980430 |
|
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19980526 |
|
| ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2116381 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
| ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20040928 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20041019 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20041022 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20041025 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20041026 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20041218 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051012 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051012 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051013 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051031 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060503 |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20051012 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060630 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20060630 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20051013 |