EP0575470A1 - A solid fuel stoker. - Google Patents

A solid fuel stoker.

Info

Publication number
EP0575470A1
EP0575470A1 EP92907578A EP92907578A EP0575470A1 EP 0575470 A1 EP0575470 A1 EP 0575470A1 EP 92907578 A EP92907578 A EP 92907578A EP 92907578 A EP92907578 A EP 92907578A EP 0575470 A1 EP0575470 A1 EP 0575470A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stoker
scraper
air
bottom part
combustion air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92907578A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0575470B1 (en
Inventor
Uffe Pedersen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FELLNER GmbH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0575470A1 publication Critical patent/EP0575470A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0575470B1 publication Critical patent/EP0575470B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/26—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using imperforate fuel supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solid fuel stoker and comprising a tunnel shaped combustion chamber or hearth of which the bottom part consists of a water cooled, double walled steel construction with a plane lower part and up ⁇ wards/outwards inclined side walls, and of which an upper curved part consists of cheramic elements, by said stoker fuel is supplied by means of a worm conveyor through a sto ⁇ ker opening and carried forward in the hearth by a recipro- eating scraper conveyor arranged along said bottom part, said side walls - between mutual parallel water filled coo ⁇ ling pipes - are provided with inlet openings for combus ⁇ tion air.
  • scraper conveyor of the stoker requires constantly maintenance, as the scraper elements simply are damaged by burning or destroyed by clinkering.
  • the invention has for its purpose to provide a stoker of the type described in the introductory part, and by which said problems by simple provisions may be solved.
  • the stoker according to the invention is distinctive in that the scraper conveyor is provided with transverse main- ly triangular, hollow scraper elements being connected with a central beam which in the longitudinal direction is made from sections in such a way that the cooling water may be supplied to the scraper elements via one pipe section and may be discharged from the scraper elements via another pi- pe section, and that the scraper conveyor moreover compri- ses inlet openings through which primary combustion air may be admitted along the lower part of the heart.
  • the stoker is such provided that the air in ⁇ let openings for admittance of primary combustion air along the bottom part of the heart is provided in the central beam and is positioned between the scraper elements in out ⁇ wardly opened, angular recesses along opposite sides of an underside of the beam.
  • the air inlet openings by reciprocating of the beam are kept free from ashes constantly.
  • the stoker according to the invention furthermore may be provi ⁇ ded so that said inlet openings for combustion air in the side walls of the heart are devided into three groups each being connected with separate air inlet channels, namely so that a lowermost group is connected with an air inlet chan ⁇ nel for primary combustion air, while middle and upper groups are connected with air inlet channels for propely combustion air, and that - in connection with said air in ⁇ let channels - air valve means are present for controlling of the air admittance to the respective groups of inlet openings.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view - partly in section - of an embodiment for a stoker according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view - partly in section - of the heart of the stoker cf. Fig. l.
  • Fig. 3 is a side view of an embodiment for a scraper con ⁇ veyor of the stoker according to the invention
  • Fig. 4 is a top view of the scraper conveyor cf. Fig. 3,
  • Fig. 5 is a view - partly in section - of the scraper con ⁇ veyor cf. Fig. 3 and 4, and
  • Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view through the heart of the stoker according to the invention.
  • the longitudinal heart 4 has a plane bottom part 14 and lower side wall parts 16 stretch- ing slightly inclined (approx. 15° from vertical) upwards/ outwards to an upper curved part 18 consisting of cheramic material.
  • the bottom part 14 and the side wall parts 16 consist of steel plate and are water cooled (Fig. 6) .
  • Be ⁇ tween mutual parallel cooling elements 20 having triangular cross section and formed by welding free edge flanges of angle iron to the outsides of the side wall parts 16, there are in the side wall parts 16 provided rows of air inlet openings 22, which outside the fuel chamber/the heart 4 are connected with air dispersion chambers I, II, or III, as the air inlet openings of each row are divided into three groups, of which the lowermost group of the respective rows are connected with air dispersion chamber I (primary com ⁇ bustion air) , while the middle and uppermost groups are connected with the air dispersion chambers II and III (se- cundary combustion air) .
  • the cooling elements 20 are con- nected with a water jacket 24 surrounding the cheramic sus ⁇ pended arch 18.
  • a reciprocating scraper conveyor 26 is arranged, which is driven by a not shown driving mechanism from which a central beam 28 stretching along the bottom part 14 of the heart 4 under the stoker opening 10.
  • the beam 28 is provided with side ⁇ wards projecting hollow scraper elements 30 having such triangular cross section, that a front side 32 of the scra- per element 30 by moving forward is pushing fuel, ashes, or clinker forward in the heart 4, and that a sharp rear edge 34 of the scraper element 30 during the return stroke bring along a minimum of material.
  • the hollow scraper elements 30 are connected by welding to opposite sides of the beam 28, which in a longitudinal di ⁇ rection include several parallel pipe sections, namely a lower central air supply pipe 36 with a mainly quadratic cross section, an upper broader discharge pipe 38, and two narrow water supply pipes 40 being placed at the outside of the pipe 36, and which are mutually connected, so that the assembled beam 28 as a whole has a mainly quadratic cross section.
  • the scraper elements 30 may be supplied with cooling water, which again may be discharged via upper side openings 44 in the broader discharge pipes 38.
  • out- wardly open angular recesses 46 are provided, which via air nozzle openings 48 are connected with the air supply pipe 36, so that primary combustion air may be admitted along both sides of the beam 28, when this is reciprocated along the bottom part of the heart, that is under the fuel.
  • the scraper conveyor 26 provides for continously to trans ⁇ port fuel, ashes, and clinker forwards on the bottom part 16 of the heart until ashes and clinker via a brake plate 50 drop into a transverse clinker crushing worm 52 and further out of the stoker by means of a ashes disharging worm 54.
  • the stoker according to the invention enables a really effective combustion of almost all solid fuel, including relative humid and possib ⁇ ly comminuted fuel with a little heating value, which just is possible because there is made use of a closed bottom surface and extra supply of primary combustion air via the scraper conveyor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
  • Display Devices Of Pinball Game Machines (AREA)

Abstract

A solid fuel stoker comprising a tunnel shaped combustion chamber or hearth (4) of which the lower part consists of a water cooled, double walled steel construction with a plane bottom part (14) and upwards/outwards inclined sidewalls (16), and of which an upper curved part (18) consists of ceramic elements, by said stoker fuel is supplied by means of a worm conveyor (8) through a stoker opening and carried forward in the hearth (4) by a reciprocating scraper conveyor (26) arranged along said bottom part (14), said sidewalls between mutual parallel water filled cooling pipes (20) are provided with inlet openings (22) for combustion air, the scraper conveyor (26) is provided with transverse mainly triangular, hollow scraper elements (30) being connected with a central beam (28) which in the longitudinal direction is made from sections in such a way that the cooling water may be supplied to the scraper elements (30) via one pipe section (40) and may be discharged from the scraper elements via another pipe section (38), and that the scraper conveyor (26) moreover comprises inlet openings (48) through which primary combustion air may be admitted along the bottom part (14) of the hearth (4).

Description

A Solid Fuel Stoker
The present invention relates to a solid fuel stoker and comprising a tunnel shaped combustion chamber or hearth of which the bottom part consists of a water cooled, double walled steel construction with a plane lower part and up¬ wards/outwards inclined side walls, and of which an upper curved part consists of cheramic elements, by said stoker fuel is supplied by means of a worm conveyor through a sto¬ ker opening and carried forward in the hearth by a recipro- eating scraper conveyor arranged along said bottom part, said side walls - between mutual parallel water filled coo¬ ling pipes - are provided with inlet openings for combus¬ tion air.
Known stokers of this type do not exploit the fuel quite optimum, which gives an insufficient fuel economy and may result in environmental problems, because the stoker emits unburnt and/or poisonous gasses to the surroundings.
Furthermore the scraper conveyor of the stoker requires constantly maintenance, as the scraper elements simply are damaged by burning or destroyed by clinkering.
The invention has for its purpose to provide a stoker of the type described in the introductory part, and by which said problems by simple provisions may be solved.
The stoker according to the invention is distinctive in that the scraper conveyor is provided with transverse main- ly triangular, hollow scraper elements being connected with a central beam which in the longitudinal direction is made from sections in such a way that the cooling water may be supplied to the scraper elements via one pipe section and may be discharged from the scraper elements via another pi- pe section, and that the scraper conveyor moreover compri- ses inlet openings through which primary combustion air may be admitted along the lower part of the heart.
By simple provisions a stoker is hereby obtained, by which the scraper elements by means of water cooling in a simple manner are protected against overheating and destruction. Furthermore a more uniform combustion is obtained by the fact that via the scraper conveyor extra primary combustion air at the same time may be admitted a lower center area of the fuel.
Appropriately the stoker is such provided that the air in¬ let openings for admittance of primary combustion air along the bottom part of the heart is provided in the central beam and is positioned between the scraper elements in out¬ wardly opened, angular recesses along opposite sides of an underside of the beam. Hereby it is obtained in a simple manner, that the air inlet openings by reciprocating of the beam are kept free from ashes constantly.
In order to more optimum to control the admittance of com¬ bustion air in dependence on the actual type of fuel the stoker according to the invention furthermore may be provi¬ ded so that said inlet openings for combustion air in the side walls of the heart are devided into three groups each being connected with separate air inlet channels, namely so that a lowermost group is connected with an air inlet chan¬ nel for primary combustion air, while middle and upper groups are connected with air inlet channels for secundary combustion air, and that - in connection with said air in¬ let channels - air valve means are present for controlling of the air admittance to the respective groups of inlet openings.
In the following the invention is described in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which:- Fig. 1 is a perspective view - partly in section - of an embodiment for a stoker according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view - partly in section - of the heart of the stoker cf. Fig. l.
Fig. 3 is a side view of an embodiment for a scraper con¬ veyor of the stoker according to the invention,
Fig. 4 is a top view of the scraper conveyor cf. Fig. 3,
Fig. 5 is a view - partly in section - of the scraper con¬ veyor cf. Fig. 3 and 4, and
Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view through the heart of the stoker according to the invention.
The stoker 2 shown In Fig. 1, as stoker unit for a not shown heating boiler system, includes a tunnel shaped fuel chamber or heart 4 (Fig. 2) , into which fuel from a fuel silo 6 is stoked by means of a worm conveyor 8 through a stoker opening 10, and by which the combustion air is sup¬ plied by two blowers 12. The longitudinal heart 4 has a plane bottom part 14 and lower side wall parts 16 stretch- ing slightly inclined (approx. 15° from vertical) upwards/ outwards to an upper curved part 18 consisting of cheramic material. The bottom part 14 and the side wall parts 16 consist of steel plate and are water cooled (Fig. 6) . Be¬ tween mutual parallel cooling elements 20 having triangular cross section and formed by welding free edge flanges of angle iron to the outsides of the side wall parts 16, there are in the side wall parts 16 provided rows of air inlet openings 22, which outside the fuel chamber/the heart 4 are connected with air dispersion chambers I, II, or III, as the air inlet openings of each row are divided into three groups, of which the lowermost group of the respective rows are connected with air dispersion chamber I (primary com¬ bustion air) , while the middle and uppermost groups are connected with the air dispersion chambers II and III (se- cundary combustion air) . The cooling elements 20 are con- nected with a water jacket 24 surrounding the cheramic sus¬ pended arch 18.
On the plane bottom part 14 of the heart 4 a reciprocating scraper conveyor 26 is arranged, which is driven by a not shown driving mechanism from which a central beam 28 stretching along the bottom part 14 of the heart 4 under the stoker opening 10. The beam 28 is provided with side¬ wards projecting hollow scraper elements 30 having such triangular cross section, that a front side 32 of the scra- per element 30 by moving forward is pushing fuel, ashes, or clinker forward in the heart 4, and that a sharp rear edge 34 of the scraper element 30 during the return stroke bring along a minimum of material.
The hollow scraper elements 30 are connected by welding to opposite sides of the beam 28, which in a longitudinal di¬ rection include several parallel pipe sections, namely a lower central air supply pipe 36 with a mainly quadratic cross section, an upper broader discharge pipe 38, and two narrow water supply pipes 40 being placed at the outside of the pipe 36, and which are mutually connected, so that the assembled beam 28 as a whole has a mainly quadratic cross section.
By means of lower side openings 42 in the narrow water sup¬ ply pipes 40 the scraper elements 30 may be supplied with cooling water, which again may be discharged via upper side openings 44 in the broader discharge pipes 38. In the lower part of the beam 28 - between the scraper elements 30 out- wardly open angular recesses 46 are provided, which via air nozzle openings 48 are connected with the air supply pipe 36, so that primary combustion air may be admitted along both sides of the beam 28, when this is reciprocated along the bottom part of the heart, that is under the fuel. When the scraper conveyor 26 is reciprocated in the fuel/ashes the angular recesses 46 along opposite under sides of the beam 28 will automatically keep the air nozzle openings 48 free from fuel/ashes, so that the supplied primary combus¬ tion air unhindered may be admitted along the bottom part 14 of the heart 4.
The scraper conveyor 26 provides for continously to trans¬ port fuel, ashes, and clinker forwards on the bottom part 16 of the heart until ashes and clinker via a brake plate 50 drop into a transverse clinker crushing worm 52 and further out of the stoker by means of a ashes disharging worm 54.
Finally it shall be emphasized, that the stoker according to the invention enables a really effective combustion of almost all solid fuel, including relative humid and possib¬ ly comminuted fuel with a little heating value, which just is possible because there is made use of a closed bottom surface and extra supply of primary combustion air via the scraper conveyor.

Claims

C L A I M S :
1. A solid fuel stoker comprising a tunnel shaped combus¬ tion chamber or hearth of which the lower part consists of a water cooled, double walled steel construction with a plane bottom part and upwards/outwards inclined side walls, and of which an upper curved part consists of cheramic ele¬ ments, by said stoker fuel is supplied by means of a worm conveyor through a stoker opening and carried forward in the hearth by a reciprocating scraper conveyor arranged a- long said bottom part, said side walls - between mutual pa¬ rallel water filled cooling pipes - are provided with inlet openings for combustion air, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the scraper conveyor is provided with transverse mainly triangular, hollow scraper elements being connected with a central beam which in the longitudinal direction is made from sections in such a way that the cooling water may be supplied to the scraper elements via one pipe section and may be discharged from the scraper elements via another pipe section, and that the scraper conveyor moreover com- prises inlet openings through which primary combustion air may be admitted along the bottom part of the heart.
2. A stoker according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i ¬ z e d in that the air inlet openings for admittance of primary combustion air along the bottom part of the heart is provided in the central beam and positioned between the scraper elements in outwardly opened, angular recesses a- long opposite sides of an underside of the beam.
3. A stoker according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i ¬ z e d in that said inlet openings for combustion air in the side walls of the heart are divided into three groups each being connected with separate air inlet channels, na¬ mely so that a lowermost group is connected with an air in- let channel for primary combustion air, while middle and upper groups are connected with air inlet channels for se- cundary combustion air, and that - in connection with said air inlet channels - air valve means are present for con¬ trolling the air admittance to the respective groups of in- let openings.
EP92907578A 1991-03-15 1992-03-16 A solid fuel stoker Expired - Lifetime EP0575470B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK460/91 1991-03-15
DK91460A DK46091D0 (en) 1991-03-15 1991-03-15 BIOENERGY BRANDS WITH ACCESSORIES
PCT/DK1992/000082 WO1992016791A1 (en) 1991-03-15 1992-03-16 A solid fuel stoker

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0575470A1 true EP0575470A1 (en) 1993-12-29
EP0575470B1 EP0575470B1 (en) 1994-09-21

Family

ID=8093805

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92907578A Expired - Lifetime EP0575470B1 (en) 1991-03-15 1992-03-16 A solid fuel stoker

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0575470B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE112031T1 (en)
AU (1) AU1453092A (en)
DE (1) DE69200448T2 (en)
DK (2) DK46091D0 (en)
FI (1) FI100731B (en)
NO (1) NO180247C (en)
PL (1) PL167766B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1992016791A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK154692D0 (en) * 1992-12-23 1992-12-23 Smidth & Co As F L PROCEDURE AND COOLER FOR COOLING PARTICULATED MATERIAL
ITVI20040014A1 (en) * 2004-01-28 2004-04-28 Thermorossi Spa BURNER FOR PELLETS, CHIPPED, CEREALS AND VEGETABLE WASTE GENERAL STOVES IN GENERAL
DE202004010592U1 (en) 2004-07-06 2005-11-17 Heizomat-Gerätebau + Energiesysteme GmbH Heating boilers for burning solid fuel, in particular for biomass
ITCR20070017A1 (en) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-04 Termocabi Srl REMOVAL DEVICE FOR AGGLOMERATED RESIDUAL MATERIAL DERIVING FROM PELLET COMBUSTION OR SOLID FUEL IN GENERAL
FI122977B (en) 2010-11-29 2012-09-28 Topi Kalle Johannes Paemppi Procedure in a stove
DE102012107974B3 (en) * 2012-08-29 2014-02-27 M-S Consulting und Beteiligungs GmbH Furnace for woody lumpable biomass fuels

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3169986D1 (en) * 1980-08-19 1985-05-23 Suxe Combustion Ltd Improvements in or relating to furnaces
WO1984002385A1 (en) * 1982-12-08 1984-06-21 Dan Trim Aps Maskinfab A solid fuel stoker
DE3717579A1 (en) * 1987-05-25 1988-12-08 Gregor Pollmeier Boiler
NO874876L (en) * 1987-11-23 1989-07-14 Saxlund As OVEN APPLIANCE.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9216791A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK46091D0 (en) 1991-03-15
NO180247B (en) 1996-12-02
DE69200448D1 (en) 1994-10-27
FI934017A (en) 1993-09-14
ATE112031T1 (en) 1994-10-15
NO933275L (en) 1993-09-14
DE69200448T2 (en) 1995-02-02
NO933275D0 (en) 1993-09-14
FI934017A0 (en) 1993-09-14
WO1992016791A1 (en) 1992-10-01
AU1453092A (en) 1992-10-21
PL167766B1 (en) 1995-11-30
NO180247C (en) 1997-03-12
DK0575470T3 (en) 1994-11-14
EP0575470B1 (en) 1994-09-21
FI100731B (en) 1998-02-13

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