EP0573756B1 - Procédé d'incinération de déchets et incinérateur - Google Patents

Procédé d'incinération de déchets et incinérateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0573756B1
EP0573756B1 EP93105913A EP93105913A EP0573756B1 EP 0573756 B1 EP0573756 B1 EP 0573756B1 EP 93105913 A EP93105913 A EP 93105913A EP 93105913 A EP93105913 A EP 93105913A EP 0573756 B1 EP0573756 B1 EP 0573756B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ash
grate
burning
incinerating
out device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93105913A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0573756A3 (en
EP0573756A2 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Horch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Babcock Anlagen AG
Original Assignee
Deutsche Babcock Anlagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche Babcock Anlagen AG filed Critical Deutsche Babcock Anlagen AG
Publication of EP0573756A2 publication Critical patent/EP0573756A2/fr
Publication of EP0573756A3 publication Critical patent/EP0573756A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0573756B1 publication Critical patent/EP0573756B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/107—Furnace arrangements with vibrating grate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for incinerating waste according to the preamble of claim 1 and a waste incineration plant for carrying out the method according to claim 1 according to the preamble of claim 6.
  • the problem with burning it on a grate is to achieve a good burnout of both the ash and the flue gas.
  • the burnout of ash and flue gas is improved in each case by the long residence time at high temperature and by thorough mixing.
  • the device described in DE-OS 1 955 035 has a combustion grate and a burnout grate, both of which are supplied with compressed air.
  • the air supply through the burnout grate leads to a better burnout of the ashes.
  • air nozzles for blowing in part of the combustion air are set up as secondary air. Secondary air is used for secondary combustion and thus better combustion of the flue gas.
  • combustion air there are limits to the additional supply of combustion air, be it as primary air through additional grates or as secondary air.
  • a further improvement of the burnout enables the z. B. in the DE-Z garbage and waste, 22. Jg. (1990), page 288-295, described direct current firing.
  • the flue gas is converted to the firing material in cocurrent. that is, waste and ashes.
  • the flue gas from the gasification area is also led through the hot combustion area.
  • a good burnout of the flue gas is also caused by the supply of secondary air above the combustion bed, here called upper air, and at the beginning of the first flue gas draft.
  • the intense flame radiation that acts on the ash from the start of the grate to the end of the grate improves its burnout quality.
  • Another improvement in ash burnout e.g. B.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to further develop the method according to the preamble of claim 1 so that the burnout of the ashes without affecting the burnout of the flue gas and without great effort.
  • Another object is to further develop the waste incineration plant according to the preamble of claim 6 so that it is suitable for carrying out the method according to claim 1.
  • the additional burnout of the ashes is brought about in a simple manner without any effort using the hot flue gas containing oxygen in a waste incineration plant.
  • the flue gas should have temperatures of 800 ° C to 1200 ° C and an oxygen content of 6% to 11%.
  • the ash is conveyed via an ash burn-out device connected to the combustion grate and, above all, is kept at a high temperature by the radiation effect of the flue gas guided through the ash burn-out device. At these temperatures, the oxygen present in the flue gas is completely sufficient to burn carbon still present in the ashes. The additional burnout therefore takes place without the supply of additional combustion air. 65% to 85% of the combustion air is supplied as primary air or underwind through the combustion grate and the remaining combustion air as secondary air.
  • the contact between ash and hot, oxygen-containing flue gas on the ash burn-out device is ensured in that the flue gas in the conveying direction of the waste and the ash is first passed through the combustion grate and the ash burn-out device and only above the ash burn-out device into the first flue gas duct.
  • the supply of secondary air above the combustion grate, but also at the beginning of the first flue gas flue, promotes the exhaust gas burnout by supplying oxygen and by improving the mixture due to the impulse of the air jets and thus increases the radiation effect of the exhaust gas on the ash.
  • a particularly good additional burn-out of the ash on the ash burn-out device is achieved if the combustion air according to claim 2 is supplied with the primary air in at least three stages in the conveying direction of the waste. First, an average amount of air per grate surface is supplied in the drying stage, a higher amount of air per grate surface in the combustion stage and finally a smaller amount of air per grate surface in the burnout stage. If the waste is incinerated in these three stages, drying, incineration and burnout, the additional ash burnout on the ash burnout device leads to a further improved burnout quality.
  • the dwell time of the ash on the ash burn-out device is one fifth to half the time that the waste takes to pass through the combustion grate. With shorter dwell times, only a little additional ash burnout is achieved. Longer dwell times than the specified one have hardly any additional effect.
  • the dwell time is initially set according to claim 4 depending on the waste composition and preferably changed during operation depending on the burnout quality of the ash and / or the flue gas.
  • the dwell time of the ash can e.g. B. can be increased by increasing the layer height of the ash on the ash burn-out device by damming the ash.
  • an ash burn-out device arranged next to the combustion grate in front of the ash removal device, according to the characterizing part of claim 6, provides an additional burnout of the ash without impairing the burnout of the flue gas and without great structural effort.
  • the combustion grate can also be made a little smaller.
  • the ash burn-out device has a conveyor device for conveying the ash to the ash removal device.
  • the conveying surface can also be inclined at a small angle to the horizontal to the ash removal.
  • the ash burn-out device should have a flat conveying surface.
  • the conveying surface can also not have channels or troughs that are too deep. It is important that the entire ash is exposed to the heat radiation of the flue gas as evenly as possible.
  • the ash burnout device advantageously has a width corresponding to the width of the combustion grate, so that the ash can be easily conveyed from the combustion grill to the ash burnout device.
  • the arrangement of the inflow opening of the first flue gas flue above the ash burn-out device, in conjunction with the combustion chamber ceiling projecting over the combustion grate, enables the hot, oxygen-containing flue gas to be passed over the ash burn-out device and brought into contact with the ash for additional burnout.
  • a space with hot flue gas is formed by this arrangement above the ash burn-out device. The heat radiation from the hot flue gas increases the temperature of the ash on the ash burnout device and thus its burnout.
  • the feature of claim 7 is particularly suitable for achieving the residence time of the ashes described in claim 3 on the burnout device.
  • a reduction in the width of the ash burn-out device according to claim 8 enables a ash removal device with a smaller width.
  • the layer height of the ash conveyed above it is simultaneously made uniform by shaking.
  • the conveying surface of the ash burn-out device is exposed to heat radiation and the oxygen from the flue gas, it is advantageously provided with interchangeable wear parts.
  • Another advantageous equipment against wear are cooling devices according to claim 11.
  • Figure 1 shows a waste incineration plant and Figure 2 shows an ash burn-out device.
  • a waste incineration plant has a combustion chamber 1 and several flue gas flues 2, in which heating surfaces 3 for the generation of steam and possibly for preheating combustion air are arranged.
  • a flue gas cleaning system is connected to the last flue gas flue.
  • the direction of flow of the flue gas is represented by arrows 4 and the direction of conveyance of the waste by arrows 5.
  • the combustion chamber 1 is equipped with a feed device for waste, a roller grate with five rollers 6, an ash burnout device 7 and a, e.g. B. designed as a plunger, ash removal 8.
  • the feed device consists of a chute 11 provided with a funnel 9 and a slide 10, which is open in the region of its base 12 to the roller grate and on the base 12 of which there is a ram feeder 13 for conveying the waste onto the roller grate.
  • a ram feeder 13 for conveying the waste onto the roller grate.
  • the ash funnels 14 open into a collecting device 15.
  • the ash burn-out device 7 is connected directly to the fifth roller 6 of the roller grate and ends via an ash shaft 17 opening into the ash removal device 8.
  • a combustion chamber ceiling 18 which extends over the roller grate has approximately the shape of a pointed roof, one leg of the combustion chamber ceiling 18 projecting approximately beyond the fifth roller 6. This leg of the combustion chamber ceiling 18 separates the combustion chamber 1 from the first flue gas duct 2, which runs obliquely upwards in such a way that its inflow opening 19 is arranged exactly above the ash burnout device 7.
  • a plurality of air supply devices 20 for secondary air are attached to the firebox ceiling 18.
  • Air supply devices 21 for secondary air are also located in the area of the inflow opening 19 of the first flue gas flue 2. Additional lines for returning flue gas to the various air supply devices for secondary air or primary air or to their supply lines can also be provided. In this example, at least lines are provided to the air supply devices 21 (not shown).
  • the ash burnout device 7 is designed as a vibratory conveyor. It has a plate 22 with a flat conveying surface, which is mounted on four elastic elements 23 and with an eccentric drive 24, for. B. a push crank drive is connected. A vibrating motor with internal unbalance can also be used as the drive. It is possible to manufacture the plate 22 from a heat-resistant material.
  • the conveying surface is preferably provided with a layer 25 of heat-insulating material. As shown in FIG. 2, this layer 25 can consist of wear plates 26, but it could also be a stamped-on clay. Boundary walls 27 are attached to the sides of the conveying surface parallel to the conveying direction.
  • the ash burnout device 7 with a cooling device, e.g. B. with a water cooling system with a feed line 28 and a discharge line 29.
  • the length of the ash burn-out device 7 is preferably 2 m to 6 m. In this example it is 4 m.
  • the width of the honeycomb grate, that of the ash burn-out device 7 and that of the ash removal device 8 is in each case 3 m.
  • a roller grate with six or seven rollers can be used in particular to burn waste with a low calorific value.
  • the width of the ash burn-out device 7, starting from the width of the roller grate, takes on a width corresponding to the ash removal device 8, e.g. B. 10% to 20% smaller width, from.
  • ash burnout devices 7 are arranged parallel to each other in the conveying direction.
  • the waste e.g. B. household waste, bulky waste, sewage sludge or industrial waste
  • the funnel 9 in the chute 11 and distributed with the ram feeder 13 on the first roller 6.
  • the waste is conveyed through the roller grate, possibly with the supply of primary air and from recirculated flue gas, and burned to ash and flue gas.
  • the flue gas produced during the combustion is supplied with secondary air and possibly recirculated flue gas above the roller grate through the air inlets 20 in the combustion chamber ceiling 18 and secondary air and / or recirculated flue gas in the area of the inflow opening 19 of the first flue gas duct 2 through the air supply 21.
  • the excess air n of the total combustion air supplied is 1.4 to 2.0, which corresponds to an oxygen content of 6% to 11% of the flue gas leaving the flue gas flues.
  • the secondary air portion of 20% is supplied through the air inlets 20 in the combustion chamber ceiling 18. Returned flue gas is supplied through the air supply lines 21 in the region of the inflow opening 19 of the first flue gas train.
  • the primary air is supplied in a drying stage, a combustion stage and a burnout stage.
  • an average amount of air per grate surface is created by the first roller 6, in the combustion stage by a second and third roller 6 an amount of air per grate surface increased by a factor of 1.1 to 2 and in the burnout stage by the fourth and fifth roller 6 by a 0.1 to 0.9 lower amount of air per grate area.
  • combustion and burnout stages are further subdivided.
  • the supply of primary air through the individual rollers 6 is set to the values listed in the following table:
  • the grading of the supply of primary air, but also the proportion of primary air, is regulated depending on the combustion behavior, combustion chamber and / or flue gas temperatures and the pollutant content of the flue gas.
  • the gradual supply of primary air means that the waste is first dried and possibly carbonized before it is burned and finally burned out.
  • the residence time of the waste and the ashes on the roller grate is 20 minutes to 40 minutes.
  • the ash is then conveyed through the ash burn-out device 7.
  • the supply of secondary air generates evenly hot and afterburned flue gas through the air inlets 20 in the combustion chamber ceiling 18 above the roller grate. Due to the shape of the combustion chamber ceiling 18 and the arrangement of the inflow opening 19 of the first flue gas duct 2 above the ash burnout device 7, this flue gas is guided over the roller grate to the ash burnout device 7 and via the ash burnout device 7 into the first flue gas flue 2.
  • the ash lying on the ash burn-out device 7 is brought into contact with the hot, oxygen-containing flue gas and exposed to the heat radiation of the flue gas flowing into the first flue gas train 2, which is further mixed by the supply of recirculated flue gas, and burned out to a carbon content of less than 1%.
  • the dwell time of the ash on the ash burn-out device 7 is in the above. Household waste is set to 10 minutes to 30 minutes.
  • the conveying speed of the ash and thus its dwell time on the ash burn-out device 7 is adjusted during operation by adjusting the shaking frequency, i.e. that is, by adjusting the angular velocity of the drive 24, or by adjusting the angle of the conveying surface to the horizontal depending on the burnout quality of the flue gas or the ash.
  • the layer height of the ash on the ash burn-out device 7 is set. At the same time, the layer height is evened out by shaking the vibratory conveyor.

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé d'incinération de déchets, selon lequel
       les déchets sont amenés sur une grille d'incinération,
       sont transportés le long de cette grille d'incinération et sont brûlés, avec amenée d'air primaire à travers la grille d'incinération, pour donner des cendres et des fumées,
       les fumées sont conduites le long de la grille d'incinération dans le sens du transport des déchets et des cendres, puis sont refroidies dans au moins un carneau de fumées,
       et de l'air secondaire est ajouté aux fumées et amené au-dessus de la grille d'incinération et/ou au début du premier carneau de fumées,
       caractérisé par le fait que
       après leur passage sur la grille d'incinération les cendres sont transportées le long d'un dispositif (7) de combustion complète des cendres, ce dispositif comportant une surface de transport approximativement plane, de largeur correspondant à la largeur de la grille d'incinération, et
       les fumées, contenant de l'oxygène, sont dirigées, le long et au-dessus du dispositif (7) de combustion complète des cendres, dans le premier carneau de fumées (2),
       les cendres étant soumises à une combustion complète complémentaire en présence des fumées chaudes, contenant de l'oxygène, sans apport complémentaire d'air de combustion.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'air primaire est amené à la grille d'incinération en au moins trois étages, un étage de séchage, un étage d'incinération et un étage de combustion complète.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que le temps de séjour des cendres sur le dispositif (7) de combustion complète des cendres vaut de un cinquième à la moitié du temps consacré au passage sur la grille d'incinération.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'on règle le temps de séjour des cendres sur le dispositif (7) de combustion complète des cendres en fonction des déchets amenés et/ou du niveau de combustion complète des cendres et/ou des fumées.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'on uniformise la hauteur de couche des cendres sur le dispositif (7) de combustion complète des cendres.
  6. Installation d'incinération des déchets pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1, comportant un foyer à grille et au moins un carneau de fumées, dans laquelle
       le foyer à grille présente un dispositif d'introduction, au moins une grille d'incinération et un dispositif d'élimination des cendres,
       sous la grille d'incinération est disposé au moins un dispositif d'amenée pour de l'air de combustion et
       un toit de foyer se trouve au-dessus de la grille d'incinération,
       caractérisée par le fait que
       à la suite de la grille d'incinération et avant le dispositif (8) d'élimination des cendres est disposé un dispositif (7) de combustion complète des cendres, étant précisé que
       le dispositif (7) de combustion complète des cendres est muni d'un dispositif de transport, présente une surface de transport approximativement plane, d'une largeur correspondant à celle de la grille d'incinération, et ne comporte pas de dispositifs d'amenée pour de l'air de combustion, et
       l'ouverture d'admission (19) du premier carneau de fumées (2) est disposée au-dessus du dispositif (7) de combustion complète des cendres.
  7. Installation d'incinération des déchets selon la revendication 6, caractérisée par le fait que la longueur du dispositif (7) de combustion complète des cendres vaut un tiers à deux tiers, en particulier un quart à la moitié de la longueur de la grille d'incinération.
  8. Installation d'incinération des déchets selon la revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisée par le fait qu'en partant de la largeur de la grille d'incinération, la largeur du dispositif (7) de combustion complète des cendres va en diminuant dans le sens du transport des cendres.
  9. Installation d'incinération des déchets selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisée par le fait que le dispositif (7) de combustion complète des cendres est conçu en tant que transporteur vibrant (22, 23, 24).
  10. Installation d'incinération des déchets selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisée par le fait que la surface de transport du dispositif (7) de combustion complète des cendres présente des pièces d'usure échangeables (26).
  11. Installation d'incinération des déchets selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisée par le fait que le dispositif (7) de combustion complète des cendres présente un dispositif de refroidissement (28, 29).
EP93105913A 1992-06-12 1993-04-13 Procédé d'incinération de déchets et incinérateur Expired - Lifetime EP0573756B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4219231A DE4219231C1 (de) 1992-06-12 1992-06-12 Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfall und Abfallverbrennungsanlage
DE4219231 1992-06-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0573756A2 EP0573756A2 (fr) 1993-12-15
EP0573756A3 EP0573756A3 (en) 1994-01-12
EP0573756B1 true EP0573756B1 (fr) 1995-11-15

Family

ID=6460853

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93105913A Expired - Lifetime EP0573756B1 (fr) 1992-06-12 1993-04-13 Procédé d'incinération de déchets et incinérateur

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0573756B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4219231C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2081155T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0815394B2 (fr) * 1995-03-30 2002-04-17 KOCH, Theodor Systeme d'incineration
ES2161798T3 (es) * 1995-05-05 2001-12-16 Bbp Environment Gmbh Procedimiento e instalacion de combustion para quemar basuras.
DK0839301T3 (da) * 1995-07-20 2000-07-24 Karlsruhe Forschzent Fremgangsmåde ved afbrænding af materialer, som skal behandles termisk
DE10050575C5 (de) 2000-10-12 2009-10-29 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfallprodukten
DE10063206C2 (de) * 2000-12-19 2002-10-31 Dieter Langer Feststoff-Brennkammer
DE102006005464B3 (de) 2006-02-07 2007-07-05 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Verfahren zur primärseitigen Stickoxidminderung in einem zweistufigen Verbrennungsprozess
DE102006015261B4 (de) * 2006-04-01 2014-10-23 Michaelis Gmbh & Co. Kg Treppenbettofen
CN108644786B (zh) * 2018-06-29 2023-12-12 舟山旺能环保能源有限公司 一种隔热性能好且使用寿命长的垃圾焚烧炉外墙

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR802952A (fr) * 1936-03-04 1936-09-19 Woodall Duckham 1920 Ltd Perfectionnements aux foyers destinés à la combustion des combustibles pauvres et spécialement des ordures ménagères
FR1348314A (fr) * 1963-02-25 1964-01-04 Forni Ed Impianti Ind Ingg De Bartolomeis Spa Perfectionnement apporté aux fours à grilles pour l'incinération des ordures ménagères
DK122141B (da) * 1968-11-04 1972-01-24 Bruun & Soerensen Ildsted, især til forbrænding af affald.
FR2161269A5 (fr) * 1971-11-19 1973-07-06 Cimab Sa
DE3345867A1 (de) * 1983-12-19 1985-06-27 Wärmetechnik Dr. Pauli GmbH, 8035 Gauting Verfahren und vorrichtung zur thermischen verwertung von rueckstaenden
DE4027908C2 (de) * 1990-09-03 1996-06-13 Linde Ag Verbrennungsverfahren und Vorrichtung dafür

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0573756A3 (en) 1994-01-12
DE4219231C1 (de) 1993-10-21
EP0573756A2 (fr) 1993-12-15
DE59300936D1 (de) 1995-12-21
ES2081155T3 (es) 1996-02-16

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