EP0584649A1 - Circuit pour dispositifs électro-acoustiques - Google Patents

Circuit pour dispositifs électro-acoustiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0584649A1
EP0584649A1 EP93112858A EP93112858A EP0584649A1 EP 0584649 A1 EP0584649 A1 EP 0584649A1 EP 93112858 A EP93112858 A EP 93112858A EP 93112858 A EP93112858 A EP 93112858A EP 0584649 A1 EP0584649 A1 EP 0584649A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
echo
amplifier
password
signal
circuit arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93112858A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0584649B1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Walker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel SEL AG
Alcatel NV
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0584649A1 publication Critical patent/EP0584649A1/fr
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Publication of EP0584649B1 publication Critical patent/EP0584649B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/02—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for preventing acoustic reaction, i.e. acoustic oscillatory feedback

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit arrangement for electroacoustic systems for echo cancellation according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a circuit arrangement is known for example from DE-OS 27 21 984. This is particularly suitable for a hands-free device for telephones, so that a conversation is possible even without using the handset. Since the signals sent by subscriber A are reproduced by subscriber B via the loudspeaker, they also reach the microphone of subscriber B via the air gap and thus back to the sending subscriber A. A possible feedback whistle is prevented by the applied dynamic control. Depending on the signal level in both transmission paths, the amplifiers provided in these are controlled in such a way that when the gain is increased in one transmission path, for example in the transmission branch, the gain in the other transmission path, for example the receiver branch, is reduced. In addition to this known circuit arrangement, among other things circuit arrangements are also known for hands-free calling based on the system of so-called voice-controlled scales. These also reduce the gain in the other transmission path when the gain in one transmission path is increased.
  • the time constants with which the increase and decrease of the amplification in the two transmission paths are carried out are designed so that no disturbing echo signal can be heard. These are chosen so that a non-disturbing echo signal may occur during the speech phase, since this is covered by the speech level; however, it must not occur or continue after the end of the speaking phase and after the hearing threshold of the human ear has dropped only a short time after a sound event.
  • the attenuation is adjusted so that echo signals occurring in the time range determined by the duration of a transmission signal until the hearing threshold drops significantly are not perceived as disturbing. This time range therefore extends from the beginning to the end of a transmission signal, a short time after that, which is chosen in accordance with the time when the hearing threshold of the human ear drops significantly.
  • Echo blocks are provided if the echo delay in one direction is greater than 25 ms.
  • the present invention is concerned with the task of designing a terminal with conventional echo suppression in the form of feedback attenuation that is effective in the time domain of transmission signals in such a way that the terminal can also be used for modern transmission technologies, e.g. using satellites as a relay station or for transmissions with the 2 Mbit / s codec etc., can be used without any problems or can be easily retrofitted.
  • This object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1. This makes it possible to suppress an echo or To enable echo reduction to no longer disturbing levels even if a subscriber connection is established over long transmission distances or, for example, several relay stations. It is known that the transit times of the various transmission devices have fixed values. For example, the runtime is up to 200 ms when using the 2 Mbit / s codec or about 350 ms in one direction via a satellite, for example. Since the participants generally do not know which transmission paths are used for the switching, the participant in whom echo signals occur as a result of long running and / or echo running times can now dampen or suppress them individually, or they are in the terminal or in this and in a switching center or central office or a relay station etc.
  • Means are provided which recommend or carry out an additional echo suppression on the terminal side if the transit time is recognized or defined as disturbing.
  • means can be provided in the terminal which detect a password issued by the terminal itself or by a central office or a satellite etc. and effect the switchover to additional echo suppression in the terminal or indicate to the subscriber that such a switchover is expedient and by him should be done. This enables hands-free speaking in practically all transmission cases.
  • 1 denotes a terminal of a subscriber A for a communication system, which has a microphone 3 and a transmission amplifier 4 in the transmission branch 2 and a reception amplifier 6 and a loudspeaker 7 in the reception branch 5.
  • Transmitting amplifier 4 and receiving amplifier 6 are coupled to one another via a control device 8 and together form a hands-free device 9, which is represented by the dashed line.
  • the control device 8 contains, for example, several amplifiers and a comparator and compares that in the transmission branch 2 occurring transmission level with the reception level occurring in reception branch 5. It controls the transmitter amplifier 4 in a manner known per se in a compander application or, in the case of using a voice-controlled balance, the transmitter amplifier 4 and the receiver amplifier 6 in opposite directions and thus enables hands-free speaking.
  • the signal sent by A at B is coupled from the loudspeaker via the air and possibly via the housing of the terminal device at B to the microphone and to the subscriber A sent back.
  • the transit times of the return signals are so short and the attenuation set such that they are covered by the speech level of the sending subscriber.
  • Hands-free devices of terminal devices are normally already set by the manufacturer such that, at the optimum loudspeaker level, the rejection attenuation causes the rejection signal to drop to a non-disturbing level in the time range of a transmission signal.
  • the transit times become so long that the return signal as an echo only arrives or the return signal only ends when the sending subscriber is finished Shipment has already ended. Since the attenuation is chosen only so large that the auditory signal is no longer perceived as disturbing during the speaking phase until the hearing threshold of the human ear has subsided, it is clearly perceived as reverberation or echo over long periods of time.
  • echo cancellers In order to effectively suppress such echoes, it is known to provide, for example, so-called echo cancellers. In terms of circuitry, however, these can only be implemented with great effort and are therefore expensive. They are therefore not used in the end devices usually used.
  • the end devices according to the invention offer the possibility of performing long-term echo attenuation at low cost.
  • This can be installed in the terminal 1 right away or the terminal 1 can be retrofitted inexpensively, e.g. with a retrofit module.
  • a switch 10 can be provided, with which a subscriber can increase the attenuation of the reverberation when an echo signal occurs that does not occur in the time range that extends from the transmission signal to the hearing threshold of the human ear after a sound event .
  • the stroke of the possible gain change of the transmission amplifier 4 or the amplification factor of the transmission amplifier 4 and / or the reception amplifier 6 is influenced directly or indirectly, that is, for example, increased so that the interfering echo is completely suppressed or to a level that is no longer disturbing is lowered.
  • This operating state is referred to below as "echo operation”
  • normal operation the usual operating state with echo signals covered by the transmission signal
  • a step switch can be provided for stepwise changing the stroke of the amplifiers 4, 6.
  • a potentiometer e.g. an electromechanical or electronic potentiometer can be provided, with which the stroke can be changed continuously. This enables an optimal individual adaptation to occurring echoes with different echo delays.
  • a display device 10.1 is advantageously provided which indicates to the user whether a switchover to echo operation has been carried out.
  • the display can be visual and / or acoustic. It can e.g. are controlled or actuated by the switch 10 or by the control device 8.
  • control circuit or control device 10.2 is also expediently provided, which when the terminal is switched off, e.g. at the end of a call or when the transmission line Ü is switched on or on again automatically switches from a previously switched echo mode to normal mode.
  • This control device 10.2 can be integrated in the display device 10.1.
  • the hands-free device 9 is equipped with a e.g. subsequently installed control unit 11 for controlling the system parameters of the hands-free device 9. With this it is e.g. possible to change the slope of the characteristic curve and thus the response threshold of the hands-free system.
  • the effect of the control unit 11 is e.g. via the switch 10 simple or stepwise or e.g. Can be controlled continuously via a potentiometer.
  • the hands-free device 9 of a terminal 1 has a Echo propagation time measuring unit 12 can be set to different feedback attenuation values.
  • the measuring unit 12 detects transmission and corresponding return or echo signals from the transmission branch 2 and from the reception branch 5.
  • Control signals are provided from the echo signals and / or the measured transit times, by means of which the attenuation values of the hands-free device 9 can be switched or adjusted in steps or continuously depending on the transit time, so that echo signals occurring outside the time range of transmission signals are suppressed or reduced to no longer disturbing levels.
  • a display device 10.1. be provided.
  • the display device 10.1 can be controlled by the measuring unit 12 and e.g. display the actual state and / or the target state for the echo operation. In the first case it is shown whether the device is in the "Echo mode” operating state and in the second case whether the "Echo mode” operating state should be switched on.
  • the switchover can take place individually or automatically via the measuring unit 12.
  • a switch back from "echo mode” to "normal mode” can take place via the measuring unit 12 if no special control device 10.2. is provided.
  • FIG. 4 shows a detailed block diagram of a circuit for a terminal 1 with a hands-free device 9, which is based on the compander principle.
  • the possible control of the characteristic curve of the compander 13 in the transmission branch 2 with the compressor part 14 and the expander part 15 also takes place here as a function of the occurrence of an echo signal lying outside the time range mentioned.
  • the compressor part 14 comprises an adder 16, at one input 17 of which the input signal voltage U 1 sent by the microphone 3 is present. Its output voltage U3 is at the input of a inverting amplifier 18, which corresponds to the transmit amplifier 4 of FIG. 1. The latter supplies the output signal voltage U2 of the transmission branch 2. This is applied to a transmission line Ü and to the one input 19 of a multiplier 20, the output voltage U5 of which is present at the second input 21 of the adder.
  • the input signal voltage U 1 is passed through a rectifier 22, which can be preceded by a high-pass 22.1 and / or a low-pass filter, as a rectified input signal voltage / U 1 / to the one input 23 of a maximum value detector 24, the output voltage U x of which is via a low-pass 25 is supplied as the control voltage U des to the second input 26 of the multiplier 20.
  • the expander part 15 contains a high pass or preferably a band pass 27 for the speech frequency range, e.g. from 100 Hz to 7 kHz.
  • the output signal voltage U2 At its input is the output signal voltage U2, which is applied on the output side via an active rectifier 28 as a rectified control voltage / U2 / to the inverting input 29 of a controllable amplifier 30.
  • the second input 31 of the amplifier 30 is an individually or automatically variable control voltage U6 for shifting the characteristic of the compander 13, i.e. to adjust the response threshold of the expander e.g. to noise.
  • the output voltage U7 of the amplifier 30 is applied to a second input 32 of the maximum value detector 24.
  • the controllable amplifier 30 can be controlled individually.
  • the receiving branch 5 is at the input of an equalizer 33, the received signal voltage U10. Its output voltage U11 is connected to an input 34 of a receiving amplifier designed as a multiplier 35, at whose second input 36 the output voltage U1 U of an attenuator 37 which can be controlled via a volume actuator is present.
  • an adjustable control voltage U 1 applied to an input 38 of the attenuator 37 is used to adjust the volume of the loudspeaker 7 driven by the multiplier 35.
  • the other input 39 is supplied with the control voltage U 1, which is also present at the non-inverting input 31 of the amplifier 30.
  • the output voltage U12 of the multiplier 35 is the speaker 7 and a controllable attenuator 40 and possibly a high-pass filter 40.1 and a subsequent rectifier 41 as a control voltage U13 or as its mean / U13 / a third input 42 of the maximum value detector 24 is supplied.
  • the output signal voltage U.sub.2 output from the adder 16 and the amplifier 18 and the control voltage U.sub.4 generated from the mean value / U.sub.1 / corresponding to the input signal U.sub.1 / and the low-pass filter 25 generate the control voltage U.sub.30 via the multiplier 20.
  • the starting point of the compression can be set via the control voltage U6. It is, depending on the change of U6, shifted to the left or right as long as the level of the Upannung dependent output voltage U7 of the amplifier 30 is both greater than the mean / U1 / the input signal voltage U1 and the mean / U13 / the control voltage U13 am Input 42 of the maximum value detector 24.
  • the level of the negative feedback voltage U5 thereby generated via the control voltage U4 and the multiplier 20 causes the compression of U2.
  • the range of the expansion is predetermined by the modulation of the amplifier 30 by the average output from the active rectifier 28 to the negative input 29 of the amplifier 30 / U2 / the output signal voltage U2. This results, for example, in the line of the characteristic curve area for the expansion which is fully drawn in FIGS. 5 and 6. Small signal voltages U1 cause a low output voltage / U2 / and thus a slight influence on U6. As the voltage / U2 / increases, the voltage U7 decreases as a result of the smaller difference between / U2 / and U6, as a result of which an increase in amplification is achieved in the region of FIG. 5 designated "expansion".
  • the characteristic curve is changed in the expansion range, for example via a switch 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 or a switch in FIG. 3, for example Measuring unit 12 shown or other suitable means realized.
  • the adjustability is indicated by arrow 43 indicated in the circuit diagram of the amplifier 30.
  • the section of the expansion area can be changed, for example, in accordance with the characteristic curve shown in dotted lines in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the stroke of the expansion range of the hands-free device can thus be increased to larger echo and interference noise levels and thus also a long-term echo, ie an echo occurring outside the time range, can be sufficiently suppressed.
  • control voltage U z is applied to a control input of the amplifier 30 via a switch 10 or a measuring unit 12. It is simultaneously fed via an inverter 44 to an adder 45, to which the control voltage U Add is also fed and its output with the positive input 31 of the amplifier 30 is connected.
  • the gain factor of the amplifier 30 can therefore be changed with the control voltage U z .
  • the control voltage U6 is driven in opposite directions by U z and supplied to the input 31 of the amplifier 30 as a modified control voltage U6 '. This can be achieved through suitable dimensioning that the expansion range (stroke, arrow 46) can be changed without a shift in the characteristic curve (transverse shift, arrow 47).
  • a further possibility of long-term echo suppression is to provide a voice-controlled scale 48 for a terminal 1 with a hands-free device 9 between the latter and the transmission channel.
  • This consists, in a manner known per se, of a transmission amplifier 49 and a reception amplifier 50, each of which has a measuring device 51 and 52 and assigned to the transmission branch 2 and the reception branch 5 can be controlled in phase opposition via a threshold switch or comparator 53 and an amplifier 54 controlled by the latter.
  • the voice-controlled scale 48 can optionally be switched on and off individually or automatically. If the scale 48 is switched on continuously, it is expediently designed such that the control stroke can be varied between zero or approximately zero and a value corresponding to the delay time depending on the delay time (echo time) (cf. FIG. 9).
  • the curve shape is advantageously chosen so that a significant increase in attenuation sets in or is present when the hearing threshold, as can be seen in FIG. 8, decays after the end of an acoustic signal, that is to say in the "post-masking" range.
  • the change in the characteristic curve takes place when analog circuits are used by changing the gain in the expander circuit 15.
  • the system parameters in the expander area are changed by appropriate algorithms.
  • a transmitted signal e.g. a password or code compared to the corresponding retransmitted signal.
  • a control signal is derived from the comparison value, which is used to control e.g. a display device 10.1 for indicating whether an echo has to be damped and / or for controlling the transmission amplifier VS or 4 or 18 or 49 and / or the reception amplifier VE or 6 or 50 for the purpose of changing the amplification factor thereof.
  • a terminal 1 can be provided with a code identification device 55, as indicated in FIG. 1 by the hatched rectangle.
  • This code identifier 55 can be one of one from the received signal Recognize another participant or a station or a satellite sent password, which corresponds to a constant signal delay time (long-term echo), for example the distance of the transmitter from the receiver or a relay station etc. or the running time of a transmission system.
  • a control signal U c is fed to the display device 10.1 and / or the control device 8 or also the switch 10 or other actuating means and a corresponding additional echo attenuation is set.
  • the stations, satellites etc. are also terminal devices a code transmitter.
  • the latter When a signal is sent, the latter outputs the code which is associated with a known distance or transit time and thus a known echo transit time and which causes the aforementioned echo attenuation or switchover to echo operation in the terminal.
  • the stations, substations, satellites, etc. have means which modify the code to be transmitted in such a way that the terminal or another receiving unit or station, etc., the additional echo attenuation corresponding to the longer runtime in accordance with the modified code or password sets.
  • the modification can be carried out, for example, in such a way that the transmitting station adds its own to a received password or adds or appends additional information or forms and sends a new password corresponding to the total runtime from the received password and the own password.
  • the exemplary embodiments relate to terminal devices in communication technology
  • the invention can be successfully applied to all types of electroacoustic systems which have a transmission branch with a microphone input and a reception branch with a loudspeaker output and in which acoustic feedback can occur and ambient noise etc. can occur.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)
  • Interconnected Communication Systems, Intercoms, And Interphones (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
EP93112858A 1992-08-27 1993-08-11 Circuit pour dispositifs électro-acoustiques Expired - Lifetime EP0584649B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4228479A DE4228479A1 (de) 1992-08-27 1992-08-27 Schaltungsanordnung für elektroakustische Anlagen
DE4228479 1992-08-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0584649A1 true EP0584649A1 (fr) 1994-03-02
EP0584649B1 EP0584649B1 (fr) 1997-12-03

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EP93112858A Expired - Lifetime EP0584649B1 (fr) 1992-08-27 1993-08-11 Circuit pour dispositifs électro-acoustiques

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EP (1) EP0584649B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE160915T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4228479A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2111670T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19650410C1 (de) * 1996-12-05 1998-05-07 Deutsche Telekom Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Stör- und Echounterdrückung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0453293A2 (fr) * 1990-04-19 1991-10-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Appareil adaptatif au champ sonore
EP0467499A2 (fr) * 1990-07-16 1992-01-22 Pioneer Electronic Corporation Appareil audio avec fonction de suppression de réaction acoustique
GB2249852A (en) * 1990-10-29 1992-05-20 Sandia Corp Circuit for echo and noise suppression of acoustic signals transmitted through a drillstring

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0453293A2 (fr) * 1990-04-19 1991-10-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Appareil adaptatif au champ sonore
EP0467499A2 (fr) * 1990-07-16 1992-01-22 Pioneer Electronic Corporation Appareil audio avec fonction de suppression de réaction acoustique
GB2249852A (en) * 1990-10-29 1992-05-20 Sandia Corp Circuit for echo and noise suppression of acoustic signals transmitted through a drillstring

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0584649B1 (fr) 1997-12-03
DE59307766D1 (de) 1998-01-15
ATE160915T1 (de) 1997-12-15
DE4228479A1 (de) 1994-03-03
ES2111670T3 (es) 1998-03-16

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