EP0573695A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Formen von geformten Produkten - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Formen von geformten Produkten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0573695A1
EP0573695A1 EP92116012A EP92116012A EP0573695A1 EP 0573695 A1 EP0573695 A1 EP 0573695A1 EP 92116012 A EP92116012 A EP 92116012A EP 92116012 A EP92116012 A EP 92116012A EP 0573695 A1 EP0573695 A1 EP 0573695A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
molding
chamber
blank
filler
binder
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EP92116012A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0573695B1 (de
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Mikhail Vasilievich Birjukov
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent
    • B27N1/0209—Methods, e.g. characterised by the composition of the agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/28—Moulding or pressing characterised by using extrusion presses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for processing feedstok of vegetable origin, and in particular to a method for molding shaped products and an apparatus for carrying out same.
  • the invention can be used for manufacturing chip boards and bars from the wastes of the pulp and paper and wood-working industries, from vegetable feedstock, and for processing domestic wastes which are sorted according to fractions in advance.
  • Processing wastes obtained from the woodworking and pulp and paper industries is a priority problem in the recycle feedstock processing industry.
  • Production of wood chipboards and squared bars from sawdust and tree bark helps prevent excessive tree felling and thus improve and plant's ecological situation.
  • the processing of domestic wastes accumulating around cities has a favorable effect on air purity and sanitarty conditions of the environment.
  • Equipment used for carrying out the existing molding methods has, as a general rule, a very complicated design because of the need to apply great molding pressures.
  • the apparatus used to carry out the above method for extruding plastic materials comprises an extrusion chamber which encloses a piston for propelling the extrudable material which is formed into a product and a die.
  • the apparatus further comprises means for imparting oscillatory movement to the piston, which means are activated when a required amount of plastic material is accumulated between the piston and the die in the extrusion chamber.
  • the piston performs a series of oscillations and pushes the material through the die to shape it into an elongate product. Following this, the outlet is closed, and a new batch of material starts to be accumulated in the extrusion chamber.
  • Said means for imparting oscillatory movement to the piston can, alternatively be an induction coil that generates a variable electromagnetic field cooperating with the piston, or another device for example, the means comprises a nozzle to supply hot gas into the chamber at the back of the piston, and an ignition plug. A certain amount of gas is accumulated in the chamber at the back of the piston and is ignited by a spark. The pressure of the expanding gases forces the piston to move toward the die, thereby extruding the plastic material. Under the effect of residual gas pressure, the piston performs several oscillatory moves toward the die.
  • Said apparatus is used for extruding plastic materials. It can only be used for molding elongate products out of plastic materials when one portion adheres to the other and is held in place by the cohesive forces between the molecules of the plastic material, whereupon the material is polymerized to turn into a continuous and integral product.
  • the above method is unsuitable for molding mixtures comprising a plastic material as a binder and solid filler particles if the latter have sufficiently large dimensions, in which case no cohesion occurs between the solids at the molecular level. Then, after the molded product has left the extrusion chamber, and before the binder has polymerized, the product is likely to disintegrate, i.e., the bond between the individual portions of the extrudable mixture may be broken.
  • Apparatuses comprising units to prevent disintegration are used for molding mixtures of this type.
  • a method for molding shaped products comprising mixing a filler, containing specially treated particles of vegetable origin, which are disintegrated and sorted according to fractions and of which ones fraction is used, and a binder.
  • the resultant mixture is fed to a briquetting zone to form a briquette with an axial passage-way, whereupon the briquette is packed and advanced, to a molding zone, where a continuous shaped blank is produced by joining each successive packed briquette to a preceeding one under pressure.
  • the blank is then heated, and products of desired length are detached from the continuous shaped blank thus produced (ref., for example, German Patent No. 2,932,4006, 1981).
  • An apparatus for carrying out the above method comprises a charging and briquetting chamber, housing a hole-making member, the geometric axis of which is aligned with the molding axis of a blank, and a piston displaceable along the molding axis, the chamber and the piston being mounted on a frame and communicating with each other.
  • the charging and briquetting chamber communicates with a briquette molding chamber which molds the briquettes into a continuous shaped blank, and a heat treatment chamber provided with a heater.
  • the apparatus further comprises means for dividing the blank into products of desired length (ref., for example, German Patent No. 2,932,406 A1, 1981).
  • the above apparatus is suitable for molding a mixture comprising vegetable particles and a binder.
  • a synthetic polymeric material is used as the binder.
  • the polymeric material is first transferred to a flowable state.
  • the piston endface is designed so that its middle areas are offset backward relative to the peripheral areas, i.e., a recess is formed.
  • the recess has a waving, rather than a smooth, surface, the wave size decreasing toward the center.
  • the apparatus has a cooled and a heated portions in the blank passageway. Furthermore, a gap is provided between the two passageway portions to provide heat insulation between them.
  • the passageway is diverging along the path of the blank, the divergence being different for different portions.
  • the above-mentioned method for manufacturing a continuous shaped blank uses an organic binder which is by itself toxic to humans and animals.
  • the preferred filler is provided by the conifer chips which are easily formed into a mat.
  • the above-mentioned patent provides for attaining an intensive matting state of particles of vegetable origin. Three bark cannot, in practical terms, be used as a filler; if it has to be used, it must be disintegrated minutely. Particles of reduced size, however, require growing amounts of the binder. To reduce the consumption of the binder, this chip size increases, thereby adsversely affecting the strength of the final products.
  • the mixture is fed into the charging and briquetting chamber by a triple reciprocation of a gate valve. This procedure is required to remove the vapor-gas mixture and toxic gases released from the polymeric binder.
  • a product manufactured by this method has a density of 0.35 to 0.85 g/cm3. Moreover, the final product is easily flammable and burns well, because it is manufactured on the basis of an organic polymeric binder; also, it swells readily and breaks up under the effect of moisture.
  • a method for molding shaped products comprising mixing a filler containing particles sof vegetable origin, which are disintegrated and sorted according to fractions and one fraction of which is used, and a binder, the resultant mixture is fed into a briquetting zone where a briquette with an acial passageway is formed, whereupon the briquette is packed and transferred to a molding zone where a continuous shaped blank is obtained by joining each successive packed briquette to the preceeding one under pressure, and the blank is then heated and products of desired length are separated from the continuous shaped blank
  • the particles of vegetable origin in the fraction used have a size of 0.002 to 10,mm and a moisture content of 4 to 15%
  • the binder consists of the hemicelluloses released from particles of vegetable origin under molding pressure
  • the mixture is packed in the briquetting zone at a volume ratio of 4:1 to 7:1, and the temperature is maintained within 160 to 350°C, each successive packed briquette is joined to the preced
  • the binder is further selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxides, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide or their hydrates in an amount of 30 to 50% of the filler weight.
  • the binder further comprise roasted magnesium-containing ores having 20 to 98% of magnesium oxide at a temperature of 20 to 350°C in an amount of 30 to 36% of the filler weight.
  • a mixing agent such as an aqueous solution of a salt selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride and potassium chloride, with a density of 1.1 to 1.6 g/cm3.
  • the filler particles should be treated with an antiseptic agent in an amount of 12 to 16% of the filler weight.
  • the antiseptic agent should be a substance selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, sulfuric acid, magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate.
  • the filler particles prior to mixing with the binder, be treated with a fire retardant in an amount of 30 to 50% of the filler weight.
  • a fire retardan selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide.
  • the mixture be prepacked in the briquetting zone to build up stresses in a direction normal to the blank molding axis and parallel to the base to obtain the cross-sectional size of the blank following prepacking.
  • the briquette facet serving as the base with a ridge the axis of which is parallel to the molding axis, and to form on the opposite face of the briquette a slot replicating the shape of the ridge, the axis of the slot being parallel to the molding axis.
  • scrap obtained from the production of arabogalactan and gums be used as the filler.
  • tan waste resulting from tanning extract production be used as the filler.
  • arabogalactan is to be used as the binder in an amount of 5 to 37% of the filler weight.
  • tar-impregnated wood be used as the binder in an amount of 5 to 100% of the filler weight.
  • an apparatus for performing the method for molding shaped products comprising a charging and briquetting chamber, housing a hole-making member, the geometric axis of which is aligned with the molding axis of a blank, and a piston displaceable along the molding axis, a briquetting chamber for molding briquettes into a continuous shaped blank, and a heat treatment chamber provided with a heater, said units being mounted consecutively on a frame and communicating with one another, and also having means for dividing the continuous blank into product, according to the invention, the briquetting chamber has the shape of two multi-faceted truncated pyramids interconnected along the perimeter of the minor bases, the side faces of the pyramids being rigidly secured to the frame so that the geometric axis of the pyramids coincides with the molding axis of the continuous blank, the major base of one of the pyramids being joined along the perimeter thereof with the charging and briquettin chamber, and the major base of the other pyramid being connected along the perimeter
  • the means for applying counter-pressure to the continuous molded blank contain two plates located on the respective parallel molding axes of the side walls of the cooling chamber for movement relative to said walls and coupled kinematically to a power drive.
  • the taper angle of the hole-forming member lie within the range of 1 to 5 degrees, and the taper angle of the truncated pyramid connected to the charging and briquetting chamber be 10 to 12 degrees greater than the taper of the hole-forming member.
  • the means to heat the mixture in the charging and briquetting chamber should contain two electrodes connected to a power supply, one of the electrodes being located in the passageway provided in the hole-forming member and electrically coupled to said member, an insulating spacer being provided between the hole-forming member and the piston, and the other electrode being coupled electrically to the housing of the briquetting chamber.
  • the apparatus should contain an insert to shape a ridge, located in the charging and briquetting chamber on the base thereof, and an insert to produce a slot replicating the shape of the ridge, on the chamber wall opposite to the base, the axes of the ridge and slot being parallel to the molding axis.
  • the apparatus contain means to prevent the wear of the inside surface of chamber walls, located in the charging and briquetting chamber, the heat treatment chamber and the cooling chamber.
  • the means to prevent the wear of the side walls of the chambers contain plates of a wear-resistant material, which are mounted on the chamber walls.
  • the apparatus contain mixture packing means located in the charging and briquetting chamber.
  • the mixture packing means contains two pistons coupled kinematically to a power drive, the ends of the pistons serving as the side walls of the charging and briquetting chamber and the axes of which are perpendicular to the molding axis of the continuous shaped blank.
  • the present method far molding shaped products for example, squared bars, is carried out as follows:
  • a filler and binder are prepared.
  • the filler is prepared from particles of vegetable, origin, for example, wood sawdust, shavings and chips, wastes of the pulp and paper industry, such as paper dust and cuttings, tree bark, crushed twigs and branches, cotton plant stalks, rice husks, and seaweed.
  • the particles of vegetable origin used in the present method have a moisture content of 4 to 15%. If the moisture content of particles of vegetable origin is higher than this range, they are dried with hot air to remove excess moisture.
  • the filler is comminuted and sorted according to fractions.
  • the fraction used in the method has a size preferably within 0.02 to 10 mm. The smaller the size of particles of vegetable origin the better they are impregnated with the binder or mixing agent.
  • the binder is obtained from the hemicelluloses of particles of vegetable origin which are released under molding pressure, hemicelluloses being substances binding cellulose and lignin.
  • the binder and filler are then blended to obtain a mixture which is supplied to the briquetting zone, briquettes having an axial passageway being obtained from the mixture.
  • the mixture is packed at a volume ratio of 4:1 to 7:1, preferably 6:1. Packing helps remove air pockets and minimize the size of pores between the particles.
  • the temperature in the briquetting zone is maintained within the range of 160 to 350°C, at which the particles of vegetable origin are plasticized.
  • the mixture is directed into the molding zone, where a first briquette is molded.
  • a continuous shaped blank is molded in the molding zone by joining each successive packed briquette to the preceding one under a specific pressure of 2.4 to 50 MPa and a temperature lying within the range of 160 to 350°C.
  • the continuous shaped blank is heated to 300°C to carry out the hemicellulose polymerization process, whereupon it is advanced to the cooling zone where the temperature of the continuous shaped blank is reduced gradually to the ambient temperature.
  • Products of desired length are detached from the continuous shaped blank.
  • the binder is further selected from among substances in the group consisting of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide or their hydrates, in an amount of 30 to 50% of the filler weight.
  • the binder is obtained from magnesium-containing ores having a magnesium oxide content in the range of 20 to 80%, for example, Sorel's cement, which is a magnesite powder at a temperature of 20 to 350°C. This is advantageous if a Sorel's cement producing facility is situated close to the site where the present method is practised.
  • the filler and binder are supplemented with a mixing agent, which is an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride or potassium chloride at a density of 1.18 to 1.6 g/cm3.
  • a mixing agent which is an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride or potassium chloride at a density of 1.18 to 1.6 g/cm3.
  • binder and mixing agent are not toxic to humans, so the products obtained by the present method are not toxic either.
  • the filler is treated, prior to mixing with the binder, with an antiseptic agent in an amount of 12 to 16% of the weight of the filler.
  • the antiseptic is selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, sulfuric acid, magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate.
  • the binder As the binder is mixed with the filler, the binder is hydrated, as a result of which large amounts of heat are liberated. A thermal field, which reduces sharply the setting time of the mixture, is formed around each filler particle.
  • the binder is obtained from hemicelluloses released from the cells of particles of vegetable origin during the molding. Simultaneously, the natural moisture contained in the cells and between cells is removed. Also, the himicellulose is polymerized to envelop the particles and produce an integral blank.
  • the products obtained in this case, however, are easily flammable and rottable.
  • magnesium oxide used as the binder
  • the magnesium atoms are distributed over the outer surface of cells. Magnesium oxide cannot penetrate into the cell interior through the membrane.
  • an integral blank is obtained, the following phenomena occur: first, polymerization of the hemicellulose and, second, formation of a crystalline lattice of magnesium atoms surrounding the cells.
  • a mixing agent is added to the mixture at the preparation stage.
  • Magnesium chloride for example, is used as the mixing agent. Magnesium chloride is capable of penetrating through the membrane into the interior of cells of vegetable particles.
  • the hemicellulose is polymerized and, second, a crystalline lattice of magnesium atoms is formed.
  • Magnesium atoms located inside and around the cells are involved in the formation of the lattice.
  • Magnesium chloride is also used as a fire retardant. Therefore, products to which this fire retardant is added make poor burners. Crystallization is completed essentially within 72 hours. The physico-chemical properties of finished products are stabilized within a month's time.
  • the filler is treated, prior to mixing with the filler, with a fire retardant in an amount of 30 to 50% of the filler weight.
  • the fire retardant is either magnesium oxide or calcium oxide, which are non-toxic for humans.
  • the mixture portion is packed to remove air and vapor therefrom. Packing is effected by applying a force in a direction perpendicular to the molding axis of the continuous shaped blank, parallel to the base thereof. Packing is continued until the cross-sectional size of the blank is reached.
  • the filler is provided by scrap resulting from the production of arabogalactan and gums. It can be used independently or in a mixture with sawdust. The filler can also be provided by tan wastes resulting from the production of tanning extracts, both independently and in a mixture with sawdust. Alternatively, arabogalactan is used as the binder.
  • the amount of abarbogalactan varies from 5 to 37% of the filler weight.
  • the amount of arabogalactan varies within the range of 5 to 37%, depending on the kind of filler used.
  • ababogalactan is used in an amount of 5 to 15% of the filler weight.
  • tar-impregnated wood can be used as the binder in preparing a mixture in amounts of 5 to 100% of the filler weight.
  • the tar-impregnated wood is a crushed stump and adjoining areas of pine-tree roots. Products obtained with use of the tar-impregnated wood have a very high bending strength and can withstand stresses of up to 60 MPa.
  • An apparatus for molding shaped products comprises a charging and briquetting chamber 1 (Fig. 1) which is provided with a charging bin 2 and is mounted on a frame 2.
  • the chamber 1 is joined along the perimeter of the outlet opening thereof to a chamber 4 that molds briquettes into a continuous shaped blank.
  • the chamber 1 accommodates an axially displaceable piston 6 which is connected, via a reducing gear, to a hydraulic drive (not shown in Fig. 1).
  • the endface of the piston 5 carries a contilevered member 6 to form an opening having an axis coinciding with the molding axis X-X of a continuous shaped blank 7.
  • the member 6 is a truncated cone, the length of which is equal to at least three times the length of the stroke of the piston 5.
  • the taper of the member 6 lies within the range of 1 to 5 angular degrees.
  • a heat treatment chamber 8 is joined along the perimeter to the outlet of the molding chamber 4.
  • the chamber 4, and 8 are mounted on the frame 3.
  • the heat treatment chamber 8 is provided with a heater 9 which is, in the embodiment described herein, an electric heater mounted on the outside surface of the chamber 8.
  • the outlet of the chamber 8 is connected along the perimeter thereof to a cooling chamber 10, which is also mounted on the frame 3.
  • the chamber 10 contains a series of sections, so the continuous shaped blank 7 cools down as it passes through them.
  • the apparatus is provided with means 11 for dividing the blank 7 into products of desired length.
  • the beans 11 comprises a saw 12 with a power drive 13.
  • One of the sections of the cooling chamber 10 is provided with means 14 to apply a counterpressure to the continuous shaped blank 7.
  • the means 14 is intended to urge the side walls of the ceooling chamber against the blank 7 during briquette molding with a force equal to, or larger than, the brequette molding pressure.
  • the briquetting chamber 4 comprises two multi-faceted truncated pyramids 15 and 16 joined together along the perimeter of the minor bases thereof.
  • the side facets of the pyramids 15 and 16 are rigidly secured to the frame 3 so that the geometric axis of the pyramids 15 and 16 is aligned with the molding axis X-X of the continuous blank 7.
  • the major base of the pyramid 15 is joined along the perimeter thereof to the charging and briquetting chamber 1.
  • the major base of the other pyramid 16 is joined along the perimeter thereof to the heat treatment chamber 8.
  • This design of the molding chamber 4 makes it possible to prevent the breakdown of the continuous blank 7 when the piston 5 moves back to permit the chamber 1 to receive a successive portion of the mixture.
  • the taper angle of the truncated pyramid 15 is 10 to 12 angular degrees larger than the taper of the hole-forming member 6 and varies from 20 to 25 angular degrees.
  • the mixture 17 (Fig. 2) entering the charging and briquetting chamber 1 should not be allowed to cool, so that apparatus comprises means 18 for heating the mixture.
  • One electrode, 19, of the means 18 contacts the casing of the chamber 1, and the other electrode, 20, is located in a passageway 21 of the member 6.
  • the electrodes 19 and 20 are connected to a power supply 22.
  • the passageway 21 is reinforced, and the end of the electrode 21 is coupled electrically with the member 6.
  • An insulating spacer is palced between the member 6 and the piston 5, and a part of the electrode 20 extends through the passageway insider the piston 5 and is insulated from the piston 5 by a spacer 24.
  • the charging and briquetting chamber 1 (Fig. 3) contains an insert 25 to produce a ridge on the base 26 of the chamber 1.
  • the opposite wall 27 of the chamber 1 is provided with an insert 28 to produce a slot replicating the shape of the ridge.
  • the well 27 has an opening 29 to allow a mixture to be charged into the chamber 1.
  • the chamber 1 consists of two parts 30 and 31 which are interconnected by a flange 32.
  • a product 33 (Fig. 4) having facets 34 can be obtained.
  • special inserts (not shown in Fig. 3) are placed in the chamber 1 to produce the facets.
  • the means comprises plates 35 (Fig. 3) of a wear-resistant material which replicate the shape of the inside surfaces of the chamber walls and are provided on the walls of all the chambers 1, 4, 8 and 10.
  • the plates 36 and 37 are pressed against the side walls of the chamber 10 by pressure members 38.
  • the pressure members 38 At the points of contact with the plates 36 and 37, the pressure members 38 have a spherical surface 39.
  • the end of the pressure 38 is connected, via a reducing gear 40, to a power drive 41.
  • the pressure members 38 are kinematically interconnected with one another by a shackle 42. When in the chamber 10, the continuous shaped blank moves in guides 43 and 44.
  • the apparatus also comprises means for prepacking the mixture in the charging and briquetting chamber.
  • the means comprises two pistons 45 and 46 (Figs. 6a and 6b), the endfaces of which serve as the side walls of the charging and briquetting chamber.
  • the axes of the pistons are perpendicular to the molding axis X-X.
  • the piston 45 and 46 are coupled kinematically to hydraulic power drives (not shown in Fig. 6).
  • Fig. 6a shows the pistons 45 and 46 in a position when the mixture is charged into the chamber 1.
  • Fig. 6b shows the pistons 45 and 46 in a position when the mixture has been packed to the cross-sectional size of the shaped blank being molded.
  • the apparatus for molding shaped products comprises a unit 48 (Fig.7) for crushing chips 47 and tree bark. It can be used for crushing any particles of vegetable origin.
  • the unit 48 is connected by a pipeline to a screen 49 provided to separate the crushed filler particles into fractions.
  • the screen 49 is connected by a pipeline to a dryer 50.
  • the dryer is intended to dry the crushed particles in a fluidized bed. The dried filler particles are collected in an accumulator bin 51.
  • the binder is prepared from a mineral stock.
  • the apparatus comprises an ore roasting furnace 52 and a conventional type crusher. A ball mill is used in the embodiment described.
  • a screw-type mixer 54 having a screw connected to an electric power drive 55, is provided for mixing the filler and the binder.
  • the apparatus further comprises tanks 60 and 51 for antiseptic and fire retardant solutions, which are pumped from said tanks via pipelines 56 and 57 and valves 58 and 59, respectively, to the mixer 54.
  • a mixing agent tank 62 connected via a valve 63 and pipeline 64 to the mixer 54, is further provided in the apparatus.
  • the mixture 17 is emptied from the mixer into a mold 65. Molding is effected by a press 67.
  • the apparatus is operated as follows:
  • Wood wastes for examples, chips 47 (Fig. 7) and wood bark are fed into the crushing unit 48.
  • the crushed filler, particles are advanced to the screen 49 where they are screened to separate fractions of a particle size of 0.002 to 10 mm.
  • the moisture content of the particles is monitored continuously to be within 4 to 16%.
  • the particles are dried with hot air in the fluidized bed dryer 50.
  • the prepared filled is transferred to the accumulator bin 51.
  • the binder is chosen alternatively from hemicelluloses of particles of vegetable origin released during the molding process, or an additional mineral binder.
  • the binder When magnesium oxide is used as the binder, the magnesium-containing ore is pre-roasted in the roasting furnace 52. Upon roasting, the ore lumps are crushed in the crusher 53, which is a ball mill in the embodiment described.
  • the powdered magnesium oxide flows into the screw-type mixer 54 which is also supplied at a desired ratio from the accumulator bin 51.
  • the filler and binder are blended in the mixer 54 and the resultant mixture 17 is fed to the charging bin 2 of the apparatus for molding a continuous shaped blank.
  • the charging bin is mounted over the charging opening 29 of the charging and briquetting chamber 1.
  • the mixer 54 is supplied with an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride at a density of 1.2 g/cm3 as a mixing agent.
  • the mixing agent is supplied from the tank 62 via the pipeline 64.
  • the filler is treated with an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride at a density of 1.18 g/cm3 as an antiseptic agent, and with magnesium oxide in dry powder form as a fire retardant, which solution and powder are fed in, at a desired ratio from the tanks 60 and 61 into the mixer 54.
  • the mixture Upon charging, the mixture is, packed in a direction perpendicular to the molding axis. For this purpose, the piston 45 and 46 are moved toward the molding axis. Since the endfaces of the pistons 45 and 46 serve as walls of the chamber 1 in a position when they are advanced to the closest possible distance from the molding axis, the mixture in the chamber 1 acquires the cross-sectional size of the blank 7.
  • a briquette is then formed, as the piston moves toward the molding chamber 4.
  • the briquette is provided with an axial passageway.
  • the mixture is packed at a volume ratio of 4:1 to 7:1, preferably 6:1.
  • a ridge and a slot are formed in the briquette, the ridge being provided from below. Since the finer particles settle down the ridge has a more solid structure.
  • the temperature of the mixture in the chamber 1 is maintained within 160 to 350°C by connecting the electrodes 19 and 20 to the power supply 22.
  • the particles of vegetable origin are plasticized at this temperature.
  • the piston 5 is then retracted to the far left position and a new batch of mixture 17 is admitted into the chamber 1, i.e., the briquetting process is repeated. Meanwhile, at the end of the stroke of the piston 5 the preceding molded briquette is pushed by the piston into the molding chamber 4.
  • the briquette is first admitted into thee part of the chamber 4, which is defined by the pyramid 15 and the cross-sectional area of which decreases along the path of the briquette. In this part of the chamber 4, each successive briquette is joined to the preceding briquette under a specific pressure of up to 30 MPa. As a result, a continuous, shaped blank 7 is obtained.
  • Vapors and gases released upon molding are vented through the central opening in the blank 7. These vapors and gases tend to expand the molded mixture. Under the pressure of the released vapors and gases, the blank 7 slowly increases its size, assuming the desired shape at the outlet of the chamber 4.
  • the molded blank 7 which has entered the second part of the chamber 4 cannot break up toward the piston because, once through the smallest cross-sectional area of the chamber 4 the cross-sectional area begins to widen, as indicated above, in the absence of a force exceeding the molding force that could return the blank back.
  • the chamber 4 is where the polymerization of hemicellulose begins and where the blank is transformed into a solid product.
  • the continuous shaped blank 7 enters the heat treatment chamber 8 where the temperature is maintained within the same range of about 300°C.
  • hemicellulose polymerization occurs, i.e., the mixture sets and the blank 7 is transformed into a solid continuous shaped blank 7.
  • the continuous shaped blank 7 is fed into the cooling chamber 10 comprising a series of sections. As the blank 7 passes through the sections it is cooled to the ambient temperature.
  • the continuous shaped blank 7 is cut up into products 33 which are piled up in stacks.
  • the mass is extruded from the mixer directly into the mold 65 and molded by a press 67.
  • the present method is suitable for manufacturing molded products, for example, squared bars for making residential houses, chipboards for facing walls and making furniture, etc.
  • Products obtained by the present invention are non-toxic, are not flammable and do not rot. They are produced by waste-free and ecologically clean techniques, i.e., they do not contaminate the environment.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
EP92116012A 1992-06-10 1992-09-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Formen von geformten Produkten Expired - Lifetime EP0573695B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU5041121 1992-06-10
SU925041121A RU2041816C1 (ru) 1992-06-10 1992-06-10 Способ изготовления профилированных прессованных изделий и устройство для его осуществления

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RU (1) RU2041816C1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0908281A1 (de) * 1997-10-10 1999-04-14 Werzalit Ag + Co. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formteilen
EP1852495A1 (de) * 2006-05-02 2007-11-07 Prokopos Vasillos Verfahren zur Herstellung von brennbarem Material
EP1925413A2 (de) 2006-11-21 2008-05-28 Anton Heggenstaller GmbH Verfahren und Strangpressanlage zum Herstellen von Strangpressprodukten
WO2008146370A1 (ja) 2007-05-30 2008-12-04 Fujitsu Limited 植物材料を用いた圧縮成型品及びその製造方法
WO2011029922A3 (de) * 2009-09-11 2011-12-01 Anton Heggenstaller Gmbh Produktionseinrichtung und produktionsverfahren

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MD3564G2 (ro) * 2006-02-22 2008-11-30 Иван НЕКИТ Maşină de presare (variante)
CN101112765B (zh) * 2006-07-24 2013-05-29 迪芬巴赫有限两合公司 制造材料板的单层或多层压力机
RU2520463C2 (ru) * 2010-03-16 2014-06-27 Павло СЕМЕНИВСКИЙ Способ и экструзионное устройство для изготовления балочных элементов закрытого профиля, главным образом трубчатых балок, и балочный элемент закрытого профиля, изготовленный этим способом
CN103675207B (zh) * 2013-11-28 2015-07-01 南京理工大学 多功能松散物料成型试验装置
CN114012857A (zh) * 2021-10-15 2022-02-08 廊坊民丰木业有限公司 一种高性能镁系无机阻燃刨花板的制备方法

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FR1189899A (fr) * 1956-12-19 1959-10-07 Procédé et installation pour la fabrication de pièces moulées sous pression et à haute température
DE2714256A1 (de) * 1977-03-31 1978-10-05 Anton Heggenstaller Vorrichtung zum strangpressen von stangen, profilen o.dgl. aus mit bindemitteln versehenen pflanzlichen kleinteilen
DE3222113A1 (de) * 1982-06-11 1983-12-15 Anton 8892 Kühbach Heggenstaller Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steigerung der biegefestigkeit von strangpresserzeugnissen aus gemischen v. pflanzlichen kleinteilen u. bindemitteln
AT373824B (de) * 1981-04-16 1984-02-27 Chemokomplex Vegyipari Gep Es Vorrichtung zum mehrschichtigen, kontinuierlichen pressen von zerstueckelten materialien zu plattenartigen gebilden, z.b. spanplatten
EP0161766A1 (de) * 1984-03-30 1985-11-21 Kuo Cheng Shen Verbundstoff aus Lignocellulosematerial
WO1989002354A1 (en) * 1987-09-17 1989-03-23 Kurt Andersson An arrangement for producing an elongated fibrous object

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FR1189899A (fr) * 1956-12-19 1959-10-07 Procédé et installation pour la fabrication de pièces moulées sous pression et à haute température
DE2714256A1 (de) * 1977-03-31 1978-10-05 Anton Heggenstaller Vorrichtung zum strangpressen von stangen, profilen o.dgl. aus mit bindemitteln versehenen pflanzlichen kleinteilen
AT373824B (de) * 1981-04-16 1984-02-27 Chemokomplex Vegyipari Gep Es Vorrichtung zum mehrschichtigen, kontinuierlichen pressen von zerstueckelten materialien zu plattenartigen gebilden, z.b. spanplatten
DE3222113A1 (de) * 1982-06-11 1983-12-15 Anton 8892 Kühbach Heggenstaller Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steigerung der biegefestigkeit von strangpresserzeugnissen aus gemischen v. pflanzlichen kleinteilen u. bindemitteln
EP0161766A1 (de) * 1984-03-30 1985-11-21 Kuo Cheng Shen Verbundstoff aus Lignocellulosematerial
WO1989002354A1 (en) * 1987-09-17 1989-03-23 Kurt Andersson An arrangement for producing an elongated fibrous object

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0908281A1 (de) * 1997-10-10 1999-04-14 Werzalit Ag + Co. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formteilen
EP1852495A1 (de) * 2006-05-02 2007-11-07 Prokopos Vasillos Verfahren zur Herstellung von brennbarem Material
EP1925413A2 (de) 2006-11-21 2008-05-28 Anton Heggenstaller GmbH Verfahren und Strangpressanlage zum Herstellen von Strangpressprodukten
EP1925413A3 (de) * 2006-11-21 2009-04-01 Anton Heggenstaller GmbH Verfahren und Strangpressanlage zum Herstellen von Strangpressprodukten
EP2425947A3 (de) * 2006-11-21 2012-11-14 Anton Heggenstaller GmbH Strangpresseinrichtung
WO2008146370A1 (ja) 2007-05-30 2008-12-04 Fujitsu Limited 植物材料を用いた圧縮成型品及びその製造方法
EP2153957A1 (de) * 2007-05-30 2010-02-17 Fujitsu Limited Pressgeformte artikel aus pflanzlichem material und verfahren zur herstellung der artikel
EP2153957A4 (de) * 2007-05-30 2011-06-22 Fujitsu Ltd Pressgeformte artikel aus pflanzlichem material und verfahren zur herstellung der artikel
EP2450168A1 (de) * 2007-05-30 2012-05-09 Fujitsu Limited Verfahren zur Herstellung von formgepressten Produkten mit Pflanzenmaterial
US8262960B2 (en) 2007-05-30 2012-09-11 Fujitsu Limited Compression-molded product using plant material and method for manufacturing the same
WO2011029922A3 (de) * 2009-09-11 2011-12-01 Anton Heggenstaller Gmbh Produktionseinrichtung und produktionsverfahren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0573695B1 (de) 1997-02-12
CN1079933A (zh) 1993-12-29
CN1034268C (zh) 1997-03-19
RU2041816C1 (ru) 1995-08-20
CA2077731A1 (en) 1993-12-11
ATE148850T1 (de) 1997-02-15
DE69217484T2 (de) 1997-08-28
DE69217484D1 (de) 1997-03-27

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