EP0573335A1 - Composition d'acier inoxydable pour pièces utilisées en ultravide et à basse température - Google Patents
Composition d'acier inoxydable pour pièces utilisées en ultravide et à basse température Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0573335A1 EP0573335A1 EP93401364A EP93401364A EP0573335A1 EP 0573335 A1 EP0573335 A1 EP 0573335A1 EP 93401364 A EP93401364 A EP 93401364A EP 93401364 A EP93401364 A EP 93401364A EP 0573335 A1 EP0573335 A1 EP 0573335A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- stainless steel
- low temperature
- steel composition
- high vacuum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100536354 Drosophila melanogaster tant gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Ar] Chemical compound [O].[Ar] VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the invention relates to a stainless steel composition for parts used in ultrahigh vacuum and at low temperature, in particular having improved mechanical properties, tightness and non-magnetism.
- stainless steel must be able to withstand, without altering the preceding properties, the degassing treatment at 950 ° C. which certain users must subject it to in a few applications.
- nobium serves to stabilize the carbon and consequently reinforces the corrosion resistance. This addition improves the heat resistance of the shade and indirectly strengthens the elastic limit at low temperature by refining the grain.
- the steels according to the present invention are obtained in a conventional manner by elaboration in an arc furnace and then undergoes refining by the AOD process (also called “refining in an AOD reactor") ("argon oxygen decarburization", decarburization with argon-oxygen. ) which allows to obtain without difficulty the desired low carbon content.
- AOD process also called “refining in an AOD reactor”
- argon oxygen decarburization decarburization with argon-oxygen.
- the steel obtained can be subjected to remelting under slag, in particular when it is desired to produce with the composition of the thin walls and of the knife-type joints.
- the low inclusion content guarantees superior sealing.
- this treatment is not compulsory.
- the parts prepared from a composition according to the present invention undergo a heat treatment at a temperature of 1000-1100 ° C with cooling in air, oil or water depending on the size of the parts, to give a hyper-soaked state.
- Table 1 below groups together a certain number of mechanical strength measurements carried out by three laboratories on steel bars according to the present invention.
- the specific composition of the steel used to make the test bars is as follows: Closed off ⁇ 31.75 hyper-soaked ⁇ 12 hyper soaked ⁇ 12 work hardened ⁇ 45 hyper soaked Carbon 0.033 0.035 0.027 0.035 Chromium 20.89 20.69 20.10 20.69 Nickel 9.22 9.73 9.09 9.73 Manganese 4.14 3.92 4.00 3.92 Molybdenum 2.10 2.14 2.10 2.14 Silicon 0.36 0.42 0.37 0.42 Phosphorus 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 Sulfur ⁇ 0.002 ⁇ 0.002 ⁇ 0.002 ⁇ 0.002 Niobium 0.32 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 Nitrogen 0.42 0.427 0.419 0.427
- the rate of work hardening which one applies possibly depends on the mechanical characteristics which one wishes to obtain and the single figure shows the evolution of the mechanical characteristics Rm and Rp 0.2% according to the rate of work hardening.
- Table 2 gives results concerning the magnetic susceptibility of a stainless steel according to the present invention. TABLE 2 H 0.005 oe 1000 ow Magnetic susceptibility at 1.8K 5.10 ⁇ 3 5.10 ⁇ 3
- the material is therefore classified as non-magnetic at a temperature of 1.8K.
- the stainless steel compositions according to the present invention give parts having mechanical characteristics and non-magnetic properties which make them particularly suitable for the realization of installations in ultra-vacuum and / or at very low temperature; they find a particular application in installations analysis of elementary particles and the creation of cryogenic motors.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- L'invention concerne une composition d'acier inoxydable pour pièces utilisées en ultravide et à basse température, ayant en particulier des propriétés mécaniques, une étanchéité et un amagnétisme accrus.
- La réalisation d'installations d'analyse des particules élémentaires notamment nécessite l'utilisation d'aciers inoxydables devant présenter les propriétés suivantes :
- étanchéité au travers des pièces du fait de la différence de pression qui existe entre l'enceinte sous vide (à plus de 10⁻¹⁰ torr, 1,33.10⁻⁸ Pa) et la pression atmosphérique règnant à l'extérieur,
- étanchéité des joints de type couteau lors des assemblages sans soudure en présence de la même différence de pression,
- propriétés mécaniques tant en résistance à la traction qu'en ténacité jusqu'à des températures très basses allant jusau'à 1,8K
- amagnétisme jusqu'à 1,8K afin de ne pas perturber le trajet des particules.
- En outre, il faut que l'acier inoxydable puisse supporter, sans altération des propriétés précédentes, le traitement de dégazage à 950°C que certains utilisateurs doivent lui faire subir dans quelques applications.
- Jusqu'à présent la solution la plus courante consistait à utiliser la nuance E-Z 2 CND 17.13 + Az ayant la composition nominale suivante
% en poids Carbone ≦ 0,03 Chrome 17,00 Nickel 14,00 Molybdène 2,80 Azote 0,15 Fer Complément
et possédant des propriétés types qui seront données ci-après. - Or il a maintenant été trouvé que l'on obtient des propriétés encore améliorées en utilisant une composition d'acier inoxydable a haute teneur en azote et contenant du niobium et du manganèse.
- Selon l'invention, on utilise un acier inoxydable ayant une composition comprise dans les limites suivantes
% en poids Carbone jusqu'à 0,08 Chrome 19 - 22 Nickel 8 - 11 Manganèse 2,50 - 4,25 Molybdène 2,00 - 3,00 Silicium jusqu'à 0,75 Phosphore jusqu'à 0,025 Soufre jusqu'à 0,01 Niobium 0,25 - 0,80 Azote 0,35 - 0,50. Fer Complément
La teneur en azote confère à l'acier deux propriétés essentielles : - une phase austénitique stable à basse température, ce qui permet de conserver l'amagnétisme en condition cryogénique.
- des caractéristiques mécaniques élevées dans un large domaine de température y compris dans le domaine cryogénique.
- L'addition de manganèse est nécessaire pour assurer la solubilité d'une telle teneur en azote.
- L'addition de nobium sert à stabiliser le carbone et par suite renforce la tenue à la corrosion. Cette addition améliore la tenue à chaud de la nuance et renforce, indirectement, par affinage du grain la limite élastique à basse température.
- Les aciers selon la présente invention sont obtenus de manière classique par élaboration au four à arc et subissent ensuite un affinage par le procédé AOD (encore appelé "affinage en réacteur AOD") ("argon oxygen decarburization", décarburation à l'argon-oxygène) qui permet d'obtenir sans difficultés la faible teneur en carbone recherchée.
- Afin de diminuer la teneur en inclusions, on peut soumettre l'acier obtenu à une refusion sous laitier, en particulier lorsqu'on désire réaliser avec la composition des parois minces et des joints de type couteau. En effet la faible teneur inclusionnaire garantit une étanchéité supérieure. Ce traitement n'est toutefois pas obligatoire.
- Les pièces préparees à partir d'une composition selon la présente invention subissent un traitement thermique à une température de 1000-1100°C avec refroidissement sous air, huile ou eau selon la dimension des pièces, pour donner un état hypertrempé.
- On peut également pratiquer après l'hypertrempe un écrouissage à la température ambiante par laminage, étirage ou tréfilage.
- Le tableau 1 ci-dessous regroupe un certain nombre de mesures de résistance mécanique effectuées par trois laboratoires sur des barres d'acier selon la présente invention.
- La composition spécifique de l'acier utilisé pour la réalisation des barres d'essai est la suivante :
Barre ⌀ 31,75 hypertrempé ⌀ 12 hypertrempé ⌀ 12 écroui ⌀ 45 hypertrempé Carbone 0,033 0,035 0,027 0,035 Chrome 20,89 20,69 20,10 20,69 Nickel 9,22 9,73 9,09 9,73 Manganèse 4,14 3,92 4,00 3,92 Molybdène 2,10 2,14 2,10 2,14 Silicium 0,36 0,42 0,37 0,42 Phosphore 0,022 0,021 0,021 0,021 Soufre <0,002 <0,002 <0,002 <0,002 Niobium 0,32 0,30 0,30 0,30 Azote 0,42 0,427 0,419 0,427 - On note dans les compositions des traces d'impuretés telles que de l'aluminium, du cuivre et du cobalt.
- Les résultats obtenus montrent clairement qu'il est possible d'obtenir avec les aciers en question, tant à l'état hypertrempé qu'écroui, des caractéristiques mécaniques Rm et Rp 0,2% élevées, tout en conservant une ductilité suffisante. A cet égard, on notera que pour des applications à des températures inférieures ou égales à 20K, il n'est pas conseillé de partir d'un acier préalablement écroui, car les résultats ci-dessus montrent que le gain sur la limite élastique et la charge de rupture est faible alors que la ductilité est sensiblement dégradée.
- Le taux d'écrouissage que l'on applique éventuellement est fonction des caractéristiques mécaniques que l'on souhaite obtenir et la figure unique montre l'évolution des caractéristiques mécaniques Rm et Rp 0,2% en fonction du taux d'écrouissage.
- Le tableau 2 ci-dessous donne des résultats concernant la susceptibilité magnétique d'un acier inoxydable selon la présente invention.
TABLEAU 2 H 0,005 oe 1000 oe Susceptibilité magnétique à 1,8K 5.10⁻³ 5.10⁻³ - La materiau est donc classé comme amagnétique à la température de 1,8K.
- On voit donc que les compositions d'acier inoxydable selon la présente invention donnent des pièces ayant des caractéristiques mécaniques et des propriétés amagnétiques qui les rendent particulièrement appropriées pour la realisation d'installations en ultravide et/ou à très basse température; elles trouvent une application particulière dans les installations d'analyse des particules élémentaires et la réalisation de moteurs cryogéniques.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9206771A FR2691982B1 (fr) | 1992-06-04 | 1992-06-04 | Composition d'acier inoxydable pour pièces utilisées en ultravide et à basse température. |
| FR9206771 | 1992-06-04 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0573335A1 true EP0573335A1 (fr) | 1993-12-08 |
| EP0573335B1 EP0573335B1 (fr) | 1997-02-26 |
Family
ID=9430430
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93401364A Expired - Lifetime EP0573335B1 (fr) | 1992-06-04 | 1993-05-28 | Composition d'acier inoxydable pour pièces utilisées en ultravide et à basse température |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0573335B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE149212T1 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE573335T1 (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK0573335T3 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2048128T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2691982B1 (fr) |
| GR (2) | GR940300003T1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999032682A1 (fr) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-01 | Allegheny Ludlum Corporation | Acier inoxydable austenitique renfermant du colombium |
| US9803267B2 (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2017-10-31 | Upl, L.L.C. | Austenitic stainless steel |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1205289B (de) * | 1964-05-27 | 1965-11-18 | Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag | Verwendung einer austenitischen Stahllegierung als Werkstoff fuer geschweisste Bauteile, die dem Angriff von Seewasser und/oder Meeres-atmosphaere ausgesetzt sind |
| FR2228119A1 (fr) * | 1973-05-04 | 1974-11-29 | Nippon Steel Corp | |
| SU521350A1 (ru) * | 1974-07-16 | 1976-07-15 | Физико-Механический Институт Ордена Ленина Ан Украинской Сср | Коррозионностойка сталь |
| FR2372902A1 (fr) * | 1976-12-02 | 1978-06-30 | Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc | Acier inoxydable austenitique ductile a chaud |
-
1992
- 1992-06-04 FR FR9206771A patent/FR2691982B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-05-28 EP EP93401364A patent/EP0573335B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-28 ES ES93401364T patent/ES2048128T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-28 DE DE93401364T patent/DE573335T1/de active Pending
- 1993-05-28 DK DK93401364.0T patent/DK0573335T3/da active
- 1993-05-28 AT AT93401364T patent/ATE149212T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-28 DE DE69308234T patent/DE69308234T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-02-28 GR GR940300003T patent/GR940300003T1/el unknown
-
1997
- 1997-03-26 GR GR970400588T patent/GR3022903T3/el unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1205289B (de) * | 1964-05-27 | 1965-11-18 | Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag | Verwendung einer austenitischen Stahllegierung als Werkstoff fuer geschweisste Bauteile, die dem Angriff von Seewasser und/oder Meeres-atmosphaere ausgesetzt sind |
| FR2228119A1 (fr) * | 1973-05-04 | 1974-11-29 | Nippon Steel Corp | |
| SU521350A1 (ru) * | 1974-07-16 | 1976-07-15 | Физико-Механический Институт Ордена Ленина Ан Украинской Сср | Коррозионностойка сталь |
| FR2372902A1 (fr) * | 1976-12-02 | 1978-06-30 | Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc | Acier inoxydable austenitique ductile a chaud |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999032682A1 (fr) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-01 | Allegheny Ludlum Corporation | Acier inoxydable austenitique renfermant du colombium |
| US9803267B2 (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2017-10-31 | Upl, L.L.C. | Austenitic stainless steel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2048128T3 (es) | 1997-05-01 |
| EP0573335B1 (fr) | 1997-02-26 |
| ES2048128T1 (es) | 1994-03-16 |
| FR2691982B1 (fr) | 1994-08-26 |
| DK0573335T3 (da) | 1997-03-17 |
| GR940300003T1 (en) | 1994-02-28 |
| GR3022903T3 (en) | 1997-06-30 |
| DE69308234D1 (de) | 1997-04-03 |
| FR2691982A1 (fr) | 1993-12-10 |
| DE69308234T2 (de) | 1997-06-12 |
| DE573335T1 (de) | 1994-04-21 |
| ATE149212T1 (de) | 1997-03-15 |
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