EP0573335A1 - Stainless steel composition for construction parts, used in high vacuum and at low temperature - Google Patents

Stainless steel composition for construction parts, used in high vacuum and at low temperature Download PDF

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EP0573335A1
EP0573335A1 EP93401364A EP93401364A EP0573335A1 EP 0573335 A1 EP0573335 A1 EP 0573335A1 EP 93401364 A EP93401364 A EP 93401364A EP 93401364 A EP93401364 A EP 93401364A EP 0573335 A1 EP0573335 A1 EP 0573335A1
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weight
stainless steel
low temperature
steel composition
high vacuum
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EP0573335B1 (en
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Jean C/O Aubert & Duval Bourrat
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Aubert and Duval SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

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  • the invention relates to a stainless steel composition for parts used in ultrahigh vacuum and at low temperature, in particular having improved mechanical properties, tightness and non-magnetism.
  • stainless steel must be able to withstand, without altering the preceding properties, the degassing treatment at 950 ° C. which certain users must subject it to in a few applications.
  • nobium serves to stabilize the carbon and consequently reinforces the corrosion resistance. This addition improves the heat resistance of the shade and indirectly strengthens the elastic limit at low temperature by refining the grain.
  • the steels according to the present invention are obtained in a conventional manner by elaboration in an arc furnace and then undergoes refining by the AOD process (also called “refining in an AOD reactor") ("argon oxygen decarburization", decarburization with argon-oxygen. ) which allows to obtain without difficulty the desired low carbon content.
  • AOD process also called “refining in an AOD reactor”
  • argon oxygen decarburization decarburization with argon-oxygen.
  • the steel obtained can be subjected to remelting under slag, in particular when it is desired to produce with the composition of the thin walls and of the knife-type joints.
  • the low inclusion content guarantees superior sealing.
  • this treatment is not compulsory.
  • the parts prepared from a composition according to the present invention undergo a heat treatment at a temperature of 1000-1100 ° C with cooling in air, oil or water depending on the size of the parts, to give a hyper-soaked state.
  • Table 1 below groups together a certain number of mechanical strength measurements carried out by three laboratories on steel bars according to the present invention.
  • the specific composition of the steel used to make the test bars is as follows: Closed off ⁇ 31.75 hyper-soaked ⁇ 12 hyper soaked ⁇ 12 work hardened ⁇ 45 hyper soaked Carbon 0.033 0.035 0.027 0.035 Chromium 20.89 20.69 20.10 20.69 Nickel 9.22 9.73 9.09 9.73 Manganese 4.14 3.92 4.00 3.92 Molybdenum 2.10 2.14 2.10 2.14 Silicon 0.36 0.42 0.37 0.42 Phosphorus 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 Sulfur ⁇ 0.002 ⁇ 0.002 ⁇ 0.002 ⁇ 0.002 Niobium 0.32 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 Nitrogen 0.42 0.427 0.419 0.427
  • the rate of work hardening which one applies possibly depends on the mechanical characteristics which one wishes to obtain and the single figure shows the evolution of the mechanical characteristics Rm and Rp 0.2% according to the rate of work hardening.
  • Table 2 gives results concerning the magnetic susceptibility of a stainless steel according to the present invention. TABLE 2 H 0.005 oe 1000 ow Magnetic susceptibility at 1.8K 5.10 ⁇ 3 5.10 ⁇ 3
  • the material is therefore classified as non-magnetic at a temperature of 1.8K.
  • the stainless steel compositions according to the present invention give parts having mechanical characteristics and non-magnetic properties which make them particularly suitable for the realization of installations in ultra-vacuum and / or at very low temperature; they find a particular application in installations analysis of elementary particles and the creation of cryogenic motors.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

Stainless steel composition containing from 19 to 22 % by weight of chromium, from 8 to 11 % by weight of nickel, from 2.50 to 4.25 % by weight of manganese, from 2.00 to 3.00 % by weight of molybdenum, from 0.25 to 0.80 % by weight of niobium, from 0.35 to 0.50 % by weight of nitrogen, up to 0.08 % by weight of carbon, up to 0.75 % of silicon, up to 0.025 % by weight of phosphorus, up to 0.01 % by weight of sulphur, the remainder being iron and possible impurities, which has undergone refining in an AOD reactor and optionally remelting under slag. Such a composition makes it possible to produce articles which, after heat treatment and optional work-hardening, exhibit mechanical characteristics, sealing properties and an amagnetism enabling them to be employed in ultravacuum and at very low temperature.

Description

L'invention concerne une composition d'acier inoxydable pour pièces utilisées en ultravide et à basse température, ayant en particulier des propriétés mécaniques, une étanchéité et un amagnétisme accrus.The invention relates to a stainless steel composition for parts used in ultrahigh vacuum and at low temperature, in particular having improved mechanical properties, tightness and non-magnetism.

La réalisation d'installations d'analyse des particules élémentaires notamment nécessite l'utilisation d'aciers inoxydables devant présenter les propriétés suivantes :

  • étanchéité au travers des pièces du fait de la différence de pression qui existe entre l'enceinte sous vide (à plus de 10⁻¹⁰ torr, 1,33.10⁻⁸ Pa) et la pression atmosphérique règnant à l'extérieur,
  • étanchéité des joints de type couteau lors des assemblages sans soudure en présence de la même différence de pression,
  • propriétés mécaniques tant en résistance à la traction qu'en ténacité jusqu'à des températures très basses allant jusau'à 1,8K
  • amagnétisme jusqu'à 1,8K afin de ne pas perturber le trajet des particules.
The realization of elementary particle analysis installations in particular requires the use of stainless steels which must have the following properties:
  • tightness through the parts due to the pressure difference which exists between the vacuum enclosure (at more than 10⁻¹⁰ torr, 1.33.10⁻⁸ Pa) and the atmospheric pressure prevailing outside,
  • sealing of knife-type joints during seamless assemblies in the presence of the same pressure difference,
  • mechanical properties both in tensile strength and toughness up to very low temperatures up to 1.8K
  • non-magnetism up to 1.8K so as not to disturb the path of the particles.

En outre, il faut que l'acier inoxydable puisse supporter, sans altération des propriétés précédentes, le traitement de dégazage à 950°C que certains utilisateurs doivent lui faire subir dans quelques applications.In addition, stainless steel must be able to withstand, without altering the preceding properties, the degassing treatment at 950 ° C. which certain users must subject it to in a few applications.

Jusqu'à présent la solution la plus courante consistait à utiliser la nuance E-Z 2 CND 17.13 + Az ayant la composition nominale suivante % en poids Carbone ≦ 0,03 Chrome 17,00 Nickel 14,00 Molybdène 2,80 Azote 0,15 Fer Complément
et possédant des propriétés types qui seront données ci-après.Until now the most common solution consisted in using the grade EZ 2 CND 17.13 + Az having the following nominal composition % in weight Carbon ≦ 0.03 Chromium 17.00 Nickel 14.00 Molybdenum 2.80 Nitrogen 0.15 Iron Complement
and having standard properties which will be given below.

Or il a maintenant été trouvé que l'on obtient des propriétés encore améliorées en utilisant une composition d'acier inoxydable a haute teneur en azote et contenant du niobium et du manganèse.However, it has now been found that further improved properties are obtained by using a stainless steel composition with a high nitrogen content and containing niobium and manganese.

Selon l'invention, on utilise un acier inoxydable ayant une composition comprise dans les limites suivantes % en poids Carbone jusqu'à 0,08 Chrome 19 - 22 Nickel 8 - 11 Manganèse 2,50 - 4,25 Molybdène 2,00 - 3,00 Silicium jusqu'à 0,75 Phosphore jusqu'à 0,025 Soufre jusqu'à 0,01 Niobium 0,25 - 0,80 Azote 0,35 - 0,50. Fer Complément
La teneur en azote confère à l'acier deux propriétés essentielles :

  • une phase austénitique stable à basse température, ce qui permet de conserver l'amagnétisme en condition cryogénique.
  • des caractéristiques mécaniques élevées dans un large domaine de température y compris dans le domaine cryogénique.
According to the invention, a stainless steel having a composition comprised within the following limits is used % in weight Carbon up to 0.08 Chromium 19 - 22 Nickel 8 - 11 Manganese 2.50 - 4.25 Molybdenum 2.00 - 3.00 Silicon up to 0.75 Phosphorus up to 0.025 Sulfur up to 0.01 Niobium 0.25 - 0.80 Nitrogen 0.35 - 0.50. Iron Complement
The nitrogen content gives steel two essential properties:
  • a stable austenitic phase at low temperature, which makes it possible to preserve the non-magnetism in cryogenic conditions.
  • high mechanical characteristics over a wide temperature range including in the cryogenic field.

L'addition de manganèse est nécessaire pour assurer la solubilité d'une telle teneur en azote.The addition of manganese is necessary to ensure the solubility of such a nitrogen content.

L'addition de nobium sert à stabiliser le carbone et par suite renforce la tenue à la corrosion. Cette addition améliore la tenue à chaud de la nuance et renforce, indirectement, par affinage du grain la limite élastique à basse température.The addition of nobium serves to stabilize the carbon and consequently reinforces the corrosion resistance. This addition improves the heat resistance of the shade and indirectly strengthens the elastic limit at low temperature by refining the grain.

Les aciers selon la présente invention sont obtenus de manière classique par élaboration au four à arc et subissent ensuite un affinage par le procédé AOD (encore appelé "affinage en réacteur AOD") ("argon oxygen decarburization", décarburation à l'argon-oxygène) qui permet d'obtenir sans difficultés la faible teneur en carbone recherchée.The steels according to the present invention are obtained in a conventional manner by elaboration in an arc furnace and then undergoes refining by the AOD process (also called "refining in an AOD reactor") ("argon oxygen decarburization", decarburization with argon-oxygen. ) which allows to obtain without difficulty the desired low carbon content.

Afin de diminuer la teneur en inclusions, on peut soumettre l'acier obtenu à une refusion sous laitier, en particulier lorsqu'on désire réaliser avec la composition des parois minces et des joints de type couteau. En effet la faible teneur inclusionnaire garantit une étanchéité supérieure. Ce traitement n'est toutefois pas obligatoire.In order to reduce the content of inclusions, the steel obtained can be subjected to remelting under slag, in particular when it is desired to produce with the composition of the thin walls and of the knife-type joints. In fact, the low inclusion content guarantees superior sealing. However, this treatment is not compulsory.

Les pièces préparees à partir d'une composition selon la présente invention subissent un traitement thermique à une température de 1000-1100°C avec refroidissement sous air, huile ou eau selon la dimension des pièces, pour donner un état hypertrempé.The parts prepared from a composition according to the present invention undergo a heat treatment at a temperature of 1000-1100 ° C with cooling in air, oil or water depending on the size of the parts, to give a hyper-soaked state.

On peut également pratiquer après l'hypertrempe un écrouissage à la température ambiante par laminage, étirage ou tréfilage.One can also practice after the hyperhardening a work hardening at room temperature by rolling, drawing or drawing.

Le tableau 1 ci-dessous regroupe un certain nombre de mesures de résistance mécanique effectuées par trois laboratoires sur des barres d'acier selon la présente invention.Table 1 below groups together a certain number of mechanical strength measurements carried out by three laboratories on steel bars according to the present invention.

La composition spécifique de l'acier utilisé pour la réalisation des barres d'essai est la suivante : Barre ⌀ 31,75 hypertrempé ⌀ 12 hypertrempé ⌀ 12 écroui ⌀ 45 hypertrempé Carbone 0,033 0,035 0,027 0,035 Chrome 20,89 20,69 20,10 20,69 Nickel 9,22 9,73 9,09 9,73 Manganèse 4,14 3,92 4,00 3,92 Molybdène 2,10 2,14 2,10 2,14 Silicium 0,36 0,42 0,37 0,42 Phosphore 0,022 0,021 0,021 0,021 Soufre <0,002 <0,002 <0,002 <0,002 Niobium 0,32 0,30 0,30 0,30 Azote 0,42 0,427 0,419 0,427 The specific composition of the steel used to make the test bars is as follows: Closed off ⌀ 31.75 hyper-soaked ⌀ 12 hyper soaked ⌀ 12 work hardened ⌀ 45 hyper soaked Carbon 0.033 0.035 0.027 0.035 Chromium 20.89 20.69 20.10 20.69 Nickel 9.22 9.73 9.09 9.73 Manganese 4.14 3.92 4.00 3.92 Molybdenum 2.10 2.14 2.10 2.14 Silicon 0.36 0.42 0.37 0.42 Phosphorus 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 Sulfur <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 Niobium 0.32 0.30 0.30 0.30 Nitrogen 0.42 0.427 0.419 0.427

On note dans les compositions des traces d'impuretés telles que de l'aluminium, du cuivre et du cobalt.

Figure imgb0001
In the compositions, traces of impurities such as aluminum, copper and cobalt are noted.
Figure imgb0001

Les résultats obtenus montrent clairement qu'il est possible d'obtenir avec les aciers en question, tant à l'état hypertrempé qu'écroui, des caractéristiques mécaniques Rm et Rp 0,2% élevées, tout en conservant une ductilité suffisante. A cet égard, on notera que pour des applications à des températures inférieures ou égales à 20K, il n'est pas conseillé de partir d'un acier préalablement écroui, car les résultats ci-dessus montrent que le gain sur la limite élastique et la charge de rupture est faible alors que la ductilité est sensiblement dégradée.The results obtained clearly show that it is possible to obtain, with the steels in question, both in the hyper quenched and hardened state, mechanical characteristics Rm and Rp 0.2% high, while retaining sufficient ductility. In this regard, it should be noted that for applications at temperatures less than or equal to 20K, it is not advisable to start from a steel previously hardened, because the above results show that the gain on the elastic limit and the breaking load is low while the ductility is significantly degraded.

Le taux d'écrouissage que l'on applique éventuellement est fonction des caractéristiques mécaniques que l'on souhaite obtenir et la figure unique montre l'évolution des caractéristiques mécaniques Rm et Rp 0,2% en fonction du taux d'écrouissage.The rate of work hardening which one applies possibly depends on the mechanical characteristics which one wishes to obtain and the single figure shows the evolution of the mechanical characteristics Rm and Rp 0.2% according to the rate of work hardening.

Le tableau 2 ci-dessous donne des résultats concernant la susceptibilité magnétique d'un acier inoxydable selon la présente invention. TABLEAU 2 H 0,005 oe 1000 oe Susceptibilité magnétique à 1,8K 5.10⁻³ 5.10⁻³ Table 2 below gives results concerning the magnetic susceptibility of a stainless steel according to the present invention. TABLE 2 H 0.005 oe 1000 ow Magnetic susceptibility at 1.8K 5.10⁻³ 5.10⁻³

La materiau est donc classé comme amagnétique à la température de 1,8K.The material is therefore classified as non-magnetic at a temperature of 1.8K.

On voit donc que les compositions d'acier inoxydable selon la présente invention donnent des pièces ayant des caractéristiques mécaniques et des propriétés amagnétiques qui les rendent particulièrement appropriées pour la realisation d'installations en ultravide et/ou à très basse température; elles trouvent une application particulière dans les installations d'analyse des particules élémentaires et la réalisation de moteurs cryogéniques.It can therefore be seen that the stainless steel compositions according to the present invention give parts having mechanical characteristics and non-magnetic properties which make them particularly suitable for the realization of installations in ultra-vacuum and / or at very low temperature; they find a particular application in installations analysis of elementary particles and the creation of cryogenic motors.

Claims (3)

1.- Composition d'acier inoxydable contenant de 19 à 22% en poids de chrome, de 8 à 11% en poids de nickel, de 2,50 à 4,25% en poids de manganèse, de 2,00 à 3,00 % en poids de molybdène, de 0,25 à 0,80% en poids de niobium, de 0,35 a 0,50% en poids d'azote, jusqu'à 0,08% en poids de carbone, jusqu'à 0,75% de silicium, jusqu'à 0,025% en poids de phosphore, jusqu'à 0,01% en poids de soufre, le complément étant du fer et d'éventuelles impuretés, ayant subi un affinage en réacteur AOD et éventuellement une refusion sous laitier. 1.- Composition of stainless steel containing from 19 to 22% by weight of chromium, from 8 to 11% by weight of nickel, from 2.50 to 4.25% by weight of manganese, from 2.00 to 3, 00% by weight of molybdenum, from 0.25 to 0.80% by weight of niobium, from 0.35 to 0.50% by weight of nitrogen, up to 0.08% by weight of carbon, up to at 0.75% silicon, up to 0.025% by weight of phosphorus, up to 0.01% by weight of sulfur, the remainder being iron and possible impurities, having undergone refining in an AOD reactor and possibly a slag remelting. 2.- Pièces destinées à la réalisation de dispositifs fonctionnant en ultravide et à basse température, obtenues à partir de la composition d'acier inoxydable selon la revendication 1, avec un traitement thermique à 1000-1100°C. 2.- Parts intended for the production of devices operating in ultrahigh vacuum and at low temperature, obtained from the stainless steel composition according to claim 1, with a heat treatment at 1000-1100 ° C. 3.- Pièces selon la revendication 2, ayant subi un écrouissage à la température ambiante. 3.- Parts according to claim 2, having undergone work hardening at room temperature.
EP93401364A 1992-06-04 1993-05-28 Stainless steel composition for construction parts, used in high vacuum and at low temperature Expired - Lifetime EP0573335B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR9206771A FR2691982B1 (en) 1992-06-04 1992-06-04 Stainless steel composition for parts used in ultrahigh vacuum and low temperature.
FR9206771 1992-06-04

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EP0573335A1 true EP0573335A1 (en) 1993-12-08
EP0573335B1 EP0573335B1 (en) 1997-02-26

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AT (1) ATE149212T1 (en)
DE (2) DE69308234T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0573335T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2048128T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2691982B1 (en)
GR (2) GR940300003T1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999032682A1 (en) * 1997-12-23 1999-07-01 Allegheny Ludlum Corporation Austenitic stainless steel including columbium
US9803267B2 (en) 2011-05-26 2017-10-31 Upl, L.L.C. Austenitic stainless steel

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1205289B (en) * 1964-05-27 1965-11-18 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Use of an austenitic steel alloy as a material for welded components that are exposed to attack by sea water and / or the sea atmosphere
FR2228119A1 (en) * 1973-05-04 1974-11-29 Nippon Steel Corp
SU521350A1 (en) * 1974-07-16 1976-07-15 Физико-Механический Институт Ордена Ленина Ан Украинской Сср Corrosion Resistant Steel
FR2372902A1 (en) * 1976-12-02 1978-06-30 Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc HOT DUCTILE AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1205289B (en) * 1964-05-27 1965-11-18 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Use of an austenitic steel alloy as a material for welded components that are exposed to attack by sea water and / or the sea atmosphere
FR2228119A1 (en) * 1973-05-04 1974-11-29 Nippon Steel Corp
SU521350A1 (en) * 1974-07-16 1976-07-15 Физико-Механический Институт Ордена Ленина Ан Украинской Сср Corrosion Resistant Steel
FR2372902A1 (en) * 1976-12-02 1978-06-30 Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc HOT DUCTILE AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999032682A1 (en) * 1997-12-23 1999-07-01 Allegheny Ludlum Corporation Austenitic stainless steel including columbium
US9803267B2 (en) 2011-05-26 2017-10-31 Upl, L.L.C. Austenitic stainless steel

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GR940300003T1 (en) 1994-02-28
DE69308234D1 (en) 1997-04-03
FR2691982B1 (en) 1994-08-26
DE573335T1 (en) 1994-04-21
GR3022903T3 (en) 1997-06-30
ATE149212T1 (en) 1997-03-15
DK0573335T3 (en) 1997-03-17
EP0573335B1 (en) 1997-02-26
DE69308234T2 (en) 1997-06-12
FR2691982A1 (en) 1993-12-10
ES2048128T1 (en) 1994-03-16
ES2048128T3 (en) 1997-05-01

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