EP0580534A1 - Method and apparatus for pretreating and coating a surface - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for pretreating and coating a surface Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0580534A1
EP0580534A1 EP93440056A EP93440056A EP0580534A1 EP 0580534 A1 EP0580534 A1 EP 0580534A1 EP 93440056 A EP93440056 A EP 93440056A EP 93440056 A EP93440056 A EP 93440056A EP 0580534 A1 EP0580534 A1 EP 0580534A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
substrate
preparation
laser
laser beam
projection
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EP93440056A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0580534B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Louis Michel Coddet
Thierry Marchione
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Institut Polytechnique De Sevenans(etablissement Public A Caractere Scientifique Culturel Et Professionnel)
Irepa Laser Intitut Regional De Promotion de la Recherche Appliquee
Institut Polytechnique de Sevenans
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Institut Polytechnique De Sevenans(etablissement Public A Caractere Scientifique Culturel Et Professionnel)
Irepa Laser Intitut Regional De Promotion de la Recherche Appliquee
Institut Polytechnique de Sevenans
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Publication of EP0580534A1 publication Critical patent/EP0580534A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of surface treatments, more particularly that of surface deposits, and relates to a method for preparing and coating the surface as well as a device for carrying out said method.
  • the surface properties of the substrate and the quality of the interface between the surface of said substrate and the material of the deposit play a key role in the mechanical strength and adhesion of said deposit.
  • the usual ranges of surface preparation generally include, on the one hand, a first coarse degreasing, on the other hand, a mechanical surface preparation using tools or supported abrasive materials (polishers), in suspension (tumbling, vibration ) or projected (sandblasting, shot blasting) and, finally, a second additional degreasing.
  • the present invention aims in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and, beyond, may allow the continuation of this approach during the coating process.
  • a process for preparing and coating the surface of substrates said coating being produced by thermal spraying under a normal or controlled atmosphere, characterized in that it consists essentially in gradually subjecting the surface to be treated to a substrate for laser irradiation, resulting in total or partial elimination of the surface contaminating film and a modification of the morphology of the underlying surface of the substrate, and in projecting, via a thermal spraying device, the material supply to the surface area thus prepared, immediately after said preparation and in synchronism with the latter, so that in case of permanent maintenance of the action of the laser during the projection of the deposit, the successive preparation of the surface of each layer constituting the deposit will allow the improvement of the properties of the deposit.
  • the invention also relates to a device for preparing and coating the surface for implementing the above-mentioned method, characterized in that it is mainly constituted, on the one hand, by a thermal spraying device, for example at plasma torch, on the other hand, by a device for generating a pulsed laser beam, and, finally, by a device for controlled support and displacement of the substrate to be treated, the zone of impact of the laser beam on the substrate being either confused with the impact zone of the projection beam of the deposition material, or disposed adjacent to the latter in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the substrate.
  • the surface preparation and coating process essentially consists in gradually subjecting the surface to be treated of a substrate to laser irradiation 2, resulting in total or partial elimination of the surface contaminating film 3 and a modification of the morphology of the surface 4 underlying the substrate 1, and to be projected, via a thermal spraying device 9, the filler material 5 on the surface area 6 prepared, immediately after said preparation operation and in synchronism with the latter.
  • the action of the laser beam 2 incident on the surface of the substrate 1 covered with a film 3 of contaminating materials results in three distinct phenomena, namely, on the one hand, a simple thermal effect, on the other hand, a vaporization d at least part of the contaminating film 3 creating a plasma of vaporized materials having high ejection speeds, and, finally, a shock wave induced by the natural expansion of the plasma.
  • the plasma of material vapors induces a compression shock wave, from the surface of the part of the contaminating film 3 remaining towards the core of the substrate 1, said compression wave being reflected at the level of the contaminating film interface 3. - surface 4 of the substrate 1 and thus causing detachment, fracturing and expulsion of the remaining part of said contaminating film 3 (Fig. 2).
  • the deposition of the filler material 5 is carried out immediately after preparation by laser beam 2, thus preventing any formation of a new surface contaminating film 3, in particular by oxidation of the material of the substrate 1 at the surface (FIG. 3) or condensation.
  • the surface preparation according to the invention is advantageously carried out by means of successive laser pulses, causing elimination of the contaminants by adjacent zones 8, each of which may be subjected to several consecutive impacts.
  • the values of impact frequency and area of area of laser irradiation 8 are adjusted to the speed of movement, preferably optimal, of the thermal projection device 9 relative to the surface 4 of the substrate 1, thus making it possible to precisely synchronize the action of the laser beam 2 with that of the device 9 and therefore to bring as close as possible, for a given area of the surface of the substrate, the instant of surface preparation and that of the deposition of the filler material 5 by thermal spraying.
  • the power of the laser pulses can advantageously be adjusted so as to carry out, in addition to the elimination of the contaminating film 3, a fusion and / or a surface deformation of the material of the substrate 1 at the level of the impact zone 8 of said laser beam 2.
  • the value of the power necessary to obtain this result depends, of course, on the thickness of the contaminating film 3 and on the nature of the material of the substrate 1 to be treated. This results in an irregular surface 4 of the substrate 1 after laser irradiation, in particular at the center of the impact zones 8, having a high roughness promoting the adhesion of the deposit of filler material 5 by consecutive thermal spraying.
  • the method of surface preparation and coating consists, during the application of several superimposed layers 7 of filler material 5 by successive deposits (Fig. 3), to be carried out, a given area, immediately before depositing each new layer 7, preparation and modification by laser beam 2 of the layer 7 deposited flush.
  • the contaminants 3, condensates and weakly adherent particles possibly present on the last layer 7 of filler material 5 deposited during the passage are removed, under the permanent action of the pulsed laser beam 2.
  • the invention also relates to a device for preparing and coating the surface for implementing the method, consisting, on the one hand, of a thermal spraying device 9, on the other hand, of a generation device 11 of pulsed laser beam 2, and, finally, a device for controlled support and displacement of the substrate 1 to be treated, the impact zone 8 of the laser beam 2 on the substrate 1 being either coincident with the impact zone of the beam of projection 12 of the device 9, or disposed adjacent to the latter in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the substrate 1.
  • the support and displacement device performs, for the treatment of substrates 1 having an axis of symmetry, a rotation of said substrate 1 around its axis of symmetry, the thermal projection device 9 and the laser beam generation device 11 being arranged around said substrate 1 in such a way that the direction of propagation of the laser beam 2 and the direction of the beam 12 of projection of the material d 'input 5 are close to normal to the surface of the substrate 1, the angle between the two beams 2 and 12, preferably as small as possible, being adapted to the geometry and the size of the part.
  • the devices used are described below, the settings of the surface preparation and deposition parameters as well as the results obtained for a deposition of filler material 5 consisting of Al2O3 at 60% by weight and TiO2 at 40% by weight, on a substrate consisting of AU4G.
  • the device 11 for generating the laser pulses is in the form of a YAG-Nd laser. triggered, known under the designation 502 DNS from the company BMI, the wavelength of which is 1.06 ⁇ m, the duration of the pulses of 12 ns, the power per pulse up to 700 mJ, and the diameter of the spot d '' approximately 8 mm, and making it possible to eliminate, for example, contaminating films 3 having thicknesses up to 0.25 ⁇ m (titanium oxide).

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for preparing and coating a surface, and a device for the implementation of the said method. Method for preparing and coating the surface of substrates, by thermal spraying under a normal or controlled atmosphere, is characterised in that it essentially consists in progressively subjecting the surface of a substrate (1) to be treated to laser radiation (2), leading to a total or partial elimination of the superficial contaminating film and a modification of the morphology of the subjacent surface of the substrate (1), and in spraying, by means of a thermal-spraying device (9), the supply material onto the surface zone thus prepared, immediately after the said preparation and in synchronism with the latter, so that should the action of the laser be maintained continuously during the spraying of the deposition, the successive preparation of the surfaces of each layer constituting the deposition will enable the properties of the deposition to be improved. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine des traitements de surface, plus particulièrement celui des dépôts superficiels, et a pour objet un procédé de préparation et de revêtement de surface ainsi qu'un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé.The present invention relates to the field of surface treatments, more particularly that of surface deposits, and relates to a method for preparing and coating the surface as well as a device for carrying out said method.

Lors d'un traitement de couverture d'un substrat ou subjectile par l'intermédiaire d'un dépôt, les propriétés superficielles du subjectile et la qualité de l'interface entre la surface dudit subjectile et le matériau du dépôt jouent un rôle primordial dans la tenue mécanique et l'adhérence dudit dépôt.During a covering treatment of a substrate or substrate by means of a deposit, the surface properties of the substrate and the quality of the interface between the surface of said substrate and the material of the deposit play a key role in the mechanical strength and adhesion of said deposit.

Ceci est particulièrement vérifié dans le cas d'une application du dépôt au moyen d'une projection thermique, par exemple par plasma d'arc soufflé ou par chalumeau.This is particularly verified in the case of an application of the deposit by means of thermal spraying, for example by blown arc plasma or by torch.

Actuellement, il existe principalement deux types de préparations d'une surface en vue d'un dépôt, à savoir les gammes de préparation de surface et les procédés d'amélioration de l'aspect géométrique de surface, les deux types de préparations étant appliqués dans le cadre d'un revêtement par projection thermique.Currently, there are mainly two types of surface preparations for deposition, namely the ranges of surface preparation and the methods for improving the geometric appearance of the surface, the two types of preparations being applied in as part of a thermal spray coating.

Les gammes de préparation de surface usuelles comprennent généralement, d'une part, un premier dégraissage grossier, d'autre part, une préparation de surface mécanique au moyen d'outils ou de matériaux abrasifs supportés (polisseuses), en suspension (tonnelage, vibrage) ou projetés (sablage, grenaillage) et, enfin, un second dégraissage complémentaire.The usual ranges of surface preparation generally include, on the one hand, a first coarse degreasing, on the other hand, a mechanical surface preparation using tools or supported abrasive materials (polishers), in suspension (tumbling, vibration ) or projected (sandblasting, shot blasting) and, finally, a second additional degreasing.

Néanmoins, ces différentes opérations nécessitent chacune une installation particulière correspondante, avec adaptation éventuelle de chaque installation à l'état du subjectile à dégraisser et aux propriétés superficielles requises.Nevertheless, these different operations each require a corresponding specific installation, with possible adaptation of each installation to the state of the substrate to be degreased and to the surface properties. required.

De plus, les opérations mécaniques de préparation de surface provoquent sur certains matériaux un enchâssement de particules au niveau de la surface, néfaste pour les propriétés ultérieures du dépôt sur le subjectile ou substrat, ainsi qu'une déformation de ces derniers lorsqu'ils sont de faible épaisseur.In addition, mechanical surface preparation operations cause certain materials to become embedded in the surface, which is detrimental to the subsequent properties of the deposit on the substrate or substrate, as well as their deformation when they are thin.

Par ailleurs, certains matériaux, tels que le titane, l'aluminium ou leurs alliages, présentent une très grande affinité pour l'oxygène et se ré-oxydent très rapidement après une préparation de surface mécanique. Ainsi, le temps nécessaire à l'installation du subjectile préparé, sans tenir compte du temps nécessaire à l'extraction dudit subjectile de l'installation de préparation mécanique et à son transport vers l'installation de projection thermique, est en lui-même déjà suffisant pour aboutir, sous atmosphère ambiante, à la formation d'une couche d'oxyde, certes de faible épaisseur, mais toutefois néfaste pour la tenue mécanique et l'adhérence du dépôt appliqué ultérieurement.In addition, certain materials, such as titanium, aluminum or their alloys, have a very high affinity for oxygen and re-oxidize very quickly after a mechanical surface preparation. Thus, the time necessary for the installation of the prepared substrate, without taking into account the time necessary for the extraction of said substrate from the mechanical preparation installation and its transport to the thermal spraying installation, is in itself already sufficient to result, under ambient atmosphere, in the formation of an oxide layer, admittedly of small thickness, but nevertheless harmful for the mechanical strength and the adhesion of the deposit applied subsequently.

La présente invention a notamment pour but de pallier les inconvénients précités et, au-delà, peut permettre la poursuite de cette approche au cours du processus de revêtement.The present invention aims in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and, beyond, may allow the continuation of this approach during the coating process.

A cet effet, elle a pour objet un procédé de préparation et de revêtement de surface de subjectiles, ledit revêtement étant réalisé par projection thermique sous atmosphère normale ou contrôlée, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste essentiellement à soumettre progressivement la surface à traiter d'un subjectile à une irradiation laser, entraînant une élimination totale ou partielle du film contaminant superficiel et une modification de la morphologie de la surface sous-jacente du subjectile, et à projeter, par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de projection thermique, le matériau d'apport sur la zone de surface ainsi préparée, immédiatement après ladite préparation et en synchronisme avec cette dernière, de sorte qu'en cas de maintien permanent de l'action du laser pendant la projection du dépôt, la préparation successive de la surface de chaque couche constituant le dépôt permettra l'amélioration des propriétés du dépôt.To this end, it relates to a process for preparing and coating the surface of substrates, said coating being produced by thermal spraying under a normal or controlled atmosphere, characterized in that it consists essentially in gradually subjecting the surface to be treated to a substrate for laser irradiation, resulting in total or partial elimination of the surface contaminating film and a modification of the morphology of the underlying surface of the substrate, and in projecting, via a thermal spraying device, the material supply to the surface area thus prepared, immediately after said preparation and in synchronism with the latter, so that in case of permanent maintenance of the action of the laser during the projection of the deposit, the successive preparation of the surface of each layer constituting the deposit will allow the improvement of the properties of the deposit.

L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif de préparation et de revêtement de surface pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé précité, caractérisé en ce qu'il est principalement constitué, d'une part, par un dispositif de projection thermique, par exemple à torche à plasma, d'autre part, par un dispositif de génération de rayon laser impulsionnel, et, enfin, par un dispositif de support et de déplacement contrôlé du subjectile à traiter, la zone d'impact du rayon laser sur le subjectile étant soit confondue avec la zone d'impact du faisceau de projection du matériau de dépôt, soit diposée adjacente à cette dernière dans une direction opposée à la direction de déplacement du subjectile.The invention also relates to a device for preparing and coating the surface for implementing the above-mentioned method, characterized in that it is mainly constituted, on the one hand, by a thermal spraying device, for example at plasma torch, on the other hand, by a device for generating a pulsed laser beam, and, finally, by a device for controlled support and displacement of the substrate to be treated, the zone of impact of the laser beam on the substrate being either confused with the impact zone of the projection beam of the deposition material, or disposed adjacent to the latter in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the substrate.

L'invention sera mieux comprise grâce à la description ci-après, qui se rapporte à un mode de réalisation préféré, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, et expliqué avec référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un dispositif de préparation de surface et de revêtement de surface conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe d'un subjectile soumis au procédé de préparation selon l'invention, et
  • la figure 3 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 2 représentant le procédé de revêtement de surface selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood thanks to the description below, which relates to a preferred embodiment, given by way of nonlimiting example, and explained with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a surface preparation device and surface coating according to the invention;
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a substrate subjected to the preparation process according to the invention, and
  • Figure 3 is a view similar to that of Figure 2 showing the surface coating method according to the invention.

Conformément à l'invention, le procédé de préparation et de revêtement de surface consiste essentiellement à soumettre progressivement la surface à traiter d'un subjectile à une irradiation laser 2, entraînant une élimination totale ou partielle du film contaminant 3 superficiel et une modification de la morphologie de la surface 4 sous-jacente du subjectile 1, et à projeter, par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de projection thermique 9, le matériau d'apport 5 sur la zone de surface 6 préparée, immédiatement après ladite opération de préparation et en synchronisme avec cette dernière.According to the invention, the surface preparation and coating process essentially consists in gradually subjecting the surface to be treated of a substrate to laser irradiation 2, resulting in total or partial elimination of the surface contaminating film 3 and a modification of the morphology of the surface 4 underlying the substrate 1, and to be projected, via a thermal spraying device 9, the filler material 5 on the surface area 6 prepared, immediately after said preparation operation and in synchronism with the latter.

L'action du rayon laser 2 incident sur la surface du subjectile 1 recouverte d'un film 3 de matières contaminantes résulte en trois phénomènes distincts, à savoir, d'une part, un effet thermique simple, d'autre part, une vaporisation d'une partie au moins du film contaminant 3 créant un plasma de matériaux vaporisés présentant des vitesses d'éjection importantes, et, enfin, une onde de choc induite par l'expansion naturelle du plasma.The action of the laser beam 2 incident on the surface of the substrate 1 covered with a film 3 of contaminating materials results in three distinct phenomena, namely, on the one hand, a simple thermal effect, on the other hand, a vaporization d at least part of the contaminating film 3 creating a plasma of vaporized materials having high ejection speeds, and, finally, a shock wave induced by the natural expansion of the plasma.

De plus, le plasma de vapeurs de matériaux induit une onde de choc de compression, de la surface de la partie du film contaminant 3 restante vers le coeur du subjectile 1, ladite onde de compression étant réfléchie au niveau de l'interface film contaminant 3 - surface 4 du subjectile 1 et provoquant ainsi un décollement, une fracturation et une expulsion de la partie restante dudit film contaminant 3 (Fig. 2).In addition, the plasma of material vapors induces a compression shock wave, from the surface of the part of the contaminating film 3 remaining towards the core of the substrate 1, said compression wave being reflected at the level of the contaminating film interface 3. - surface 4 of the substrate 1 and thus causing detachment, fracturing and expulsion of the remaining part of said contaminating film 3 (Fig. 2).

Il en résulte une surface du subjectile rendue parfaitement apte à recevoir le dépôt en une unique opération de traitement.This results in a surface of the substrate made perfectly suitable for receiving the deposit in a single processing operation.

Par ailleurs, le dépôt du matériau d'apport 5 est réalisé immédiatement après préparation par rayon laser 2, empêchant ainsi toute formation d'un nouveau film contaminant 3 superficiel, notamment par oxydation du matériau du subjectile 1 en surface (Fig. 3) ou condensation.Furthermore, the deposition of the filler material 5 is carried out immediately after preparation by laser beam 2, thus preventing any formation of a new surface contaminating film 3, in particular by oxidation of the material of the substrate 1 at the surface (FIG. 3) or condensation.

La préparation de surface selon l'invention est avantageusement effectuée au moyen d'impulsions laser successives, entraînant une élimination des contaminants par zones 8 adjacentes, pouvant chacune être soumise à plusieurs impacts consécutifs.The surface preparation according to the invention is advantageously carried out by means of successive laser pulses, causing elimination of the contaminants by adjacent zones 8, each of which may be subjected to several consecutive impacts.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, les valeurs de fréquence d'impact et de surface de zone d'irradiation laser 8 sont ajustées à la vitesse de déplacement, préférentiellement optimale, du dispositif de projection thermique 9 par rapport à la surface 4 du subjectile 1, permettant ainsi de synchroniser précisément l'action du rayon laser 2 avec celle du dispositif 9 et donc de rapprocher au maximum, pour une zone donnée de la surface du subjectile, l'instant de la préparation de surface et celui du dépôt du matériau d'apport 5 par projection thermique.According to a characteristic of the invention, the values of impact frequency and area of area of laser irradiation 8 are adjusted to the speed of movement, preferably optimal, of the thermal projection device 9 relative to the surface 4 of the substrate 1, thus making it possible to precisely synchronize the action of the laser beam 2 with that of the device 9 and therefore to bring as close as possible, for a given area of the surface of the substrate, the instant of surface preparation and that of the deposition of the filler material 5 by thermal spraying.

En outre, la puissance des impulsions laser peut avantageusement être réglée de manière à réaliser, en plus de l'élimination du film contaminant 3, une fusion et/ou une déformation superficielle du matériau du subjectile 1 au niveau de la zone d'impact 8 dudit rayon laser 2. La valeur de la puissance nécessaire pour obtenir ce résultat dépend, bien évidemment, de l'épaisseur du film contaminant 3 et de la nature du matériau du subjectile 1 à traiter. Il en résulte une surface 4 irrégulière du subjectile 1 après irradiation laser, notamment au centre des zones d'impact 8, présentant une rugosité élevée favorisant l'adhérence du dépôt de matériau d'apport 5 par projection thermique consécutive.In addition, the power of the laser pulses can advantageously be adjusted so as to carry out, in addition to the elimination of the contaminating film 3, a fusion and / or a surface deformation of the material of the substrate 1 at the level of the impact zone 8 of said laser beam 2. The value of the power necessary to obtain this result depends, of course, on the thickness of the contaminating film 3 and on the nature of the material of the substrate 1 to be treated. This results in an irregular surface 4 of the substrate 1 after laser irradiation, in particular at the center of the impact zones 8, having a high roughness promoting the adhesion of the deposit of filler material 5 by consecutive thermal spraying.

Conformément à une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le procédé de préparation et de revêtement de surface consiste, lors de l'application de plusieurs couches 7 superposées de matériau d'apport 5 par dépôts successifs (Fig. 3), à réaliser, pour une zone donnée, immédiatement avant dépôt de chaque nouvelle couche 7, une préparation et une modification par rayon laser 2 de la couche 7 déposée affleurante.In accordance with another characteristic of the invention, the method of surface preparation and coating consists, during the application of several superimposed layers 7 of filler material 5 by successive deposits (Fig. 3), to be carried out, a given area, immediately before depositing each new layer 7, preparation and modification by laser beam 2 of the layer 7 deposited flush.

Ainsi, pour une zone donnée du subjectile 1, on élimine, sous l'action permanente du rayon laser 2 impulsionnel, les contaminants 3, condensats et particules peu adhérentes éventuellement présents sur la dernière couche 7 de matériau d'apport 5 déposé lors du passage précédent du dispositif 9 et, simultanément, on réalise un compactage des couches 7 précédentes, résultant en une diminution sensible de la porosité, ainsi qu'un renforcement de la tenue mécanique de l'ensemble du revêtement appliqué.Thus, for a given area of the substrate 1, the contaminants 3, condensates and weakly adherent particles possibly present on the last layer 7 of filler material 5 deposited during the passage are removed, under the permanent action of the pulsed laser beam 2. device 9 and, simultaneously, a compaction of the previous layers 7 is carried out, resulting in a reduction sensitive to porosity, as well as a strengthening of the mechanical strength of the entire coating applied.

L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif de préparation et de revêtement de surface pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé, constitué, d'une part, par un dispositif de projection thermique 9, d'autre part, par un dispositif 11 de génération de rayon laser 2 impulsionnel, et, enfin, un dispositif de support et de déplacement contrôlé du subjectile 1 à traiter, la zone d'impact 8 du rayon laser 2 sur le subjectile 1 étant soit confondue avec la zone d'impact du faisceau de projection 12 du dispositif 9, soit disposée adjacente à cette dernière dans une direction opposée à la direction de déplacement du subjectile 1.The invention also relates to a device for preparing and coating the surface for implementing the method, consisting, on the one hand, of a thermal spraying device 9, on the other hand, of a generation device 11 of pulsed laser beam 2, and, finally, a device for controlled support and displacement of the substrate 1 to be treated, the impact zone 8 of the laser beam 2 on the substrate 1 being either coincident with the impact zone of the beam of projection 12 of the device 9, or disposed adjacent to the latter in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the substrate 1.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, et comme le montre la figure 1 des dessins annexés, le dispositif de support et de déplacement réalise, pour le traitement de subjectiles 1 présentant un axe de symétrie, une rotation dudit subjectile 1 autour de son axe de symétrie, le dispositif de projection thermique 9 et le dispositif 11 de génération de rayon laser 2 étant disposés autour dudit subjectile 1 de manière telle que la direction de propagation du rayon laser 2 et la direction du faisceau 12 de projection du matériau d'apport 5 soient proches de la normale à la surface du subjectile 1, l'angle entre les deux faisceaux 2 et 12, de préférence le plus petit possible, étant adapté à la géométrie et à l'encombrement de la pièce.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, and as shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, the support and displacement device performs, for the treatment of substrates 1 having an axis of symmetry, a rotation of said substrate 1 around its axis of symmetry, the thermal projection device 9 and the laser beam generation device 11 being arranged around said substrate 1 in such a way that the direction of propagation of the laser beam 2 and the direction of the beam 12 of projection of the material d 'input 5 are close to normal to the surface of the substrate 1, the angle between the two beams 2 and 12, preferably as small as possible, being adapted to the geometry and the size of the part.

A titre d'exemple de réalisation pratique, il est décrit ci-après les dispositifs mis en oeuvre, les réglages des paramètres de préparation de surface et de dépôt ainsi que les résultats obtenus pour un dépôt de matériau d'apport 5 constitué de Al₂O₃ à 60 % en poids et de TiO₂ à 40 % en poids, sur un subjectile consistant en du AU4G.By way of practical example, the devices used are described below, the settings of the surface preparation and deposition parameters as well as the results obtained for a deposition of filler material 5 consisting of Al₂O₃ at 60% by weight and TiO₂ at 40% by weight, on a substrate consisting of AU4G.

Le dispositif 11 de génération des impulsions laser se présente sous la forme d'un laser YAG-Nd déclenché, connu sous la désignation 502 DNS de la société BMI, dont la longueur d'onde est de 1,06 µm, la durée des impulsions de 12 ns, la puissance par impulsion jusqu'à 700 mJ, et le diamètre du spot d'environ 8 mm, et permettant d'éliminer, par exemple, des films contaminants 3 ayant des épaisseurs jusqu'à 0,25 µm (oxyde de titane).The device 11 for generating the laser pulses is in the form of a YAG-Nd laser. triggered, known under the designation 502 DNS from the company BMI, the wavelength of which is 1.06 μm, the duration of the pulses of 12 ns, the power per pulse up to 700 mJ, and the diameter of the spot d '' approximately 8 mm, and making it possible to eliminate, for example, contaminating films 3 having thicknesses up to 0.25 μm (titanium oxide).

Le dispositif 9 de projection thermique peut consister en un poste de projection par plasma atmosphérique classique, dont la vitesse de déplacement relative optimale de la torche 10 par rapport au subjectile 1 est de 75 m/mn et la distance moyenne de projection de 0,13 m, l'épaisseur de la couche 7 de matériau d'apport 5 déposée à chaque passage étant d'environ 10 µm.The thermal projection device 9 can consist of a conventional atmospheric plasma projection station, the optimum relative speed of movement of the torch 10 relative to the substrate 1 is 75 m / min and the average projection distance is 0.13 m, the thickness of the layer 7 of filler material 5 deposited on each pass being approximately 10 μm.

Après dépôt de plusieurs couches 7 de matériau d'apport 5, avec action permanente du laser sur les surfaces avant projection thermique, des tests comparatifs ont révélé, pour le cas pratique précité, une réduction importante de la porosité des dépôts (de l'ordre de 70 %) et une augmentation remarquable de l'adhérence desdits dépôts au subjectile 1 (de l'ordre de 400 %) par rapport à des dépôts effectués sans action due au rayon laser 2.After depositing several layers 7 of filler material 5, with permanent action of the laser on the surfaces before thermal projection, comparative tests have revealed, for the aforementioned practical case, a significant reduction in the porosity of the deposits (of the order by 70%) and a remarkable increase in the adhesion of said deposits to the substrate 1 (of the order of 400%) compared to deposits made without action due to the laser beam 2.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et représenté aux dessins annexés. Des modifications restent possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments ou par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour autant du domaine de protection de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications remain possible, in particular from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without thereby departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (7)

Procédé de préparation et de revêtement de surface de subjectiles, par projection thermique sous atmosphère normale ou contrôlée, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste essentiellement à soumettre progressivement la surface à traiter d'un subjectile (1) à une irradiation laser (2), entraînant une élimination totale ou partielle du film contaminant (3) superficiel et une modification de la morphologie de la surface (4) sous-jacente du subjectile (1), et à projeter, par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de projection thermique (9), le matériau d'apport (5) sur la zone de surface (6) ainsi préparée, immédiatement après ladite préparation et en synchronisme avec cette dernière, de sorte qu'en cas de maintien permanent de l'action du laser pendant la projection du dépôt, la préparation successive des surfaces de chaque couche constituant le dépôt permettra l'amélioration des propriétés du dépôt.Process for preparing and coating the surface of substrates, by thermal spraying under a normal or controlled atmosphere, characterized in that it essentially consists in gradually subjecting the surface to be treated of a substrate (1) to laser irradiation (2), resulting in total or partial elimination of the surface contaminating film (3) and a modification of the morphology of the surface (4) underlying the substrate (1), and to be projected, by means of a thermal spraying device ( 9), the filler material (5) on the surface area (6) thus prepared, immediately after said preparation and in synchronism with the latter, so that if the action of the laser is permanently maintained during the projection of the deposit, the successive preparation of the surfaces of each layer constituting the deposit will improve the properties of the deposit. Procédé, selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la préparation est effectuée au moyen d'impulsions laser successives.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation is carried out by means of successive laser pulses. Procédé, selon la revendication 2, cacactérisé en ce que les valeurs de fréquence d'impact et de surface de zone d'irradiation laser (8) sont ajustées à la vitesse de déplacement du dispositif de projection thermique (9) par rapport à la surface (4) du subjectile (1).Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the values of impact frequency and surface area of the laser irradiation zone (8) are adjusted to the speed of movement of the thermal spraying device (9) relative to the surface (4) of the substrate (1). Procédé, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce que la puissance des impulsions laser est réglée de manière à réaliser, en plus de l'élimination du film contaminant (3), une fusion et/ou une déformation superficielles du matériau du subjectile (1) au niveau de la zone d'impact (8) dudit rayon laser (2).Method according to either of Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the power of the laser pulses is adjusted so as to achieve, in addition to the removal of the contaminating film (3), a fusion and / or surface deformation of the substrate material (1) at the impact zone (8) of said laser beam (2). Procédé, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste, lors de l'application de plusieurs couches (7) superposées de matériau d'apport (5) par dépôts successifs, à réaliser, pour une zone donnée, immédiatement avant dépôt de chaque nouvelle couche (7), une préparation et une modification par rayon laser (2) de la couche (7) déposée affleurante.Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it consists, during the application of several layers (7) superimposed of filler material (5) by successive deposits, to be carried out, for a given area, immediately before depositing each new layer (7), preparation and modification by laser beam (2) of the layer (7) deposited flush. Dispositif de préparation et de revêtement de surfaces pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il est principalement constitué, d'une part, par un dispositif de projection thermique (9), d'autre part, par un dispositif (11) de génération de rayon laser (2) impulsionnel, et, enfin, un dispositif de support et de déplacement contrôlé du subjectile (1) à traiter, la zone d'impact (8) du rayon laser (2) sur le subjectile (1) étant soit confondue avec la zone d'impact du faisceau de projection (12) du dispositif de projection thermique (9), soit disposée adjacente à cette dernière dans une direction opposée à la direction de déplacement du subjectile (1).Device for preparing and coating surfaces for implementing the method, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is mainly constituted, on the one hand, by a thermal spraying device (9 ), on the other hand, by a device (11) for generating a pulsed laser beam (2), and, finally, a device for controlled support and movement of the substrate (1) to be treated, the impact zone (8 ) of the laser beam (2) on the substrate (1) being either coincident with the impact zone of the projection beam (12) of the thermal projection device (9), or disposed adjacent to the latter in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the substrate (1). Dispositif, selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que, pour le traitement de subjectiles (1) présentant un axe de symétrie, le dispositif de support et de déplacement réalise une rotation dudit subjectile (1) autour de son axe de symétrie, le dispositif de projection thermique (9) et le dispositif (11) de génération de rayon laser (2) étant disposés autour dudit subjectile (1), de manière telle que la direction de propagation du rayon laser (2) et la direction du faisceau (12) de projection du matériau d'apport (5) soient proches de la normale à la surface du subjectile (1) et présentent entre elles un angle réduit.Device according to claim 6, characterized in that, for the treatment of substrates (1) having an axis of symmetry, the support and displacement device rotates said substrate (1) around its axis of symmetry, the device projection beam (9) and the laser beam generating device (11) being arranged around said substrate (1), such that the direction of propagation of the laser beam (2) and the direction of the beam (12 ) of projection of the filler material (5) are close to normal at surface of the substrate (1) and have a reduced angle between them.
EP93440056A 1992-07-23 1993-07-21 Method and apparatus for pretreating and coating a surface Expired - Lifetime EP0580534B1 (en)

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FR9209277 1992-07-23
FR9209277A FR2693925B1 (en) 1992-07-23 1992-07-23 Method of preparation and surface coating and device for carrying out said method.

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FR2715942A1 (en) * 1994-02-04 1995-08-11 Gec Alsthom Electromec Coating of components by laser melting of powders
FR2756756A1 (en) * 1996-12-09 1998-06-12 Inst Polytechnique De Sevenans METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MAKING A COATING ON A SUBSTRATE
DE19740205A1 (en) * 1997-09-12 1999-03-18 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Process for applying a coating by means of plasma spraying
US6881451B2 (en) * 1999-02-19 2005-04-19 Volkswagen Ag Process and device for producing wear-resistant, tribological cylinder bearing surfaces
WO2006120372A1 (en) * 2005-05-06 2006-11-16 Rolls-Royce Plc Component fabrication
WO2011131757A1 (en) 2010-04-23 2011-10-27 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Method for preparing a multilayer coating on a substrate surface by means of thermal spraying
EP3282034A1 (en) * 2016-08-12 2018-02-14 United Technologies Corporation Aluminum fan blade tip prepared for thermal spray deposition of abrasive by laser ablation

Families Citing this family (1)

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DE10025040C1 (en) * 2000-05-20 2001-09-20 Daimler Chrysler Ag Apparatus for coating the surfaces of workpieces by plasma spraying comprises a housing, a burner head, feed lines for supplying the apparatus with media for the coating process

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2715942A1 (en) * 1994-02-04 1995-08-11 Gec Alsthom Electromec Coating of components by laser melting of powders
FR2756756A1 (en) * 1996-12-09 1998-06-12 Inst Polytechnique De Sevenans METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MAKING A COATING ON A SUBSTRATE
WO1998026104A1 (en) * 1996-12-09 1998-06-18 Institut Polytechnique De Sevenans Method and device for producing a coating on a substrate
DE19740205A1 (en) * 1997-09-12 1999-03-18 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Process for applying a coating by means of plasma spraying
EP0903423A2 (en) 1997-09-12 1999-03-24 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Coating deposition process by plasma spraying
EP0903423B1 (en) * 1997-09-12 2003-11-05 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Coating deposition process by plasma spraying
DE19740205B4 (en) * 1997-09-12 2004-11-25 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Process for applying a coating by means of plasma spraying
US6881451B2 (en) * 1999-02-19 2005-04-19 Volkswagen Ag Process and device for producing wear-resistant, tribological cylinder bearing surfaces
WO2006120372A1 (en) * 2005-05-06 2006-11-16 Rolls-Royce Plc Component fabrication
WO2011131757A1 (en) 2010-04-23 2011-10-27 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Method for preparing a multilayer coating on a substrate surface by means of thermal spraying
EP3282034A1 (en) * 2016-08-12 2018-02-14 United Technologies Corporation Aluminum fan blade tip prepared for thermal spray deposition of abrasive by laser ablation
US10662517B2 (en) * 2016-08-12 2020-05-26 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Aluminum fan blade tip prepared for thermal spray deposition of abrasive by laser ablation

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DE69310039T2 (en) 1997-10-30
EP0580534B1 (en) 1997-04-23
CA2101004A1 (en) 1994-01-24
CA2101004C (en) 1999-07-13
FR2693925B1 (en) 1994-10-14
FR2693925A1 (en) 1994-01-28
DE69310039D1 (en) 1997-05-28
ATE152187T1 (en) 1997-05-15

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