EP0572920B1 - Use of a copper-based alloy as material for coins - Google Patents

Use of a copper-based alloy as material for coins Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0572920B1
EP0572920B1 EP93108569A EP93108569A EP0572920B1 EP 0572920 B1 EP0572920 B1 EP 0572920B1 EP 93108569 A EP93108569 A EP 93108569A EP 93108569 A EP93108569 A EP 93108569A EP 0572920 B1 EP0572920 B1 EP 0572920B1
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Prior art keywords
nickel
coins
copper
arsenic
alloy
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP93108569A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0572920A1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Dipl.-Ing. Sinner
Franz Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Phys. Strier
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DEUTSCHE NICKEL AG
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DEUTSCHE NICKEL AG
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C21/00—Coins; Emergency money; Beer or gambling coins or tokens, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of a nickel-free copper-based alloy as a gold-colored material for coins.
  • the individual denominations differ by well-coordinated differences in dimension, weight, material and color.
  • the highest nominal value occupies the space with the largest diameter. If such a system is expanded upwards, the new coin cannot be made even larger for reasons of manageability.
  • the diameter can be reduced or the thickness increased and / or a gold-yellow material can be chosen instead of the usual silver color and based on the appreciation of gold.
  • gold unlike gold, all yellow base metals tarnish more or less when used. There is therefore a need for a yellow base material with high tarnish resistance, which is suitable as a coin material. Such material is already known.
  • Coins with a high face value offer a special incentive for counterfeiters for the still increasing purchase of goods and services via machines.
  • a high-quality coin should therefore have a characteristic that is typical for this coin and can be queried with suitable coin validators. This often requires considerable effort.
  • the copper-zinc alloy CuZn20A12 standardized in DIN 17660 has a nice yellow color and this alloy is used because of its good corrosion properties for condensers and heat exchangers as well as for sea water pipes. Alloy CZ 110 of British Standard 1541 corresponds to this special brass. According to the two standards, this copper-zinc alloy has the following composition: TABLE 1 composition Standard abbreviation / Cu Zn Al As Fe Mg Mn Ni P Pb DIN 17660 min. 76.0 rest 1.8 0.020 - - - - - - CuZn 20 Al 2 Max. 79.0 2.3 0.035 0.07 0.005 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.07 BS 1541 min.
  • CuZn20A12 contains a deliberate addition of approx. 0.03% by weight arsenic to avoid the dezincification that is possible with the usual use.
  • Dezincing is a type of corrosion in which the copper, initially dissolved together with the zinc, is deposited again on the brass as a mostly spongy mass, while the zinc remains largely in solution. Therefore, to inhibit dezincification of the alloy CuZn20Al2, arsenic is added.
  • Arsenic is often equated with poison in public. Even if the arsenic was not removed from the metal, an arsenic-containing coin would not be tolerable among the population. In normal use, however, coins are not as corrosively stressed as condensers, heat exchangers or sea water pipes, so that dezincification would not occur. You can therefore do without an arsenic supplement.
  • the invention relates to the use of a copper-based alloy with 18.7 to 22.2% by weight of zinc, 1.8 to 2.3% by weight of aluminum and copper as the remainder, including unavoidable, production-related impurities as a material for coins.
  • the alloy CuZn20Al2 both with and without arsenic, has advantages over the yellow materials previously used for coins. By the If the arsenic added to avoid dezincification was omitted, no deterioration in the tarnish resistance was found.
  • Nickel-free coin systems are already known in some countries or are to be introduced there to protect the population from a nickel allergy.
  • a limit of less than 0.5 ⁇ g per cm 2 and week in a synthetic human sweat is assumed as the limit for the safety of a nickel-containing material.
  • This sweat has the following composition: TABLE 3 Synthetic sweat % By weight Sodium chloride 0.5 Lactic acid 0.1 urea 0.1 water ad 100 Adjust pH to 6.5 with ammonia water
  • the arsenic-free CuZn20Al2 alloy is ideally suited as a coin metal.
  • the copper-zinc alloy used with approx. 20% zinc and 2% aluminum has a golden yellow color, is good tarnish-resistant and is considered to be nickel-free.
  • the material can also be plated well with nickel for the production of machine-safe coins, and if the nickel layer is on the inside, such a version is still considered to be nickel-free.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Verwendung einer nickelfreien Kupferbasislegierung als goldfarbener Werkstoff für Münzen.The invention relates to the use of a nickel-free copper-based alloy as a gold-colored material for coins.

In etablierten Münzsystemen unterscheiden sich die einzelnen Nennwerte durch gut abgestimmte Unterschiede in Dimension, Gewicht, Werkstoff und Farbe. Im allgemeinen belegt der höchste Nominalwert den Platz mit dem größten Durchmesser. Wird ein solches System nach oben erweitert, dann kann man aus Gründen der Handhabbarkeit die neue Münze nicht noch größer machen. In einem solchen Fall kann man den Durchmesser verkleinern oder die Dicke vergrößern und/oder statt des üblichen silbernen Farbtons und in Anlehnung an die Wertschätzumg des Goldes einen goldgelben Werkstoff wählen. Alle gelben unedlen Metalle laufen aber, im Gegensatz zu Gold, im Gebrauch mehr oder weniger stark an. Es besteht deshalb ein Bedürfnis nach einem gelben unedlen Werkstoff mit hoher Anlaufbeständigkeit, der als Münzwerkstoff geeignet ist. Solche Werkstoff sind bereits bekannt.In established coin systems, the individual denominations differ by well-coordinated differences in dimension, weight, material and color. In general, the highest nominal value occupies the space with the largest diameter. If such a system is expanded upwards, the new coin cannot be made even larger for reasons of manageability. In such a case, the diameter can be reduced or the thickness increased and / or a gold-yellow material can be chosen instead of the usual silver color and based on the appreciation of gold. However, unlike gold, all yellow base metals tarnish more or less when used. There is therefore a need for a yellow base material with high tarnish resistance, which is suitable as a coin material. Such material is already known.

Für den noch zunehmenden Erwerb von Waren und Dienstleistungen über Automaten bieten Münzen mit hohem Nennwert einen besonderen Anreiz für Fälscher. Eine hochwertige Münze sollte daher ein für diese Münze typisches Merkmal besitzen, das mit geeigneten Münzprüfern abgefragt werden kann. Hierzu ist ein oftmals erheblicher Aufwand erforderlich.Coins with a high face value offer a special incentive for counterfeiters for the still increasing purchase of goods and services via machines. A high-quality coin should therefore have a characteristic that is typical for this coin and can be queried with suitable coin validators. This often requires considerable effort.

In den letzten Jahren wird vermehrt über das Auftreten von Nickelallergien durch den Umgang mit nickelhaltigen Werkstoffen berichtet. Zwar ist bisher selbst bei berufsbedingtem ständigem Umgang mit nickelhaltigen Münzen nur in Ausnahmefällen eine Nickelallergie festgestellt worden.In recent years, there has been an increasing number of reports of the occurrence of nickel allergies from handling nickel-containing materials. So far, even with occupational handling of nickel-containing coins, a nickel allergy has only been found in exceptional cases.

Nach dem derzeitigen Erkenntnisstand soll ein Werkstoff zur Herstellung von höherwertigen Münzen neben der üblichen Forderung nach guter Prägbarkeit folgende Eigenschaften haben:

  • 1. eine gelbe Farbe
  • 2. eine gute Anlaufbeständigkeit
  • 3. er soll sich zur Herstellung von automatensicheren Münzen eignen und
  • 4. er soll nickelfrei sein.
According to the current state of knowledge, a material for the production of higher quality coins should have the following properties in addition to the usual requirement for good mintability:
  • 1. a yellow color
  • 2. good tarnish resistance
  • 3. It should be suitable for the production of automatic coins and
  • 4. It should be nickel free.

Die in DIN 17660 genormte Kupfer-Zink-Legierung CuZn20A12 hat eine schöne gelbe Farbe und diese Legierung wird wegen ihrer guten Korrosionseigenschaft für Kondensatoren und Wärmeaustauscher sowie für Seewasserleitungen eingesetzt. Die Legierung CZ 110 des British Standard 1541 entspricht diesem Sondermessing. Nach den beiden Normen hat diese Kupfer-Zink-Legierung folgende Zusammensetzung: TABELLE 1 Zusammensetzung Standard Kurzzeichen/ Cu Zn Al As Fe Mg Mn Ni P Pb DIN 17660 min. 76,0 Rest 1,8 0,020 - - - - - - CuZn 20 Al 2 max. 79,0 2,3 0,035 0,07 0,005 0,1 0,1 0,01 0,07 BS 1541 min. 76,0 Rest 1,30 0,02 - - - - - - CZ 110 max. 78,0 2,30 0,06 0,06 0,075 Charge ohne As 77,7 Rest 1,95 <0,001 0,016 <0,005 <0,01 <0,01 <0,002 <0,01 mit As 77,7 Rest 1,95 0,03 0,016 <0,005 <0,01 <0,01 <0,002 <0,01 The copper-zinc alloy CuZn20A12 standardized in DIN 17660 has a nice yellow color and this alloy is used because of its good corrosion properties for condensers and heat exchangers as well as for sea water pipes. Alloy CZ 110 of British Standard 1541 corresponds to this special brass. According to the two standards, this copper-zinc alloy has the following composition: TABLE 1 composition Standard abbreviation / Cu Zn Al As Fe Mg Mn Ni P Pb DIN 17660 min. 76.0 rest 1.8 0.020 - - - - - - CuZn 20 Al 2 Max. 79.0 2.3 0.035 0.07 0.005 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.07 BS 1541 min. 76.0 rest 1.30 0.02 - - - - - - CZ 110 Max. 78.0 2.30 0.06 0.06 0.075 Batch without ace 77.7 rest 1.95 <0.001 0.016 <0.005 <0.01 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 with ace 77.7 rest 1.95 0.03 0.016 <0.005 <0.01 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01

CuZn20A12 enthält einen gewollten Zusatz von ca. 0,03 Gew.-% Arsen zur Vermeidung der beim üblichen Verwendungszweck möglichen Entzinkung.CuZn20A12 contains a deliberate addition of approx. 0.03% by weight arsenic to avoid the dezincification that is possible with the usual use.

Unter Entzinkung versteht man eine Korrosionsart, bei der das zunächst gemeinsam mit dem Zink in Lösung gegangene Kupfer sich wieder auf dem Messing als meist schwammige Masse abscheidet, während das Zink weitgehend in Lösung bleibt. Deshalb wird zum Hemmen der Entzinkung der Legierung CuZn20Al2 Arsen zulegiert.Dezincing is a type of corrosion in which the copper, initially dissolved together with the zinc, is deposited again on the brass as a mostly spongy mass, while the zinc remains largely in solution. Therefore, to inhibit dezincification of the alloy CuZn20Al2, arsenic is added.

Arsen wird in der Öffentlichkeit häufig mit Gift gleichgesetzt. Selbst dann, wenn das Arsen nicht aus dem Metall herausgelöst wird, wäre eine arsenhaltige Münze bei der Bevölkerung nicht tolerierbar. Münzen werden allerdings im normalen Gebrauch nicht so korrosiv beansprucht, wie etwa Kondensatoren, Wärmeaustauscher oder Seewasserleitungen, so daß es gar nicht zu einer Entzinkung kommen würde. Deshalb kann man auf einen Arsenzusatz verzichten.Arsenic is often equated with poison in public. Even if the arsenic was not removed from the metal, an arsenic-containing coin would not be tolerable among the population. In normal use, however, coins are not as corrosively stressed as condensers, heat exchangers or sea water pipes, so that dezincification would not occur. You can therefore do without an arsenic supplement.

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer Kupferbasislegierung mit 18,7 bis 22,2 Gew.-% Zink, 1,8 bis 2,3 Gew.-% Aluminium und Kupfer als Rest, einschließlich unvermeidbarer, herstellungsbedingter Verunreinigungen als Werkstoff für Münzen.The invention relates to the use of a copper-based alloy with 18.7 to 22.2% by weight of zinc, 1.8 to 2.3% by weight of aluminum and copper as the remainder, including unavoidable, production-related impurities as a material for coins.

Eine Legierung der genannten Zusammensetzung ohne Arsenzusatz wurde in Form von Münzplättchen mit der bekannten arsenhaltigen Legierung verglichen. Da eine standardisierte Prüfmethode nicht vorliegt, wurde eine Methode angewendet, bei der Probestücke des Werkstoffs für eine bestimmte Zeit einer definierten Atmosphäre ausgesetzt werden, und die durch Anlaufen beobachteten Farbänderungen subjektiv beurteilt werden. Dabei wurden folgende Ergebnisse erzielt: TABELLE 2 Versuch Dauer: 20 Tage Legierung I II III IV V CuAl6Ni2 3 4 2 2 3 CuAl8,5 2 4 2 4 3 CuZn25 2 4 2 5 3 CuZn2OAl2As 2 2 2 2 2 CuZn2OAl2 2 2 2 2 2 Versuch I    RT, Laboratmosphäre, 1 x pro Tag angefaßt und gewendet Versuch II    RT, Laboratmosphäre Versuch III    RT, über 10%iger NaCl-Lösung Versuch IV    RT, 90 % rel. Luftfeuchtigkeit Versuch V    45-50 °C, Laboratmosphäre An alloy of the stated composition without arsenic addition was compared in the form of coin plates with the known arsenic-containing alloy. Since a standardized test method is not available, a method was used in which test pieces of the material are exposed to a defined atmosphere for a certain time and the color changes observed by tarnishing are subjectively assessed. The following results were achieved: TABLE 2 attempt Duration: 20 days alloy I. II III IV V CuAl6Ni2 3rd 4th 2nd 2nd 3rd CuAl8.5 2nd 4th 2nd 4th 3rd CuZn25 2nd 4th 2nd 5 3rd CuZn2OAl2As 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd CuZn2OAl2 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd Experiment I RT, laboratory atmosphere, touched and turned once a day Experiment II RT, laboratory atmosphere Experiment III RT, over 10% NaCl solution Experiment IV RT, 90% rel. humidity Experiment V 45-50 ° C, laboratory atmosphere

Es zeigt sich, daß die Legierung CuZn20Al2 sowohl mit als auch ohne Arsen gegenüber den schon bisher für Münzen genutzten gelben Werkstoffen Vorteile aufweist. Durch das Weglassen des zur Vermeidung der Entzinkung zulegierten Arsens wurde keine Verschlechterung der Anlaufbeständigkeit festgestellt.It can be seen that the alloy CuZn20Al2, both with and without arsenic, has advantages over the yellow materials previously used for coins. By the If the arsenic added to avoid dezincification was omitted, no deterioration in the tarnish resistance was found.

Für Automatenmünzen haben sich insbesondere in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland seit mehr als 20 Jahren dünne Nickeleinlagen in einer Kupfernickelaußenschicht bewährt, nämlich bei den Zwei- und Fünfmarkstücken. Wenn das Nickel nicht an der Außenschicht vorliegt, besteht keine Gefahr einer Nickelallergie. Es wurde deshalb ein Werkstoff durch Walzplatieren hergestellt, der einen Kern aus Nickel in einer Dicke von 7 % der Gesamtdicke enthält und dessen äußere Lage aus der vorgenannten arsenfreien Legierung CuZn20A12 besteht.In the Federal Republic of Germany in particular, thin nickel deposits in a copper-nickel outer layer have proven their worth, particularly in the two and five-mark coins, in the Federal Republic of Germany. If the nickel is not on the outer layer, there is no risk of nickel allergy. A material was therefore produced by roll plating, which contains a core made of nickel with a thickness of 7% of the total thickness and whose outer layer consists of the aforementioned arsenic-free alloy CuZn20A12.

Nickelfreie Münzsysteme sind schon in einigen Ländern bekannt oder sollen dort eingeführt werden, um die Bevölkerung vor einer Nickelallergie zu schützen. Als Grenzwert für die Unbedenklichkeit eines nickelhaltigen Werkstoffs wird eine Abgabe von weniger als 0,5 µg pro cm2 und Woche in einem synthetischen menschlichen Schweiß angenommen. Dieser Schweiß hat folgende Zusammensetzung: TABELLE 3 Synthetischer Schweiß Gew.-% Natriumchlorid 0,5 Milchsäure 0,1 Harnstoff 0,1 Wasser ad 100 pH-Wert auf 6,5 mit Ammoniakwasser einstellen Nickel-free coin systems are already known in some countries or are to be introduced there to protect the population from a nickel allergy. A limit of less than 0.5 µg per cm 2 and week in a synthetic human sweat is assumed as the limit for the safety of a nickel-containing material. This sweat has the following composition: TABLE 3 Synthetic sweat % By weight Sodium chloride 0.5 Lactic acid 0.1 urea 0.1 water ad 100 Adjust pH to 6.5 with ammonia water

Es wurden Proben der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten arsenfreien CuZn20Al2-Legierung und auch der arsenhaltigen Legierung, die nur geringfügige Mengen an Nickel als erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen enthalten, geprüft (sh. Tabelle 1, Chargen ohne und mit As). Auch die Probe mit einer einplattierten Nickelschicht lag eindeutig unter 0,5 µg Ni pro cm2 und Woche. Eine zur Prüfung des Ergebnisses durchgeführte Rechnung ergab unter Zugrundelegung der am Rand der Münze freiliegenden Fläche des plattierten Nickels und einer an reinem Nickel gefundenen Abgabe von 45 µg Nickel pro cm2 und Woche eine theoretische Abgabe von 0,05 µg Nickel pro cm2.Samples of the arsenic-free CuZn20Al2 alloy used according to the invention and also the arsenic-containing alloy, which contain only minor amounts of nickel as impurities due to melting, were tested (see Table 1, batches with and without As). The sample with a plated nickel layer was clearly below 0.5 µg Ni per cm 2 and week. A calculation carried out to check the result, based on the area of the plated nickel exposed at the edge of the coin and a deposit of 45 µg nickel per cm 2 and week found in pure nickel, resulted in a theoretical delivery of 0.05 µg nickel per cm 2 .

Selbst eine Münze aus dem erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Material mit einem einplattierten Nickelkern würde daher noch als unbedenklich anzusehen sein.Even a coin made of the material used according to the invention with a nickel core plated in it would therefore still be regarded as harmless.

Zuammenfassend wird festgestellt, daß die arsenfreie CuZn20Al2-Legierung sich hervorragend als Münzmetall eignet. Die verwendete Kupfer-Zink-Legierung mit im ca. 20 % Zink und 2 % Aluminium hat eine goldgelbe Farbe, ist gut anlaufbeständig und gilt als nickelfrei. Der Werkstoff läßt sich auch zur Herstellung automatensicherer Münzen gut mit Nickel plattieren, wobei dann, wenn die Nickelschicht innen liegt, auch eine solche Ausführung noch als nickelfrei gilt.In summary, it is found that the arsenic-free CuZn20Al2 alloy is ideally suited as a coin metal. The copper-zinc alloy used with approx. 20% zinc and 2% aluminum has a golden yellow color, is good tarnish-resistant and is considered to be nickel-free. The material can also be plated well with nickel for the production of machine-safe coins, and if the nickel layer is on the inside, such a version is still considered to be nickel-free.

Claims (2)

  1. Use of a copper-based alloy having 18.7 to 22.2 wt.% zinc, 1.8 to 2.3 wt.% aluminium and copper as the remainder, including unavoidable manufacturing-induced impurities, as material for coins.
  2. Use according to claim 1, characterised in that the impurities constitute a maximum 0.001 arsenic, 0.016 iron, less than 0.005 magnesium, less than 0.01 manganese, less than 0.01 nickel, less than 0.002 phosphorus and less than 0.01 lead, in each case in wt.%.
EP93108569A 1992-05-29 1993-05-27 Use of a copper-based alloy as material for coins Expired - Lifetime EP0572920B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4217778A DE4217778A1 (en) 1992-05-29 1992-05-29 Use of a copper-based alloy as a coin material
DE4217778 1992-05-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0572920A1 EP0572920A1 (en) 1993-12-08
EP0572920B1 true EP0572920B1 (en) 1997-08-20

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EP93108569A Expired - Lifetime EP0572920B1 (en) 1992-05-29 1993-05-27 Use of a copper-based alloy as material for coins

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4432093C2 (en) * 1994-09-09 1997-04-30 Krupp Vdm Gmbh Blank for coins or medals
CN102899526B (en) * 2011-07-26 2015-01-28 中国印钞造币总公司 Coinage-used golden yellow copper alloy material and preparation method thereof

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE652696C (en) * 1932-10-16 1937-11-05 Osnabruecker Kupfer Und Drahtw Corrosion-resistant brass alloy
GB600318A (en) * 1942-07-15 1948-04-06 Bridgeport Brass Co Improvements relating to the manufacture of copper base alloy products containing some aluminium
GB732072A (en) * 1952-10-17 1955-06-15 Munro & Miller Ltd Improvements in heating means for tank ship cargo tanks

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DK99834C (en) * 1962-09-19 1964-09-21 Aktieselkabet Nordiske Kabel T Seawater resistant brass or aluminum brass alloy suitable for plastic deformation.
DE2909542C3 (en) * 1979-03-10 1981-11-19 Vereinigte Zinkwerke Gmbh, 5190 Stolberg Use of a low-alloy zinc wrought alloy
DE3031336A1 (en) * 1980-08-20 1982-04-01 Kurt Dr.-Ing. 6380 Bad Homburg Dies Martensitic copper alloys, esp. brasses or bronzes - where quenched metastable martensitic phase is cold worked and then heated so structural change produces alteration in dimensions
NL8103612A (en) * 1981-07-30 1983-02-16 Leuven Res & Dev Vzw BETA ALLOYS WITH IMPROVED PROPERTIES.
GB8305610D0 (en) * 1983-03-01 1983-03-30 Imi Kynoch Ltd Alloy
DE3522656A1 (en) * 1985-06-25 1987-01-08 Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag Production of coin blanks
CA2013639C (en) * 1990-04-02 1998-06-23 Mitsuhiro Yasuda Electroplated blank for coins, medallions and tokens

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE652696C (en) * 1932-10-16 1937-11-05 Osnabruecker Kupfer Und Drahtw Corrosion-resistant brass alloy
GB600318A (en) * 1942-07-15 1948-04-06 Bridgeport Brass Co Improvements relating to the manufacture of copper base alloy products containing some aluminium
GB732072A (en) * 1952-10-17 1955-06-15 Munro & Miller Ltd Improvements in heating means for tank ship cargo tanks

Non-Patent Citations (4)

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Title
DE-C- 652 696 *
GB-A- 600 318 *
GB-A- 732 072 *
WO-A-84/03522 *

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ES2110539T3 (en) 1998-02-16
DE4217778A1 (en) 1993-12-02
DE59307149D1 (en) 1997-09-25
EP0572920A1 (en) 1993-12-08

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