EP0581190A1 - Vorrichtung zum katalytischen Reinigen der Abgase von Verbrennungsmotoren - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum katalytischen Reinigen der Abgase von Verbrennungsmotoren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0581190A1
EP0581190A1 EP93111728A EP93111728A EP0581190A1 EP 0581190 A1 EP0581190 A1 EP 0581190A1 EP 93111728 A EP93111728 A EP 93111728A EP 93111728 A EP93111728 A EP 93111728A EP 0581190 A1 EP0581190 A1 EP 0581190A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier bodies
bodies
honeycomb
housing
successive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93111728A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Harald Dipl.-Ing. Bressler
Michael Dipl.-Ing. Kohler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tenneco GmbH
Original Assignee
Heinrich Gillet GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heinrich Gillet GmbH filed Critical Heinrich Gillet GmbH
Publication of EP0581190A1 publication Critical patent/EP0581190A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
    • F01N3/2867—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing the mats or gaskets being placed at the front or end face of catalyst body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
    • F01N3/2857—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing the mats or gaskets being at least partially made of intumescent material, e.g. unexpanded vermiculite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/14—Sintered material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2350/00—Arrangements for fitting catalyst support or particle filter element in the housing
    • F01N2350/02—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing
    • F01N2350/04—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing with means compensating thermal expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/10—Tubes having non-circular cross section

Definitions

  • the invention relates to devices for the catalytic purification of the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Catalysts for cleaning the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines are in use worldwide in millions. They have a housing made of stainless steel, in which carrier bodies made of ceramic or metal with a honeycomb or cellular structure are usually accommodated. The surface of the honeycomb or cells is coated with a catalytically active precious metal alloy.
  • the length of the carrier body essentially depends on the speed at which the catalytic reaction proceeds.
  • the exhaust gas must remain in the area of the catalytically active precious metal coating until all pollutants have been converted.
  • the carrier bodies are therefore between approx. 7 and 16 cm long and are mounted at a mutual distance of typically 2 cm.
  • the length of a catalyst housing thus varies between approx. 16 and approx. 41 cm, not counting the inlet and outlet cones.
  • the volume of the catalyst results from the product of length and cross section.
  • the cross section of the carrier body is proportional to the maximum engine power or the maximum exhaust gas flow.
  • a disadvantage of the conventional catalysts is that the exhaust gas concentrates predominantly in the center of the first support body, so that the large area Marginal areas make little contribution to catalytic cleaning. Attempts have already been made to counteract this by installing flow control bodies in the inlet funnel (DE-A-24 28 966, DE-A-23 14 465, EP-B-0 256 416), but these measures are problematic with regard to durability .
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of further developing the catalysts in such a way that with less catalyst volume, ie. H. With shorter carrier bodies, an at least equally good cleaning effect in new condition and increased resistance to aging is achieved.
  • At least two, preferably at least three support bodies are now used, which are considerably shorter than currently customary and, if possible, should be installed without mutual spacing.
  • the decisive factor here is that the partial gas flows leaving the cells or honeycombs of one carrier body meet a wall between the cells or honeycombs of the subsequent carrier body.
  • this is achieved in that the honeycomb or cell walls of the carrier bodies are rotated relative to one another, a rotation by approximately 15 degrees being sufficient; up to 45 degrees are possible.
  • this is achieved in that the honeycombs or cells of successive carrier bodies are linearly offset from one another, an offset of approximately half a honeycomb or cell being optimal.
  • This rotation of the cells or honeycombs can advantageously be achieved by rotating the cell or honeycomb matrix within the then constant outer contour of the carrier body. In this way it is possible to continue to use conventional catalyst housings unchanged.
  • Successive carrier bodies preferably each have mirror-image twisting patterns with respect to one another. This can be achieved, for example, by using carrier bodies cut from an extruded blank, each rotated by 180 degrees, one behind the other.
  • the total length and thus the total volume of the catalytically coated support bodies can be reduced by up to 25% compared to the current state of the art.
  • the elimination of the distances between the carrier bodies further shrinks the length of the housing.
  • the pressure losses in the catalyst decrease.
  • the effects according to the invention can be achieved not only by twisting or displacing successive support bodies, but also by support bodies with different honeycomb or cell shapes or different honeycomb or cell sizes.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a first catalyst.
  • a cylindrical housing 1 with inlet cone 2 and outlet cone 3 can be seen, in the interior of which three catalytically coated carrier bodies 5.1, 5.2, 5.1, for example three ceramic honeycomb bodies, are mounted one behind the other with the aid of a so-called swelling mat 4.
  • the lengths l1, l2, l3 of the individual carrier bodies vary between approximately 2 and 5 cm. They have mutual distances of up to approx. 1 mm.
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a second catalytic converter with three support bodies 5.1, 5.4, 5.1.
  • the middle carrier body 5.4 has a different cell structure than its neighbors 5.1.
  • Fig. 3 shows a third catalyst with three support bodies 5.1, 5.3, 5.1.
  • the middle carrier body 5.3 is twisted relative to its neighbors 5.1, a twist of approximately 15 degrees being sufficient for identical honeycombs.
  • the housing 1 shown here is designed for up to five carrier bodies 5.
  • the number of carrier bodies 5 is adapted to the respective needs in a modular manner. The advantages of reduced weight, reduced price and increased aging resistance are fully retained.
  • Fig. 4 shows a catalyst with five similar support bodies 5.1 without a mutual distance.
  • Adjacent support bodies 5.1 are mutually linearly offset, preferably by half a honeycomb or cell.
  • the housing 1 ' is provided with correspondingly linearly offset receptacles 6.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 show two linearly offset cross sections by a catalytic converter with an elliptical housing 1 '', composed of two half-shells.
  • elliptical receptacles 6 are stamped into the housing halves, the axes 12.1, 12.2 of which are rotated so far against the axes 11 of the housing 1 '' that the axes 12.1, 12.2 of successive rotary bodies 5.5 are about 5 to 15 degrees are twisted against each other.
  • Fig. 7 shows a cross section through an elliptical support body 5.6, on the outer surface of which additional material 7 has been applied in such a way that a new body with an elliptical cross section is formed, the axes 13 of which are rotated against the axes 12 of the honeycomb body 5.6, so that a corresponding rotation of successive support bodies in a standard metal housing.
  • the first column of each pair of columns shows the average measured value for new catalysts
  • the second shows the average measured value after an endurance test on the test bench, which corresponds to a motor vehicle mileage of approx. 20,000 km on the motorway.
  • the exhaust gas values were determined using the so-called FTP-75 test.
  • types A and D age considerably faster than types B, C and E. Furthermore, it can be seen that the cleaning effect of type E is practically identical to that of type B, despite the shorter overall length of the honeycomb body it is therefore possible to significantly reduce the length of the honeycomb body and thus save a corresponding amount of volume, price and weight.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
EP93111728A 1992-07-25 1993-07-22 Vorrichtung zum katalytischen Reinigen der Abgase von Verbrennungsmotoren Withdrawn EP0581190A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9210010U DE9210010U1 (de) 1992-07-25 1992-07-25 Vorrichtung zum katalytischen Reinigen der Abgase von Verbrennungsmotoren
DE9110010U 1992-07-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0581190A1 true EP0581190A1 (de) 1994-02-02

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93111728A Withdrawn EP0581190A1 (de) 1992-07-25 1993-07-22 Vorrichtung zum katalytischen Reinigen der Abgase von Verbrennungsmotoren

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0581190A1 (ja)
DE (1) DE9210010U1 (ja)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1634030A1 (de) * 2003-06-23 2006-03-15 Porzellanfabrik Frauenthal GmbH Wabenkörpereinrichtung für die thermische abgasbehandlung
DE19636662B4 (de) * 1995-09-19 2008-01-17 Heinrich Gillet Gmbh Abgaskatalysator für Verbrennungsmotoren
CN115355076A (zh) * 2022-08-08 2022-11-18 合肥工业大学 一种选择催化还原系统用催化剂载体

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19627289A1 (de) * 1996-06-16 1997-12-18 Andreas Dipl Ing Gifhorn Segmentale Anordnung von Katalysatormonolithen
DE102005014265A1 (de) 2005-03-24 2006-10-12 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Abgasanlage mit zwei Abgasbehandlungseinheiten
DE102007008954B4 (de) 2007-02-21 2009-12-17 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Katalysatorsystem und seine Verwendung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0073150A2 (en) * 1981-08-20 1983-03-02 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Catalyst devices
US4407785A (en) * 1972-11-28 1983-10-04 Engelhard Corporation Method of conducting catalytically promoted gas-phase reactions
WO1992002716A1 (de) * 1990-08-06 1992-02-20 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Monolithischer metallischer wabenkörper mit variierender kanalzahl

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4407785A (en) * 1972-11-28 1983-10-04 Engelhard Corporation Method of conducting catalytically promoted gas-phase reactions
EP0073150A2 (en) * 1981-08-20 1983-03-02 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Catalyst devices
WO1992002716A1 (de) * 1990-08-06 1992-02-20 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Monolithischer metallischer wabenkörper mit variierender kanalzahl

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 356 (M-745)26. September 1988 & JP-A-63 113 112 ( MAZDA ) 18. Mai 1988 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19636662B4 (de) * 1995-09-19 2008-01-17 Heinrich Gillet Gmbh Abgaskatalysator für Verbrennungsmotoren
EP1634030A1 (de) * 2003-06-23 2006-03-15 Porzellanfabrik Frauenthal GmbH Wabenkörpereinrichtung für die thermische abgasbehandlung
CN115355076A (zh) * 2022-08-08 2022-11-18 合肥工业大学 一种选择催化还原系统用催化剂载体

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Publication number Publication date
DE9210010U1 (de) 1992-10-22

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