EP0589978B1 - Use of special alkyl glycosides as auxiliaries in the pretreatment of textiles - Google Patents

Use of special alkyl glycosides as auxiliaries in the pretreatment of textiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0589978B1
EP0589978B1 EP92912343A EP92912343A EP0589978B1 EP 0589978 B1 EP0589978 B1 EP 0589978B1 EP 92912343 A EP92912343 A EP 92912343A EP 92912343 A EP92912343 A EP 92912343A EP 0589978 B1 EP0589978 B1 EP 0589978B1
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Prior art keywords
alkyl glycosides
alkyl
general formula
liquor
dispersions
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EP92912343A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0589978A1 (en
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Bernd Wahle
Jörg SCHAD
Manfred Weuthen
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
    • D06L1/12—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using aqueous solvents
    • D06L1/14—De-sizing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
    • D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
    • D06L4/13—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen using inorganic agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
    • D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
    • D06L4/20—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of special alkyl glycosides as a surfactant in the textile pretreatment of textile fabrics, yarns or flakes.
  • the aim of the textile pretreatment is to remove the accompanying substances from the textile fabrics, yarns or flakes as easily and gently as possible, which disrupt the finishing processes such as dyeing, printing, optical brightening or finishing.
  • the pretreated goods must not contain any disruptive amounts of dirt, preparations, sizes and natural fibers.
  • the goods must have a sufficiently high degree of whiteness and show uniform and high dye absorption and absorbency.
  • Synthetic fabrics or yarns usually contain spin finishes, size and dirt that are to be removed by washing processes. Natural textile fabrics and yarns are much more difficult to separate from the disruptive accompanying substances, such as sizes, preparations, waxes, pectins, etc. In addition to desizing, this is primarily served by alkaline boiling.
  • Desizing and bleaching are suitable as pretreatment processes for synthetic and / or natural fibers, but are mostly chosen alone or in combination with alkaline decoction for natural fibers.
  • the textile goods are first brought into contact with a chemical-containing liquor that contains surfactants.
  • surfactants The purpose of these surfactants is to enable the textiles to be wetted and penetrated, and to remove sizes, preparations, dirt of all kinds and fiber accompanying substances from the textile goods.
  • Such surfactants must be alkali-stable and temperature-resistant, compatible with other finishing chemicals, such as oxidizing agents, in bleaching and desizing, and have a high affinity for fibers to deaerate textile materials.
  • the surfactants are said to be environmentally compatible, that is to say are readily biodegradable, and have no toxic effect on aquatic organisms.
  • alkyl glycosides have recently been used increasingly in household detergents and cleaning agents.
  • Household detergents which contain alkyl glycosides in combination with at least one customary anionic surfactant are described in European patent application EP-A-0 070 074.
  • liquid detergents are known from European patent application EP-A-0 105 556, which contain alkyglycosides, certain other nonionic surfactants and anionic surfactants. From international patent application WO-A-862 943, alkyl detergent-containing liquid detergents are known which contain conventional anionic surfactants.
  • surfactants for textile pretreatment are subject to significantly higher requirements than household detergents.
  • surfactants for textile pretreatment need a larger chemical and temperature resistance and, moreover, more quickly and, above all, also dissolve other disruptive accompanying substances of the textile fabrics, yarns and flakes as dirt such as size, preparations, pectins etc.
  • the detergent concentrates used in diluted form show good washing results in commercial companies with water hardness of 0 ° dH for household-typical soiling of the type dust-wool fat, blood, milk cocoa, dust-house fat.
  • the textile pretreatment however, other types of dirt and also higher degrees of soiling than household laundry must be removed. Apart from that, the textile pretreatment also has to solve sizing, preparations, pectins, hemicelluloses, (cotton) waxes, metal salts and the like.
  • the object of the present invention was to provide a surfactant aid which is suitable for textile pretreatment and which is resistant to chemicals and alkali, has a high wetting and dispersing capacity and the textile materials treated therewith have excellent absorbency and, in combination with a bleaching agent gives high whiteness.
  • the surfactant auxiliary should be highly environmentally compatible, i.e. non-toxic and completely biodegradable in a very short time.
  • textile fabrics is understood to mean woven, knitted, knitted and nonwoven fabrics.
  • the concept of textile pretreatment includes washing, alkaline boiling, bleaching and desizing.
  • alkyl glycosides used according to the invention are compounds known per se, their preparation in numerous publications, such as in US Pat. Nos. 3547828, 3772269, 3839318 and European Patent Applications 0 301 298 , EP-A-0 357 969, EP-A-0 362 671 and the German patent application DE-A-39 27 919.
  • the reaction products referred to as alkylglycosides can be prepared from glycoses and alcohols either by direct reaction with an excess of the alcohol and an acid as a catalyst or by transacetalization using a lower alcohol as solvent and reactant.
  • the alkyl glycosides used according to the invention are reaction products from the glycoses glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, talose, gulose, allose, old rose, Idose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose and ribose and alcohols with 8 to 14 carbon atoms, it being possible for the glycoses to be glycosidically linked to one another.
  • the number of linked glycoses is characterized by the so-called degree of oligomerization, which is represented in the general formula I as n.
  • the degree of oligomerization n can also assume fractional numerical values as the quantity to be determined analytically; it is usually from 1 to 3 and in particular from 1.1 to 1.4.
  • G is preferably derived from glucose.
  • R 1 denotes an alkyl radical having 8 to 14 carbon atoms.
  • R1 is derived from straight-chain alcohols with 8 to 14 carbon atoms, which are known to be accessible from renewable raw materials as fatty alcohols.
  • Compounds of the general formula I can also be used, in which R 1 represents a branched alkyl radical having 8 to 14 carbon atoms, which is derived from branched alcohols.
  • the branched alcohols are accessible, for example, as so-called oxo alcohols by means of oxo synthesis.
  • R1 can also be mixtures of alkyl radicals with 8 to 14 carbon atoms. Such mixtures can be derived, in particular, from the technical mixtures of straight-chain alcohols with 8 to 14 carbon atoms which are customary in fat chemistry.
  • Alkyl glycosides of the general formula I are particularly preferred, in which R 1 denotes a straight-chain alkyl radical having essentially 10 carbon atoms.
  • the term “essentially” in this context means that R 1 represents 80 to 100% of the n-decyl radical.
  • R1 can be derived from alcohol mixtures which are present in amounts of 80 to 100% by weight. Contain n-decyl alcohol and in amounts of 0 to 20 wt .-% an alcohol with 8 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably with 8 carbon atoms.
  • Alkyl glycosides of the general formula I are very particularly preferred, in which G for a glucose unit, n is a number between 1.1 and 1.4 and R 1 is a straight-chain alkyl radical having essentially 10 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl glycosides to be used according to the invention may contain small amounts of unreacted alcohols having 8 to 14 carbon atoms, which does not have a disadvantageous effect on the use, due to the production process, preferably below 2% by weight.
  • the alkyl glycosides can be used in a simple manner as solutions or as dispersions in the pretreatment liquors.
  • Water and / or organic solvents especially n-butanol, 2-ethylhexanol and / or glycerol, can be used as solvents or dispersants.
  • the aqueous dispersions of alkyl glycosides are also understood to mean the products known to the person skilled in the art as "paste".
  • the alkyl glycosides are used in the form of their solutions or dispersions in such amounts that the active substance content of alkyl glycoside in one liter of the corresponding pretreatment liquor is in the range from 0.1 to 10 g per liter.
  • Alkyl glycosides of the general formula I are added to the wash liquor in such amounts that the active substance content of alkyl glycoside in the wash liquor is in the range from 0.5 to 2.5 g per liter of wash liquor.
  • conventional sequestering agents can be used in amounts of 0.5 to 2.5 g per liter of washing liquor of the phosphonate, gluconate and / or polyacrylate type and in particular phosphonates such as Securon R 540 from Henkel KGaA, in a mixture with alkyl glycosides.
  • the alkyl glycosides are preferably used for washing synthetic textile fabrics, yarns or flakes, in particular made of polyester, polyamide, viscose, acetate fibers and / or polyacrylonitrile.
  • the washing is carried out under usual temperature conditions, preferably at 40 to 80 ° C.
  • the alkyl glycosides are used in the liquor in the form of their aqueous solutions or dispersions in such quantities that the amount of alkyl glycoside active substance is in the range from 1 to 4 g per liter of desizing liquor.
  • the alkyl glycosides can be used in combination with conventional enzymes such as amylases in conventional amounts for desizing.
  • the enzymes are then generally used in amounts of 2 to 15 g per liter of desizing liquor in combination with the alkyl glycosides.
  • Desizing is carried out in a conventional manner.
  • the woven fabric obtained shows excellent degrees of desizing.
  • the alkyl glycosides are used in the form of their aqueous solutions or dispersions in such amounts that the active substance content is in the range from 0.25 to 7.5 g per liter of bleaching liquor.
  • the alkylglycosides are preferred for the bleaching of natural and / or synthetic textile fabrics, yarns or flakes and in this connection very particularly for the aqueous alkaline bleaching of cotton, cotton / polyester, cotton / polyacrylonitrile, cotton / viscose or cotton / polyamide used.
  • These bleaching liquors contain hydrogen peroxide or compounds that form hydrogen peroxide in water as the bleaching agent.
  • the pH of these bleaching agents is adjusted to at least 9 with alkalis, preferably sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide.
  • the bleaching liquors usually contain 5 to 100 ml of 35% by weight hydrogen peroxide, 0.5 to 50 g of sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide, 2.5 to 50 ml of stabilizers, in particular sodium and / or potassium silicate solutions, 0.1 to 0.1 to 1 liter 1.0 g of magnesium salts, in particular magnesium sulfate, 0.5 to 10 g of sequestering agent of the phosphonate, gluconate and / or polyacrylate type and in particular phosphonates such as Securon R 540 Henkel KGaA, the rest of which is to be made up to one liter with water.
  • the bleaching is carried out at temperatures between 20 (cold bleach) and 120 ° C (hot bleach), preferably between 70 and 120 ° C.
  • hot bleach preferably between 70 and 120 ° C.
  • the alkyl glycosides are used for bleaching according to the invention, firstly a very good liquor absorption, ie large amounts of bleaching liquor absorbed onto the textile fabrics, yarns or flakes, and secondly a very high degree of whiteness is obtained.
  • the textile fabrics, fibers or flakes after bleaching in the presence of alkyl glycosides are characterized by very good absorbency and show a uniform and high dye absorption capacity.
  • alkaline decoction of cotton-containing textile fabrics yarns or flakes, preferably for pure cotton, alkyl glycosides are used in the form of their aqueous solutions or dispersions in such amounts that the active substance content is in the range from 0.25 to 7.5 g per liter of decoction liquor.
  • the decoction liquors are all alkaline adjusted to a pH of 10 to 14.
  • alkyl glycosides in the form of their aqueous solutions or dispersions in a mixture with 2 to 100 g of alkalis, preferably sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide, 0 to 5 g of sequestering agents of the ones already described are advantageously used per liter of decoction liquor kind of used.
  • the alkaline boil can be carried out in a conventional manner, preferably between 95 and 120 ° C. The use of alkyl glycosides in the boil allows very high liquor uptake to be achieved in the continuous area, which enables short contact times.
  • alkyl glycosides By using the alkyl glycosides according to the invention, a very good liquor absorption is achieved in all cases of textile pretreatment, which enables short contact times between the material to be treated and pretreatment baths.
  • Information on technical pretreatment which primarily depends on the textile material and the desired type of pretreatment, can also be found in Ullmann's Encyklopadie der Technische Chemie, Volume 23, pages 29-31, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1983.
  • Cotton twill finished with starch was impregnated on a laboratory continuous system with a liquor per liter 5 g enzyme (Enzylase R HT, from Diamalt) 5 g alkyl glucoside according to Example A) contained.
  • the impregnation temperature was 70 ° C, the liquor absorption 100%.
  • steaming in saturated steam (102 ° C.) was carried out in a continuous steamer for 8 minutes. It was then washed out hot on a continuous washing machine (6 washing compartments) and dried on a stenter.
  • the iodine solution is prepared as follows: 10 g KJ were dissolved in 100 ml H2O, 0.635 g iodine was added, shaken and until the iodine completely dissolved touched. The mixture was then made up to 800 ml with water and finally to 1 liter with ethanol.
  • the tissue sample was rinsed briefly with cold water, blotted with a filter paper and immediately compared with the violet scale according to TEGEWA.
  • This scale is subdivided into grades from 1-9, with grade 9 documenting complete freedom from size and from grade 6 there is a sufficiently desized product.
  • the mark 9 was determined using the violet scale, d. H. there was no more size on the goods.
  • Desized cotton twill was impregnated with a liquor per liter on a laboratory continuous system 40 g NaOH (100% by weight) 2 ml phosphonate (Securon R 540, Henkel KGaA) 5 g alkyl glucoside according to Example A) contained.
  • the impregnation temperature was 70 ° C, the liquor absorption 80%.
  • steaming was carried out continuously at 102 ° C. for 5 minutes.
  • the final washing and neutralizing was carried out on a continuous washing machine with 6 washing compartments, the first washing compartment being pre-sharpened with a liquor which was per liter 6.6 g NaOH (100% by weight) 0.8 g alkyl glucoside according to Example A) 0.3 ml phosphonate (Securon R 540, Henkel KGaA) contained.
  • the suction speed of the alkaline-boiled woven goods compared to water determined according to the climbing height method (DIN 53924). The following values resulted:
  • Cotton starch finished with starch was, as described under Example B 2), boiled alkaline and washed out, but not neutralized. Subsequently, an intermediate drying took place on the stenter before the goods were impregnated with a liquor, the per liter 0.15 g MgSO4 ⁇ 10 H2O 12 ml sodium silicate solution (38 ° B ) 6 g NaOH (100% by weight) 5 g alkyl glucoside according to Example A) 2 g phosphonate (Securon R 540, Henkel KGaA) 40 ml H2O2 (35% by weight) contained. The impregnation temperature was 20 ° C, the liquor absorption 100%.
  • the degree of desizing was determined by inserting a tissue sample into the test solution described in Example B 1), then rinsing with cold water, dabbing with a filter paper and immediately comparing it with the violet scale. In the case of the alkaline-boiled and then bleached goods, the rating was 8-9, d. H. the goods were almost free of finishing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns the use of alkyl glycosides of the formula R1-O-Gn, in which R1 is an alkyl group with 8 to 14 C-atoms, G is a glycose unit and n is a number from 1 to 3, as surfactant auxiliaries in the pretreatment of textiles. The use of these alkyl glycosides gives flat-shaped textile articles, yarn or flock with a high degree of whiteness, high absorbency and/or a high degree of desizing.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von speziellen Alkylglykosiden als tensidisches Hilfsmittel in der textilen Vorbehandlung von textilen Flächengebilden, Garnen oder Flocken.The invention relates to the use of special alkyl glycosides as a surfactant in the textile pretreatment of textile fabrics, yarns or flakes.

Ziel der textilen Vorbehandlung ist eine möglichst einfache und schonende Entfernung von Begleitstoffen der textilen Flächengebilde, Garne oder Flocken, die die Veredlungsgänge, wie Färben, Drucken, optisches Aufhellen oder Ausrüsten, stören. So darf beispielsweise für die Färberei die vorbehandelte Ware keine störenden Mengen an Schmutz, Präparationen, Schlichten und natürlichen Faserbegleitstoffen enthalten. Gleichzeitig muß die Ware einen genügend hohen Weißgrad aufweisen und gleichmäßiges und hohes Farbstoffaufnahmevermögen und Saugfähigkeit zeigen. Synthetische textile Flächengebilde oder Garne enthalten in der Regel Spinnpräparationen, Schlichte und Schmutz, die durch Waschprozesse entfernt werden sollen. Natürliche textile Flächengebilde und Garne sind noch viel schwieriger von den störenden Begleitstoffen, wie Schlichte, Präparationen, Wachse, Pektine etc. zu trennen. Hierfür dient neben der Entschlichtung in erster Linie das alkalische Abkochen. Entschlichtung und Bleiche sind als Vorbehandlungsprozesse für synthetische und/oder natürliche Fasern geeignet, werden aber meist alleine oder in Kombination mit dem alkalischen Abkochen bei natürlichen Fasern gewählt. Bei den besprochenen Vorbehandlungen: Waschen, alkalisches Abkochen, Entschlichtung und Bleiche wird zunächst das Textilgut mit einer chemikalienhaltigen Flotte in Berührung gebracht, die Tenside enthält. Diese Tenside haben die Aufgabe ein Benetzen und Durchdringen der Textilien zu ermöglichen und Schlichte, Präparationen, Schmutz aller Art und Faserbegleitstoffe vom Textilgut zu entfernen. Derartige Tenside müssen alkalistabil und temperaturbeständig sein, sich mit anderen Veredlungschemikalien, wie Oxidationsmittel, in der Bleiche und Entschlichtung vertragen und eine hohe Faseraffinität zum Entlüften von textilen Materialien besitzen. Darüberhinaus sollen die Tenside umweltverträglich sein, das heißt biologisch gut abgebaut werden, und keine toxische Wirkung gegenüber Wasserorganismen besitzen.The aim of the textile pretreatment is to remove the accompanying substances from the textile fabrics, yarns or flakes as easily and gently as possible, which disrupt the finishing processes such as dyeing, printing, optical brightening or finishing. For example, for dyeing, the pretreated goods must not contain any disruptive amounts of dirt, preparations, sizes and natural fibers. At the same time, the goods must have a sufficiently high degree of whiteness and show uniform and high dye absorption and absorbency. Synthetic fabrics or yarns usually contain spin finishes, size and dirt that are to be removed by washing processes. Natural textile fabrics and yarns are much more difficult to separate from the disruptive accompanying substances, such as sizes, preparations, waxes, pectins, etc. In addition to desizing, this is primarily served by alkaline boiling. Desizing and bleaching are suitable as pretreatment processes for synthetic and / or natural fibers, but are mostly chosen alone or in combination with alkaline decoction for natural fibers. In the pre-treatments discussed: washing, alkaline decoction, desizing and bleaching, the textile goods are first brought into contact with a chemical-containing liquor that contains surfactants. The purpose of these surfactants is to enable the textiles to be wetted and penetrated, and to remove sizes, preparations, dirt of all kinds and fiber accompanying substances from the textile goods. Such surfactants must be alkali-stable and temperature-resistant, compatible with other finishing chemicals, such as oxidizing agents, in bleaching and desizing, and have a high affinity for fibers to deaerate textile materials. In addition, the surfactants are said to be environmentally compatible, that is to say are readily biodegradable, and have no toxic effect on aquatic organisms.

Alkylglykoside werden in jüngster Zeit aufgrund ihrer biologischen Verträglichkeit und ihrer bekannten Netzeigenschaften vermehrt in Haushaltswasch- und Reinigungsmitteln eingesetzt. Haushaltswaschmittel, die Alkylglykoside in Kombination mit wenigstens einem üblichen anionischen Tensid enthalten, werden in der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP-A-0 070 074 beschrieben. Des weiteren sind aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP-A-0 105 556 flüssige Waschmittel bekannt, die Alkyglykoside, bestimmte andere nichtionische Tenside und anionische Tenside enthalten. Aus der internationalen Patentanmeldung WO-A-862 943 sind alkylglykosidhaltige Flüssigwaschmittel bekannt, die übliche anionische Tenside enthalten.Because of their biological compatibility and their known wetting properties, alkyl glycosides have recently been used increasingly in household detergents and cleaning agents. Household detergents which contain alkyl glycosides in combination with at least one customary anionic surfactant are described in European patent application EP-A-0 070 074. Furthermore, liquid detergents are known from European patent application EP-A-0 105 556, which contain alkyglycosides, certain other nonionic surfactants and anionic surfactants. From international patent application WO-A-862 943, alkyl detergent-containing liquid detergents are known which contain conventional anionic surfactants.

An Tenside für die textile Vorbehandlung werden jedoch deutlich höhere Anforderungen als an Haushaltswaschmittel gestellt. So müssen Tenside für die textile Vorbehandlung eine größere Chemikalien- und Temperaturbeständigkeit aufweisen und zudem in kürzerer Zeit mehr und vor allen Dingen auch noch andere störende Begleitstoffe der textilen Flächengebilde, Garne und Flocken als Schmutz wie Schlichte, Präparationen, Pektine etc. lösen.However, surfactants for textile pretreatment are subject to significantly higher requirements than household detergents. For example, surfactants for textile pretreatment need a larger chemical and temperature resistance and, moreover, more quickly and, above all, also dissolve other disruptive accompanying substances of the textile fabrics, yarns and flakes as dirt such as size, preparations, pectins etc.

Aus der internationalen Patentanmeldung WO-A-9 006 353 ist ein flüssiges, wäßriges Waschmittelkonzentrat für gewerbliche Wäschereien bekannt, das ein Alkylglucosid der Formel R-O-Gx mit R=C₈-C₁₄ Alkylrest und x=1,2 bis 5 und als Builderkomponenten Natriumhydroxid, Natriumsilikat und Natrium-nitrilotriacetat enthält. Die in verdünnter Form angewendeten Waschmittelkonzentrate zeigen in gewerblichen Betrieben bei Wasserhärten von 0 °dH für haushaltstypische Anschmutzungen vom Typ Staub-Wollfett, Blut, Milchkakao, Staub-Hausfett gute Waschergebnisse. In der textilen Vorbehandlung müssen jedoch auch andere Schmutzarten und auch in höheren Anschmutzungsgraden als Haushaltswäsche entfernt werden. Abgesehen davon, gilt es in der textilen Vorbehandlung auch Schlichten, Präparationen, Pektine, Hemicellulosen, (Baumwoll)Wachse, Metallsalze und ähnliches zu lösen.From the international patent application WO-A-9 006 353 a liquid, aqueous detergent concentrate for commercial laundries is known which contains an alkyl glucoside of the formula ROG x with R = C₈-C₁₄ alkyl radical and x = 1.2 to 5 and as builder components sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and contains sodium nitrilotriacetate. The detergent concentrates used in diluted form show good washing results in commercial companies with water hardness of 0 ° dH for household-typical soiling of the type dust-wool fat, blood, milk cocoa, dust-house fat. In the textile pretreatment, however, other types of dirt and also higher degrees of soiling than household laundry must be removed. Apart from that, the textile pretreatment also has to solve sizing, preparations, pectins, hemicelluloses, (cotton) waxes, metal salts and the like.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung lag die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein für die textile Vorbehandlung geeignetes tensidisches Hilfsmittel zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches chemikalien- und alkalistabil ist, ein hohes Netz- und Disperigervermögen zeigt und den damit behandelten Textilmaterialien eine ausgezeichnete Saugfähigkeit und in Kombination mit einem Bleichmittel einen hohen Weißgrad verleiht. Zudem sollte das tensidische Hilfsmittel in hohem Maß umweltverträglich, das heißt nicht toxisch und in kürzester Zeit biologisch vollständig abbaubar sein.The object of the present invention was to provide a surfactant aid which is suitable for textile pretreatment and which is resistant to chemicals and alkali, has a high wetting and dispersing capacity and the textile materials treated therewith have excellent absorbency and, in combination with a bleaching agent gives high whiteness. In addition, the surfactant auxiliary should be highly environmentally compatible, i.e. non-toxic and completely biodegradable in a very short time.

Die Aufgabe wurde gelöst durch die Verwendung von Alkylglykosiden der allgemeinen Formel I



        R¹ - O - (G)n   (I)



in der R¹ einen Alkylrest mit 8 bis 14 C-Atomen, G eine Glykoseeinheit und n eine Zahl von 1 bis 3 bedeuten als tensidisches Hilfsmittel beim Entschlichten, Bleichen und alkalischen Abkochen von natürlichen und/oder synthetischen textilen Flächengebilden, Garnen oder Flocken.The object was achieved by using alkyl glycosides of the general formula I



R¹ - O - (G) n (I)



in which R¹ is an alkyl radical with 8 to 14 carbon atoms, G is a glycose unit and n is a number from 1 to 3 as a surfactant in desizing, bleaching and alkaline boiling of natural and / or synthetic textile fabrics, yarns or flakes.

Unter dem Begriff der textilen Flächengebilde werden im Rahmen der Erfindung Web-, Strick-, Wirkware und Vliese verstanden. Der Begriff der textilen Vorbehandlung umfaßt das Waschen, alkalische Abkochen, Bleichen und Entschlichten. Der Begriff Alkylglykoside soll wie üblich die Alkylmonoglykoside (n = 1) als auch deren Gemische mit Alkyloligoglykosiden bezeichnen, deren Oligomerisierungsgrad nicht höher als n = 3 ist.In the context of the invention, the term textile fabrics is understood to mean woven, knitted, knitted and nonwoven fabrics. The concept of textile pretreatment includes washing, alkaline boiling, bleaching and desizing. As usual, the term alkyl glycosides is intended to denote the alkyl monoglycosides (n = 1) and also their mixtures with alkyl oligoglycosides, the degree of oligomerization of which is not higher than n = 3.

Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Alkylglykoside sind an sich bekannte Verbindungen, deren Herstellung in zahlreichen Druckschriften, wie in den US-Patentschriften US-A-3547828, US-A-3772269, US-A-3839318 und den europäischen Patentanmeldungen EP-A-0 301 298, EP-A-0 357 969, EP-A-0 362 671 sowie der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE-A-39 27 919 beschrieben wird. Dabei können die als Alkylglykoside bezeichneten Reaktionsprodukte aus Glykosen und Alkoholen entweder durch direkte Umsetzung mit einem Überschuß des Alkohols und einer Säure als Katalysator oder durch Umacetalisierung unter Mitverwendung eines niederen Alkohols als Lösungsmittel und Reaktionspartner hergestellt werden. Bei den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Alkylglykosiden handelt es sich um Reaktionsprodukte aus den Glykosen Glucose, Fructose, Mannose, Galactose, Talose, Gulose, Allose, Altrose, Idose, Arabinose, Xylose, Lyxose und Ribose und Alkoholen mit 8 bis 14 C-Atomen, wobei die Glykosen miteinander glykosidisch verknüpft sein können. Die Anzahl der miteinander verknüpften Glykosen wird durch den sogenannten Oligomerisierungsgrad charakterisiert, der in der allgemeinen Formel I als n dargestellt ist. Der Oligomerisierungsgrad n kann als analytisch zu ermittelnde Größe auch gebrochene Zahlenwerte annehmen; er liegt in der Regel bei Werten von 1 bis 3 und insbesondere zwischen 1,1 und 1,4. Die von den genannten Glykosen abgeleiteten Glykoseeinheiten werden in der allgemeinen Formel I als G bezeichnet. Bevorzugt im Sinne der Erfindung leitet sich G von der Glucose ab. R¹ bezeichnet in der allgemeinen Formel I einen Alkylrest mit 8 bis 14 C-Atomen. Zweckmäßigerweise leitet sich R¹ ab von geradkettigen Alkoholen mit 8 bis 14 C-Atomen, die als Fettalkohole bekanntermaßen aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen zugänglich sind. Brauchbar sind auch Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel I, in der R¹ einen verzweigten Alkylrest mit 8 bis 14 C-Atomen darstellt, der sich von verzweigten Alkoholen ableitet. Die verzweigten Alkohole sind beispielsweise als sogenannte Oxoalkohole mittels Oxosynthese zugänglich. Selbstverständlich kann R¹ auch Mischungen, von Alkylresten mit 8 bis 14 C-Atomen darstellen. Derartige Mischungen können sich insbesondere von den in der Fettchemie üblichen technischen Mischungen von geradkettigen Alkoholen mit 8 bis 14 C-Atomen ableiten. Bevorzugt im Sinne der Erfindung werden Alkylglykoside der allgemeinen Formel I, in der R¹ einen geradkettigen Alkylrest mit 8 bis 12 C-Atomen bedeutet. Insbesondere bevorzugt sind Alkylglykoside der allgemeinen Formel I, in der R¹ einen geradkettigen Alkylrest mit im wesentlichen 10 C-Atomen bedeutet. Im Sinne der Erfindung bedeutet in diesem Zusammenhang der Begriff "im wesentlichen", daß R¹ zu 80 bis 100 % den n-Decylrest repräsentiert. Demnach kann sich R¹ von Alkoholmischungen ableiten, die in Mengen von 80 bis 100 Gew.-% n-Decylalkohol enthalten und in Mengen von 0 bis 20 Gew.-% einen Alkohol mit 8 bis 14 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise mit 8 C-Atomen.The alkyl glycosides used according to the invention are compounds known per se, their preparation in numerous publications, such as in US Pat. Nos. 3547828, 3772269, 3839318 and European Patent Applications 0 301 298 , EP-A-0 357 969, EP-A-0 362 671 and the German patent application DE-A-39 27 919. The reaction products referred to as alkylglycosides can be prepared from glycoses and alcohols either by direct reaction with an excess of the alcohol and an acid as a catalyst or by transacetalization using a lower alcohol as solvent and reactant. The alkyl glycosides used according to the invention are reaction products from the glycoses glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, talose, gulose, allose, old rose, Idose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose and ribose and alcohols with 8 to 14 carbon atoms, it being possible for the glycoses to be glycosidically linked to one another. The number of linked glycoses is characterized by the so-called degree of oligomerization, which is represented in the general formula I as n. The degree of oligomerization n can also assume fractional numerical values as the quantity to be determined analytically; it is usually from 1 to 3 and in particular from 1.1 to 1.4. The glycose units derived from the glycoses mentioned are referred to in the general formula I as G. For the purposes of the invention, G is preferably derived from glucose. In the general formula I, R 1 denotes an alkyl radical having 8 to 14 carbon atoms. Advantageously, R¹ is derived from straight-chain alcohols with 8 to 14 carbon atoms, which are known to be accessible from renewable raw materials as fatty alcohols. Compounds of the general formula I can also be used, in which R 1 represents a branched alkyl radical having 8 to 14 carbon atoms, which is derived from branched alcohols. The branched alcohols are accessible, for example, as so-called oxo alcohols by means of oxo synthesis. Of course, R¹ can also be mixtures of alkyl radicals with 8 to 14 carbon atoms. Such mixtures can be derived, in particular, from the technical mixtures of straight-chain alcohols with 8 to 14 carbon atoms which are customary in fat chemistry. For the purposes of the invention, preference is given to alkylglycosides of the general formula I in which R¹ is a straight-chain alkyl radical having 8 to 12 carbon atoms. Alkyl glycosides of the general formula I are particularly preferred, in which R 1 denotes a straight-chain alkyl radical having essentially 10 carbon atoms. In the context of the invention, the term “essentially” in this context means that R 1 represents 80 to 100% of the n-decyl radical. Accordingly, R¹ can be derived from alcohol mixtures which are present in amounts of 80 to 100% by weight. Contain n-decyl alcohol and in amounts of 0 to 20 wt .-% an alcohol with 8 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably with 8 carbon atoms.

Ganz besonders bevorzugt werden Alkylglykoside der allgemeinen Formel I, in der G für eine Glucoseeinheit, n eine Zahl zwischen 1,1 und 1,4 und R¹ einen geradkettigen Alkylrest mit im wesentlichen 10 C-Atomen bedeutet.Alkyl glycosides of the general formula I are very particularly preferred, in which G for a glucose unit, n is a number between 1.1 and 1.4 and R 1 is a straight-chain alkyl radical having essentially 10 carbon atoms.

Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Alkylglykoside können bedingt über das Herstellungsverfahren geringe Mengen, vorzugsweise unter 2 Gew.-%, an nicht umgesetzten Alkoholen mit 8 bis 14 C-Atomen enthalten, was sich nicht nachteilig auf die Verwendung auswirkt.The alkyl glycosides to be used according to the invention may contain small amounts of unreacted alcohols having 8 to 14 carbon atoms, which does not have a disadvantageous effect on the use, due to the production process, preferably below 2% by weight.

Die Alkylglykoside können in einfacher Weise als Lösungen oder als Dispersionen in den Vorbehandlungsflotten verwendet werden. Als Lösungsmittel oder Dispergiermittel können Wasser und/oder organische Lösungsmittel, vor allem n-Butanol, 2-Ethylhexanol und/oder Glycerin, verwendet werden. Bevorzugt werden wäßrige Lösungen oder wäßrige Dispersionen von Alkylglykosiden, die in Mengen von 50 bis 100 Gew.-% Wasser als Lösungsmittel oder Dispergiermittel und organische Lösungsmittel in Mengen von 0 bis 50 Gew.-% - bezogen auf Lösungs- und Dispergiermittel - enthalten. Unter den wäßrigen Dispersionen von Alkylglykosiden werden auch die dem Fachmann als "Paste" bekannten Produkte verstanden. In der Regel werden die Alkylglykoside in Form ihrer Lösungen oder Dispersionen in solchen Mengen verwendet, daß der Aktivsubstanzgehalt an Alkylglykosid in einem Liter der entsprechenden Vorbehandlungsflotte in dem Bereich von 0,1 bis 10 g pro Liter liegt.The alkyl glycosides can be used in a simple manner as solutions or as dispersions in the pretreatment liquors. Water and / or organic solvents, especially n-butanol, 2-ethylhexanol and / or glycerol, can be used as solvents or dispersants. Preference is given to aqueous solutions or aqueous dispersions of alkyl glycosides which contain from 50 to 100% by weight of water as solvent or dispersing agent and organic solvents in amounts from 0 to 50% by weight, based on the solvent and dispersing agent. The aqueous dispersions of alkyl glycosides are also understood to mean the products known to the person skilled in the art as "paste". As a rule, the alkyl glycosides are used in the form of their solutions or dispersions in such amounts that the active substance content of alkyl glycoside in one liter of the corresponding pretreatment liquor is in the range from 0.1 to 10 g per liter.

Für das Waschen von synthetischen textilen Flächengebilden, Garnen oder Flocken werden die wäßrigen Lösungen oder Dispersionen der Alkylglykoside der allgemeinen Formel I in solchen Mengen in die Waschflotte gegeben, daß der Aktivsubstanzgehalt an Alkylglykosid in der Waschflotte in dem Bereich von 0,5 bis 2,5 g pro Liter Waschflotte liegt. Gegebenenfalls können übliche Sequestriermittel in Mengen von 0,5 bis 2,5 g pro Liter Waschflotte vom Typ der Phosphonate, Gluconate und/oder Polyacrylate und insbesondere Phosphonate wie SecuronR 540 der Henkel KGaA, in Mischung mit Alkylglykosiden verwendet werden. Bevorzugt im Sinne der Erfindung werden die Alkylglykoside für das Waschen von synthetischen textilen Flächengebilden, Garnen oder Flocken vor allem aus Polyester, Polyamid, Viskose, Acetatfasern und/oder Polyacrylnitril verwendet. Das Waschen wird Unter üblichen Temperaturbedingungen, vorzugsweise bei 40 bis 80 °C durchgeführt.For washing synthetic textile fabrics, yarns or flakes, the aqueous solutions or dispersions are used Alkyl glycosides of the general formula I are added to the wash liquor in such amounts that the active substance content of alkyl glycoside in the wash liquor is in the range from 0.5 to 2.5 g per liter of wash liquor. If appropriate, conventional sequestering agents can be used in amounts of 0.5 to 2.5 g per liter of washing liquor of the phosphonate, gluconate and / or polyacrylate type and in particular phosphonates such as Securon R 540 from Henkel KGaA, in a mixture with alkyl glycosides. For the purposes of the invention, the alkyl glycosides are preferably used for washing synthetic textile fabrics, yarns or flakes, in particular made of polyester, polyamide, viscose, acetate fibers and / or polyacrylonitrile. The washing is carried out under usual temperature conditions, preferably at 40 to 80 ° C.

Beim Entschlichten von natürlicher und/oder synthetischer Webware werden die Alkylglykoside in Form ihrer wäßrigen Lösungen oder Dispersionen in solchen Mengen in der Flotte verwendet, daß die Menge an Alkylglykosid-Aktivsubstanz im Bereich von 1 bis 4 g pro Liter Entschlichtungsflotte liegt. Wenn erforderlich, können die Alkylglykoside in Kombination mit üblichen Enzymen wie Amylasen in üblichen Mengen beim Entschlichten verwendet werden. Die Enzyme werden dann in der Regel in Mengen von 2 bis 15 g pro Liter Entschlichtungsflotte in Kombination mit den Alkylglykosiden verwendet. Die Entschlichtung wird auf herkömmliche Weise durchgeführt. Die erhaltene Webware zeigt ausgezeichnete Entschlichtungsgrade.When desizing natural and / or synthetic woven fabrics, the alkyl glycosides are used in the liquor in the form of their aqueous solutions or dispersions in such quantities that the amount of alkyl glycoside active substance is in the range from 1 to 4 g per liter of desizing liquor. If necessary, the alkyl glycosides can be used in combination with conventional enzymes such as amylases in conventional amounts for desizing. The enzymes are then generally used in amounts of 2 to 15 g per liter of desizing liquor in combination with the alkyl glycosides. Desizing is carried out in a conventional manner. The woven fabric obtained shows excellent degrees of desizing.

Beim Bleichen werden die Alkylglykoside in Form ihrer wäßrigen Lösungen oder Dispersionen in solchen Mengen verwendet, daß der Aktivsubstanzgehalt im Bereich von 0,25 bis 7,5 g pro Liter Bleichflotte liegt. Bevorzugt im Sinne der Erfindung werden die Alkylglykoside für das Bleichen von natürlichen und/oder synthetischen textilen Flächengebilde, Garne oder Flocken und hierbei ganz besonders für die wäßrige alkalische Bleiche von Baumwolle, Baumwolle/Polyester, Baumwolle/Polyacrylnitril, Baumwoll/Viskose oder Baumwolle/Polyamid verwendet. Diese Bleichflotten enthalten als bleichendes Agenz Wasserstoffperoxid oder Verbindungen, die in Wasser Wasserstoffperoxid bilden. Der pH-Wert dieser Bleichmittel wird mit Alkalien, vorzugsweise Natriumhydroxid und/oder Kaliumhydroxid, auf mindestens 9 eingestellt. Üblicherweise enthalten die Bleichflotten pro Liter 5 bis 100 ml 35 gew.-%iges Wasserstoffperoxid, 0,5 bis 50 g Natriumhydroxid und/oder Kaliumhydroxid, 2,5 bis 50 ml Stabilisatoren, insbesondere Natrium- und/oder Kaliumsilikatlösungen, 0,1 bis 1,0 g Magnesiumsalze, insbesondere Magnesiumsulfat, 0,5 bis 10 g Sequestriermittel vom Typ der Phosphonate, Gluconate und/oder Polyacrylate und insbesondere Phosphonate wie SecuronR 540 Henkel KGaA, wobei der Rest zu einem Liter mit Wasser aufzufüllen ist. Die Bleiche wird bei Temperaturen zwischen 20 (Kaltbleiche) und 120 °C (Heißbleiche), vorzugsweise zwischen 70 und 120 °C durchgeführt. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung der Alkylglykoside beim Bleichen wird zum einen eine sehr gute Flottenaufnahme, das heißt große Mengen an aufgenommener Bleichflotte auf die textilen Flächengebilde, Garne oder Flocken, und zum anderen ein sehr hoher Weißgrad erhalten. Zudem sind die textilen Flächengebilde, Fasern oder Flocken nach der Bleiche in Anwesenheit von Alkylglykosiden durch eine sehr gute Saugfähigkeit gekennzeichnet und zeigen ein gleichmäßiges und hohes Farbstoffaufnahmevermögen.In bleaching, the alkyl glycosides are used in the form of their aqueous solutions or dispersions in such amounts that the active substance content is in the range from 0.25 to 7.5 g per liter of bleaching liquor. For the purposes of the invention, the alkylglycosides are preferred for the bleaching of natural and / or synthetic textile fabrics, yarns or flakes and in this connection very particularly for the aqueous alkaline bleaching of cotton, cotton / polyester, cotton / polyacrylonitrile, cotton / viscose or cotton / polyamide used. These bleaching liquors contain hydrogen peroxide or compounds that form hydrogen peroxide in water as the bleaching agent. The pH of these bleaching agents is adjusted to at least 9 with alkalis, preferably sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide. The bleaching liquors usually contain 5 to 100 ml of 35% by weight hydrogen peroxide, 0.5 to 50 g of sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide, 2.5 to 50 ml of stabilizers, in particular sodium and / or potassium silicate solutions, 0.1 to 0.1 to 1 liter 1.0 g of magnesium salts, in particular magnesium sulfate, 0.5 to 10 g of sequestering agent of the phosphonate, gluconate and / or polyacrylate type and in particular phosphonates such as Securon R 540 Henkel KGaA, the rest of which is to be made up to one liter with water. The bleaching is carried out at temperatures between 20 (cold bleach) and 120 ° C (hot bleach), preferably between 70 and 120 ° C. When the alkyl glycosides are used for bleaching according to the invention, firstly a very good liquor absorption, ie large amounts of bleaching liquor absorbed onto the textile fabrics, yarns or flakes, and secondly a very high degree of whiteness is obtained. In addition, the textile fabrics, fibers or flakes after bleaching in the presence of alkyl glycosides are characterized by very good absorbency and show a uniform and high dye absorption capacity.

Für das alkalische Abkochen von baumwollhaltigen textilen Flächengebilde, Garne oder Flocken, vorzugsweise für reine Baumwolle werden Alkylglykoside in Form ihrer wäßrigen Lösungen oder Dispersionen in solchen Mengen verwendet, daß der Aktivsubstanzgehalt im Bereich von 0,25 bis 7,5 g pro Liter Abkochflotte liegt. Die Abkochflotten sind allesamt alkalisch auf einen pH-Wert von 10 bis 14 eingestellt. Zweckmäßigerweise werden pro Liter Abkochflotte 0,25 bis 7,5 g, bezogen auf Aktivsubstanzgehalt, Alkylglykoside in Form ihrer wäßrigen Lösungen oder Dispersionen in Mischung mit 2 bis 100 g Alkalien, vorzugsweise Natriumhydroxid und/oder Kaliumhydroxid, 0 bis 5 g Sequestriermittel der bereits beschriebenen Art verwendet. Das alkalische Abkochen kann auf herkömmliche Weise, vorzugsweise zwischen 95 und 120 °C erfolgen. Durch die Verwendung von Alkylglykosiden beim Abkochen können im Kontinuebereich sehr hohe Flottenaufnahmen erreicht werden, die kurze Kontaktzeiten ermöglichen.For the alkaline decoction of cotton-containing textile fabrics, yarns or flakes, preferably for pure cotton, alkyl glycosides are used in the form of their aqueous solutions or dispersions in such amounts that the active substance content is in the range from 0.25 to 7.5 g per liter of decoction liquor. The decoction liquors are all alkaline adjusted to a pH of 10 to 14. Expediently 0.25 to 7.5 g, based on the active substance content, of alkyl glycosides in the form of their aqueous solutions or dispersions in a mixture with 2 to 100 g of alkalis, preferably sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide, 0 to 5 g of sequestering agents of the ones already described are advantageously used per liter of decoction liquor Kind of used. The alkaline boil can be carried out in a conventional manner, preferably between 95 and 120 ° C. The use of alkyl glycosides in the boil allows very high liquor uptake to be achieved in the continuous area, which enables short contact times.

Für kontinuierliche Prozesse der textilen Vorbehandlung können Zugaben an üblichen Entschäumern wie Silikone, Mineralöle und/oder Phosphorsäureester vorteilhaft sein.For continuous processes of textile pretreatment, additions to conventional defoamers such as silicones, mineral oils and / or phosphoric acid esters can be advantageous.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung der Alkylglykosiden wird in allen Fällen der textilen Vorbehandlung eine sehr gute Flottenaufnahme erreicht, die kurze Kontaktzeiten zwischen zu behandelndem Material und Vorbehandlungsbädern ermöglicht. Hinweise zur technischen Vorbehandlung, die sich in erster Linie nach dem Textilgut und nach der gewünschten Art der Vorbehandlung richten sind auch in Ullmann's Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie, Band 23, Seiten 29-31, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1983, zu entnehmen.By using the alkyl glycosides according to the invention, a very good liquor absorption is achieved in all cases of textile pretreatment, which enables short contact times between the material to be treated and pretreatment baths. Information on technical pretreatment, which primarily depends on the textile material and the desired type of pretreatment, can also be found in Ullmann's Encyklopadie der Technische Chemie, Volume 23, pages 29-31, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1983.

BeispieleExamples A) Herstellung des AlkylglykosidsA) Preparation of the alkyl glycoside

Durch Direktsynthese gemäß der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE-A-3833780 wurde aus Decanol und wasserfreier Glucose eine 50 gew.-%ige Paste an Alkylglucosid mit einem Oligomerisierungsgrad n von 1,25 erhalten.A direct synthesis according to German published patent application DE-A-3833780 resulted in a 50% by weight paste of alkyl glucoside with a degree of oligomerization n of 1.25 being obtained from decanol and anhydrous glucose.

B) Anwendungstechnische BeispieleB) Application engineering examples Beispiel 1: EntschlichtenExample 1: Desizing

Mit Stärke geschlichteter Baumwollköper wurde auf einer Labor-Kontinueanlage mit einer Flotte imprägniert, die pro Liter
5 g Enzym (EnzylaseRHT, der Firma Diamalt)
5 g Alkylglucosid nach Beispiel A)
enthielt. Die Imprägniertemperatur betrug 70 °C, die Flottenaufnahme 100 %. Zur Vervollständigung der Reaktion wurde in einem Kontinue-Dämpfer 8 Minuten bei Sattdampf (102 °C) gedämpft. Anschließend wurde auf einer Kontinue-Waschmaschine (6 Waschabteile) heiß ausgewaschen und auf einem Spannrahmen getrocknet.Cotton twill finished with starch was impregnated on a laboratory continuous system with a liquor per liter
5 g enzyme (Enzylase R HT, from Diamalt)
5 g alkyl glucoside according to Example A)
contained. The impregnation temperature was 70 ° C, the liquor absorption 100%. To complete the reaction, steaming in saturated steam (102 ° C.) was carried out in a continuous steamer for 8 minutes. It was then washed out hot on a continuous washing machine (6 washing compartments) and dried on a stenter.

Die Ermittlung des Entschlichtungsgrades erfolgte durch Einlegen einer Gewebeprobe in eine Jodlösung mit einer Stoffmengenkonzentration von c = 0,005 mol/l. Die Jodlösung wird folgendermaßen zubereitet: 10 g KJ wurden in 100 ml H₂O gelöst, 0,635 g Jod zugefügt, umgeschüttelt und bis zur vollständigen Auflösung des Jods gerührt. Mit Wasser wurde anschließend auf 800 ml und zum Schluß mit Ethanol auf 1 Liter aufgefüllt.The degree of desizing was determined by placing a tissue sample in an iodine solution with a substance concentration of c = 0.005 mol / l. The iodine solution is prepared as follows: 10 g KJ were dissolved in 100 ml H₂O, 0.635 g iodine was added, shaken and until the iodine completely dissolved touched. The mixture was then made up to 800 ml with water and finally to 1 liter with ethanol.

Nach einer Einlegzeit von 1 Minute in die Jodlösung wurde die Gewebeprobe mit kaltem Wasser kurz gespült, mit einem Filterpapier abgetupft und sofort mit der Violettskala nach TEGEWA verglichen. Diese Skala ist in Noten von 1-9 unterteilt, wobei die Note 9 völlige Schlichtefreiheit dokumentiert und ab der Note 6 eine ausreichend entschlichtete Ware vorliegt. Für die nach Beispiel B 1) enschlichtete Ware wurde mit Hilfe der Violettskala die Note 9 ermittelt, d. h. es befand sich keine Schlichte mehr auf der Ware.After an insertion time of 1 minute in the iodine solution, the tissue sample was rinsed briefly with cold water, blotted with a filter paper and immediately compared with the violet scale according to TEGEWA. This scale is subdivided into grades from 1-9, with grade 9 documenting complete freedom from size and from grade 6 there is a sufficiently desized product. For the goods sized according to Example B 1), the mark 9 was determined using the violet scale, d. H. there was no more size on the goods.

Beispiel 2: AbkochenExample 2: Boil

Entschlichteter Baumwollköper wurde auf einer Labor-Kontinueanlage mit einer Flotte imprägniert, die pro Liter
40 g NaOH (100 gew.-%ig)
2 ml Phosphonat (SecuronR 540, Henkel KGaA)
5 g Alkylglucosid nach Beispiel A)
enthielt. Die Imprägniertemperatur betrug 70 °C, die Flottenaufnahme 80 %. Nach dem Imprägnieren und Abquetschen wurde 5 Minuten bei 102 °C kontinuierlich gedämpft. Das abschließende Auswaschen und Neutralisieren erfolgte auf einer Kontinue-Waschmaschine mit 6 Waschabteilen, wobei das erste Waschabteil mit einer Flotte vorgeschärft war, die pro Liter
6,6 g NaOH (100 gew.-%ig)
0,8 g Alkylglucosid nach Beispiel A)
0,3 ml Phosphonat (SecuronR 540, Henkel KGaA)
enthielt. Für die Auswertung des Versuches wurde die Sauggeschwindigkeit der alkalisch abgekochten Webware gegenüber Wasser nach dem Steighöhenverfahren (DIN 53924) ermittelt. Es resultierten folgende Werte:Desized cotton twill was impregnated with a liquor per liter on a laboratory continuous system
40 g NaOH (100% by weight)
2 ml phosphonate (Securon R 540, Henkel KGaA)
5 g alkyl glucoside according to Example A)
contained. The impregnation temperature was 70 ° C, the liquor absorption 80%. After impregnation and squeezing, steaming was carried out continuously at 102 ° C. for 5 minutes. The final washing and neutralizing was carried out on a continuous washing machine with 6 washing compartments, the first washing compartment being pre-sharpened with a liquor which was per liter
6.6 g NaOH (100% by weight)
0.8 g alkyl glucoside according to Example A)
0.3 ml phosphonate (Securon R 540, Henkel KGaA)
contained. For the evaluation of the test, the suction speed of the alkaline-boiled woven goods compared to water determined according to the climbing height method (DIN 53924). The following values resulted:

Steighöhe in mmRise height in mm

nach 15 Sekundenafter 15 seconds 1313 nach 30 Sekundenafter 30 seconds 1616 nach 60 Sekundenafter 60 seconds 2020th

Beispiel 3: BleichenExample 3: bleaching

Mit Stärke gechlichteter Baumwollnessel wurde, wie unter Beispiel B 2) beschrieben, alkalisch abgekocht und ausgewaschen, jedoch nicht neutralisiert. Anschließend erfolgte eine Zwischentrocknung auf dem Spannrahmen, bevor die Ware mit einer Flotte imprägniert wurde, die pro Liter
0,15 g MgSO₄ · 10 H₂O
12 ml Natriumsilikatlösung (38 °B

Figure imgb0001
)
6 g NaOH (100 gew.-%ig)
5 g Alkylglucosid nach Beispiel A)
2 g Phosphonat (SecuronR 540, Henkel KGaA)
40 ml H₂O₂ (35 gew.-%ig)
enthielt. Die Imprägniertemperatur betrug 20 °C, die Flottenaufnahme 100 %.Cotton starch finished with starch was, as described under Example B 2), boiled alkaline and washed out, but not neutralized. Subsequently, an intermediate drying took place on the stenter before the goods were impregnated with a liquor, the per liter
0.15 g MgSO₄ · 10 H₂O
12 ml sodium silicate solution (38 ° B
Figure imgb0001
)
6 g NaOH (100% by weight)
5 g alkyl glucoside according to Example A)
2 g phosphonate (Securon R 540, Henkel KGaA)
40 ml H₂O₂ (35% by weight)
contained. The impregnation temperature was 20 ° C, the liquor absorption 100%.

Nach dem Abquetschen wurde 8 Minuten bei 102 °C in einem Kontinuedämpfer gedämpft und anschließend in einer Kontinue-Waschanlage heiß gespült und neutralisiert. Das erste Waschabteil der Kontinue-Waschanlage wurde mit einer Flotte vorgeschärft, die pro Liter
1 g NaOH (100 gew.-%ig)
0,8 g Alkylglucosid nach Beispiel A)
0,3 g Phosphonat (SecuronR 540, Henkel KGaA)
enthielt. Zum Abschluß wurde die Ware auf einem Spannrahmen getrocknet. Die Auswertung des Versuches umfaßte die Ermittlung des Entschlichtungsgrades, des Weißgrades und der Sauggeschwindigkeit gegenüber Wasser.After the squeezing, steaming was carried out for 8 minutes at 102 ° C. in a continuous steamer and then rinsed hot and neutralized in a continuous washing system. The first washing compartment of the continuous washing system was pre-sharpened with a fleet that per liter
1 g NaOH (100% by weight)
0.8 g alkyl glucoside according to Example A)
0.3 g phosphonate (Securon R 540, Henkel KGaA)
contained. Finally, the goods were dried on a tenter. The evaluation of the test included the determination of the degree of desizing, the degree of whiteness and the speed of suction against water.

a) Ermittlung des Entschlichtungsgradesa) Determination of the degree of desizing

Die Ermittlung des Entschlichtungsgrades erfolgte durch Einlegen einer Geweprobe in die unter Beispiel B 1) beschriebene Prüflösung, anschließendes Ausspülen mit kaltem Wasser, Abtupfen mit einem Filterpapier und sofortigem Vergleichen mit der Violettskala. Bei der alkalisch abgekochten und anschließend gebleichten Ware ergab sich die Note 8-9, d. h. die Ware war nahezu schlichtfrei.The degree of desizing was determined by inserting a tissue sample into the test solution described in Example B 1), then rinsing with cold water, dabbing with a filter paper and immediately comparing it with the violet scale. In the case of the alkaline-boiled and then bleached goods, the rating was 8-9, d. H. the goods were almost free of finishing.

b) Ermittlung des Weißgradesb) Determination of the degree of whiteness

Die Messung des Weißgrades erfolgte in % Remission auf dem Elrepho-Gerät der Firma Zeiss unter Verwendung des Filters R46. Weißgrad des vorbehandelten Ware in % Remission: 84,4The whiteness was measured in% remission on the Elrepho device from Zeiss using the R46 filter. Whiteness of the pretreated goods in% remission: 84.4

c) Ermittlung der Sauggeschwindigkeit der vorbehandelten Ware gegenüber Wasserc) Determination of the suction speed of the pretreated goods against water

Diese Ermittlung erfolgte nach der DIN-Methode 53924 (Steighöhenverfahren) und es resultierten folgende Ergebnisse:This determination was made according to DIN method 53924 (climbing height method) and the following results resulted:

Steighöhe in mmRise height in mm

nach 15 Sekundenafter 15 seconds 1818th nach 30 Sekundenafter 30 seconds 2323 nach 60 Sekundenafter 60 seconds 3232

Claims (9)

  1. The use of alkyl glycosides corresponding to general formula I



            R¹ - O - (G)n   (I)



    in which R¹ is a C₈₋₁₄ alkyl radical, G is a glycose unit and n is a number of 1 to 3,
    as surface-active auxiliaries in the desizing, bleaching and alkaline scouring of natural and/or synthetic sheet-form textile materials, yarns or flocks.
  2. The use claimed in claim 1, characterized in that alkyl glycosides corresponding to general formula I, in which R¹ is a linear C₈₋₁₂ alkyl radical, preferably a linear alkyl radical essentially containing 10 carbon atoms, are used.
  3. The use claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that alkyl glycosides corresponding to general formula I, in which n is a number of 1.1 to 1.4, are used.
  4. The use claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that alkyl glycosides corresponding to general formula I, in which G is a glucose unit, are used.
  5. The use claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the alkyl glycosides corresponding to general formula I are used in the form of solutions or dispersions.
  6. The use claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the alkyl glycosides corresponding to general formula I are used in the form of solutions or dispersions in such quantities that the active substance content per pretreatment liquor is in the range from 0.1 to 10 g.
  7. The use claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the alkyl glycosides corresponding to general formula I are used in the form of aqueous solutions or dispersions in alkaline scouring liquors in quantities of 0.25 to 7.5 g, based on active substance content per liter scouring liquor.
  8. The use claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the alkyl glycosides corresponding to general formula I are used in the form of aqueous solutions or dispersions in desizing liquors in quantities of 1 to 4 g, based on alkyl glycoside active substance per liter desizing liquor.
  9. The use claimed in any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the alkyl glycosides corresponding to general formula I are used in the form of aqueous solutions or dispersions in bleaching liquors in quantities of 0.25 to 7.5 g, based on alkyl glycoside active substance per liter bleaching liquor.
EP92912343A 1991-06-18 1992-06-09 Use of special alkyl glycosides as auxiliaries in the pretreatment of textiles Expired - Lifetime EP0589978B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4120084A DE4120084A1 (en) 1991-06-18 1991-06-18 USE OF SPECIAL ALKYL GLYCOSIDES AS AUXILIARIES IN TEXTILE PRE-TREATMENT
DE4120084 1991-06-18
PCT/EP1992/001287 WO1992022698A1 (en) 1991-06-18 1992-06-09 Use of special alkyl glycosides as auxiliaries in the pretreatment of textiles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0589978A1 EP0589978A1 (en) 1994-04-06
EP0589978B1 true EP0589978B1 (en) 1995-02-22

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EP92912343A Expired - Lifetime EP0589978B1 (en) 1991-06-18 1992-06-09 Use of special alkyl glycosides as auxiliaries in the pretreatment of textiles

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EP (1) EP0589978B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06508184A (en)
DE (2) DE4120084A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2069432T3 (en)
TW (1) TW212821B (en)
WO (1) WO1992022698A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7534760B2 (en) 1997-10-29 2009-05-19 Akzo Nobel N.V. Highly alkaline compositions containing a hexyl glycoside as a hydrotrope

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0716180A1 (en) * 1994-12-08 1996-06-12 Ciba-Geigy Ag Wetting agent for mercerizing
DE59508783D1 (en) * 1994-12-22 2000-11-16 Ciba Sc Holding Ag N-cyanomethylated chitosans and their hydrolysis products
GB9618575D0 (en) * 1996-09-05 1996-10-16 Courtaulds Fibres Holdings Ltd Fibre treatment
EP0919608A1 (en) * 1997-11-25 1999-06-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Use of a polyhydroxyfatty acid amide compound as a softening compound
DE10030648A1 (en) * 2000-06-29 2002-01-10 Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh Use of alkyl polyglucosides as modifiers for the production of cellulose fibers by the viscose process
DE10303328B4 (en) * 2003-01-28 2007-04-26 A. Monforts Textilmaschinen Gmbh & Co.Kg Process for continuous enzymatic desizing
JP5647515B2 (en) * 2007-04-27 2014-12-24 フォルシュングスツェントルム ユーリッヒ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングＦｏｒｓｃｈｕｎｇｓｚｅｎｔｒｕｍ Ｊｕｅｌｉｃｈ ＧｍｂＨ Mixture comprising alkyl polyglucoside, co-surfactant and polymer additive

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US3598865A (en) * 1968-02-07 1971-08-10 Atlas Chem Ind Polyglycosides and process of preparing mono and polyglycosides
US3640998A (en) * 1969-06-18 1972-02-08 Richard C Mansfield Alkylene oxide adducts of alkyloligosaccharides and their mixtures with alkylene oxide adducts of bord alkyl glucosides and alkanols
US4781725A (en) * 1986-09-17 1988-11-01 Staley Continental, Inc. Enhanced transfer printability treatment method and composition

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7534760B2 (en) 1997-10-29 2009-05-19 Akzo Nobel N.V. Highly alkaline compositions containing a hexyl glycoside as a hydrotrope

Also Published As

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JPH06508184A (en) 1994-09-14
WO1992022698A1 (en) 1992-12-23
TW212821B (en) 1993-09-11
DE4120084A1 (en) 1992-12-24
ES2069432T3 (en) 1995-05-01
DE59201470D1 (en) 1995-03-30
EP0589978A1 (en) 1994-04-06

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