EP0578060A2 - Procédé pour la transmission de données entre une station de base et les objets mobiles - Google Patents

Procédé pour la transmission de données entre une station de base et les objets mobiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0578060A2
EP0578060A2 EP93110078A EP93110078A EP0578060A2 EP 0578060 A2 EP0578060 A2 EP 0578060A2 EP 93110078 A EP93110078 A EP 93110078A EP 93110078 A EP93110078 A EP 93110078A EP 0578060 A2 EP0578060 A2 EP 0578060A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
objects
antenna arrangement
area
signals
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93110078A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0578060B1 (fr
EP0578060A3 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Dr.-Ing. Göckler
Thomas Dipl.-Ing. Gebauer
Wilhelm Dr.-Ing. Grabow
Markus Dipl.-Ing. Ali
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH, ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0578060A2 publication Critical patent/EP0578060A2/fr
Publication of EP0578060A3 publication Critical patent/EP0578060A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0578060B1 publication Critical patent/EP0578060B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/017—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled identifying vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for data transmission between a base station and objects moving in a limited area, the base station having an antenna arrangement which generates a separate directional diagram for each of the objects with which data transmission is to take place.
  • antennas are provided either according to a first solution, the directional diagrams of which are fixed to predetermined illumination areas. In this case, for each lane or segment of a lane, in which a vehicle is traveling, there are antennas. If the area to be recorded consists of many lanes, a very complex arrangement consisting of many antennas is required. In a second solution, the antenna arrangement consists of several phase-controlled individual antennas, which are able to track the directional diagrams of the moving vehicles. However, this requires information about the location of the individual vehicles. According to P 41 07 803, this location information provides induction loops set into the street. Obtaining the location information is therefore quite complex.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method of the type mentioned at the outset with which data can be exchanged with each and every one of them from a large number of objects moving in a predetermined area with the least possible outlay on technical means.
  • the method of the invention requires fewer antenna elements and does not need induction loops in order to correctly locate the individual objects and to be able to exchange data with them.
  • the method described below is used to enable data transmission between objects that move within a predetermined area and a base station.
  • These moving objects can, as can be seen in FIG. 1, e.g. Vehicles 1 and the predetermined area 2 can be a section of a road. Within this area 2, it should be possible to localize each individual vehicle 1 located therein and to record data transmitted by it, even if the vehicles move alongside one another and possibly also make lane changes in the process.
  • Each vehicle 1 is equipped with a device which is visible from the outside and is preferably arranged on the windshield and has a receiver, a transmitter and a processor which, for example, debits a required toll fee from a check card which can be used to store an amount of money.
  • Each vehicle 1 is now subjected to a check in area 2 as to whether it has debited the prescribed toll.
  • a base station 4 set up at the exit of area 2 sends out a microwave signal which activates the transmitters of the toll fee debiting devices on the vehicles, so that they are able to send an acknowledgment signal.
  • the base station 4 locates each individual vehicle in the area 2 and checks whether it is a Acknowledgment signal sent. If this is not the case, the license plate can be recorded, for example, by photographing the vehicle, and the vehicle owner can thus be determined, so that the toll can be collected later.
  • the base station 4 is equipped with at least one antenna arrangement.
  • Such an antenna arrangement 5, as shown in FIG. 2 illustrates, from several individual antenna elements, the output signals of which can be weighted by a beam-shaping network 6 in such a way that the antenna arrangement generates such a reception characteristic that a main receiving lobe is aimed at each vehicle for data transmission between it and the base station.
  • Either a separate antenna arrangement 5 can be provided for each lane, or several lanes can be detected by one antenna arrangement 5.
  • antenna elements that receive circularly polarized signals because they are less susceptible to interference.
  • the antenna arrangement receives signals from all vehicles located in the area covered by the antenna arrangement 5.
  • a processor 7 derives information about the instantaneous location of the individual vehicles from the received signals x (t) of the individual antenna elements. The number of vehicles and their location information can be calculated using the known estimation methods (see S. Unnikrishna Pillai, Array Signal Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1989) Derive antenna reception signals x (t).
  • the signals of the individual antenna elements are now weighted in the beam shaping network 6, that is to say the signal phase and / or amplitude of each antenna element is set such that the antenna arrangement generates a directional diagram for each vehicle such that a main receiving lobe is applied to it vehicles in question is directed and that the directional diagram in the direction of the other, potentially disruptive vehicles has the highest possible reception loss compared to the main receiving lobe (ideally zeroing).
  • the phase and amplitude to be set for each antenna element are collectively referred to below as a complex weight vector w (t).
  • the weighting can be applied to either continuous, analog or discrete-time, digital antenna reception signals x (t). Accordingly, the circuitry for weighting that is present in each received signal path can be implemented.
  • the weightings of the individual antenna reception signals x (t) can be changed continuously but only at discrete times.
  • beam shaping networks only one of which is shown in FIG. 2, are connected to the antenna arrangement 5 as the area that can be covered by the antenna arrangement can accommodate a maximum of vehicles, so that each vehicle can be assigned its own directional diagram.
  • the received signals received for each vehicle and correspondingly weighted in the associated beam shaping network 6 are coherently superimposed on one another in a summer 8 and the sum signal y (t) is fed to a receiver 9.
  • the directional diagrams of the change in location of the vehicles must be constantly adapted. This adaptation of the directional diagrams can be done so that the location determination of the vehicles described above is repeated in very short time intervals. The time intervals must be selected so that at the highest possible speed the vehicles have just not moved out of the area of their main receiving lobe before the main receiving lobe is tracked after a subsequent location determination.
  • Another adaptation method consists in deriving control signals for the complex weight vectors w (t) from the output signal of the receiver 9 according to a quality criterion.
  • a circuit unit 10 determines, in connection with the processor 7 from the receiver output signal and possibly the individual signals of the antenna elements, the ratio of the useful signal to the interference signal power, the useful signal being the signal received by the vehicle to which the Main receiving lobe should be directed, and interference signals are the signals received by other vehicles, to which the most strongly attenuated areas, ideally zeros, of the directional diagram should be directed.
  • the processor 7 derives from the quality signal e (t) (ratio of useful signal to interference signal power) such complex weight vectors w (t) for the beam shaping network 6 that there is an alignment of the main receiving lobe and the strongly damped areas (zeros) of the directional diagram , which makes the quality signal e (t) maximal.
  • a repetition of the location determination of the vehicles is only necessary if a new vehicle has entered the predetermined area. It is expedient to initiate a new location determination at least every time a vehicle leaves the area or a new one enters the area.
  • the complex weight vectors w n (t) fed to the processor 7 originate from the antenna arrangement of a neighboring area. From this, the processor can derive information when a vehicle has changed from one area to the next (lane change) and can transmit this accordingly to the beam-forming network 6. It can also be used to determine information about the alignment of the main lobes of neighboring antenna arrangements that exchange data with other vehicles. The processor 7 can use this information to support the formation of the minima or zeros in the directional diagram, in order to minimize the disruptive influence of the signals sent by other vehicles.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
EP93110078A 1992-07-04 1993-06-24 Procédé pour la transmission de données entre une station de base et les objets mobiles Expired - Lifetime EP0578060B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4222014 1992-07-04
DE4222014 1992-07-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0578060A2 true EP0578060A2 (fr) 1994-01-12
EP0578060A3 EP0578060A3 (fr) 1995-02-01
EP0578060B1 EP0578060B1 (fr) 1998-04-29

Family

ID=6462495

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93110078A Expired - Lifetime EP0578060B1 (fr) 1992-07-04 1993-06-24 Procédé pour la transmission de données entre une station de base et les objets mobiles

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0578060B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE165685T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59308461D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0578060T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2115698T3 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0627717A1 (fr) * 1993-06-01 1994-12-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Méthode et dispositif pour échanger des données sans fil entre un poste fixe et des objets mobiles
EP0689178A1 (fr) * 1994-06-21 1995-12-27 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH Dispositif pour la réception de signaux ermis pour des objets mobiles dans une région prédéterminée
WO1996014626A1 (fr) * 1994-11-05 1996-05-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procede pour determiner la position d'un vehicule sur une route
EP0713201A2 (fr) * 1994-11-18 1996-05-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Dispositif de localisation d'un corps en mouvement avec répondeur
FR2729226A1 (fr) * 1995-01-11 1996-07-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Systeme d'identification de cibles mobiles dans une unite de radar montee dans un poste de base et unites de radar installees dans un poste de base et dans un poste mobile, utilisables avec ce systeme
US5940032A (en) * 1998-02-19 1999-08-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for calibrating a group antenna
CN111710155A (zh) * 2020-05-21 2020-09-25 东莞数汇大数据有限公司 一种道路间的拥堵关系分析方法及系统

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4303904A (en) * 1979-10-12 1981-12-01 Chasek Norman E Universally applicable, in-motion and automatic toll paying system using microwaves
WO1991008557A2 (fr) * 1989-12-05 1991-06-13 Eid Electronic Identification Systems Ltd. Systeme d'identification de vehicules sur route nationale, dote d'une antenne a gain eleve
DE4107803A1 (de) * 1991-03-11 1992-09-17 Ant Nachrichtentech Anordnung zum lokalisieren von objekten und zum austauschen von daten mit diesen objekten

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4303904A (en) * 1979-10-12 1981-12-01 Chasek Norman E Universally applicable, in-motion and automatic toll paying system using microwaves
WO1991008557A2 (fr) * 1989-12-05 1991-06-13 Eid Electronic Identification Systems Ltd. Systeme d'identification de vehicules sur route nationale, dote d'une antenne a gain eleve
DE4107803A1 (de) * 1991-03-11 1992-09-17 Ant Nachrichtentech Anordnung zum lokalisieren von objekten und zum austauschen von daten mit diesen objekten

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0627717A1 (fr) * 1993-06-01 1994-12-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Méthode et dispositif pour échanger des données sans fil entre un poste fixe et des objets mobiles
US5757285A (en) * 1993-06-01 1998-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and apparatus for effecting a wireless exchange of data between a stationary station and moving objects
EP0689178A1 (fr) * 1994-06-21 1995-12-27 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH Dispositif pour la réception de signaux ermis pour des objets mobiles dans une région prédéterminée
WO1996014626A1 (fr) * 1994-11-05 1996-05-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procede pour determiner la position d'un vehicule sur une route
EP0713201A2 (fr) * 1994-11-18 1996-05-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Dispositif de localisation d'un corps en mouvement avec répondeur
EP0713201A3 (fr) * 1994-11-18 1996-07-31 Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk Dispositif de localisation d'un corps en mouvement avec répondeur
US5710556A (en) * 1994-11-18 1998-01-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Device for locating a moving body having a response unit
FR2729226A1 (fr) * 1995-01-11 1996-07-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Systeme d'identification de cibles mobiles dans une unite de radar montee dans un poste de base et unites de radar installees dans un poste de base et dans un poste mobile, utilisables avec ce systeme
US5940032A (en) * 1998-02-19 1999-08-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for calibrating a group antenna
DE19806914A1 (de) * 1998-02-19 1999-09-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren einer Gruppenantenne
DE19806914C2 (de) * 1998-02-19 2002-01-31 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren einer Gruppenantenne
CN111710155A (zh) * 2020-05-21 2020-09-25 东莞数汇大数据有限公司 一种道路间的拥堵关系分析方法及系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59308461D1 (de) 1998-06-04
EP0578060B1 (fr) 1998-04-29
DK0578060T3 (da) 1999-01-11
ES2115698T3 (es) 1998-07-01
EP0578060A3 (fr) 1995-02-01
ATE165685T1 (de) 1998-05-15

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