EP0757403A1 - Magnetic coupling device between a main conductor of a TEM line and a waveguide, forming a gamma/g/2 resonator - Google Patents

Magnetic coupling device between a main conductor of a TEM line and a waveguide, forming a gamma/g/2 resonator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0757403A1
EP0757403A1 EP96401715A EP96401715A EP0757403A1 EP 0757403 A1 EP0757403 A1 EP 0757403A1 EP 96401715 A EP96401715 A EP 96401715A EP 96401715 A EP96401715 A EP 96401715A EP 0757403 A1 EP0757403 A1 EP 0757403A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
iris
pinule
resonator
main conductor
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP96401715A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Claude Cruchon
Jean Denis Schubert
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Alcatel CIT SA
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Alcatel Telspace SA
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Publication of EP0757403A1 publication Critical patent/EP0757403A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced with unbalanced lines or devices
    • H01P5/103—Hollow-waveguide/coaxial-line transitions

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of coupling devices for dissimilar signal transmission devices and relates more precisely to a magnetic coupling device between a main conductor of a TEM line and a waveguide forming a resonator in ⁇ g / 2, ⁇ g being the guided wavelength.
  • a microwave resonator is constituted by a waveguide in which one of the axes of propagation of the signal is delimited to form a resonator equivalent to a multiple of ⁇ g / 2.
  • a bandpass filter in guided technique can be produced from a certain number of these resonators, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are respectively top and sectional views of a known bandpass filter produced in waveguide technology and comprising three resonators in ⁇ g / 2.
  • a waveguide 10 has a first access constituted by a fixing flange 11 to another waveguide.
  • the waveguide 10 here constitutes a band-pass filter comprising three resonators 12 to 14 in ⁇ g / 2 and with direct coupling each constituted by two iris with rods 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, 20.
  • the resonators 12 to 14 are all synchronous with the central frequency of the bandpass filtering and the overall transfer function of the filter is obtained by modifying the coupling between these different resonators.
  • the inter-resonator and access coupling is adjustable using screws 41, 42, 43 and 26 forming plungers.
  • the screws 21, 22, 23 (plungers) are used to adjust the synchronism of the different resonators.
  • the second access consists of an SMA type plug referenced 24.
  • This plug 24 is intended to be connected to a coaxial cable (TEM line), the core of which will be extended, inside the cavity, by a pin 25, forming antenna.
  • the pinule 25 is isolated from the waveguide 10 by a cylinder 36 in Teflon (registered trademark).
  • Teflon registered trademark
  • the coupling between the core of the coaxial cable and the resonator in ⁇ g / 2 is completed by a tuning screw 26 penetrating into the cavity (guide) near the free end 27 of the pinule 25, the tuning screw 26 extending perpendicularly to the pin 25.
  • This coupling is of the magnetic type, that is to say that the tuning screw 26 is located on lines of the magnetic field of the signal conveyed in the cavity.
  • the pin 25 and the tuning screw form a susceptance in 1 / L ⁇ .
  • a coupling device comprising only a pin and a tuning screw is that there is an interaction between the adjustment of the synchronism of the resonator 14 (adjustment by the plunger 23) and that of the output coupling (adjustment of screw 26).
  • the different couplings are then difficult to adjust and the optimum can only be reached with difficulty.
  • the inter-resonator couplings are not optimal and it follows that the equi-ripple in the pass band of the filter is reached with difficulty.
  • the present invention aims in particular to overcome these drawbacks.
  • one of the objectives of the invention is to provide a magnetic coupling device between a main conductor of a TEM line and a waveguide forming a resonator in ⁇ g / 2 where the synchronism settings of the resonator 14 and of the susceptance of access to the TEM line are uncorrelated.
  • the coupling device between the TEM line and the waveguide forming a resonator in ⁇ g / 2 also includes an iris produced around the pinule d access and centered on this pinule, this iris being closed on the side of the wall where the pinule is fixed and its internal volume forming a zone where the wave of the associated magnetic field is of the evanescent type, the median axis of the screw d agreement being in the plane of the opening of the iris.
  • the iris then constitutes a closed evanescent guide and the adjustment of the tuning screw has only a reduced influence on the synchronism of the access resonator (input or output).
  • the distance separating the end of the pinule located on the side of the wall and the non-free end of the tuning screw is less than ⁇ / 4, with ⁇ the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the waveguide used can either be rectangular or cylindrical.
  • the invention applies preferably to the case where the magnetic coupling is carried out with a pinule connected to the core of a coaxial cable.
  • the length of the pinule is equal to the depth of the iris.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are respectively views from above and in section of a bandpass filter according to the invention produced in waveguide technology and also comprising three resonators in ⁇ g / 2.
  • the elements identical to those of FIGS. 1 and 2 have the same numerical references.
  • the coupling device between the main conductor of the TEM line for example constituted by the core of a coaxial cable, this coaxial cable constituting the TEM line, comprises an iris produced around the pinule 25 and centered on this pinule 25.
  • the iris is referenced 30, 31 in FIG. 3 and is constituted by two metal blocks of parallelepiped shape.
  • the iris 30, 31 is closed on the side of the wall against which the SMA plug 24 is fixed and its internal volume 32 forms a zone where the wave associated with the magnetic field is of the evanescent type, as will be seen more precisely on the Figure 5.
  • the median axis 33 (Fig.4) of the tuning screw 26 is in the plane of the opening of the iris 30,31.
  • the resonators 12 to 14 are synchronous with the center frequency of the bandpass filter and the inter-resonator couplings play on the transfer function as a function of the desired bandwidth.
  • the coupling between the resonators widens the bandwidth of the filter.
  • Each resonator has its own overvoltage coefficient defined by its medium (here air), by the volume of the spacing between the rods 15 to 20, by the surface material used, the surface imperfections (roughness, craters, ...), the polish of the surfaces produced, etc ...
  • the coupling is of magnetic type at the level of the pin 25 and of the screw 26.
  • FIG. 5 which is a sectional view along VV of FIG. 3, part of the magnetic field, schematized by the field lines 50, enters the volume 32 of the iris and this part is taken up by the pinule 25 and the screw 26. In this volume, the coupling takes place on a magnetic field of an associated evanescent wave.
  • the magnetic field near the iris, as well as in this iris, is perpendicular to the coupling device.
  • the iris 30, 31 is a classic coupling iris, having here the particularity of being closed at one of its ends. Its entry section is open, in the plane of the median axis 33 of the screw 26 and preferably coincides with the free end of the pinule, referenced 27 in FIG. 4. This amounts to saying that the length of the pinule 25 is equal to the depth of the iris 30, 31.
  • the SMA connector used is of the standard type and has an external diameter of 4.15 mm, a core of 1.27 mm in diameter, the dielectric used being PTFE (Teflon, registered trademark).
  • the distance between the end of the pinule located on the side of the end wall, this end being referenced 34 in FIG. 4 and the non-free end of the tuning screw, referenced 35 in this same figure, is less at ⁇ / 4, with ⁇ the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. So we have L1 + L2 ⁇ / 4. The distance between the free end of the tuning screw 26 and the end 27 of the pinule is small and there appears a capacitive effect between these two elements. This distance, added to L1 + L2, is equal to ⁇ / 4.
  • the main advantage of the invention is that there is a significant separation between the cavity and the outlet coupling.
  • the iris does not charge the cavity as a waveguide very much and the settings are uncorrelated. More precisely, the functions of frequency translation of the filter and of coupling with the TEM line are uncorrelated. The equi-ripple is therefore intrinsically constantly maintained throughout the band and the losses reduced. In addition, the frequency operating range of the filter is increased compared to the state of the art.
  • the invention applies not only to rectangular resonators, but also to cylindrical resonators.
  • the principle remains the same, from the moment when the field is perpendicular to the level of the susceptance formed by the coupling screws.
  • the iris is not necessarily rectangular, as shown in Figures 3 and 5, and may be oblong or circular. In the latter case, the iris has the shape of a hollow cylinder.
  • the access according to the invention is located at the end of the guide, but this access can also be made on a side wall of this guide, the main thing being that an evanescent wave is present inside. iris.
  • the coupling device described so far has made it possible to produce a 5-pole bandpass filter (5 resonators) tuned from 7600 to 8400 MHz, the bandwidth of the filter being 30 MHz and the equi-ripple reduced to 0, 01 dB on these 30 MHz, which corresponds to an input ROS (Stationary Wave Ratio) of 1.1.
  • 5 resonators tuned from 7600 to 8400 MHz, the bandwidth of the filter being 30 MHz and the equi-ripple reduced to 0, 01 dB on these 30 MHz, which corresponds to an input ROS (Stationary Wave Ratio) of 1.1.
  • the end of the pinule 25 is ideally located flush with the entry section of the iris. However, it is possible to extend this pinule so that it enters the guide, beyond the entry section of the iris. In this case, it plays an electric retraction effect of the cavity and makes it increase in frequency (the effect is equivalent to using a smaller cavity). It is thus possible to make up for mechanical asymmetries, such as those mentioned above.
  • the coupling of the invention is, as in the prior art, a reciprocal and passive coupling, which can therefore be used both for input and output of signal.
  • the TEM line is not necessarily constituted by a coaxial cable and can for example be constituted by a microstrip line.
  • the invention preferably applies to narrow band filters, of the order of a few tens of MHz of bandwidth.

Abstract

The device couples the main conductor of the line to a half-wavelength resonator (10) via a probe (25) through an end wall (34). A tuning screw (26) enters the waveguide near the free end (27) of the probe and at right angles to it. An iris (31) centred around the probe is closed in the direction of the wall, and its internal volume forms an evanescent-mode region. The axis (33) of the tuning screw lies in the plane of opening of the iris.

Description

Le domaine de l'invention est celui des dispositifs de couplage de dispositifs de transmission de signaux dissemblables et concerne plus précisément un dispositif de couplage magnétique entre un conducteur principal d'une ligne TEM et un guide d'ondes formant résonateur en λg/2, λg étant la longueur d'onde guidée.The field of the invention is that of coupling devices for dissimilar signal transmission devices and relates more precisely to a magnetic coupling device between a main conductor of a TEM line and a waveguide forming a resonator in λg / 2, λg being the guided wavelength.

De manière connue, un résonateur hyperfréquences est constitué par un guide d'ondes dans lequel un des axes de propagation du signal est délimité pour former un résonateur équivalant à un multiple de λg/2. Un filtre passe-bande en technique guidée peut être réalisé à partir d'un certain nombre de ces résonateurs, tel que représenté aux figures 1 et 2.In known manner, a microwave resonator is constituted by a waveguide in which one of the axes of propagation of the signal is delimited to form a resonator equivalent to a multiple of λg / 2. A bandpass filter in guided technique can be produced from a certain number of these resonators, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Les figures 1 et 2 sont respectivement des vues de dessus et en coupe d'un filtre passe-bande connu réalisé en technologie guide d'ondes et comportant trois résonateurs en λg/2.FIGS. 1 and 2 are respectively top and sectional views of a known bandpass filter produced in waveguide technology and comprising three resonators in λg / 2.

Sur la figure 1, un guide d'ondes 10 comporte un premier accès constitué par une bride de fixation 11 à un autre guide d'ondes. Le guide d'ondes 10 constitue ici un filtre passe-bande comprenant trois résonateurs 12 à 14 en λg/2 et à couplage direct constitués chacun par deux iris à tiges 15, 16, 17, 18 et 19, 20. Les résonateurs 12 à 14 sont tous synchrones de la fréquence centrale du filtrage passe-bande et la fonction de transfert globale du filtre est obtenue en modifiant le couplage entre ces différents résonateurs. Le couplage inter-résonateurs et d'accès est réglable à l'aide de vis 41, 42, 43 et 26 formant plongeurs. Les vis 21, 22, 23 (plongeurs) servent à régler le synchronisme des différents résonateurs. Le second accès est constitué par une fiche de type SMA référencée 24. Cette fiche 24 est destinée à être raccordée à un câble coaxial (ligne TEM) dont l'âme sera prolongée, à l'intérieur de la cavité, par une pinule 25, formant antenne. La pinule 25 est isolée du guide d'ondes 10 par un cylindre 36 en Téflon (marque déposée). Le couplage entre l'âme du câble coaxial et le résonateur en λg/2 est complété par une vis d'accord 26 pénétrant dans la cavité (guide) à proximité de l'extrémité libre 27 de la pinule 25, la vis d'accord 26 s'étendant perpendiculairement à la pinule 25. Ce couplage est de type magnétique, c'est à dire que la vis d'accord 26 se trouve sur des lignes du champ magnétique du signal véhiculé dans la cavité. La pinule 25 et la vis d'accord forment une susceptance en 1/Lω.In FIG. 1, a waveguide 10 has a first access constituted by a fixing flange 11 to another waveguide. The waveguide 10 here constitutes a band-pass filter comprising three resonators 12 to 14 in λg / 2 and with direct coupling each constituted by two iris with rods 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, 20. The resonators 12 to 14 are all synchronous with the central frequency of the bandpass filtering and the overall transfer function of the filter is obtained by modifying the coupling between these different resonators. The inter-resonator and access coupling is adjustable using screws 41, 42, 43 and 26 forming plungers. The screws 21, 22, 23 (plungers) are used to adjust the synchronism of the different resonators. The second access consists of an SMA type plug referenced 24. This plug 24 is intended to be connected to a coaxial cable (TEM line), the core of which will be extended, inside the cavity, by a pin 25, forming antenna. The pinule 25 is isolated from the waveguide 10 by a cylinder 36 in Teflon (registered trademark). The coupling between the core of the coaxial cable and the resonator in λg / 2 is completed by a tuning screw 26 penetrating into the cavity (guide) near the free end 27 of the pinule 25, the tuning screw 26 extending perpendicularly to the pin 25. This coupling is of the magnetic type, that is to say that the tuning screw 26 is located on lines of the magnetic field of the signal conveyed in the cavity. The pin 25 and the tuning screw form a susceptance in 1 / Lω.

L'inconvénient d'un dispositif de couplage comprenant uniquement une pinule et une vis d'accord est qu'il existe une interaction entre le réglage du synchronisme du résonateur 14 (réglage par le plongeur 23) et celui du couplage de sortie (réglage de la vis 26). Les différents couplages sont alors difficiles à régler et l'optimum ne peut être atteint que difficilement. Notamment, les couplages inter-résonateurs ne sont pas optimaux et il s'en suit que l'équi-ondulation dans la bande passante du filtre est atteinte avec difficulté.The disadvantage of a coupling device comprising only a pin and a tuning screw is that there is an interaction between the adjustment of the synchronism of the resonator 14 (adjustment by the plunger 23) and that of the output coupling (adjustment of screw 26). The different couplings are then difficult to adjust and the optimum can only be reached with difficulty. In particular, the inter-resonator couplings are not optimal and it follows that the equi-ripple in the pass band of the filter is reached with difficulty.

De plus, il n'est dans ce cas pas possible d'obtenir des accords sur une grande plage de fréquence. Ainsi la bande de fréquences de fonctionnement est réduite.In addition, it is not possible in this case to obtain chords over a large frequency range. Thus the operating frequency band is reduced.

La présente invention a notamment pour objectif de pallier ces inconvénients.The present invention aims in particular to overcome these drawbacks.

Plus précisément, un des objectifs de l'invention est de fournir un dispositif de couplage magnétique entre un conducteur principal d'une ligne TEM et un guide d'ondes formant résonateur en λg/2 où les réglages du synchronisme du résonateur 14 et de la susceptance d'accès à la ligne TEM sont décorrélés.More specifically, one of the objectives of the invention is to provide a magnetic coupling device between a main conductor of a TEM line and a waveguide forming a resonator in λg / 2 where the synchronism settings of the resonator 14 and of the susceptance of access to the TEM line are uncorrelated.

Cet objectif, ainsi que d'autres qui apparaîtront par la suite, est atteint grâce au fait que le dispositif de couplage entre la ligne TEM et le guide d'ondes formant résonateur en λg/2 comporte également un iris réalisé autour de la pinule d'accès et centré sur cette pinule, cet iris étant clos du côté de la paroi où est fixée la pinule et son volume intérieur formant une zone où l'onde du champ magnétique associé est de type évanescente, l'axe médian de la vis d'accord étant dans le plan de l'ouverture de l'iris.This objective, as well as others which will appear subsequently, is achieved thanks to the fact that the coupling device between the TEM line and the waveguide forming a resonator in λg / 2 also includes an iris produced around the pinule d access and centered on this pinule, this iris being closed on the side of the wall where the pinule is fixed and its internal volume forming a zone where the wave of the associated magnetic field is of the evanescent type, the median axis of the screw d agreement being in the plane of the opening of the iris.

L'iris constitue alors un guide évanescent obturé et le réglage de la vis d'accord n'a qu'une influence réduite sur le synchronisme du résonateur d'accès (d'entrée ou de sortie).The iris then constitutes a closed evanescent guide and the adjustment of the tuning screw has only a reduced influence on the synchronism of the access resonator (input or output).

Avantageusement, la distance séparant l'extrémité de la pinule située du côté de la paroi et l'extrémité non libre de la vis d'accord est inférieure à λ/4, avec λ la longueur d'onde de l'onde électromagnétique.Advantageously, the distance separating the end of the pinule located on the side of the wall and the non-free end of the tuning screw is less than λ / 4, with λ the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

Le guide d'ondes utilisé peut indifféremment être de forme rectangulaire ou cylindrique.The waveguide used can either be rectangular or cylindrical.

L'invention s'applique préférentiellement au cas où le couplage magnétique est réalisé avec une pinule raccordée à l'âme d'un câble coaxial.The invention applies preferably to the case where the magnetic coupling is carried out with a pinule connected to the core of a coaxial cable.

Préférentiellement, la longueur de la pinule est égale à la profondeur de l'iris.Preferably, the length of the pinule is equal to the depth of the iris.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation préférentiel, donné à titre illustratif et non limitatif, et des dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • les figures 1 et 2 sont respectivement des vues de dessus et en coupe d'un filtre passe-bande connu réalisé en technologie guide d'ondes et comportant trois résonateurs en λg/2 ;
  • les figures 3 et 4 sont respectivement des vues de dessus et en coupe d'un filtre passe-bande selon l'invention réalisé en technologie guide d'ondes et comportant également trois résonateurs en λg/2 ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon V-V de la figure 3, les lignes de champ magnétiques étant représentées.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of a preferred embodiment, given by way of nonlimiting illustration, and of the appended drawings in which:
  • Figures 1 and 2 are respectively top views and in section of a known bandpass filter made in waveguide technology and comprising three resonators in λg / 2;
  • Figures 3 and 4 are respectively top and sectional views of a bandpass filter according to the invention produced in waveguide technology and also comprising three λg / 2 resonators;
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view along VV of Figure 3, the magnetic field lines being shown.

Les figures 1 et 2 ont été décrites précédemment en référence à l'état de la technique.Figures 1 and 2 have been described above with reference to the state of the art.

Les figures 3 et 4 sont respectivement des vues de dessus et en coupe d'un filtre passe-bande selon l'invention réalisé en technologie guide d'ondes et comportant également trois résonateurs en λg/2. Les éléments identiques à ceux des figures 1 et 2 portent les mêmes références numériques.FIGS. 3 and 4 are respectively views from above and in section of a bandpass filter according to the invention produced in waveguide technology and also comprising three resonators in λg / 2. The elements identical to those of FIGS. 1 and 2 have the same numerical references.

Selon l'invention, le dispositif de couplage entre le conducteur principal de la ligne TEM, par exemple constitué par l'âme d'un câble coaxial, ce câble coaxial constituant la ligne TEM, comporte un iris réalisé autour de la pinule 25 et centré sur cette pinule 25. L'iris est référencé 30, 31 sur la figure 3 et est constitué par deux blocs métalliques de forme parallélépipédique. L'iris 30, 31 est clos du côté de la paroi contre laquelle est fixée la fiche SMA 24 et son volume intérieur 32 forme une zone où l'onde associée au champ magnétique est de type évanescente, comme il sera vu plus précisément sur la figure 5. L'axe médian 33 (Fig.4) de la vis d'accord 26 est dans le plan de l'ouverture de l'iris 30,31.According to the invention, the coupling device between the main conductor of the TEM line, for example constituted by the core of a coaxial cable, this coaxial cable constituting the TEM line, comprises an iris produced around the pinule 25 and centered on this pinule 25. The iris is referenced 30, 31 in FIG. 3 and is constituted by two metal blocks of parallelepiped shape. The iris 30, 31 is closed on the side of the wall against which the SMA plug 24 is fixed and its internal volume 32 forms a zone where the wave associated with the magnetic field is of the evanescent type, as will be seen more precisely on the Figure 5. The median axis 33 (Fig.4) of the tuning screw 26 is in the plane of the opening of the iris 30,31.

De même que dans l'état de la technique précité, les résonateurs 12 à 14 sont synchrones de la fréquence centrale du filtre passe-bande et les couplages inter-résonateurs jouent sur la fonction de transfert en fonction de la bande passante recherchée. Le couplage entre les résonateurs élargit la bande passante du filtre.As in the aforementioned prior art, the resonators 12 to 14 are synchronous with the center frequency of the bandpass filter and the inter-resonator couplings play on the transfer function as a function of the desired bandwidth. The coupling between the resonators widens the bandwidth of the filter.

Chaque résonateur a un coefficient de surtension propre défini par son milieu (ici de l'air), par le volume de l'espacement entre les tiges 15 à 20, par le matériau de surface utilisé, les imperfections de surface (aspérités, cratères,...), au poli des surfaces réalisé, etc...Each resonator has its own overvoltage coefficient defined by its medium (here air), by the volume of the spacing between the rods 15 to 20, by the surface material used, the surface imperfections (roughness, craters, ...), the polish of the surfaces produced, etc ...

Le couplage est de type magnétique au niveau de la pinule 25 et de la vis 26. Comme illustré sur la figure 5, qui est une vue en coupe selon V-V de la figure 3, une partie du champ magnétique, schématisé par les lignes de champ 50, entre dans le volume 32 de l'iris et cette partie est prélevée par la pinule 25 et la vis 26. Dans ce volume, le couplage a lieu sur un champ magnétique d'une onde associée évanescente. Le champ magnétique à proximité de l'iris, ainsi que dans cet iris, est perpendiculaire au dispositif de couplage.The coupling is of magnetic type at the level of the pin 25 and of the screw 26. As illustrated in FIG. 5, which is a sectional view along VV of FIG. 3, part of the magnetic field, schematized by the field lines 50, enters the volume 32 of the iris and this part is taken up by the pinule 25 and the screw 26. In this volume, the coupling takes place on a magnetic field of an associated evanescent wave. The magnetic field near the iris, as well as in this iris, is perpendicular to the coupling device.

L'iris 30, 31 est un classique iris de couplage, présentant ici la particularité d'être clos à l'une de ses extrémités. Sa section d'entrée est ouverte, dans le plan de l'axe médian 33 de la vis 26 et coïncide préférentiellement avec l'extrémité libre de la pinule, référencée 27 sur la figure 4. Cela revient à dire que la longueur de la pinule 25 est égale à la profondeur de l'iris 30, 31.The iris 30, 31 is a classic coupling iris, having here the particularity of being closed at one of its ends. Its entry section is open, in the plane of the median axis 33 of the screw 26 and preferably coincides with the free end of the pinule, referenced 27 in FIG. 4. This amounts to saying that the length of the pinule 25 is equal to the depth of the iris 30, 31.

Le connecteur SMA utilisé est de type standard et présente un diamètre extérieur de 4,15 mm, une âme de 1,27 mm de diamètre, le diélectrique utilisé étant du PTFE (Téflon, marque déposée).The SMA connector used is of the standard type and has an external diameter of 4.15 mm, a core of 1.27 mm in diameter, the dielectric used being PTFE (Teflon, registered trademark).

La distance séparant l'extrémité de la pinule située du côté de la paroi d'extrémité, cette extrémité étant référencée 34 sur la figure 4 et l'extrémité non libre de la vis d'accord, référencée 35 sur cette même figure, est inférieure à λ/4, avec λ la longueur d'onde de l'onde électromagnétique. On a donc L1+L2 < λ/4. La distance séparant l'extrémité libre de la vis d'accord 26 et l'extrémité 27 de la pinule est faible et il apparaît un effet capacitif entre ces deux éléments. Cette distance, additionnée à L1+L2, est égale à λ/4.The distance between the end of the pinule located on the side of the end wall, this end being referenced 34 in FIG. 4 and the non-free end of the tuning screw, referenced 35 in this same figure, is less at λ / 4, with λ the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. So we have L1 + L2 <λ / 4. The distance between the free end of the tuning screw 26 and the end 27 of the pinule is small and there appears a capacitive effect between these two elements. This distance, added to L1 + L2, is equal to λ / 4.

Le principal avantage de l'invention est qu'il existe une séparation importante entre la cavité et le couplage de sortie. L'iris charge peu la cavité en guide d'ondes et les réglages sont décorrélés. Plus précisément, les fonctions de translation en fréquence du filtre et de couplage avec la ligne TEM sont décorrélées. L'équi-ondulation est donc intrinsèquement constamment maintenue dans toute la bande et les pertes réduites. De plus, la plage de fonctionnement en fréquences du filtre est augmentée par rapport à l'état de la technique.The main advantage of the invention is that there is a significant separation between the cavity and the outlet coupling. The iris does not charge the cavity as a waveguide very much and the settings are uncorrelated. More precisely, the functions of frequency translation of the filter and of coupling with the TEM line are uncorrelated. The equi-ripple is therefore intrinsically constantly maintained throughout the band and the losses reduced. In addition, the frequency operating range of the filter is increased compared to the state of the art.

L'invention s'applique non seulement aux résonateurs rectangulaires, mais également aux résonateurs cylindriques. Le principe reste le même, à partir du moment où le champ est perpendiculaire au niveau de la susceptance formée par les vis de couplage.The invention applies not only to rectangular resonators, but also to cylindrical resonators. The principle remains the same, from the moment when the field is perpendicular to the level of the susceptance formed by the coupling screws.

De même, l'iris n'est pas nécessairement rectangulaire, comme représenté sur les figures 3 et 5, et peut être de forme oblongue ou circulaire. Dans ce dernier cas, l'iris a une forme de cylindre creux.Similarly, the iris is not necessarily rectangular, as shown in Figures 3 and 5, and may be oblong or circular. In the latter case, the iris has the shape of a hollow cylinder.

Sur les figures 3 à 5, l'accès selon l'invention est situé en extrémité de guide mais cet accès peut également être réalisé sur une paroi latérale de ce guide, l'essentiel étant qu'une onde évanescente soit présente à l'intérieur de l'iris.In FIGS. 3 to 5, the access according to the invention is located at the end of the guide, but this access can also be made on a side wall of this guide, the main thing being that an evanescent wave is present inside. iris.

Le dispositif de couplage décrit jusqu'ici a permis de réaliser un filtre passe-bande à 5 pôles (5 résonateurs) accordé de 7600 à 8400 MHz, la bande passante du filtre étant de 30 MHz et l'équi-ondulation réduite à 0,01 dB sur ces 30 MHz, ce qui correspond à un ROS (Rapport d'Ondes Stationnaires) d'entrée de 1,1.The coupling device described so far has made it possible to produce a 5-pole bandpass filter (5 resonators) tuned from 7600 to 8400 MHz, the bandwidth of the filter being 30 MHz and the equi-ripple reduced to 0, 01 dB on these 30 MHz, which corresponds to an input ROS (Stationary Wave Ratio) of 1.1.

Comme indiqué précédemment, l'extrémité de la pinule 25 est idéalement située à ras de la section d'entrée de l'iris. Cependant, il est possible de rallonger cette pinule de sorte qu'elle pénètre dans le guide, au-delà de la section d'entrée de l'iris. Elle joue dans ce cas un effet de rétraction électrique de la cavité et la fait monter en fréquence (l'effet est équivalent à utiliser une cavité plus petite). Il est ainsi possible de rattraper des dissymétries mécaniques, telles que celles citées précédemment.As indicated previously, the end of the pinule 25 is ideally located flush with the entry section of the iris. However, it is possible to extend this pinule so that it enters the guide, beyond the entry section of the iris. In this case, it plays an electric retraction effect of the cavity and makes it increase in frequency (the effect is equivalent to using a smaller cavity). It is thus possible to make up for mechanical asymmetries, such as those mentioned above.

Le couplage de l'invention est, de même que dans l'état de la technique, un couplage réciproque et passif, qui peut donc être aussi bien utilisé en entrée qu'en sortie de signal.The coupling of the invention is, as in the prior art, a reciprocal and passive coupling, which can therefore be used both for input and output of signal.

Par ailleurs, la ligne TEM n'est pas nécessairement constituée par un câble coaxial et peut par exemple être constituée par une ligne micro-ruban.Furthermore, the TEM line is not necessarily constituted by a coaxial cable and can for example be constituted by a microstrip line.

L'invention s'applique préférentiellement aux filtres bande étroite, de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de MHz de bande passante.The invention preferably applies to narrow band filters, of the order of a few tens of MHz of bandwidth.

Claims (6)

Dispositif de couplage magnétique entre un conducteur principal d'une ligne TEM et un guide d'ondes (10) formant résonateur en λg/2 et assurant la propagation d'une onde électromagnétique, ledit conducteur principal étant fixé contre une paroi dudit guide d'ondes (10) et prolongé par une pinule (25) à l'intérieur dudit guide d'ondes (10), ledit dispositif comprenant une vis d'accord (26) pénétrant dans ledit guide d'ondes (10) à proximité de l'extrémité libre de ladite pinule (25) et s'étendant perpendiculairement à ladite pinule (25), caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif de couplage comporte également un iris (30, 31) réalisé autour de ladite pinule (25) et centré sur cette pinule (25), ledit iris (30, 31) étant clos du côté de ladite paroi et son volume intérieur (32) formant une zone où l'onde du champ magnétique associée est de type évanescente, et en ce que l'axe médian (33) de ladite vis d'accord (26) est dans le plan de l'ouverture dudit iris (30, 31).Magnetic coupling device between a main conductor of a TEM line and a waveguide (10) forming a λg / 2 resonator and ensuring the propagation of an electromagnetic wave, said main conductor being fixed against a wall of said guide waves (10) and extended by a pinule (25) inside said waveguide (10), said device comprising a tuning screw (26) penetrating said waveguide (10) near the free end of said pinule (25) and extending perpendicular to said pinule (25), characterized in that said coupling device also comprises an iris (30, 31) produced around said pinule (25) and centered on this pinule (25), said iris (30, 31) being closed on the side of said wall and its internal volume (32) forming a zone where the wave of the associated magnetic field is of the evanescent type, and in that the median axis (33) of said tuning screw (26) is in the plane of the opening of said iris ( 30, 31). Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la distance séparant l'extrémité (34) de ladite pinule (25) située du côté de ladite paroi et l'extrémité non libre (35) de ladite vis d'accord (26) est inférieure à λ/4, avec λ la longueur d'onde de ladite onde électromagnétique.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance separating the end (34) of said pin (25) situated on the side of said wall and the non-free end (35) of said tuning screw (26) is less than λ / 4, with λ the wavelength of said electromagnetic wave. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit guide d'ondes (10) est de forme rectangulaire.Device according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the said waveguide (10) is of rectangular shape. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit guide d'ondes est de forme cylindrique.Device according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the said waveguide is of cylindrical shape. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit conducteur principal est constitué par l'âme d'un câble coaxial, ledit câble coaxial constituant ladite ligne TEM.Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said main conductor consists of the core of a coaxial cable, said coaxial cable constituting said TEM line. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la longueur (L1) de ladite pinule (25) est égale à la profondeur dudit iris (30, 31).Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the length (L1) of said pinule (25) is equal to the depth of said iris (30, 31).
EP96401715A 1995-08-04 1996-08-01 Magnetic coupling device between a main conductor of a TEM line and a waveguide, forming a gamma/g/2 resonator Withdrawn EP0757403A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR9509540A FR2737611B1 (en) 1995-08-04 1995-08-04 MAGNETIC COUPLING DEVICE BETWEEN A MAIN CONDUCTOR OF A TEM LINE AND A WAVEGUIDE FORMING A LAMBDAG / 2 RESONATOR
FR9509540 1995-08-04

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EP (1) EP0757403A1 (en)
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US9287599B1 (en) * 2011-04-12 2016-03-15 Active Spectrum, Inc. Miniature tunable filter
RU2735360C1 (en) * 2020-02-04 2020-10-30 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное предприятие "Пульсар" Coaxial-waveguide broadband junction

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JPH0537211A (en) * 1991-07-26 1993-02-12 Nec Corp Coaxial waveguide converter circuit

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US3758886A (en) * 1972-11-01 1973-09-11 Us Navy Versatile in line waveguide to coax transistion
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FR2118964A1 (en) * 1970-12-23 1972-08-04 Fujitsu Ltd
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JPH0537211A (en) * 1991-07-26 1993-02-12 Nec Corp Coaxial waveguide converter circuit

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US5691672A (en) 1997-11-25
FR2737611A1 (en) 1997-02-07
JPH09107211A (en) 1997-04-22
NO963212L (en) 1997-02-05
CA2182614A1 (en) 1997-02-05
NO963212D0 (en) 1996-08-01

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