EP0592183B1 - A method and an apparatus for casting concrete products - Google Patents
A method and an apparatus for casting concrete products Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0592183B1 EP0592183B1 EP19930307890 EP93307890A EP0592183B1 EP 0592183 B1 EP0592183 B1 EP 0592183B1 EP 19930307890 EP19930307890 EP 19930307890 EP 93307890 A EP93307890 A EP 93307890A EP 0592183 B1 EP0592183 B1 EP 0592183B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- recesses
- surface layer
- product
- pressing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
- B28B1/084—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting the vibrating moulds or cores being moved horizontally for making strands of moulded articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/29—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by profiling or strickling the material in open moulds or on moulding surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/12—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material
- B28B3/123—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material on material in moulds or on moulding surfaces moving continuously underneath or between the rollers, e.g. on an endless belt
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of casting a concrete product by using continuous slide casting, wherein concrete mass is extruded onto a bed and into a space between the bed and a mould, by means of slide casting apparatus travelling along the bed, and the mass is compacted and recesses discontinuous in the casting direction are formed in a surface layer of the product.
- the invention also relates to slide casting apparatus for casting a concrete product provided with discontinuous recesses in the casting direction, which apparatus comprises a mould, means for feeding concrete mass into the mould, one or more compacting vibrators for compacting the concrete mass, a driving mechanism for driving the feeding means and vibrators and for transporting the mould along a casting bed, and pressing means having a pressing surface arranged to be stationary, in the casting direction, whilst forming the recesses in a surface layer of the concrete mass.
- the surface prepared by means of conventional methods by slide casting is relatively smooth.
- the surface smoothness is in fact generally a desired property, when the product to be cast acts as such as a visible part of the structure.
- structures are often used in which the entire structure is formed of an element prepared at a plant and of a portion to be joined thereto and prepared on site.
- a certain concrete product, in which the dowels are specially important, is a so-called casing, club.
- the casing slab acts as a mould, on top of which is cast a concrete layer required by the total thickness of the slab.
- the casing slab remains as part of the structure and the load carrying capacity requires a strong grip between the parts.
- the necessary dowel grooves have previously been generally such that the product has not been cast in a slide casting manner but in a mould on site, whose bottom contains bulges.
- the bulges have formed recesses on the lower surface of the slab.
- a drawback of the method is that one surface of the slab or the upper surface has to be smoothed separately so that a smooth surface could be made visible on the finished slab. This results in an additional working step in the slab casting.
- a method of casting a concrete product by using continuous slide casting wherein concrete mass is extruded onto a bed and into a space between the bed and a mould, by means of slide casting apparatus travelling along the bed, and the mass is compacted and, after the compaction, recesses discontinuous in the casting direction are formed in a surface layer of the product by using vibration to cause the surface layer to enter a plastic state and by pressing the recesses into the surface layer thus plasticized, characterized in that the effect of the vibration occurring after the compaction is sufficiently low and directed in such a way that the surface layer is plasticized only to a depth necessary to permit the pressing of the recesses, whilst the main portion of the product remains in its compacted state.
- slide casting apparatus for casting a concrete product provided with recesses discontinuous in the casting direction
- which apparatus comprises a mould, means for feeding concrete mass into the mould, one or more compacting vibrators for compacting the concrete mass, at least one plasticizing vibrator for plasticizing a surface layer of the compacted concrete mass, pressing means having a pressing surface arranged to be stationary, in the casting direction, whilst forming the recesses in the plasticized surface layer, and a driving mechanism for driving the feeding means and vibrators and for transporting the mould along a casting bed, characterized in that the plasticizing vibrator(s) are arranged so that the effect of the vibration occurring after the compaction is sufficiently low and directed in such a way that the surface layer is plasticized only to a depth necessary to permit the pressing of the recesses, whilst the main portion of the product remains compacted.
- the recesses are formed by pressing. i.e. without removing any of the concrete mass.
- the slide casting technique requires the use of a fairly dry concrete mass, since the product has to retain its shape after leaving the mould.
- the pressing of sufficient recesses into such a dry mass after compaction requires the bringing of the surface again into a plastic state, but only to a depth just needed, whereby the cohesion of the entire product after leaving the mould is not in danger.
- dowel grooves when forming dowel grooves during the casting of a concrete slab, they are formed in an upper surface of the horizontal slab. Then, a flat steel plate may be used as a lower surface of the mould and the visible surface of the mould can be made completely smooth.
- the invention may also be applied when forming dowels in other concrete products that are prepared by slide casting, such as hollow slabs, beams and pillars.
- a slide casting machine comprises a frame and a driving mechanism 6, which may also be replaced by an external driving device, as well as a funnel and a moulding box 1, via which the concrete mass flows into a slide casting mould.
- a moulding beam 2 On the upper surface of the mould is, seen from the funnel 1, first located a moulding beam 2, whereto is fixed one or several vibrators.
- the vibrating moulding beam 2 improves the flowing of the concrete mass into the mould.
- the compacting beam 3 compacts the product to be cast into its final form, except for the dowel grooves.
- the smoothing beam 4 has two tasks. It smooths the surface of the product to be prepared, and on the other hand it prevents the surface of the concrete mass from rising after the actual compacting beam 3. When the rising is thus prevented, the pressure needed for the compaction remains under the compacting beam 3.
- the recesses are formed by means of a cylindrical press roll 5, whose surface has bulges. These bulges press the corresponding recesses into the surface of the product.
- the cylindrical press roll 5 may be replaced with an endless belt travelling around rollers, to which belt are fixed bulges for pressing the dowel grooves.
- the roll or the belt is rotated at a speed synchronized with the advancement of the machine e.g. by means of a toothed belt or a chain so that the roll or the belt rolls along the surface of the product to be cast and simultaneously presses a regular dowel pattern into the concrete surface.
- a belt refers, except for an entirely flexible belt, also to a caterpillar type construction, which is comprised of plates joined to each other.
- the roll or the belt may also be replaced with a stamp-type press, which may operate by means of cranks or levers or also hydraulically.
- the press performs in the pressing direction a to-and-fro movement towards the product and away therefrom.
- the movement track of the device is such that it does not drag along the surface of the product as the machine advances, so it presses a sharp pattern. This means that on one hand, during the pressing step, the press remains stationary relative to the casting direction on the surface of the product, moving relative to the casting machine, and on the other hand, when it comes off the product, it returns back to the same position relative to the casting machine.
- the roll 5 may be vibrated e.g. by vibrating bearing blocks supporting the roll. Similarly, the vibration of the belt is achieved by vibrating the support rollers of the belt. When using a stamp-type press, the vibrator may be placed inside the press itself.
- the vibrating effects of both the dowel-making device itself and of the balancing beam 4 have been selected such that they are sufficient for plasticizing again the surface of the slab, but only to such a depth that the dowel patterns may be pressed without endangering the shape of the rest of the slab.
- the upper surface of the slide mould of the hollow-slab machine is replaced with apparatus as described above.
- the mass flow into the slide mould is arranged by screws as well as by compacting mandrels located after the screws.
- the method and apparatus of the invention may also produce dowel patterns in the side surfaces of a concrete element by installing corresponding devices on the side walls of the slide cast mould.
Description
The present invention relates to a method of casting a concrete product by using
continuous slide casting, wherein concrete mass is extruded onto a bed and into a space
between the bed and a mould, by means of slide casting apparatus travelling along the bed,
and the mass is compacted and recesses discontinuous in the casting direction are formed
in a surface layer of the product.
The invention also relates to slide casting apparatus for casting a concrete product
provided with discontinuous recesses in the casting direction, which apparatus comprises
a mould, means for feeding concrete mass into the mould, one or more compacting
vibrators for compacting the concrete mass, a driving mechanism for driving the feeding
means and vibrators and for transporting the mould along a casting bed, and pressing
means having a pressing surface arranged to be stationary, in the casting direction, whilst
forming the recesses in a surface layer of the concrete mass.
The surface prepared by means of conventional methods by
slide casting is relatively smooth. The surface smoothness is
in fact generally a desired property, when the product to be
cast acts as such as a visible part of the structure. However,
in the building industry, structures are often used in
which the entire structure is formed of an element prepared
at a plant and of a portion to be joined thereto and prepared
on site.
The functioning of such concrete structures in the desired
manner requires that the bonding of the element to the
portion prepared on site is as strong as possible. For ensuring
this, it is advantageous that dowel patterns or recesses
are made on the surface of the element. The part to be cast
on site then fills these recesses and adheres to the element
prepared at the plant. For preventing the mutual sliding of
the parts of the structure, the patterns have to be both in
the casting direction and in the transverse direction discontinuous,
e.g. square or rectangular recesses. A suitable
dowel depth is e.g.1-20 mm.
A certain concrete product, in which the dowels are specially
important, is a so-called casing, club. The casing slab acts
as a mould, on top of which is cast a concrete layer required
by the total thickness of the slab. The casing slab remains
as part of the structure and the load carrying capacity
requires a strong grip between the parts.
The necessary dowel grooves have previously been generally
such that the product has not been cast in a slide casting
manner but in a mould on site, whose bottom contains bulges.
The bulges have formed recesses on the lower surface of the
slab. However, a drawback of the method is that one surface
of the slab or the upper surface has to be smoothed separately
so that a smooth surface could be made visible on the
finished slab. This results in an additional working step in
the slab casting.
From FI patent publication 61652 is also known a device, by
means of which recesses are formed in the sides of the slab
by using two successive wheels, whose teeth form the recesses
in the side of the slab. Since the concrete mass is
compacted between these two wheels, the latter wheel has to
be slightly smaller than the wheel operating first, and in
addition the speeds of the wheels have to be synchronized by
means of a special sliding coupling, which takes into account
the changed dimensions of the slab. The device is thus fairly
complicated, and it is difficult to make it satisfactorily
operative in all conditions.
US patent publication 3 740 176 and FI application 878/71 in
turn describe devices, in which the recesses are formed
either by means of a flexible belt or one gear wheel. However,
problems are caused in both these devices by a deformation caused by the
compaction of the slab.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of
casting a concrete product by using continuous slide casting, wherein concrete mass is
extruded onto a bed and into a space between the bed and a mould, by means of slide
casting apparatus travelling along the bed, and the mass is compacted and, after the
compaction, recesses discontinuous in the casting direction are formed in a surface layer
of the product by using vibration to cause the surface layer to enter a plastic state and by
pressing the recesses into the surface layer thus plasticized, characterized in that the effect
of the vibration occurring after the compaction is sufficiently low and directed in such a
way that the surface layer is plasticized only to a depth necessary to permit the pressing
of the recesses, whilst the main portion of the product remains in its compacted state.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided slide
casting apparatus for casting a concrete product provided with recesses discontinuous in
the casting direction, which apparatus comprises a mould, means for feeding concrete mass
into the mould, one or more compacting vibrators for compacting the concrete mass, at
least one plasticizing vibrator for plasticizing a surface layer of the compacted concrete
mass, pressing means having a pressing surface arranged to be stationary, in the casting
direction, whilst forming the recesses in the plasticized surface layer, and a driving
mechanism for driving the feeding means and vibrators and for transporting the mould
along a casting bed, characterized in that the plasticizing vibrator(s) are arranged so that
the effect of the vibration occurring after the compaction is sufficiently low and directed
in such a way that the surface layer is plasticized only to a depth necessary to permit the
pressing of the recesses, whilst the main portion of the product remains compacted.
The recesses are formed by pressing. i.e. without removing any of the concrete
mass. The slide casting technique requires the use of a fairly dry concrete mass, since the
product has to retain its shape after leaving the mould. The pressing of sufficient recesses
into such a dry mass after compaction requires the bringing of the surface again into a
plastic state, but only to a depth just needed, whereby the cohesion of the entire product
after leaving the mould is not in danger.
Preferably, when forming dowel grooves during the casting of a concrete slab, they
are formed in an upper surface of the horizontal slab. Then, a flat steel plate may be used
as a lower surface of the mould and the visible surface of the mould can be made
completely smooth.
The invention may also be applied when forming dowels in other concrete products
that are prepared by slide casting, such as hollow slabs, beams and pillars.
A non-limiting embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference
to the accompanying drawing, which is a side view of slide casting apparatus in
accordance with the invention.
A slide casting machine comprises a frame and a driving
mechanism 6, which may also be replaced by an external driving
device, as well as a funnel and a moulding box 1, via
which the concrete mass flows into a slide casting mould.
On the upper surface of the mould is, seen from the funnel 1,
first located a moulding beam 2, whereto is fixed one or
several vibrators. The vibrating moulding beam 2 improves the
flowing of the concrete mass into the mould.
Next is located a compacting beam 3, which is provided with
more efficient vibrators than the previous ones. The compacting
beam 3 compacts the product to be cast into its final
form, except for the dowel grooves.
Next is located a pressure balancing/smoothing beam 4, which
is further provided with vibrators, but they are less efficient
than those of the compacting beam 3. The smoothing beam
4 has two tasks. It smooths the surface of the product to be
prepared, and on the other hand it prevents the surface of
the concrete mass from rising after the actual compacting
beam 3. When the rising is thus prevented, the pressure
needed for the compaction remains under the compacting beam
3.
In the application shown in the drawing, the recesses are
formed by means of a cylindrical press roll 5, whose
surface has bulges. These bulges press the corresponding
recesses into the surface of the product. The cylindrical
press roll 5 may be replaced with an endless
belt travelling around rollers, to which belt are fixed
bulges for pressing the dowel grooves. The roll or the belt
is rotated at a speed synchronized with the advancement of
the machine e.g. by means of a toothed belt or a chain so
that the roll or the belt rolls along the surface of the
product to be cast and simultaneously presses a regular
dowel pattern into the concrete surface. In this connection,
a belt refers, except for an entirely flexible belt, also to
a caterpillar type construction, which is comprised of plates
joined to each other.
The roll or the belt may also be replaced with a stamp-type
press, which may operate by means of cranks or levers or also
hydraulically. The press performs in the pressing direction
a to-and-fro movement towards the product and away therefrom.
In addition, the movement track of the device is such that it
does not drag along the surface of the product as the machine
advances, so it presses a sharp pattern. This means that
on one hand, during the pressing step, the press remains
stationary relative to the casting direction on the surface
of the product, moving relative to the casting machine, and
on the other hand, when it comes off the product, it returns
back to the same position relative to the casting machine.
The roll 5 may be vibrated e.g. by vibrating
bearing blocks supporting the roll. Similarly, the
vibration of the belt is achieved by vibrating the support
rollers of the belt. When using a stamp-type press, the
vibrator may be placed inside the press itself.
The vibrating effects of both the dowel-making device itself
and of the balancing beam 4 have been selected such that they
are sufficient for plasticizing again the surface of the
slab, but only to such a depth that the dowel patterns may be
pressed without endangering the shape of the rest of the
slab.
When the method is applied to making dowel grooves in a
hollow slab, the upper surface of the slide mould of the
hollow-slab machine is replaced with apparatus as described
above. In the hollow-slab extruder, the mass flow into the
slide mould is arranged by screws as well as
by compacting mandrels located after the screws.
Such a machine is described e.g. in Finnish patent publication 70821.
In addition to producing dowel patterns in the upper surface of the concrete product, the
method and apparatus of the invention may also produce dowel patterns in the side
surfaces of a concrete element by installing corresponding devices on the side walls of the
slide cast mould.
Claims (5)
- A method of casting a concrete product by using continuous slide casting, wherein concrete mass is extruded onto a bed and into a space between the bed and a mould, by means of slide casting apparatus travelling along the bed, and the mass is compacted and, after the compaction, recesses discontinuous in the casting direction are formed in a surface layer of the product by using vibration to cause the surface layer to enter a plastic state and by pressing the recesses into the surface layer thus plasticized, characterized in that the effect of the vibration occurring after the compaction is sufficiently low and directed in such a way that the surface layer is plasticized only to a depth necessary to permit the pressing of the recesses, whilst the main portion of the product remains in its compacted state.
- The method according to claim 1, wherein the product is a hollow slab.
- Slide casting apparatus for carrying out the method of claim 1 for casting a concrete product provided with recesses discontinuous in the casting direction, which apparatus comprises a mould (2, 3), means (1) for feeding concrete mass into the mould one or more compacting vibrators for compacting the concrete mass, at least one plasticizing vibrator (4) for plasticizing a surface layer of the compacted concrete mass, pressing means (5) having a pressing surface arranged to be stationary, in the casting direction, whilst forming the recesses in the plasticized surface layer, and a driving mechanism (6) for driving the feeding means and vibrators and for transporting the mould along a casting bed, characterized in that the plasticizing vibrator(s) are arranged so that the effect of the vibration occurring after the compaction is sufficiently low and directed in such a way that the surface layer is plasticized only to a depth necessary to permit the pressing of the recesses, whilst the main portion of the product remains compacted.
- Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the plasticizing vibrators comprise (i) a vibrating wall (4) downstream of the compacting vibrator(s) (3) and (ii) the pressing means (5), which is downstream of the vibrating wall (4) and is arranged to vibrate.
- Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the compacting vibrator(s) comprise a compacting wall (3) which is upstream of the vibrating wall (4).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI924486 | 1992-10-05 | ||
| FI924486A FI101208B1 (en) | 1992-10-05 | 1992-10-05 | Method for casting concrete products |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0592183A1 EP0592183A1 (en) | 1994-04-13 |
| EP0592183B1 true EP0592183B1 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
Family
ID=8535981
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19930307890 Expired - Lifetime EP0592183B1 (en) | 1992-10-05 | 1993-10-05 | A method and an apparatus for casting concrete products |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0592183B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06190819A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69316135T2 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI101208B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103231431B (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2015-09-02 | 王庆起 | Gantry frame type double hydraulic brick making machine combination hopper |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES309687A1 (en) * | 1965-02-23 | 1965-06-01 | Barragan Sebastian Manuel | Device for concreting and leveling of inclined and curved surfaces |
| GB1387826A (en) * | 1971-07-02 | 1975-03-19 | Spiroll Corp Ltd | Device for forming shear keyways on sides of extruded slabs and the like |
| DE2426205A1 (en) * | 1974-05-16 | 1975-12-11 | Stetter Gmbh | Concrete slab moulding plant - triple head construction to produce required surface finish |
| US4067676A (en) * | 1974-12-19 | 1978-01-10 | Hewitt Frederick M | Apparatus for extruding reinforced concrete |
| FR2448422A1 (en) * | 1979-02-07 | 1980-09-05 | Applic Ceramiques Et | Extruder for inverted T=shaped concrete beam - uses blocks on oscillating ram-actuated beam to obtain castellated top edge profiles |
-
1992
- 1992-10-05 FI FI924486A patent/FI101208B1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1993
- 1993-10-05 DE DE1993616135 patent/DE69316135T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-05 JP JP27495693A patent/JPH06190819A/en active Pending
- 1993-10-05 EP EP19930307890 patent/EP0592183B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI924486A0 (en) | 1992-10-05 |
| JPH06190819A (en) | 1994-07-12 |
| FI101208B (en) | 1998-05-15 |
| DE69316135D1 (en) | 1998-02-12 |
| EP0592183A1 (en) | 1994-04-13 |
| FI924486A (en) | 1994-04-06 |
| FI101208B1 (en) | 1998-05-15 |
| DE69316135T2 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
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