EP0588773B1 - Verfahren zum Brennen von Dachziegeln in Rollenherdofen und Pressdachziegel zum Durchführen dieses Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Brennen von Dachziegeln in Rollenherdofen und Pressdachziegel zum Durchführen dieses Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0588773B1
EP0588773B1 EP93830372A EP93830372A EP0588773B1 EP 0588773 B1 EP0588773 B1 EP 0588773B1 EP 93830372 A EP93830372 A EP 93830372A EP 93830372 A EP93830372 A EP 93830372A EP 0588773 B1 EP0588773 B1 EP 0588773B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tile
tiles
roller
plane
firing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93830372A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0588773A1 (de
Inventor
Alberto Castelfranco
M. Frieder Teichgräber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TEICHGRAEBER GMBH
Sacmi Forni SpA
Original Assignee
Teichgraber GmbH
Sacmi Forni SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from ITMO920122A external-priority patent/IT1259997B/it
Priority claimed from DE9212961U external-priority patent/DE9212961U1/de
Application filed by Teichgraber GmbH, Sacmi Forni SpA filed Critical Teichgraber GmbH
Publication of EP0588773A1 publication Critical patent/EP0588773A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0588773B1 publication Critical patent/EP0588773B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B28B11/243—Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2907—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections
    • E04D1/2914—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2916—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements the fastening means taking hold directly on adjacent elements of the same row
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/02—Grooved or vaulted roofing elements
    • E04D1/04—Grooved or vaulted roofing elements of ceramics, glass or concrete, with or without reinforcement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2907—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections
    • E04D1/2914—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2918—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements the fastening means taking hold directly on adjacent elements of succeeding rows
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2907—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections
    • E04D1/2956—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having tongues and grooves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
    • F27B9/2407—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollers (roller hearth furnace)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
    • F27M2001/00—Composition, conformation or state of the charge
    • F27M2001/15—Composition, conformation or state of the charge characterised by the form of the articles
    • F27M2001/1504—Ceramic articles
    • F27M2001/1508—Articles of relatively small dimensions
    • F27M2001/1517—Tiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
    • F27M2002/00—Disposition of the charge
    • F27M2002/01—Disposition of the charge in one layer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to. a method for firing rooftiles in roller hearth kilns.
  • the invention is useful in firing rooftiles of the type known as Portuguese tiles or pantiles, or the like.
  • Pantiles comprise plain tiles with a straight central zone and a bent zone for overlapping an adjacent tile, or plain hollow tiles with a slight S-shape, or Roman tiles with a straight central zone and a large-radius bent overlapping zone.
  • All of the tiles are characterised by complex shapes, and they are not singly provided with flat surfaces permitting of simple and sure resting on roller type continuous conveyors.
  • one commonly adopted solution is that of tunnel kilns using traditional cars loaded with the piled material, or using special auxiliary firing means constituted by supports made in U-shaped crates made in refractory material, each predisposed to receive a certain number of tiles, normally stacked vertically.
  • the supports can be piled one on the other to form several tile layers.
  • tunnel kilns are envisaged but with the use of cars whereon the tiles are piled, lying horizontally, by means of special supports which can be jointed one on top of the other to form a pile.
  • each tile rests on and is supported by its own refractory support, the presence of which guarantees, during firing, a perfect maintenance of the shape of the tile and thus a successful end product.
  • roller hearth kilns In the floor- and wall-tile industry roller hearth kilns are used, which are slao functionally suitable for smooth surface-covering tiles. Roller hearth kilns of this type are both smaller and provide a considerably shorter firing time.
  • a principal aim of the present invention is to obviate the drawbacks and limits of the prior art realisations, through a method permitting of firing in particular complex-shape tiles in roller-hearth kilns without the need to use special auxiliary supports for firing the tiles.
  • a roof tile made by pressing with a ceramic material, including a central zone and an overlapping bend, which has on a bottom side thereof at least two reinforcing running ribs provided for resting the tile on the rollers of a roller hearth kiln, and on an upper side thereof and in the area of a longitudinal edge thereof and an opposite side of the overlapping bend there is provided a rest plane for an external inferior edge of the overlapping bend of an identical contiguous tile.
  • Pressed roof tiles formed in this way may be continuously fed through the roller hearth kiln without the use of any special auxiliary supports such that the tiles are securely supported by the running ribs on the rollers of the trollers hearth kiln and by the inferior edge of the overlapping bend resting on the rest plane of the preceding tile. It is important that in the supporting area of the inferior edge of overlapping bend no overlaoad of of material occurs.
  • the running ribs preferably extend in transversal direction of the tile, but may also extend in longitudinal directions.
  • additional support rollers for supporting the overlapping bend at the inferior edge thereof may be provided in the roller hearth kiln, preferably only in a softening zone thereof.
  • the length of the laying planes of the running ribs being greater than the axial distance between two rollers ensures a secure support of the running ribs on at least two rollers at any time.
  • 1 denotes a tile of the type known as a Portuguese tile or Roman tile, characterised in that it has a quite complex geometrical shape. It belongs to tile typologies that can be schematically defined, from the geometrical point of view, as being constituted by a curved part, similar to a cover, connected with a flatter part. The curved part has an edge for coupling and superposing it on the corresponding flat zone, which can joint with another, contiguous tile.
  • the tile 1 soffit, apart from having the usual hooking projections 10, jointing crossribs 11 and various joints and notches, all of which have the function of guaranteeing good connection between the tiles and ease of laying, also has ribs 12 (three in the embodiment shown) arranged exclusively with the aim of identifying an ideal flat laying surface for the tiles 1.
  • the ribs 12 are arranged transversally and exhibit a length such as to ensure a continuous lay on the rollers 3 of a roller plane 2 of a roller hearth kiln 4 for firing ceramic products.
  • the length of the ribs 12 should be as a rule at least twice the length of the interaxis between two rollers 3.
  • the transversal arrangement of the ribs 12 is in accordance with the arrangement of the tiles 1 on the rollers 3, that is, the direction of the tiles 1 themselves with respect to the advancement direction of the entire roller plane 2 formed by the rollers 3.
  • the ribs 12 provide a flat surface for laying the tiles 1 on the rollers 3 thanks to the presence of which the projecting functional elements, such as the hooking projections 10, the various profiles and the various jointing crossribs 11, are situated on the same plane or above the laying plane configured by the ribs 12.
  • the arrangement of the ribs 12 permits thus of laying a part of the soffit of the tile 1 on a roller plane 3, so as to permit the unproblematic movement of the tile 1 itself along the roller plane 2.
  • the ribs 12 extend over a large part of the soffit of the tile 1 with the exclusion of the curved zone of the tile 1 at which zone there is a lateral overlapping edge 13.
  • the said lateral overlapping edge 13 is predisposed to insert and couple, during its laying, in the special joint seating 14 made in proximity to the corresponding opposite lateral edge of the lateral overlapping edge 13 of an identical and contiguous tile 1.
  • the tiles 1 can be arranged on the roller plane 2 simply in line one behind the other, or in a sort of chain fashion.
  • the tiles 1, laid with their relative ribs 12 on the rollers 3, are consecutively coupled one to the next in such a way that the lateral overlapping edge 13 of a single tile 1 is inserted into the joint seating 14 of the immediately following tile 1.
  • This arrangement represnted in figure 6, reproduces the configuration which will be used when the tiles are actually laid on a roof.
  • the coupling of the tiles 1 to form a chain can be easily realised according to the embodiment shown in figure 5, by means of the use of projecting elements 15 in the form of a shelf from the lateral edge of each single tile 1 opposite to the lateral overlapping edge 13.
  • the presence of the projecting elements 15 made on the piece does not prejudice the functionality of the tile 1 and allows an ordered line of tiles 1 to be created, in which the lateral overlapping edge 13 of a tile 1 can rest couplingly on the elements 15 of the following tile 1 without interfering with the zones of the functional elements of the tile 1 itself, that is, without being and remaining directly coupled and inserted, during the firing phase, in the joint seating 14 which is destined to receive the lateral overlapping edge 13 when laid.
  • the arrangement realises, thanks to the presence of the ribs 12 and the possiblity of the lateral overlapping edges' 13 stable resting of the single tiles 1 arranged in a line and coupled one consecutively to the other on any roller conveyor, and thus, in particular, on the roller planes usually used in roller hearth kilns for firing ceramic materials.
  • the stability of the arrangement adopted is such that the tiles 1 maintain, during the firing process, together with a correct orientation with respect to the rollers, also all the characteristics of shape and function that are indispensable for their correct functioning when laid.
  • the tile comprises a central zone 101 and by an overlapping bend 102.
  • On the bottom side there are three running ribs 103 arranged transversally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the tile, with horizontal laying planes 104 for resting on the rollers of a roller hearth kiln.
  • the length of the laying planes 104 of the ribs 103, at least on the side of the head and the foot of the tile, is greater than double the axial distance between two rollers of the roller hearth kiln.
  • the running ribs 103 further comprise by inclined surfaces 105 for easy insertion on the rollers of the roller hearth kiln.
  • a laying surface 107 is envisaged for the external inferior edge 108 of the overlapping bend 109 of a similar tile.
  • the laying surface 107 is provided with two projections 109 on the opposite side from the overlapping bend 102, which projections 109 are formed on the longitudinal edge 106 of the tile opposite to the overlapping bend 102.
  • Each of the projections 109 further exhibits a locking rib 110 projecting from the laying plane 107, which guarantees a perfect blocking of two tiles when the laying surface 107 and the inferior edge of the overlapping bend 108 of an adjacent tile is arranged on the laying plane 107.
  • the running ribs 103 on the side of the head and on the side of the foot of the tile with a relative laying surface are continued on the inferior side of the projections 109 up to the external edges of the projections. Further, these two ribs 103 are arranged in such a way as not to interfere with either the roof beams or the covering.
  • both the inferior edge of the overlapping bend 108 and the laying surface 107 are kept free of glaze, so that the pieces cannot become glued together during firing.
  • Figure 11 shows a hollow plain tile according to the invention, as described with respect to figures from 8 to 10, with a view of the foot of one tile with the overlapping bend of the successive tile at the moment of the passage through the kiln.
  • Figure 12 shows a section of a Roman tile according to the invention, with the overlapping bend 102 of the adjacent Roman tile laying on it during the passage through the roller hearth kiln.
  • the Roman tile is distinct from the hollow plain tile described in figures from 8 to 11 because it does not exhibit projections 109, but rather is provided with an according laying surface 111 for the inferior edge of the overlapping bend 102 adjacent to a lateral upper rib 112. All of the other characteristics correspond to those described for figures from 8 to 11.
  • Figure 13 shows a plain barrel tile according to the invention in a similar view to the Roman tile of figure 12. No projections 109 are envisaged here, and the laying surface 111 of the inferior projection of the overlapping bend 108 is formed by the bottom of the external lateral groove.
  • figure 14 shows a hollow plain tile according to the invention, shown like the Roman tile of figure 12 and the plain barrel tile of figure 13.
  • This hollow plain tile also has no projections 109.
  • the laying surface 111 for the inferior edge 108 of the overlapping bend 102 is structured as the bottom of an external lateral groove situated lower, adjacent to the lateral upper rib 112.
  • an additional laying surface can be provided for the external projection 108 of its overlapping bend 102, on a separate shaped ceramic piece (not illustrated).
  • Both the laying surface 107 and the laying surface 111 of the inferior projection of the overlapping bend 108 are structured and arranged in such a way as not to lead, during firing in a roller hearth kiln, to an overload of the material.
  • Another possible alternative is to arrange the ribs 103 longitudinally with respect to the tile and to equip the roller hearth kiln with additional support rollers for the inferior edge 108 of the overlapping bend 102 at least in the softening zone of the roller hearth kiln.

Claims (3)

  1. Verfahren zum Brennen von Ziegeln in Rollenöfen, bei welchem die Ziegel (1) direkt auf einer Rollenfläche (2) von einem Rollenofen (4) angeordnet werden; wobei jeder der Ziegel (1) an wenigstens einem Teil einer - Wölbfläche mit zusätzlichen Auflagemitteln versehen ist, um eine ideale Auflagefläche zu bilden, dank welcher die verschiedenen hervorstehenden Elemente, wie Einhakansätze (10), Verbindungsrippen (11) und ähnliche, sich nicht unterhalb der Auflagefläche befinden; wobei die genannten Auflagemittel an einem Teil der Wölbfläche eines jeden genannten Ziegels (1) wenigstens zwei Rippen (12) enthalten, welche eine ideale Auflagefläche bilden und parallel zu einer Vorschubrichtung des auf der Rollenfläche (2) liegenden Ziegels (1) angeordnet sind; wobei die Länge der Rippen (12) wenigstens der doppelten Länge des Achsenabstandes zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Rollen (3) der Rollenfläche (2) entspricht; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ziegel (1), welche auf einer Rollenfläche (2) angeordnet sind, mit Hilfe der Rippen (12) auf dieser liegen und dabei einer mit dem anderen verbunden sind, um durch die gegenseitige Verbindung zwischen den sich gegenüberliegenden seitlichen Kanten der Ziegel (1) eine Kette zu bilden.
  2. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindung zwischen den sich gegenüberliegenden seitlichen Kanten der Ziegel (1) erhalten wird durch Einlegen einer Deckwulstkante (13) eines Ziegels (1) in wenigstens ein schalenförmig ausgebildetes hervorstehendes Element (15), das speziell in die der seitlichen Deckwulstkante (13) gegenüberliegenden seitlichen Kante eines gleichartigen Ziegels (1) eingearbeitet ist, letzterer angrenzend an den ersten angeordnet.
  3. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindung zwischen den sich gegenüberliegenden seit-lichen Kanten der Ziegel (1) erhalten wird durch Einlegen einer Deckwulstkante (13) eines Ziegels (1) in einen Verbindungssitz (14), welcher bei einem gleichartigen und angrenzend angeordneten Ziegel (1) in der Nähe einer Kante eingearbeitet ist, die der Deckwulstkante (13) gegenüberliegt, um die Verbindung der Ziegel (1) auf gleiche Weise auch während des anschliessenden Dachdeckens zu erlauben.
EP93830372A 1992-09-15 1993-09-13 Verfahren zum Brennen von Dachziegeln in Rollenherdofen und Pressdachziegel zum Durchführen dieses Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP0588773B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMO920122A IT1259997B (it) 1992-09-15 1992-09-15 Metodo per la cottura di tegole in forni del tipo a rulli.
ITMO920122 1992-09-15
DE9212961U DE9212961U1 (de) 1992-09-25 1992-09-25
DE9212961U 1992-09-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0588773A1 EP0588773A1 (de) 1994-03-23
EP0588773B1 true EP0588773B1 (de) 1999-12-01

Family

ID=25959975

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93830372A Expired - Lifetime EP0588773B1 (de) 1992-09-15 1993-09-13 Verfahren zum Brennen von Dachziegeln in Rollenherdofen und Pressdachziegel zum Durchführen dieses Verfahrens

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0588773B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH06200593A (de)
CN (1) CN1080868C (de)
AT (1) ATE187242T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69327143T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2141757T3 (de)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE66526C (de) * H. BOLZE & CO. in Braunschweig Falzziegel
FR347501A (fr) * 1904-10-28 1905-03-13 Gentil Soc Carreaux céramiques partiellement émaillés, permettant la cuisson par empilage
US2762618A (en) * 1951-06-18 1956-09-11 Thermal Res And Engineering Co Billet heating furnace
US3830625A (en) * 1973-09-17 1974-08-20 Ceramic Tile Co Method and apparatus for fast firing glazed ceramic tile trim
IT1093544B (it) * 1978-03-24 1985-07-19 Welko Ind Spa Procedimento ed apparecchiatura per la protezione delle piastrelle in ceramica o simili e dei rulli in materiale refrattario dei forni a rulli,durante la cottura delle medesime piastrelle
DE4120264A1 (de) * 1991-06-19 1992-12-24 Ceric Keramik Vertriebs Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung von dachziegeln sowie nach diesem verfahren hergestellte dachziegel
DE4200012C2 (de) * 1992-01-02 1999-04-15 Erlus Baustoffwerke Verfahren zum Brennen von Dach-Falzziegeln
DE9212961U1 (de) * 1992-09-25 1992-11-26 Teichgraeber Gmbh, 8011 Grasbrunn, De

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0588773A1 (de) 1994-03-23
ATE187242T1 (de) 1999-12-15
CN1089676A (zh) 1994-07-20
JPH06200593A (ja) 1994-07-19
DE69327143T2 (de) 2000-04-20
DE69327143D1 (de) 2000-01-05
ES2141757T3 (es) 2000-04-01
CN1080868C (zh) 2002-03-13

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