EP0588773A1 - A method for firing roof tiles in roller hearth kilns and a pressed roof tile for carrying out the method - Google Patents
A method for firing roof tiles in roller hearth kilns and a pressed roof tile for carrying out the method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0588773A1 EP0588773A1 EP93830372A EP93830372A EP0588773A1 EP 0588773 A1 EP0588773 A1 EP 0588773A1 EP 93830372 A EP93830372 A EP 93830372A EP 93830372 A EP93830372 A EP 93830372A EP 0588773 A1 EP0588773 A1 EP 0588773A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tile
- tiles
- roller
- plane
- edge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/243—Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
- E04D1/2907—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections
- E04D1/2914—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements
- E04D1/2916—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements the fastening means taking hold directly on adjacent elements of the same row
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/02—Grooved or vaulted roofing elements
- E04D1/04—Grooved or vaulted roofing elements of ceramics, glass or concrete, with or without reinforcement
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
- E04D1/2907—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections
- E04D1/2914—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements
- E04D1/2918—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements the fastening means taking hold directly on adjacent elements of succeeding rows
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
- E04D1/2907—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections
- E04D1/2956—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having tongues and grooves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
- F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
- F27B9/2407—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollers (roller hearth furnace)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2001/00—Composition, conformation or state of the charge
- F27M2001/15—Composition, conformation or state of the charge characterised by the form of the articles
- F27M2001/1504—Ceramic articles
- F27M2001/1508—Articles of relatively small dimensions
- F27M2001/1517—Tiles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2002/00—Disposition of the charge
- F27M2002/01—Disposition of the charge in one layer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for firing rooftiles in roller hearth kilns, and rooftiles made by pressing with a ceramic material, including a central zone and an overlapping bend, particularly for carrying out the method.
- the invention is useful in firing rooftiles of the type known as Portuguese tiles or pantiles, or the like.
- Pantiles comprise plain tiles with a straight central zone and a bent zone for overlapping an adjacent tile, or plain hollow tiles with a slight S-shape, or Roman tiles with a straight central zone and a large-radius bent overlapping zone. All of the tiles are characterised by complex shapes, and they are not singly provided with flat surfaces permitting of simple and sure resting on roller type continuous conveyors.
- one commonly adopted solution is that of tunnel kilns using traditional cars loaded with the piled material, or using special auxiliary firing means constituted by supports made in U-shaped crates made in refractory material, each predisposed to receive a certain number of tiles, normally stacked vertically.
- the supports can be piled one on the other to form several tile layers.
- Other realisations envisage tunnel kilns of the single layer type in which only one layer of tiles is formed on the cars, which tiles are arranged lying vertical and kept in that position by special support elements made in refractory material provided on the car.
- tunnel kilns are envisaged but with the use of cars whereon the tiles are piled, lying horizontally, by means of special supports which can be jointed one on top of the other to form a pile.
- each tile rests on and is supported by its own refractory support, the presence of which guarantees, during firing, a perfect maintenance of the shape of the tile and thus a successful end product.
- All the prior art solutions for firing tiles require the housing of tiles in piles on cars in the tunnel kiln, with or without the use of refractory supports through which it is possible to perform the loading of the tiles on the cars.
- a principal aim of the present invention is to obviate the drawbacks and limits of the prior art realisations, through a method permitting of firing in particular complex-shape tiles in roller-hearth kilns without the need to use special auxiliary supports for firing the tiles.
- the object of the invention is attained by a roof tile made by pressing with a ceramic material, including a central zone and an overlapping bend, which is characterised in tht on a bottom side of the tile at least two reinforcing running ribs are provided for resting the tile onthe rollers of a roller hearth kiln, and on an upper side of the tile and in the area of a longitudinal edge of the tile.
- a laying plane for an external inferior edge of the overlapping bend of an identical contiguous tile On an opposite side of the overlapping bend there is provided a laying plane for an external inferior edge of the overlapping bend of an identical contiguous tile. Pressed roof tiles formed in this way may be continuously fed through the roller hearth kiln without the use of any special auxiliary supports such that the tiles are securely supported by the running ribs on the rollers of the trollers hearth kiln and by the inferior edge of the overlapping bend resting on the laying plane of the preceding tile. It is important that in the supporting area of the inferior edge of overlapping bend no overlaoad of material occurs.
- the running ribs preferably extend in transversal direction of the tile, but may also extend in longitudinal directions.
- the tiles 1, laid with their relative ribs 12 on the rollers 3, are consecutively coupled one to the next in such a way that the lateral overlapping edge 13 of a single tile 1 is inserted into the joint seating 14 of the immediately following tile 1.
- This arrangement reproduces the configuration which will be used when the tiles are actually laid on a roof.
- the coupling of the tiles 1 to form a chain can be easily realised according to the embodiment shown in figure 5, by means of the use of projecting elements 15 in the form of a shelf from the lateral edge of each single tile 1 opposite to the lateral overlapping edge 13.
- the elements 15, for example two in number exhibit two prongs at their ends which describe joint seatings 16 for coupling with the lateral overlapping edges 13.
- the presence of the projecting elements 15 made on the piece does not prejudice the functionality of the tile 1 and allows an ordered line of tiles 1 to be created, in which the lateral overlapping edge 13 of a tile 1 can rest couplingly on the elements 15 of the following tile 1 without interfering with the zones of the functional elements of the tile 1 itself, that is, without being and remaining directly coupled and inserted, during the firing phase, in the joint seating 14 which is destined to receive the lateral overlapping edge 13 when laid.
- the arrangement realises, thanks to the presence of the ribs 12 and the possiblity of the lateral overlapping edges' 13 stable resting of the single tiles 1 arranged in a line and coupled one consecutively to the other on any roller conveyor, and thus, in particular, on the roller planes usually used in roller hearth kilns for firing ceramic materials.
- the stability of the arrangement adopted is such that the tiles 1 maintain, during the firing process, together with a correct orientation with respect to the rollers, also all the characteristics of shape and function that are indispensable for their correct functioning when laid.
- the tile comprises a central zone 101 and by an overlapping bend 102.
- On the bottom side there are three running ribs 103 arranged transversally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the tile, with horizontal laying planes 104 for resting on the rollers of a roller hearth kiln.
- the length of the laying planes 104 of the ribs 103, at least on the side of the head and the foot of the tile, is greater than double the axial distance between two rollers of the roller hearth kiln.
- the running ribs 103 further comprise by inclined surfaces 105 for easy insertion on the rollers of the roller hearth kiln.
- a laying surface 107 is envisaged for the external inferior edge 108 of the overlapping bend 109 of a similar tile.
- the laying surface 107 is provided with two projections 109 on the opposite side from the overlapping bend 102, which projections 109 are formed on the longitudinal edge 106 of the tile opposite to the overlapping bend 102.
- Each of the projections 109 further exhibits a locking rib 110 projecting from the laying plane 107, which guarantees a perfect blocking of two tiles when the laying surface 107 and the inferior edge of the overlapping bend 108 of an adjacent tile is arranged on the laying plane 107.
- Figure 12 shows a section of a Roman tile according to the invention, with the overlapping bend 102 of the adjacent Roman tile laying on it during the passage through the roller hearth kiln.
- the Roman tile is distinct from the hollow plain tile described in figures from 8 to 11 because it does not exhibit projections 109, but rather is provided with an according laying surface 111 for the inferior edge of the overlapping bend 102 adjacent to a lateral upper rib 112. All of the other characteristics correspond to those described for figures from 8 to 11.
- Figure 13 shows a plain barrel tile according to the invention in a similar view to the Roman tile of figure 12. No projections 109 are envisaged here, and the laying surface 111 of the inferior projection of the overlapping bend 108 is formed by the bottom of the external lateral groove.
- figure 14 shows a hollow plain tile according to the invention, shown like the Roman tile of figure 12 and the plain barrel tile of figure 13.
- This hollow plain tile also has no projections 109.
- the laying surface 111 for the inferior edge 108 of the overlapping bend 102 is structured as the bottom of an external lateral groove situated lower, adjacent to the lateral upper rib 112.
- an additional laying surface can be provided for the external projection 108 of its overlapping bend 102, on a separate shaped ceramic piece (not illustrated).
- Both the laying surface 107 and the laying surface 111 of the inferior projection of the overlapping bend 108 are structured and arranged in such a way as not to lead, during firing in a roller hearth kiln, to an overload of the material.
- Another possible alternative is to arrange the ribs 103 longitudinally with respect to the tile and to equip the roller hearth kiln with additional support rollers for the inferior edge 108 of the overlapping bend 102 at least in the softening zone of the roller hearth kiln.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a method for firing rooftiles in roller hearth kilns, and rooftiles made by pressing with a ceramic material, including a central zone and an overlapping bend, particularly for carrying out the method.
Specifically but not exclusively, the invention is useful in firing rooftiles of the type known as Portuguese tiles or pantiles, or the like.
Pantiles comprise plain tiles with a straight central zone and a bent zone for overlapping an adjacent tile, or plain hollow tiles with a slight S-shape, or Roman tiles with a straight central zone and a large-radius bent overlapping zone.
All of the tiles are characterised by complex shapes, and they are not singly provided with flat surfaces permitting of simple and sure resting on roller type continuous conveyors.
To carry out firing of such tile types, the prior art teaches various solutions. For example, one commonly adopted solution is that of tunnel kilns using traditional cars loaded with the piled material, or using special auxiliary firing means constituted by supports made in U-shaped crates made in refractory material, each predisposed to receive a certain number of tiles, normally stacked vertically. The supports can be piled one on the other to form several tile layers.
Other realisations envisage tunnel kilns of the single layer type in which only one layer of tiles is formed on the cars, which tiles are arranged lying vertical and kept in that position by special support elements made in refractory material provided on the car.
For tiles of a particularly complex shape, tunnel kilns are envisaged but with the use of cars whereon the tiles are piled, lying horizontally, by means of special supports which can be jointed one on top of the other to form a pile. In this case, each tile rests on and is supported by its own refractory support, the presence of which guarantees, during firing, a perfect maintenance of the shape of the tile and thus a successful end product.
All the prior art solutions for firing tiles, however, require the housing of tiles in piles on cars in the tunnel kiln, with or without the use of refractory supports through which it is possible to perform the loading of the tiles on the cars. Independently of the complication that this can lead to, for example, in terms of loading and unloading machines, it is certain that the necessary presence of the supports on the one hand raises considerably the cost of the plant and on the other hand is an expression of a technique that is totally linked to the firing technology wherein the material is moved on cars, which is certainly not the most modern technology, nor the most efficient desirable. Kilns of this type have, among other things, rather long firing cycles, even of up to 24 hours.
All of this has very negative effect on the production costs of the tiles.
In the floor- and wall-tile industry roller hearth kilns are used, which are slao functionally suitable for smooth surface-covering tiles. Roller hearth kilns of this type are both smaller and provide a considerably shorter firing time.
A principal aim of the present invention, as it is characterised in the claims that follow, is to obviate the drawbacks and limits of the prior art realisations, through a method permitting of firing in particular complex-shape tiles in roller-hearth kilns without the need to use special auxiliary supports for firing the tiles.
In particular the object of the invention is attained by a roof tile made by pressing with a ceramic material, including a central zone and an overlapping bend, which is characterised in tht on a bottom side of the tile at least two reinforcing running ribs are provided for resting the tile onthe rollers of a roller hearth kiln, and on an upper side of the tile and in the area of a longitudinal edge of the tile. On an opposite side of the overlapping bend there is provided a laying plane for an external inferior edge of the overlapping bend of an identical contiguous tile.
Pressed roof tiles formed in this way may be continuously fed through the roller hearth kiln without the use of any special auxiliary supports such that the tiles are securely supported by the running ribs on the rollers of the trollers hearth kiln and by the inferior edge of the overlapping bend resting on the laying plane of the preceding tile. It is important that in the supporting area of the inferior edge of overlapping bend no overlaoad of material occurs.
The running ribs preferably extend in transversal direction of the tile, but may also extend in longitudinal directions. In the latter case, additional support rollers for supporting the overlapping bend at the inferior edge thereof may be provided in the roller hearth kiln, preferably only in a softening zone thereof.
Further features and developments of the invention are apparent from claims 8 to 16.
The length of the laying planes of the running ribs being greater than the axial distance between two rollers ensures a secure support of the running ribs on at least two rollers at any time.
The presence of locking ribs projecting from the layig plane ensures a secure locking of the tiles in the roller hearth kiln.
Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will better emerge from the detailed description that follows, of a preferred but non-exclusive embodiment here illustrated in the form of a non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings, in which: - figure 1 shows a partial schematic plan view from above of a plant made according to the invention;
- figure 2 shows, in enlarged scale, a detail of one of the tiles represented in figure 1;
- figure 3 shows a frontal view of figure 2;
- figure 4 shows a schematic lateral view from the left of figure 2;
- figures 5 and 6 show in enalrged scale, two details of figure 1 relative to two different embodiments of the invention;
- figure 7 shows, in small scale, a schematic section made according to line VII-VII of figure 11;
- figure 8 shows a view from above of a second embodiment of the invention;
- figure 9 shows a view from below of the plain hollow tile of figure 8;
- figure 10 shows a section view of the plain hollow tile of figure 8, along line X-X of figure 8;
- figure 11 shows a lateral view of a plain hollow tile according to the invention inside the roller hearth kiln, including part of the overlapping bend of the successive hollow plain tile inserted;
- figure 12 shows a view of a section of a Roman tile according to the invention inside the roller hearth kiln, including part of the overlapping bend and with the successive Roman tile inserted;
- figure 13 shows a view of a section of a plain barrel tile according to the invention inside the roller hearth kiln, including part of the overlapping bend of the successive plain barrel tile inserted;
- figure 14 shows a view of a section of another hollow plain tile according to the invention, including part of the overlapping bend of the successive hollow plain tile inserted.
- According to one arrangement mode, the
tiles 1, laid with theirrelative ribs 12 on therollers 3, are consecutively coupled one to the next in such a way that the lateral overlappingedge 13 of asingle tile 1 is inserted into thejoint seating 14 of the immediately followingtile 1. This arrangement, represnted in figure 6, reproduces the configuration which will be used when the tiles are actually laid on a roof.
The coupling of thetiles 1 to form a chain can be easily realised according to the embodiment shown in figure 5, by means of the use of projectingelements 15 in the form of a shelf from the lateral edge of eachsingle tile 1 opposite to the lateral overlappingedge 13. Theelements 15, for example two in number, exhibit two prongs at their ends which describejoint seatings 16 for coupling with thelateral overlapping edges 13.
The presence of the projectingelements 15 made on the piece does not prejudice the functionality of thetile 1 and allows an ordered line oftiles 1 to be created, in which the lateral overlappingedge 13 of atile 1 can rest couplingly on theelements 15 of the followingtile 1 without interfering with the zones of the functional elements of thetile 1 itself, that is, without being and remaining directly coupled and inserted, during the firing phase, in thejoint seating 14 which is destined to receive the lateral overlappingedge 13 when laid. The arrangement realises, thanks to the presence of theribs 12 and the possiblity of the lateral overlapping edges' 13 stable resting of thesingle tiles 1 arranged in a line and coupled one consecutively to the other on any roller conveyor, and thus, in particular, on the roller planes usually used in roller hearth kilns for firing ceramic materials. The stability of the arrangement adopted is such that thetiles 1 maintain, during the firing process, together with a correct orientation with respect to the rollers, also all the characteristics of shape and function that are indispensable for their correct functioning when laid.
The advantages obtainable by the use of the invention are evident, with respect to firing systems in the prior art.
In figures 8 to 10 a preferred example of a pressed roof tile according to the invention is shown. - The tile comprises a
central zone 101 and by an overlappingbend 102. On the bottom side there are three runningribs 103 arranged transversally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the tile, withhorizontal laying planes 104 for resting on the rollers of a roller hearth kiln. The length of the layingplanes 104 of theribs 103, at least on the side of the head and the foot of the tile, is greater than double the axial distance between two rollers of the roller hearth kiln. The runningribs 103 further comprise byinclined surfaces 105 for easy insertion on the rollers of the roller hearth kiln. - On the superior side of the tile, in the area of the
longitudinal edge 106 of the tile, on the opposite side from the overlappingbend 102, a layingsurface 107 is envisaged for the externalinferior edge 108 of the overlappingbend 109 of a similar tile. The layingsurface 107 is provided with twoprojections 109 on the opposite side from the overlappingbend 102, whichprojections 109 are formed on thelongitudinal edge 106 of the tile opposite to the overlappingbend 102. Each of theprojections 109 further exhibits a lockingrib 110 projecting from the layingplane 107, which guarantees a perfect blocking of two tiles when the layingsurface 107 and the inferior edge of the overlappingbend 108 of an adjacent tile is arranged on the layingplane 107.
The runningribs 103 on the side of the head and on the side of the foot of the tile with a relative laying surface are continued on the inferior side of theprojections 109 up to the external edges of the projections. Further, these tworibs 103 are arranged in such a way as not to interfere with either the roof beams or the covering.
In the case of pressed and glazed tiles, both the inferior edge of the overlappingbend 108 and the layingsurface 107 are kept free of glaze, so that the pieces cannot become glued together during firing.
Figure 11 shows a hollow plain tile according to the invention, as described with respect to figures from 8 to 10, with a view of the foot of one tile with the overlapping bend of the successive tile at the moment of the passage through the kiln.
Figure 12 shows a section of a Roman tile according to the invention, with the overlappingbend 102 of the adjacent Roman tile laying on it during the passage through the roller hearth kiln. The Roman tile is distinct from the hollow plain tile described in figures from 8 to 11 because it does not exhibitprojections 109, but rather is provided with an according layingsurface 111 for the inferior edge of the overlappingbend 102 adjacent to a lateralupper rib 112. All of the other characteristics correspond to those described for figures from 8 to 11.
Figure 13 shows a plain barrel tile according to the invention in a similar view to the Roman tile of figure 12. Noprojections 109 are envisaged here, and the layingsurface 111 of the inferior projection of the overlappingbend 108 is formed by the bottom of the external lateral groove.
Finally, figure 14 shows a hollow plain tile according to the invention, shown like the Roman tile of figure 12 and the plain barrel tile of figure 13. This hollow plain tile also has noprojections 109. The layingsurface 111 for theinferior edge 108 of the overlappingbend 102 is structured as the bottom of an external lateral groove situated lower, adjacent to the lateralupper rib 112.
For the first pressed tile of a line of tiles passing through a kiln an additional laying surface can be provided for theexternal projection 108 of its overlappingbend 102, on a separate shaped ceramic piece (not illustrated).
Both the layingsurface 107 and the layingsurface 111 of the inferior projection of the overlappingbend 108 are structured and arranged in such a way as not to lead, during firing in a roller hearth kiln, to an overload of the material.
Another possible alternative is to arrange theribs 103 longitudinally with respect to the tile and to equip the roller hearth kiln with additional support rollers for theinferior edge 108 of the overlappingbend 102 at least in the softening zone of the roller hearth kiln.
In the accompanying figures, 1 denotes a tile of the type known as a Portuguese tile or Roman tile, characterised in that it has a quite complex geometrical shape. It belongs to tile typologies that can be schematically defined, from the geometrical point of view, as being constituted by a curved part, similar to a cover, connected with a flatter part. The curved part has an edge for coupling and superposing it on the corresponding flat zone, which can joint with another, contiguous tile.
The
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Claims (20)
- A method for firing tiles in roller-hearth kilns, characterised in that the tiles (1) are predisposed directly on a roller plane (2) of a roller-hearth kiln (4); each of the tiles (1) being provided, at at least one part of a soffit, with auxiliary rest means to identify an ideal rest plane thanks to which plane various projecting elements, such as hooking projections (10), joint ribs (11) and the like, are situated not below the laying plane; the said means being geometrically configured in such a way that the said rest plane identified is continuous at least according to a pre-established direction.
- A method as in claim 1, characterised in that the said rest means comprise on one part of the soffit of each said tile (1) at least two ribs (12) identifying an ideal rest plane and being arranged parallel to an advancement direction of the tile (1) resting on the roller plane (2).
- A method as in claim 2, characterised in that a length of the ribs (12) is equal to at least double a length of an interaxis between tew contiguous rollers (3) of the roller plane (2).
- A method as in claim 3, characterised in that the tiles (1) are arranged on the roller plane (2) resting on it by means of the ribs (12) and constrained one to another to form a chain through a reciprocal coupling between opposite lateral edges of the tiles (1).
- A method as in claim 4, characterised in that the coupling between the opposite lateral edges of the tiles (1) is obtained by resting one overlapping edge (13) of a tile (1) on at least one projecting element in a shelf (15) shape, specially made at the opposite lateral edge to the lateral overlapping edge (13) of an identical tile (1) located contiguously to the first.
- A method as in claim 4, characterised in that the coupling between the said opposite lateral edges of the tiles (1) is made by resting the overlapping edge (13) of one tile (1) in a joint seating (14) which, in an identical tile (1) situated contiguously, is made in proximity to an opposite lateral edge to the edge (13) to permit of coupling the tiles (1) during a laying operation.
- A roof tile for carrying out the method of the preceding claims, made by pressing with a ceramic mixture characterised in that:- on a bottom side of the tile (1) at least two reinforcing ribs (103) are provided for resting the tile (1) on the rollers of a roller-hearth kiln, and- on an upper side of the tile (1), and in the area of a longitudinal edge (106) of the overlapping bend (102), there is provided a laying plane (107, 111) for an external inferior projection (108) of the overlapping bend (102) of an identical contiguous tile (1).
- A pressed roof tile according to claim 7, characterised in that the length of the laying planes (104) of at least two ribs (103) is greater than an axial distance between two rollers of the roller-hearth kiln.
- A pressed roof tile as in claim 7 or 8, characterised in that three or more running ribs (103) are provided.
- A pressed roof tile according to any one of the claims from 7 to 9, characterised in that the running ribs (103) are arranged in such a way as not to hit against beams on a roof, nor disturb a roof covering.
- A pressed roof tile according to any one of the claims from 7 to 10, characterised in that the laying plane (107) for the inferior edge (108) of the overlapping bend (102) is formed on two projections (109) on the longitudinal edge (106) of a tile (106) on an opposite side from the overlapping bend (102).
- A pressed roof tile according to cllaim 11 or 12, characterised in that the projections (109) exhibit a locking rib (110) projecting from the laying plane (104).
- A pressed roof tile according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the running ribs (103) are continued on a bottom side of the projections (109).
- A pressed roof tile according to one of claims from 7 to 10, characterised in that the laying plane (111) for the inferior edge (108) of the overlapping bend (102) is formed directly adjacent to a lateral upper rib (112).
- A pressed glazed roof tile according to any one of claims 7 to 14, characterised in that the inferior edge (108) of the overlapping bend (102) and the laying plane (107, 111) therefor are kept free of glaze.
- A pressed roof tile according to any one of the claims from 7 to 15, characterized in that an additional laying surface of the external inferior edge (108) of the overlapping bend (102) is provided on a separate shaped ceramic piece.
- A pressed roof tile according to any ne of claims 7 to 16, characterized in that the running ribs (103) extend in transversal direction of the tile.
- A pressed roof tile according to any one of claims 7 to 16, characterised in that the running ribs (103) extend in longitudinal direction of the tile.
- A pressed roof tile according to claim 18, characterised in that the inferior edge (108) of the overlapping bend (102) is formed for resting on additional support rollers of the roller hearth kiln.
- A pressed roof tile according to claim 19, characterised in that the inferior edge (108) of the overlapping bend (102) is formed for resting on additional support rollers of the roller hearth kiln only in a softening zone thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITMO920122 | 1992-09-15 | ||
ITMO920122A IT1259997B (en) | 1992-09-15 | 1992-09-15 | Method of baking tiles in roller-type ovens |
DE9212961U DE9212961U1 (en) | 1992-09-25 | 1992-09-25 | |
DE9212961U | 1992-09-25 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0588773A1 true EP0588773A1 (en) | 1994-03-23 |
EP0588773B1 EP0588773B1 (en) | 1999-12-01 |
Family
ID=25959975
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93830372A Expired - Lifetime EP0588773B1 (en) | 1992-09-15 | 1993-09-13 | A method for firing roof tiles in roller hearth kilns and a pressed roof tile for carrying out the method |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0588773B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH06200593A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1080868C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE187242T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69327143T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2141757T3 (en) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE66526C (en) * | H. BOLZE & CO. in Braunschweig | Interlocking tiles | ||
FR347501A (en) * | 1904-10-28 | 1905-03-13 | Gentil Soc | Partially glazed ceramic tiles, allowing firing by stacking |
US2762618A (en) * | 1951-06-18 | 1956-09-11 | Thermal Res And Engineering Co | Billet heating furnace |
US3830625A (en) * | 1973-09-17 | 1974-08-20 | Ceramic Tile Co | Method and apparatus for fast firing glazed ceramic tile trim |
GB2018962A (en) * | 1978-03-24 | 1979-10-24 | Welko Ind Spa | Method and apparatus for protecting ceramic tiles or the like and refractory rollers in a rollers in a roller tunnelike and refractory rollers in a rollers in a roller tunnelkiln |
DE9212961U1 (en) * | 1992-09-25 | 1992-11-26 | Teichgraeber Gmbh, 8011 Grasbrunn, De | |
EP0519212A1 (en) * | 1991-06-19 | 1992-12-23 | Ceric Anlagenbau GmbH | Roofing tiles and process for their production |
DE4200012A1 (en) * | 1992-01-02 | 1993-07-08 | Erlus Baustoffwerke | Interlocking roof tile with transverse ribs on undersurface - which facilitate transport on roller conveyor through firing kiln |
-
1993
- 1993-09-13 EP EP93830372A patent/EP0588773B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-13 ES ES93830372T patent/ES2141757T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-13 DE DE69327143T patent/DE69327143T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-13 AT AT93830372T patent/ATE187242T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-14 CN CN93119058A patent/CN1080868C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-16 JP JP5253754A patent/JPH06200593A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE66526C (en) * | H. BOLZE & CO. in Braunschweig | Interlocking tiles | ||
FR347501A (en) * | 1904-10-28 | 1905-03-13 | Gentil Soc | Partially glazed ceramic tiles, allowing firing by stacking |
US2762618A (en) * | 1951-06-18 | 1956-09-11 | Thermal Res And Engineering Co | Billet heating furnace |
US3830625A (en) * | 1973-09-17 | 1974-08-20 | Ceramic Tile Co | Method and apparatus for fast firing glazed ceramic tile trim |
GB2018962A (en) * | 1978-03-24 | 1979-10-24 | Welko Ind Spa | Method and apparatus for protecting ceramic tiles or the like and refractory rollers in a rollers in a roller tunnelike and refractory rollers in a rollers in a roller tunnelkiln |
EP0519212A1 (en) * | 1991-06-19 | 1992-12-23 | Ceric Anlagenbau GmbH | Roofing tiles and process for their production |
DE4200012A1 (en) * | 1992-01-02 | 1993-07-08 | Erlus Baustoffwerke | Interlocking roof tile with transverse ribs on undersurface - which facilitate transport on roller conveyor through firing kiln |
DE9212961U1 (en) * | 1992-09-25 | 1992-11-26 | Teichgraeber Gmbh, 8011 Grasbrunn, De |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0588773B1 (en) | 1999-12-01 |
DE69327143D1 (en) | 2000-01-05 |
CN1080868C (en) | 2002-03-13 |
JPH06200593A (en) | 1994-07-19 |
ATE187242T1 (en) | 1999-12-15 |
CN1089676A (en) | 1994-07-20 |
DE69327143T2 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
ES2141757T3 (en) | 2000-04-01 |
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