EP0571478B1 - Verfahren und verteilvorrichtung zum einführen von luft in ein zimmer - Google Patents

Verfahren und verteilvorrichtung zum einführen von luft in ein zimmer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0571478B1
EP0571478B1 EP92905042A EP92905042A EP0571478B1 EP 0571478 B1 EP0571478 B1 EP 0571478B1 EP 92905042 A EP92905042 A EP 92905042A EP 92905042 A EP92905042 A EP 92905042A EP 0571478 B1 EP0571478 B1 EP 0571478B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
flow
room
distribution device
supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92905042A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0571478A1 (de
Inventor
Seppo Juhani Leskinen
Tapani Eino Antero Ahokas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UK Secretary of State for Defence
ABB Technology FLB AB
Original Assignee
UK Secretary of State for Defence
ABB Flaekt AB
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Secretary of State for Defence, ABB Flaekt AB filed Critical UK Secretary of State for Defence
Publication of EP0571478A1 publication Critical patent/EP0571478A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0571478B1 publication Critical patent/EP0571478B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/06—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser
    • F24F13/068—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser formed as perforated walls, ceilings or floors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/06—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser
    • F24F2013/0608—Perforated ducts

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method introducing air into a room, according to claim 1.
  • So-called mixing air distribution devices usually introduce the air into the upper portion of the room at a single point at a rather high rate through various slits, nozzles or openings. Air flowing through them catches with it great quantities of ambient room air and mixes with it. The entire air mass contained in the room is thus brought into motion and is mixed so that it becomes nearly homogeneous both in temperature and in impurity content.
  • Draught and noise problems are usually avoided if the temperature of the supply air and the room air is the same. If the temperature difference increases to 2-3 degrees, thermal forces begin to control the flow. When the supply air is colder than the room air, the flow "drops", the flow rate increases due to the thermal forces, and draught occurs on the floor level. If the supply air is warmer than the room air, it rises upward where the exhaust is also usually positioned. This results in a so-called short-circuit flow and poor air change within the occupied zone. Accordingly, the room temperature cannot be adjusted significantly. As there is no air jet which would catch room air with it, the moving air mass is small and the flow is thus liable to disturbances. Convection flows, machines bringing the air into motion, people moving in the room, various flow obstacles etc. may affect the flows of air in the room. This may result in poor local air change. The air flow can be adjusted within wide limits without causing problems.
  • the air flow can be adjusted within wide limits. Active displacement is thus very suitable for use in cooling, but only limitedly in heating. This way of air distribution is described in Finnish Patent Specifications 79608, 73513, 72800 and 71417.
  • Finnish Patent Specifications 75421, 73514 and 70320 disclose air distribution devices in which supply air flowing through separate flow ducts is subjected to different flow conditions. These air distribution devices comprise two separate flow ducts at the air inlet end, through which ducts the supply air flows into the room space. Both ducts are, however, arranged to be used simultaneously, that is, part of the supply air flows through one duct and part through the other duct. The purpose of such an arrangement is that the air flows passing through the two ducts supplement each other to achieve desired flow conditions. The device thus comprises only one air distribution system.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method which avoids the above-mentioned disadvantages and enables a faultless operation of an active displacement in particular even in cases where the supply air is considerably warmer than the room air.
  • the room temperature can thus be fully controlled and adjusted.
  • This object is achieved by means of a method according to the invention, which is characterized in that the supply air is introduced selectively through one or more separate independent flow paths, thereby adjusting the air flow such that the direction of the air flow out of the openings of each flow path is substantially opposite to that of the flow out of the openings of at least one other flow path.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the supply air is passed from the distribution device into the room through two alternative flow paths so that, depending on the flow path through which the air is blown into the room, different flow conditions are created for the supply air by means of different air supply nozzles.
  • heating is required, one flow path is used for the supply air, and when cooling is required only the other flow path is used. In cases where neither heating nor cooling is needed, the supply air can be introduced partly through both flow paths.
  • the invention is especially suitable for an active displacement but it can also be applied to other air distribution methods to improve their properties.
  • the invention is also concerned with an air distribution device according to claim 5 for applying the above-described method.
  • the basic idea of the distribution device is that the air supply openings, such as nozzles, are divided into at least two separate groups into which the supply air can be passed selectively through the separate flow ducts.
  • the number and direction of the nozzles, the air flow rate in the nozzles and even the size and shape of the nozzles may be different in each group.
  • One and the same air distribution device thus provides two or more different air distribution systems independent of each other, e.g. one for winter conditions and one for summer conditions, and the properties of the systems can be adjusted almost continuously from one system to another.
  • the air distribution device shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings comprises an elongated supply pipe 1 connected at one end to a feed system for supply air A and extending into a room 2 to be air-conditioned.
  • the pipe is installed horizontally above the occupied zone of the room.
  • the supply pipe is divided with a central partition plate 3 into two longitudinal halves which form two flow ducts 4 and 5 separate from each other.
  • the flow ducts 4 and 5 end in a solid end plate 6 of the supply pipe.
  • a change-over damper 7 formed of a flap plate and mounted pivotably to the partition plate.
  • the change-over damper is pivotable between two extreme positions, in which it closes fully either one of the flow ducts.
  • the change-over damper can also be positioned in intermediate positions in which both flow ducts are partially open. Essential is that the adjustment of air flow in the upper flow duct and the lower flow duct of the supply pipe takes place in opposite directions, that is, when the flow in one duct is restricted, the other duct opens.
  • the change-over damper may be manually operable or connected to a suitable adjusting device.
  • a great number of nozzles 8 are mounted in the mantle surface of the upper flow duct 4 of the supply pipe.
  • the nozzles 8 introduce supply air radially into the room.
  • a great number of radial nozzles 9 are mounted in the mantle surface of the lower flow duct.
  • the nozzles of the upper duct have smaller flow openings than the nozzles of the lower duct.
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the operation of the distribution device when cooling is aimed at, that is, when the supply air A is colder than the room air.
  • the change-over damper 7 is thereby turned so as to close the lower flow duct 5, so that air is supplied into the room only through the nozzles 8 of the upper flow channel 4.
  • Figure 3A shows schematically a flow pattern created in the room when the room is to be cooled.
  • Air jets B from the upper nozzles 8 of the supply pipe are directed upward and sideward and bring with them so-called induction air from below and are mixed with it. Since the air in the jets is colder than the ambient air and thus heavier, the jets tend to bend downward. The jets create a small vacuum below the supply pipe, and this vacuum tends to bend the downwardly bent flow, which no longer has any temperature and density differences, to the side and again upward.
  • Forces acting in different directions create a double turbulent flow shown in Figure 3A, in which the main direction of flow is upward in the middle and downward at the edges. Even though the flow rates are extremely low, they can be proved experimentally. As is typical of forced turbulent flows in general, the turbulence is extremely stable as compared with the magnitude of the impulse that created it, and it resumes its original shape very rapidly after a disturbance.
  • the distribution device operates in the way described above even when the supply air is slightly warmer than the room air. At a state of equilibrium, the vacuum below the supply pipe is equal to the thermal lifting action caused by the density difference. If the temperature difference increases, the flow bends upwards, and the supply air no longer enters the occupied zone. The situation is complicated as the stability of the turbulence decreases with decreasing temperature difference. Thereby even a minor disturbance, flow obstacle, or the like, may totally change the nature of the flows.
  • the impulse can be affected only by varying the number of the nozzles 9 of the lower duct, as a result of which the flow rate in the nozzles also changes.
  • the impulse and flow rate in the nozzles 9 generally have to be clearly greater than in the nozzles 8 of the upper flow duct, that is, the number of the lower nozzles 9 has to be smaller than that of the upper nozzles 8.
  • a reduction in the number of the nozzles 9 also affects favourably the direction of the nozzles.
  • the sector within which the nozzles are positioned decreases with decreasing number of nozzles, and the jets are directed in a more downward direction and in a more centralized manner.
  • the flow rate in the nozzles 9 of the lower flow duct cannot, however, be increased without restrictions: the pressure loss or noise level easily increases too much.
  • This problem can be solved in the system according to the invention by selecting the nozzles 9 so that they are of a different type than the nozzles 8 so that the impulse of the nozzles 9 and especially the so-called throw is greater than that of the nozzles 8.
  • the nozzles 8 and 9 are identical.
  • a flow of desired type can be achieved by inserting a few large nozzles amongst the nozzles 9 of the lower duct. These large nozzles provide carrier jets which carry the air into the occupied zone. This kind of arrangement is also advantageous in that the mixing ratio of supply and room air remains at a high value.
  • the flow from the nozzles 9 may be too forceful and cause draught in the occupied zone when the temperature difference is small.
  • the distribution device operates faultlessly even when a small proportion of the supply air is allowed to enter through the nozzles 8 of the upper duct by using the change-over damper 7.
  • the embodiment of the distribution device shown in Figure 4 deviates from the one described above only in that the closing means for the separate flow ducts 4 and 5 of the supply pipe 1 is a so-called butterfly damper 10.
  • This damper comprises two semicircular plates fixed perpendicularly with each other and mounted pivotably to the partition plate perpendicularly to it.
  • the damper 10 operates similarly as the change-over damper 7 described above.
  • the supply pipe of the distribution device may be rectangular, elliptical, etc. in cross-section, and the ratio between its length and diameter may vary.
  • the partition plate may be angular, curved, etc. It need not be parallel to the central line of the pipe, or to the sides of a rectangular pipe, in the longitudinal direction.
  • the pipe is shown to be straight, but it may also be conical and it may comprise reducing fittings, etc.
  • the change-over damper may be e.g. a guide blade adjuster. In place of nozzles, the air supply openings of the supply pipe may be mere openings, holes or the like.
  • the pivotable change-over damper may be replaced with an arrangement comprising a control plate fixed to the partition plate 3.
  • the partition plate is mounted in such a way that it turns about the central line of the pipe 1.
  • the supply air can be guided either into the nozzles 8 or into the nozzles 9.
  • a disadvantage of this arrangement is that the air cannot be guided partly into the nozzles 8 and partly into the nozzles 9 without substantially altering the direction of the air jets and the flow field created by them.
  • Large partition plates, often several metres in length, are difficult to mount in bearings, which is also considerably more expensive than the simple damper shown in Figure 1.
  • the shape of the pipe 1 is also limited.
  • the partition plate 3 is a circular arch having a radius slightly smaller than that of the pipe 1 and turning about the central line of the pipe, it forms a closing plate which can be turned to close the nozzles 8 or the nozzles 9.
  • the disadvantages are the same as in the embodiment described above.
  • An advantage is a smaller pressure loss as the air flows into the nozzles through the entire cross-sectional area of the pipe 1.
  • the partition plate 3 can also be made stationary, the pipe 1 being mounted to rotate about it. In this embodiment and in the preceding embodiment, the partition plate may also be positioned outside the pipe 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
  • Duct Arrangements (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Verfahren zum Einleiten von Zuluft (A) in einen Raum mittels einer Vorrichtung, bei der zumindest zwei unabhängige Strömungswege verfügbar sind, wobei in jedem von ihnen eine Anzahl Luftauslaßöffnungen zum Einblasen von Luft in den Raum angeordnet sind, wobei das Verfahren umfaßt
    - selektives Einleiten der Zuluft (A) in einen oder mehrere der getrennten unabhängigen Strömungswege,
    - damit der Luftstrom dergestalt eingestellt wird, daß die Richtung des Luftstroms aus den Öffnungen eines jeden Strömungsweges im wesentlichen entgegengesetzt ist zu dem Strom aus den Öffnungen von zumindest einem anderen Strömungsweg.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die Zuluft (A) wahlweise durch unterschiedliche Strömungswege (4, 5) hindurch eingeleitet wird, wenn eine Beheizung verlangt wird und wenn eine Kühlung verlangt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die Zuluft (A) teilweise durch beide Strömungswege (4, 5) eingeleitet wird, wenn kein Beheizen und Kühlen verlangt werden.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die Zuluft in die unabhängigen Strömungswege (4, 5) mit Hilfe eines Verschlußmittels eingeleitet wird, welches die in die Wege eindringende Strömung aufteilt.
  5. Verteilungsvorrichtung zur Einleitung von Zuluft in einen Raum, wobei die Verteilungsvorrichtung (1) mit einer Leitung für Zuluft (A) verbindbar ist und umfaßt:
    - zumindest zwei getrennte Strömungskanäle, die Strömungswege (4, 5) für die Zuluft bilden,
    - Verschlußmittel (7; 10) zum Voneinander-Trennen der Strömungskanäle, und
    - wobei jeder Kanal ein unabhängiges Luftverteilungsmittel bildet, das eine Anzahl getrennter Auslaßöffnungen (8, 9) umfaßt, die in jedem Strömungskanal dergestalt angeordnet sind, daß der Luftstrom aus den Öffnungen eines jeden Strömungskanals im wesentlichen entgegengesetzt zu dem Strom aus den Auslaßöffnungen von zumindest einem anderen Strömungskanal ist.
  6. Verteilungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die Auslaßöffnungen (8, 9) durch Düsen gebildet sind.
  7. Verteilungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, wobei die Verteilungsvorrichtung aus einer Leitung gebildet ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    - die Verteilungsvorrichtung (1) durch eine axiale Trennwand (3) in zwei longitudinale Strömungskanäle unterteilt ist, welche die Strömungswege (4, 5) bilden, und
    - daß eine Verschlußklappe (9; 10) an dem vorderen Ende der Trennwand geschaffen ist, wobei die Verschlußklappe in Stellungen verschwenkbar ist, welche die Strömung der Zuluft (A) in jedem der Strömungskanäle blockiert.
  8. Verteilungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, bei der die Luftzuführungsöffnungen (8, 9) Düsen sind,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die Düsen (8, 9) der getrennten Strömungskanäle (4, 5) in der Größe und/oder Anzahl ungleich sind.
EP92905042A 1991-02-14 1992-02-12 Verfahren und verteilvorrichtung zum einführen von luft in ein zimmer Expired - Lifetime EP0571478B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI910729 1991-02-14
FI910729A FI90466C (fi) 1991-02-14 1991-02-14 Menetelmä ja jakolaite ilman johtamiseksi huoneeseen
PCT/FI1992/000037 WO1992014973A1 (en) 1991-02-14 1992-02-12 A method of and a distribution device for introducing air into a room

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0571478A1 EP0571478A1 (de) 1993-12-01
EP0571478B1 true EP0571478B1 (de) 1997-04-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92905042A Expired - Lifetime EP0571478B1 (de) 1991-02-14 1992-02-12 Verfahren und verteilvorrichtung zum einführen von luft in ein zimmer

Country Status (7)

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EP (1) EP0571478B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE152232T1 (de)
AU (1) AU1257592A (de)
DE (1) DE69219320T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0571478T3 (de)
FI (1) FI90466C (de)
WO (1) WO1992014973A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4340038A1 (de) * 1993-11-24 1995-06-01 Schako Metallwarenfabrik Quellauslaßsystem
FI101826B1 (fi) * 1997-04-15 1998-08-31 Flaekt Oy Laitteisto tuloilman jakamiseksi ilmastoitaviin huonetiloihin
DE19722554A1 (de) * 1997-05-28 1998-12-03 Euro Air A S Luftverteilungsverfahren und Einrichtung zu seiner Durchführung
IT1307121B1 (it) * 1999-01-28 2001-10-29 Tub Air S N C Di De Siati Luca Sistema di ricircolazione d'aria ambiente, particolarmente perambienti civili ed industriali di media e grande cubatura, e
WO2019119115A1 (en) 2017-12-18 2019-06-27 Bombardier Inc. Overhead flow distribution assembly for aircraft cabin
IT201800002955A1 (it) * 2018-02-22 2019-08-22 Oneair S R L Condotto di diffusione di aria, relativa canalizzazione di diffusione e impianto di distribuzione di aria

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7820323U1 (de) * 1978-07-06 1978-10-19 Gebrueder Trox Gmbh, 4133 Neukirchen- Vluyn Deckenluftauslass fuer klimaanlagen

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2033509A5 (de) * 1969-02-26 1970-12-04 Citroen Sa
SE370274B (de) * 1973-01-26 1974-10-07 Rinipa Ab
SE375601B (de) * 1973-03-30 1975-04-21 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab
DE8003910U1 (de) * 1980-02-14 1980-05-22 H. Krantz Gmbh & Co, 5100 Aachen Drallauslass aus einem aussenrohr und einem darin konzentrisch angeordneten kernrohr
FI70320C (fi) * 1985-01-28 1986-09-15 Rc Linja Ky Luftfoerdelare
FI73514C (fi) * 1985-10-02 1987-10-09 Erce Oy Hoegtrycksinluftsanordning.
SE9002202L (sv) * 1990-06-20 1991-12-21 Stratos Ventilation Prod Ab Omstaellbart tilluftsdon

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7820323U1 (de) * 1978-07-06 1978-10-19 Gebrueder Trox Gmbh, 4133 Neukirchen- Vluyn Deckenluftauslass fuer klimaanlagen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69219320D1 (de) 1997-05-28
FI910729A (fi) 1992-08-15
WO1992014973A1 (en) 1992-09-03
FI90466C (fi) 1994-02-10
EP0571478A1 (de) 1993-12-01
DE69219320T2 (de) 1997-09-25
FI90466B (fi) 1993-10-29
AU1257592A (en) 1992-09-15
FI910729A0 (fi) 1991-02-14
ATE152232T1 (de) 1997-05-15
DK0571478T3 (da) 1997-10-20

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