EP0582637B1 - Microstrip line/waveguide transition - Google Patents

Microstrip line/waveguide transition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0582637B1
EP0582637B1 EP92910228A EP92910228A EP0582637B1 EP 0582637 B1 EP0582637 B1 EP 0582637B1 EP 92910228 A EP92910228 A EP 92910228A EP 92910228 A EP92910228 A EP 92910228A EP 0582637 B1 EP0582637 B1 EP 0582637B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
antenna
wave
cavity
conductor
guide
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0582637A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Luc Alanic
Philippe Dupuis
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CENTRE REGIONAL D'INNOVATION ET DE TRANSFERT DE TECHNOLOGIE EN ELECTRONIQUE ET COMMUNICATIONS (CRITT)
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CENTRE REGIONAL D'INNOVATION ET DE TRANSFERT DE TECHNOLOGIE EN ELECTRONIQUE ET COMMUNICATIONS (CRITT)
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced with unbalanced lines or devices
    • H01P5/107—Hollow-waveguide/strip-line transitions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microstrip line / waveguide transition, in particular between an antenna of the plate antenna type with microstrip lines and a waveguide or a resonant cavity.
  • a microstrip line penetrates laterally in the waveguide and parallel to its end wall by a channel provided in its side wall. The position of this channel in the side wall is such that the microstrip line inside the waveguide acts as a probe which excites the main modes of propagation of the waveguide.
  • Patent document DE-A-2 421 795 describes a transition in which the excitation element of the waveguide is an antenna. The supply of this antenna is done by a line which enters there also laterally in the waveguide.
  • the planned transition is provided, inside a resonant cavity, with a loop of relatively small dimension compared to a quarter of the length of the wave guided in the guide waves.
  • the supply of this loop can be done through a passage provided in the end wall of the waveguide.
  • the patent document US-A-3 483 489 describes a transition for the coupling of a waveguide to a tape circuit.
  • a screw which opens perpendicularly into the waveguide and which is intended to be supported, by its end, on the end of a tape circuit conductor. The end of this screw allows the electromagnetic coupling of the tape circuit to the waveguide.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a transition which is furthermore a technology which is simple to implement.
  • a plate antenna 1 comprising, on the upper face of a substrate 2, radiating elements 3 and their supply lines 4 of the microstrip line type. It is, for example, manufactured by the printed circuit technique.
  • the substrate 2 can be, for example. made of a polypropylene type material.
  • the antenna 1 is supplied at a point A located on a supply line 5.
  • a sole 6 intended to receive, on its upper surface, the antenna 1. It is, for example, made of epoxy glass and has its two faces which are respectively covered with metal layers 7 and 8 brought to ground potential .
  • the layer 7 of the upper face of the sole 6 constitutes a ground plane for the antenna 1 when the latter is mounted on the sole 2.
  • the sole 6 is provided with a cylindrical hole 9, the internal wall of which is also metallized.
  • a base 10 In contact with the layer 8 on the underside of the sole 6, a base 10 is provided, consisting of a parallelepiped metal block provided, at the centers of its two horizontal surfaces, with a recess 11 also parallelepiped and passing through go.
  • the base 10 is mounted on the sole 6 so that the hole 9 opens into the volume generated by the recess 11 in the base 10.
  • the base 10 is intended to receive a waveguide or a resonance cavity 12 and is part of it.
  • the internal volume of the waveguide or of the cavity 12 is of the same section as that of the recess 11, that is to say rectangular.
  • the face 12 ′ of the waveguide or of the cavity 12 which is in the plane of FIG. 2 is a side face of small width compared to the faces 12 "perpendicular to them and which are wide side faces of the waveguide.
  • waveguide will be used to designate either a waveguide or a resonant cavity.
  • FIG. 1 shows the antenna with its substrate 2 and a feed line 4, the sole 6 with its upper 7 and lower 8 metal layers and its metallized hole 9 as well as the base 10 and part of the guide d 'waves 12.
  • the microstrip line / waveguide transition of the present invention is carried out by a metallic conductor 13 which has one end in galvanic contact with the feed line 4 of the antenna 1 at point A shown in FIG. 1 and the second end inside the waveguide 12, as will be seen later. It first crosses, in the direction of its thickness, the substrate 2 of the antenna 1 then, in the same direction passing through the hole 9, the sole 6.
  • the hole 9 contains a dielectric material of the same kind as the material constituting the substrate 2.
  • the filling of the hole 9 in the sole 6 can be obtained by pressing a layer of polypropylene on the sole 6, said layer then serving as a substrate 2 for the antenna.
  • the diameter of the hole 9 in the sole 6 and the diameter of the conductor 13 are such that the connection between the antenna and the waveguide is of the coaxial type, the characteristic impedance of which is predetermined.
  • This impedance is, for example, 50 Ohms. This makes it possible to prevent the antenna / waveguide transition from disturbing the operation of the antenna in the form of parasitic radiation originating from diffractions at point A of the antenna supply.
  • the conductor 13 then opens into the volume generated by the recess 11 of the base 10.
  • the part of the metal layer 8 which is located inside the recess 11 of the base 10 constitutes an end wall 14 of the waveguide formed by the base 10 and the guide 12 itself.
  • the conductor 13 therefore opens, inside this waveguide, through the wall 14. substantially in the center of the latter.
  • the second end of the conductor 13 is in galvanic contact with the body of the base 10 substantially in the middle of the wide lower lateral edge 15 formed by the recess 11. It is pinched between the base 10 and the waveguide 12.
  • the point of contact of the conductor 13 with the base 10 is approximately ⁇ g / 4 from the layer 8 constituting the end wall 14 of the waveguide, ⁇ g being the length of the wave guided in the waveguide 12.
  • the thickness of the base 10 is substantially equal to ⁇ g 4.
  • the end of the conductor 13 is in galvanic contact with a wide lateral face 12 "of the waveguide 12 and that the plane which contains it is perpendicular to this face 12".
  • the conductor 13 is biased in the interior volume generated by the recess 11 in the base 10.
  • it has the shape of an arc of a circle with the convexity turned towards the inside of the waveguide 12. It could also include a 90 ° bend.
  • a screw 16 for adjusting the tuning frequency of the waveguide 12 is provided substantially in the center of the side wall 17 of the recess 11 which is opposite to that which receives the conductor 13.
  • the conductor 13 opens into the volume generated by the recess 11 of the base 10 slightly offset, in the median plane of the base 10, towards the side wall 17 of the recess 11 which is opposite to that which receives the end of the conductor 13.
  • the height of the base 10 is 4 mm
  • the width of the recess 11 of the base 10 corresponding to the width of the waveguide 12 and to the distance between the wall 17 and the wall which receives the end of the conductor 13 is 4.3 mm
  • the diameter of the conductor 13 is 0.65 mm
  • the diameter of the hole 9 in the sole 6 is 2.3 mm.
  • Fig. 4 shows the curve of the reflection coefficient expressed in decibels as a function of the operating frequency obtained with an antenna 1 equipped with such a transition.
  • the measuring device is connected in place of the waveguide 12.
  • the bandwidth at -3 dB is very narrow and is between 23.4 GHz and 24.8 GHz, with a minimum of the reflection coefficient at 24.25 GHz.
  • the bandwidth is around 5% of the operating frequency.
  • An adjustment of the operating frequency can be made with screw 16.
  • FIG. 5 An alternative embodiment of a transition according to the invention is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the substrate 2 of the antenna 1 has its underside which is covered with a metal layer 8 ′ which, on the one hand, forms the ground plane of the antenna 1 and, on the other hand, the wall end 14 ′ of the waveguide 12 and its base 10.
  • the base 10 is directly mounted in galvanic contact with the layer 8 ′.
  • the conductor 13 constituting the transition crosses the substrate 2 in the direction of its thickness and emerges, through a hole 9 'drilled in the layer 8', in the volume generated by the recess 11 of the base 10. With the walls of the hole 9 ′ in the layer 8 ′, the conductor 14 forms a coaxial type connection of very small thickness, the characteristic impedance of which is predetermined.
  • the end of the conductor 13 is mounted on the base 10 in the same manner as in the previous variants.
  • a base 10 has been described on which a waveguide or a resonant cavity 12 is mounted. It will be understood that one could directly use a waveguide or a cavity with suitable means for placing the end of the conductor 13 in galvanic contact with the side wall of this waveguide 12 at a distance of the order of ⁇ g / 4 from the end wall 14 ′ of this guide or of this cavity 12.

Abstract

A microstrip line/waveguide transition is described, particularly between an antenna (1) such as a plate antenna having radiating elements (3) and supply lines (4) printed on one side of a substrate (2), and a waveguide or cavity resonator (12) with a rectangular cross-section. The end wall of the waveguide or cavity (12) lies in a plane which is parallel to the plane containing the radiating elements (3) of the antenna (1) and their supply lines (4). The transition includes a conductor having a first end galvanically contacting the main supply point A of the antenna (1) and running through the thickness of the substrate (2) of the antenna (1) as far as the waveguide or cavity (12) via a hole (9) in the end wall thereof. The second end of the conductor is in galvanic contact with a broad inner side wall of the waveguide or cavity (12) substantially at the centre thereof transversely, and at a distance from the end wall approximately one quarter of the length of the wave which is guided in said waveguide or cavity (12). The plane containing the conductor is substantially perpendicular to the broad side wall (12') of the waveguide or cavity (12).

Description

La présente invention concerne une transition ligne microruban/guide d'ondes, notamment entre une antenne du type antenne plaque à lignes microruban et un guide d'ondes ou une cavité résonnante.The present invention relates to a microstrip line / waveguide transition, in particular between an antenna of the plate antenna type with microstrip lines and a waveguide or a resonant cavity.

On connaît des transitions entre des dispositifs à lignes microruban et des guides d'ondes et on citera, à titre d'exemple, les documents de brevet DE-A-2 421 795, DE-A-3 033 674 et EP-A-94 478, US-A-3 483 489 et JP-A-61 264 803.Transitions are known between devices with microstrip lines and waveguides and mention will be made, by way of example, of patent documents DE-A-2,421,795, DE-A-3,033,674 and EP-A- 94,478, US-A-3,483,489 and JP-A-61,264,803.

Dans le document EP-A-94 478, une ligne microruban pénètre latéralement dans le guide d'ondes et parallèlement à sa paroi d'extrémité par un canal prévu dans sa paroi latérale. La position de ce canal dans la paroi latérale est telle que la ligne microruban à l'intérieur du guide d'ondes joue le rôle d'une sonde qui excite les principaux modes de propagation du guide d'ondes.In document EP-A-94 478, a microstrip line penetrates laterally in the waveguide and parallel to its end wall by a channel provided in its side wall. The position of this channel in the side wall is such that the microstrip line inside the waveguide acts as a probe which excites the main modes of propagation of the waveguide.

Le document de brevet DE-A-2 421 795 décrit une transition dont l'élément d'excitation du guide d'ondes est une antenne. L'alimentation de cette antenne se fait par une ligne qui entre là aussi latéralement dans le guide d'ondes.Patent document DE-A-2 421 795 describes a transition in which the excitation element of the waveguide is an antenna. The supply of this antenna is done by a line which enters there also laterally in the waveguide.

Dans le document DE-A-3 033 674, la transition prévue est pourvue, à l'intérieur d'un cavité résonnante, d'une boucle de relativement faible dimension par rapport au quart de la longueur de l'onde guidée dans le guide d'ondes. L'alimentation de cette boucle peut se faire par un passage prévu dans la paroi d'extrémité du guide d'ondes.In document DE-A-3 033 674, the planned transition is provided, inside a resonant cavity, with a loop of relatively small dimension compared to a quarter of the length of the wave guided in the guide waves. The supply of this loop can be done through a passage provided in the end wall of the waveguide.

Le document de brevet US-A-3 483 489 décrit une transition pour le couplage d'un guide d'onde à un circuit à bande. Dans la région de la transition constituée à l'extrémité du guide d'onde, on trouve une vis qui débouche perpendiculairement dans le guide d'onde et qui est prévue pour être en appui, par son extrémité, sur l'extrémité d'un conducteur du circuit à bande. L'extrémité de cette vis permet le couplage électromagnétique du circuit à bande au guide d'onde.The patent document US-A-3 483 489 describes a transition for the coupling of a waveguide to a tape circuit. In the region of the transition formed at the end of the waveguide, there is a screw which opens perpendicularly into the waveguide and which is intended to be supported, by its end, on the end of a tape circuit conductor. The end of this screw allows the electromagnetic coupling of the tape circuit to the waveguide.

On connait également par le document du brevet JP-A-61264803 une transition entre un circuit micro-onde à ruban et un guide d'onde qui est essentiellement constitué d'une boucle courbe débouchant de la paroi d'extrémité du guide d'onde et venant en contact, par son extrémité, avec une paroi du guide d'onde qui est parallèle à son plan H.We also know from patent document JP-A-61264803 a transition between a ribbon microwave circuit and a waveguide which essentially consists of a curved loop emerging from the end wall of the waveguide and coming into contact, at its end, with a wall of the waveguide which is parallel to its plane H.

Dans le document IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol 29, n° 1, janvier 1981, New-York US, pages 171-174, est également montrée une transition entre un circuit à micro-ruban et un guide d'onde comportant une sonde qui traverse le guide d'onde et le substrat du circuit micro-ruban et qui est soudée à une conducteur du circuit micro-ruban.In the document IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol 29, n ° 1, January 1981, New-York US, pages 171-174, is also shown a transition between a microstrip circuit and a waveguide comprising a probe which crosses the waveguide and the substrate of the microstrip circuit and which is welded to a conductor of the microstrip circuit.

Les transitions des documents précédents posent un problème de montage lorsqu'on veut les utiliser pour relier une antenne plaque à lignes micro-ruban à une cavité résonnante ou à un guide d'ondes, problème que l'on résout généralement an plaçant le guide d'ondes ou la cavité sur un bord de ladite antenne plaque afin qu'une ligne micro-ruban puisse pénétrer et entrer latéralement dans le guide d'ondes. Il s'ensuit cependant des problèmes de fixation du guide d'ondes sur la plaque de l'antenne.The transitions of the preceding documents pose a mounting problem when it is desired to use them to connect a plate antenna with microstrip lines to a resonant cavity or to a waveguide, a problem which is generally solved by placing the guide d waves or the cavity on one edge of said plate antenna so that a microstrip line can penetrate and enter laterally in the waveguide. However, there ensues problems in fixing the waveguide to the antenna plate.

On connaît, par ailleurs, notamment par des articles parus respectivement dans 18th European Microwave Conference Proceedings, 12-15 septembre 1988, Stockholm/SE, Microwave Exhibitions and Publishers LTD, Kent, GB, 1988, pages 1049-1054 et IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol 29, n° 1, janvier 1981, New-York US, pages 171-174, des liaisons entre une antenne plane, par exemple du type à microruban, et un connecteur coaxial. Dans ces liaisons, l'axe du connecteur est normal au plan qui contient l'antenne, ce qui assure une bonne solidité mécanique de la liaison.We know, moreover, in particular by articles published respectively in 18th European Microwave Conference Proceedings, 12-15 September 1988, Stockholm / SE, Microwave Exhibitions and Publishers LTD, Kent, GB, 1988, pages 1049-1054 and IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol 29, n ° 1, January 1981, New-York US, pages 171-174, connections between a planar antenna, for example of the microstrip type, and a coaxial connector. In these connections, the axis of the connector is normal to the plane which contains the antenna, which ensures good mechanical strength of the connection.

On a cherché à prévoir une transition entre une antenne plane et un guide d'onde de manière que l'axe principal de ce dernier soit normal au plan qui contient l'antenne plane.Attempts have been made to provide a transition between a planar antenna and a waveguide so that the main axis of the latter is normal to the plane which contains the planar antenna.

Un autre but de l'invention est de prévoir une transition qui soit en outre d'une technologie simple à mettre en oeuvre.Another object of the invention is to provide a transition which is furthermore a technology which is simple to implement.

Ce but est atteint par la mise en oeuvre de la combinaison des moyens qui sont définis dans la revendication 1. Des caractéristiques préférentielles sont indiqués dans les revendications dépendantes.This object is achieved by the implementation of the combination of means which are defined in claim 1. Preferential characteristics are indicated in the dependent claims.

Ces caractéristiques, ainsi que d'autres, apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante de deux exemples de réalisation, ladite description étant faite en relation avec les dessins joints, parmi lesquels:

  • la Fig. 1 est une vue en perspective d'une antenne, d'un guide d'ondes et d'une transition selon l'invention, chaque élément étant dissociés les uns des autres mais en position relative prêts à leur montage,
  • la Fig. 2 est une vue en coupe selon le plan médian II/II de la Fig. 1 d'une transition selon la présente invention,
  • la Fig. 3 est une variante de réalisation de la transition représentée à la Fig. 2,
  • La Fig. 4 est une courbe de la caractéristique du coefficient de réflexion d'une transition selon l'invention en fonction de sa fréquence de fonctionnement, et
  • la Fig. 5 est une variante de réalisation de l'invention.
These characteristics, as well as others, will appear more clearly on reading the following description of two exemplary embodiments, said description being made in relation to the accompanying drawings, among which:
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an antenna, a waveguide and a transition according to the invention, each element being dissociated from each other but in relative position ready for assembly,
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view along the median plane II / II of FIG. 1 of a transition according to the present invention,
  • Fig. 3 is an alternative embodiment of the transition shown in FIG. 2,
  • Fig. 4 is a curve of the characteristic of the reflection coefficient of a transition according to the invention as a function of its operating frequency, and
  • Fig. 5 is an alternative embodiment of the invention.

A la Fig. 1, on voit une antenne plaque 1 comprenant, sur la face supérieure d'un substrat 2, des éléments rayonnants 3 et leurs lignes d'alimentation 4 du type ligne microruban. Elle est, par exemple, fabriquée par la technique du circuit imprimé. Le substrat 2 peut être, par exemple. constitué dans un matériau du type polypropylène. L'antenne 1 est alimentée en un point A situé sur une ligne d'alimentation 5.In Fig. 1, we see a plate antenna 1 comprising, on the upper face of a substrate 2, radiating elements 3 and their supply lines 4 of the microstrip line type. It is, for example, manufactured by the printed circuit technique. The substrate 2 can be, for example. made of a polypropylene type material. The antenna 1 is supplied at a point A located on a supply line 5.

On voit également une semelle 6 destinée à recevoir, sur sa surface supérieure, l'antenne 1. Elle est, par exemple, en verre époxyde et a ses deux faces qui sont respectivement recouvertes de couches métalliques 7 et 8 portées au potentiel de la masse. La couche 7 de la face supérieure de la semelle 6 constitue un plan de masse pour l'antenne 1 lorsque celle-ci est montée sur la semelle 2. Dans l'alignement du point d'alimentation A de l'antenne 1, la semelle 6 est pourvue d'un trou cylindrique 9 dont la paroi interne est également métallisée.We also see a sole 6 intended to receive, on its upper surface, the antenna 1. It is, for example, made of epoxy glass and has its two faces which are respectively covered with metal layers 7 and 8 brought to ground potential . The layer 7 of the upper face of the sole 6 constitutes a ground plane for the antenna 1 when the latter is mounted on the sole 2. In alignment with the feed point A of the antenna 1, the sole 6 is provided with a cylindrical hole 9, the internal wall of which is also metallized.

En contact avec la couche 8 sur la face inférieure de la semelle 6, est prévue une embase 10 constituée d'un bloc métallique parallélépipèdique pourvu, aux centres de ses deux surfaces horizontales, d'un évidement 11 également parallélépipèdique et le traversant de part en part. L'embase 10 est montée sur la semelle 6 de manière que le trou 9 débouche dans le volume engendré par l'évidement 11 de l'embase 10. L'embase 10 est destinée à recevoir un guide d'ondes ou une cavité de résonnance 12 et elle en constitue une partie. Le volume interne du guide d'ondes ou de la cavité 12 est de même section que celui de l'évidement 11, c'est-à-dire rectangulaire. La face 12′ du guide d'ondes ou de la cavité 12 qui se trouve dans le plan de Fig. 2 est une face latérale de faible largeur comparée aux faces 12" perpendiculaires à elles et qui sont des faces latérales larges du guide d'ondes.In contact with the layer 8 on the underside of the sole 6, a base 10 is provided, consisting of a parallelepiped metal block provided, at the centers of its two horizontal surfaces, with a recess 11 also parallelepiped and passing through go. The base 10 is mounted on the sole 6 so that the hole 9 opens into the volume generated by the recess 11 in the base 10. The base 10 is intended to receive a waveguide or a resonance cavity 12 and is part of it. The internal volume of the waveguide or of the cavity 12 is of the same section as that of the recess 11, that is to say rectangular. The face 12 ′ of the waveguide or of the cavity 12 which is in the plane of FIG. 2 is a side face of small width compared to the faces 12 "perpendicular to them and which are wide side faces of the waveguide.

Par la suite, on employera le mot "guide d'ondes" pour désigner indifféremment un guide d'ondes ou une cavité résonnante.Subsequently, the word "waveguide" will be used to designate either a waveguide or a resonant cavity.

A la Fig. 2, on a représenté en coupe les différents éléments montrés à la Fig. 1. On y voit ainsi l'antenne avec son substrat 2 et une ligne d'alimentation 4, la semelle 6 avec ses couches métalliques supérieure 7 et inférieure 8 et son trou métallisé 9 ainsi que l'embase 10 et une partie du guide d'ondes 12.In Fig. 2, there is shown in section the various elements shown in FIG. 1. This shows the antenna with its substrate 2 and a feed line 4, the sole 6 with its upper 7 and lower 8 metal layers and its metallized hole 9 as well as the base 10 and part of the guide d 'waves 12.

La transition ligne microruban/guide d'ondes de la présente invention est réalisée par un conducteur métallique 13 qui a une extrémité en contact galvanique avec la ligne d'alimentation 4 de l'antenne 1 au point A montré à la Fig. 1 et la seconde extrémité à l'intérieur du guide d'ondes 12, comme on le verra par la suite. Il traverse d'abord, dans le sens de son épaisseur, le substrat 2 de l'antenne 1 puis, dans le même sens en passant par le trou 9, la semelle 6. Le trou 9 contient un matériau diélectrique de même nature que le matériau constituant le substrat 2.The microstrip line / waveguide transition of the present invention is carried out by a metallic conductor 13 which has one end in galvanic contact with the feed line 4 of the antenna 1 at point A shown in FIG. 1 and the second end inside the waveguide 12, as will be seen later. It first crosses, in the direction of its thickness, the substrate 2 of the antenna 1 then, in the same direction passing through the hole 9, the sole 6. The hole 9 contains a dielectric material of the same kind as the material constituting the substrate 2.

Notons que le remplissage du trou 9 dans la semelle 6 peut être obtenu par pressage d'une couche de polypropylène sur la semelle 6, ladite couche servant ensuite de substrat 2 pour l'antenne.Note that the filling of the hole 9 in the sole 6 can be obtained by pressing a layer of polypropylene on the sole 6, said layer then serving as a substrate 2 for the antenna.

Le diamètre du trou 9 de la semelle 6 et le diamètre du conducteur 13 sont tels que la liaison entre l'antenne et le guide d'ondes est du type coaxial dont l'impédance caractéristique est prédéterminée. Cette impédance est, par exemple, de 50 Ohms. Ceci permet d'éviter que la transition antenne/guide d'ondes perturbe le fonctionnement de l'antenne sous la forme de rayonnements parasites provenant de diffractions au point A de l'alimentation de l'antenne.The diameter of the hole 9 in the sole 6 and the diameter of the conductor 13 are such that the connection between the antenna and the waveguide is of the coaxial type, the characteristic impedance of which is predetermined. This impedance is, for example, 50 Ohms. This makes it possible to prevent the antenna / waveguide transition from disturbing the operation of the antenna in the form of parasitic radiation originating from diffractions at point A of the antenna supply.

Le conducteur 13 débouche ensuite dans le volume engendré par l'évidement 11 de l'embase 10. La partie de la couche métallique 8 qui se trouve à l'intérieur de l'évidement 11 de l'embase 10 constitue une paroi d'extrémité 14 du guide d'ondes formé par l'embase 10 et le guide 12 lui-même. Le conducteur 13 débouche donc, à l'intérieur de ce guide d'ondes, par la paroi 14. sensiblement au centre de celle-ci.The conductor 13 then opens into the volume generated by the recess 11 of the base 10. The part of the metal layer 8 which is located inside the recess 11 of the base 10 constitutes an end wall 14 of the waveguide formed by the base 10 and the guide 12 itself. The conductor 13 therefore opens, inside this waveguide, through the wall 14. substantially in the center of the latter.

La seconde extrémité du conducteur 13 est en contact galvanique avec le corps de l'embase 10 sensiblement au milieu de l'arête latérale inférieure large 15 formée par l'évidement 11. Elle est pincée entre l'embase 10 et le guide d'ondes 12. Le point de contact du conducteur 13 avec l'embase 10 est à environ λg/4 de la couche 8 constituant la paroi d'extrémité 14 du guide d'ondes, λg étant la longueur de l'onde guidée dans le guide d'ondes 12. En pratique, l'épaisseur de l'embase 10 est sensiblement égale à λg4.The second end of the conductor 13 is in galvanic contact with the body of the base 10 substantially in the middle of the wide lower lateral edge 15 formed by the recess 11. It is pinched between the base 10 and the waveguide 12. The point of contact of the conductor 13 with the base 10 is approximately λ g / 4 from the layer 8 constituting the end wall 14 of the waveguide, λ g being the length of the wave guided in the waveguide 12. In practice, the thickness of the base 10 is substantially equal to λ g 4.

On remarquera que l'extrémité du conducteur 13 est en contact galvanique avec une face latérale large 12" du guide d'ondes 12 et que le plan qui le contient est perpendiculaire à cette face 12".It will be noted that the end of the conductor 13 is in galvanic contact with a wide lateral face 12 "of the waveguide 12 and that the plane which contains it is perpendicular to this face 12".

Le conducteur 13 se trouve en biais dans le volume intérieur engendré par l'évidement 11 de l'embase 10. Avantageusement, il présente une forme d'arc de cercle avec la convexité tournée vers l'intérieur du guide d'ondes 12. Il pourrait également comporter un coude à 90°.The conductor 13 is biased in the interior volume generated by the recess 11 in the base 10. Advantageously, it has the shape of an arc of a circle with the convexity turned towards the inside of the waveguide 12. It could also include a 90 ° bend.

Une vis 16 de réglage de la fréquence d'accord du guide d'ondes 12 est prévue sensiblement au centre de la paroi latérale 17 de l'évidement 11 qui est opposée à celle qui reçoit le conducteur 13.A screw 16 for adjusting the tuning frequency of the waveguide 12 is provided substantially in the center of the side wall 17 of the recess 11 which is opposite to that which receives the conductor 13.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention montrée à la Fig. 3, le conducteur 13 débouche dans le volume engendré par l'évidement 11 de l'embase 10 légèrement décalé, dans le plan médian de l'embase 10, vers la paroi latérale 17 de l'évidement 11 qui est opposée à celle qui reçoit l'extrémité du conducteur 13.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3, the conductor 13 opens into the volume generated by the recess 11 of the base 10 slightly offset, in the median plane of the base 10, towards the side wall 17 of the recess 11 which is opposite to that which receives the end of the conductor 13.

On a réalisé une transition telle que celle qui vient d'être décrite en relation avec la Fig. 2 pour un fonctionnement à une fréquence de l'ordre de 24 GHz. La hauteur de l'embase 10 est de 4 mm, la largeur de l'évidement 11 de l'embase 10 correspondant à la largeur du guide d'ondes 12 et à la distance entre la paroi 17 et la paroi qui reçoit l'extrémité du conducteur 13 est de 4,3 mm, le diamètre du conducteur 13 est de 0,65 mm et le diamètre du trou 9 dans la semelle 6 est de 2,3 mm.A transition such as that just described in relation to FIG. 2 for operation at a frequency of the order of 24 GHz. The height of the base 10 is 4 mm, the width of the recess 11 of the base 10 corresponding to the width of the waveguide 12 and to the distance between the wall 17 and the wall which receives the end of the conductor 13 is 4.3 mm, the diameter of the conductor 13 is 0.65 mm and the diameter of the hole 9 in the sole 6 is 2.3 mm.

La Fig. 4 montre la courbe du coefficient de réflexion exprimé en décibels en fonction de la fréquence de fonctionnement obtenue avec une antenne 1 équipée d'une telle transition. L'appareil de mesure est branché à la place du guide d'ondes 12.Fig. 4 shows the curve of the reflection coefficient expressed in decibels as a function of the operating frequency obtained with an antenna 1 equipped with such a transition. The measuring device is connected in place of the waveguide 12.

La bande passante à -3 dB est très étroite et est comprise entre 23,4 GHz et 24,8 GHz, avec un minimum du coefficient de réflexion à 24,25 GHz. La bande passante est de l'ordre de 5 % de la fréquence de fonctionnement.The bandwidth at -3 dB is very narrow and is between 23.4 GHz and 24.8 GHz, with a minimum of the reflection coefficient at 24.25 GHz. The bandwidth is around 5% of the operating frequency.

Un ajustement de la fréquence de fonctionnement peut être réalisé avec la vis 16.An adjustment of the operating frequency can be made with screw 16.

Une variante de réalisation d'une transition selon l'invention est représentée à la Fig. 5. Le substrat 2 de l'antenne 1 a sa face inférieure qui est recouverte d'une couche métallique 8′ qui, d'une part, forme le plan de masse de l'antenne 1 et, d'autre part, la paroi d'extrémité 14′ du guide d'ondes 12 et de son embase 10. L'embase 10 est directement montée en contact galvanique avec la couche 8′. Le conducteur 13 constituant la transition traverse le substrat 2 dans le sens de son épaisseur et débouche, par un trou 9′ percé dans la couche 8′, dans le volume engendré par l'évidement 11 de l'embase 10. Avec les parois du trou 9′ dans la couche 8′, le conducteur 14 forme une liaison de type coaxial d'épaisseur très faible dont l'impédance caractéristique est prédéterminée.An alternative embodiment of a transition according to the invention is shown in FIG. 5. The substrate 2 of the antenna 1 has its underside which is covered with a metal layer 8 ′ which, on the one hand, forms the ground plane of the antenna 1 and, on the other hand, the wall end 14 ′ of the waveguide 12 and its base 10. The base 10 is directly mounted in galvanic contact with the layer 8 ′. The conductor 13 constituting the transition crosses the substrate 2 in the direction of its thickness and emerges, through a hole 9 'drilled in the layer 8', in the volume generated by the recess 11 of the base 10. With the walls of the hole 9 ′ in the layer 8 ′, the conductor 14 forms a coaxial type connection of very small thickness, the characteristic impedance of which is predetermined.

L'extrémité du conducteur 13 est montée sur l'embase 10 de la même manière que dans les variantes précédentes.The end of the conductor 13 is mounted on the base 10 in the same manner as in the previous variants.

Le fonctionnement de cette transition est sensiblement le même que les transitions montrées précédemment.The operation of this transition is substantially the same as the transitions shown above.

Dans la présente description, on a décrit une embase 10 sur laquelle vient se monter un guide d'ondes ou une cavité résonnante 12. On comprendra qu'on pourrait directement utiliser un guide d'ondes ou une cavité avec des moyens appropriés pour mettre l'extrémité du conducteur 13 en contact galvanique avec la paroi latérale de ce guide d'ondes 12 à une distance de l'ordre de λg/4 de la paroi d'extrémité 14′ de ce guide ou de cette cavité 12.In the present description, a base 10 has been described on which a waveguide or a resonant cavity 12 is mounted. It will be understood that one could directly use a waveguide or a cavity with suitable means for placing the end of the conductor 13 in galvanic contact with the side wall of this waveguide 12 at a distance of the order of λ g / 4 from the end wall 14 ′ of this guide or of this cavity 12.

Claims (7)

  1. A transfer arrangement between a wave-guide or a resonant cavity (12) with a rectangular section, and a flush antenna (1) with radiating elements (3) and supply feed lines (4) printed onto the surface of a substrate (2), the rear face of which is provided with an earthing plane for the said antenna, the said transfer arrangement comprising a conductor (13), of which the first end is in electrical contact with the supply point of the said antenna (1), and the other end of which is, inside the said wave-guide, in electrical contact with a broad internal side wall (12˝) of the wave-guide or of the cavity (12), characterised by the fact that the waveguide or the cavity (12) possesses an end wall (14, 14′), which is formed by a metallic layer (8′, 7) provided on the rear face of the substrate (2) of the said antenna (1), and is in electrical contact with the earthing plane of the said antenna, the said wall being parallel to the plane containing the radiating elements (3) of the antenna (1) and their feed supply lines (4˝), and the said conductor (13) crossing the said substrate of the antenna (1) in the direction of its thickness and opening into the wave-guide or the cavity (12) through an aperture (9, 9′) in the said end wall, the second end of the said conductor (12˝) of the said wave-guide or the cavity (12) being approximately in the transverse centre of the said wall (12˝), and at a distance from the said end wall (14˝) equal to approximately one quarter of the length of the wave being guided, the plane containing the said conductor being approximately perpendicular to the said broad wall (12˝).
  2. A transfer arrangement according to Claim 1, characterised by the fact that the substrate (2) of the antenna (1) is covered, on its rear face, by a layer (8′) of a metallic material, which forms the said earthing plane for the said antenna (1) and the end wall (14, 14′) of the said wave-guide or of the said cavity (12), the conductor (13) of the transfer element thus crossing the said layer (8′) through an aperture (9′) pierced in the said layer (8′) and opening into the interior of the wave-guide or the cavity (12), the diameter of the said aperture (9′) and the diameter of the said conductor (13) being such that they create a co-axial link the characteristic impedance of which is predetermined.
  3. A transfer arrangement according to Claim 1, characterised by the fact that the rear face of the said substrate (2) of the antenna (1) if formed from a baseplate (6), the two faces of which are covered respectively by two metallic coatings (7 and 8), the first metallic coating (7) forming the earthing plane of the said antenna, and the second metallic coating (8) forming the end wall (14) of the wave-guide or of the cavity (12), the conductor (13) crossing the said baseplate (6).
  4. A transfer arrangement according to Claim 3, characterised by the fact that the conductor (13) passes across the said baseplate (6) via an aperture (9), which is filled with a dielectric material, and the wall of which is metallised, the diameter of the conductor (13) and the diameter of the aperture (9) in the baseplate (6) being such that the link between the said baseplate (6) is of the co-axial type, and the characteristic impedance of which is predetermined.
  5. A transfer arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised by the fact that the conductor (13) opens into the said wave-guide or cavity (12) at a point which is offset, in relation to the centre of the end wall (14, 14′) towards a broad internal lateral wall (12˝) of the wave-guide or of the cavity (12) opposite, which accommodates the second end of the conductor (13).
  6. A transfer arrangement according to one of the foregoing Claims, characterised by the fact that it comprises, attached to the end of the wave-guide, a metallic base element (10) provided with a cut-out (11), which crosses it from one side to the other, and the walls of which form an extension to those of the wave-guide or cavity (12), its height being approximately a quarter of the length of the wave guided in the wave-guide or in the cavity (12), the end of the said conductor (12) being secured between the said base element (10) and the said wave-guide or cavity (12).
  7. A transfer arrangement according to one of the foregoing Claims, characterised by the fact that it comprises, screwed approximately in the centre of the wall opposite that which accommodates the end of the conductor (13), a screw (16) for adjusting the frequency of the wave-guide (12).
EP92910228A 1991-04-16 1992-04-15 Microstrip line/waveguide transition Expired - Lifetime EP0582637B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9104773A FR2675637B1 (en) 1991-04-16 1991-04-16 MICRO-TAPE LINE TRANSITION / WAVEGUIDE.
FR9104773 1991-04-16
PCT/FR1992/000335 WO1992019020A1 (en) 1991-04-16 1992-04-15 Microstrip line/waveguide transition

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0582637A1 EP0582637A1 (en) 1994-02-16
EP0582637B1 true EP0582637B1 (en) 1995-08-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92910228A Expired - Lifetime EP0582637B1 (en) 1991-04-16 1992-04-15 Microstrip line/waveguide transition

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US (1) US5258727A (en)
EP (1) EP0582637B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69204160T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2675637B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1992019020A1 (en)

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GB9215707D0 (en) 1992-07-23 1992-09-09 Cambridge Computer Rf waveguide signal transition apparatus
FR2729011B1 (en) * 1994-12-28 1997-01-31 Le Centre Thomson D Applic Rad LOW LOSS DOUBLE POLARIZATION NETWORK ANTENNA
BE1013508A3 (en) * 1997-05-12 2002-03-05 Belgian Electronic Res S A En Device for transition between a wave guide and a radiating element
US6201453B1 (en) * 1998-11-19 2001-03-13 Trw Inc. H-plane hermetic sealed waveguide probe
DE19934351A1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2001-02-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert Transition from a waveguide to a strip line
FR2869725A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-04 Thomson Licensing Sa NON-CONTACT TRANSITION ELEMENT BETWEEN A WAVEGUIDE AND A MOCRORUBAN LINE
US7170366B2 (en) * 2005-02-11 2007-01-30 Andrew Corporation Waveguide to microstrip transition with a 90° bend probe for use in a circularly polarized feed
WO2007123494A1 (en) * 2006-04-24 2007-11-01 Agency For Science, Technology And Research Array antenna for wireless communication and method
FR2906938B1 (en) * 2006-10-06 2009-01-16 Bouygues Telecom Sa SLIDING / ELLIPSOIDAL COUPLING DEVICE FOR THE DIRECT WAVEGUIDE POWER SUPPLY OF A FLAT ANTENNA
CN101478079B (en) * 2008-01-04 2012-10-10 华硕电脑股份有限公司 Array antenna and electronic device using same
TWI389390B (en) * 2008-01-04 2013-03-11 Asustek Comp Inc Array antenna and electronic apparatus using the same
US7786821B2 (en) * 2008-06-02 2010-08-31 Bsc Filters Ltd. Compact end launch transition including a body with an antenna and an electrical connector
JP2015002490A (en) * 2013-06-18 2015-01-05 日本無線株式会社 Feed line
JP6318392B2 (en) 2013-06-18 2018-05-09 日本無線株式会社 2-port triplate line-waveguide converter

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US3942138A (en) * 1974-02-04 1976-03-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Short depth hardened waveguide launcher assembly element
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DE3033674A1 (en) * 1980-09-06 1982-03-25 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Waveguide with resonator using microstrip conductor - has coupling to exclusion band guide via loop or hole keeping max. excitation of dominant mode
SU1247979A1 (en) * 1984-12-30 1986-07-30 Предприятие П/Я А-7306 Coaxial-waveguide junction
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FR2622055B1 (en) * 1987-09-09 1990-04-13 Bretagne Ctre Regl Innova Tran MICROWAVE PLATE ANTENNA, ESPECIALLY FOR DOPPLER RADAR

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2675637A1 (en) 1992-10-23
EP0582637A1 (en) 1994-02-16
US5258727A (en) 1993-11-02
DE69204160T2 (en) 1996-01-04
DE69204160D1 (en) 1995-09-21
WO1992019020A1 (en) 1992-10-29
FR2675637B1 (en) 1993-07-09

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