EP0567024B1 - Keyboard, especially for pianolike instruments - Google Patents

Keyboard, especially for pianolike instruments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0567024B1
EP0567024B1 EP93106269A EP93106269A EP0567024B1 EP 0567024 B1 EP0567024 B1 EP 0567024B1 EP 93106269 A EP93106269 A EP 93106269A EP 93106269 A EP93106269 A EP 93106269A EP 0567024 B1 EP0567024 B1 EP 0567024B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnets
keyboard
way
key
frame
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP93106269A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0567024A3 (en
EP0567024A2 (en
Inventor
Ulrich Hermann
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from DE19924213469 external-priority patent/DE4213469A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19924223739 external-priority patent/DE4223739A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19934304807 external-priority patent/DE4304807A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0567024A2 publication Critical patent/EP0567024A2/en
Publication of EP0567024A3 publication Critical patent/EP0567024A3/en
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Publication of EP0567024B1 publication Critical patent/EP0567024B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/32—Constructional details
    • G10H1/34—Switch arrangements, e.g. keyboards or mechanical switches specially adapted for electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/344—Structural association with individual keys
    • G10H1/346—Keys with an arrangement for simulating the feeling of a piano key, e.g. using counterweights, springs, cams
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10C—PIANOS, HARPSICHORDS, SPINETS OR SIMILAR STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE KEYBOARDS
    • G10C3/00—Details or accessories
    • G10C3/12—Keyboards; Keys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a keyboard, in particular for piano-like instruments, with which the playing impression of playing the piano is simulated, the keyboard having keys which are arranged movably on a frame.
  • piano-like keyboards which are used for training purposes or in high-quality electronic instruments. With these keyboards, the conditions that occur when playing the piano should be reproduced as faithfully as possible. For the replication, it is particularly important to generate both a resistance called play severity and to reproduce the pressure point that occurs with natural pianos and other instruments. Spring arrangements are supplemented with lead weightings in order to generate the play difficulty. Frictional, gravitational or spring forces are used in the known devices to simulate the pressure point. Because while playing on the keyboard at the moment of the pressure point, the maximum force is generated and this should then subside again, complex mechanical devices are required for this. According to FR-A-1 512 655, an arrangement is known in which a tension spring, which is long in relation to the key stroke, is arranged as an element which determines the amount of restoring and play.
  • the known devices have the disadvantage that they are either subject to high wear, as is the case, for example, with friction mechanisms, or that they require complex mechanical designs.
  • lead weights are raised in opposite directions or lead weights are provided for generating moments of inertia, it is disadvantageous that they cannot be set up and played in any position.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a keyboard that is easy to manufacture, on which the perception of playing that is common when playing the piano is felt and which can be used in any position.
  • the object is achieved in that magnets are arranged on the keys and on the frame of the keyboard, the magnets being arranged such that they move past each other by a small distance when the keys are pressed.
  • the magnets are polarized in the same way, so that repulsive forces occur when moving past.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that permanent magnets, preferably anisotropic ferrite magnets, are used as magnets.
  • An expedient development of the invention arises from the fact that the magnets attached to the frame of the keyboard are arranged in two directions for the purpose of adjusting the force and the location within the playing depth at which the pressure point is to be simulated.
  • the magnets on the fixed part are designed so that they are effective for several buttons.
  • Another form of the arrangement according to the invention provides that contact edges for fixing the position of the magnets are attached to the keys and / or to the frame.
  • the arrangement of the magnets can - seen in the longitudinal direction of the key lever - one behind the other or next to each other. If the magnets are arranged next to each other, they are moved past each other when the buttons are pressed. In this case, the distance determining the magnetic force remains constant even if wear occurs at the bearing of the key lever. Due to the side arrangement, this wear is also reduced because the magnetic forces are kept away from the bearing.
  • the fixed magnets can expediently be attached like a comb, so that the magnets attached to the key levers each move between two fixed magnets. The magnetic effect is used on two surfaces of the magnets. This leads to an increase in the magnetic force effect.
  • a major advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is that by suitably dimensioning the magnet strength and by correspondingly positioning the magnets within the arrangement, the course of the actuating force can be designed in such a way that the triggering torque is more or less noticeable.
  • a resistance that occurs on the distance of the game depth is answered by the player by increasing the finger pressure.
  • An essential aspect for the lifelike replication of instruments is the delayed responsiveness of the player. The player is not in at normal velocity able to follow the real course of force - especially in the decreasing range. Therefore, after the pressure point has been overcome, an increased actuation force and thus an acceleration occur. This acceleration is deliberately used on the piano to safely trigger the hammer.
  • At least one of the magnets is movably mounted so that the magnet can evade the repulsive magnetic force when the key is moved back and that stops for limiting the pivoting movement are arranged at the bearing point of the mounted magnet.
  • Figure 1 shows the arrangement of the tension spring 1 parallel to the key 2 between a spring suspension 5 on the key 2 and an adjusting screw 4. So that the tension spring 1 is not rotated during adjustment, either a swivel joint is attached to the adjusting screw 4 or a thread is formed 3 used within the tension spring 1.
  • the spring attachment is possible in the same way on the white button 2 as on the black button 2 '.
  • the key 2 is movably arranged at a bearing 7.
  • an adjusting screw 8 is adjustably connected to the frame 6.
  • the head of the set screw 8 is on the kickback pad 9 of the button 2 to reduce kickback noise.
  • the head of the adjusting screw 8 has an enlarged contact surface.
  • the keys 2 and 2 are guided by means of a pin 10 and limited in their movement.
  • the pillows 11 in turn prevent a hard stop.
  • the pressure point effect is achieved in that the magnets MT, MG are arranged with the same polarity, so that they have a repulsive effect in the area of the pressure point, ie in the position where they are closest to each other.
  • the arrangement according to the invention makes it possible to arrange the pressure point to be simulated at any area of the playing depth T.
  • the resistance to be simulated, analogous to the model of piano mechanics, should be assigned to the lower part of the playing depth T.
  • the device for pressure point simulation according to the invention is advantageously used together with the arrangement for simulating the game severity. It is possible to adapt the game severity and the size of the pressure point resistance to each other. This allows the impression of how it appears when playing a keyboard with mechanics, for example when playing the piano, to be reproduced.
  • the frame magnet MG attached to the frame 6 is attached to a stable bar L or L ', for example by gluing.
  • the strip L is fastened to the frame 6 in an adjustable manner. This allows both the air gap and the removal of the force-generating magnets the pressure point position can be set. For the adjustment process, it is advisable to incorporate a contact edge on both the L bar and the 2 key. This enables a uniform magnetic distance across the entire keyboard.
  • the frame magnets MG attached to the frame 6 are dimensioned and arranged in such a way that they can be independently assigned to several key magnets MT. The maximum length of these MG magnets results from the fracture resistance of the magnetic elements.
  • Anisotropic ferrite magnets are expediently used in order to be able to use smaller and thus lighter magnets MT, MG. If magnets are arranged side by side on a bar L, a small distance must be ensured to avoid distortion of the magnetic field.
  • FIG. 2a to FIG. 2e explains the mode of operation of a keyboard, in which the pressure point is only felt when the key is depressed, but is avoided when the key is moved back. In this case, the playing impression of a piano keyboard with hammer release is reproduced even better.
  • permanent magnets MT and MG are arranged on the button 2 and on the frame 6. The polarity of the magnets is indicated by marking the north and south poles N and S.
  • the permanent magnet MT arranged on the button 2 is movable. The movement is made possible by mounting the MT magnet in a swivel joint G.
  • the swiveling movement of the magnet MT is limited upwards by the upper elastic stop Al and downwards by the elastic stop A2, which is fastened to the button 2 with the aid of a bracket B and a screw S.
  • the magnet MT is attached to a fastening part BT.
  • the magnet M1 bears against the stop Al as a result of the repulsive force effect of the two magnets MT and MG.
  • the position of the magnet MT in relation to the key 2 remains until the state shown in position b) is reached. In this position, the two magnets MT and MG approach a minimum air gap L1, at which the greatest repulsive force is achieved. The pressure point can be felt in this position.
  • Embodiments are also possible in which the magnet MT arranged on the button 2 is fixedly connected to the button 2 and the magnet MG attached to the frame 6 is arranged pivotably. It is advantageous to arrange the magnet MG on a rocker, which is designed so that a stop plane enables two different stop positions.
  • FIG. 3 shows a possibility in which the magnet MT located on the button 2 is immersed in the magnetic field of an electromagnet.
  • Various shapes such as horseshoe or rod-shaped magnets, can be used as electromagnets. It is also possible to design the electromagnets so that they are guided past one another. The pressure point to be simulated is also achieved in the position in which the magnets with the same poles are at the smallest distance from one another to have.
  • the electromagnet is switched off by an electrical contact, so that when the key 2 is moved back, the pressure point simulation can no longer be felt.
  • the switch is advantageously connected in parallel with a resistor which is set in such a way that when the key is moved back, the permanent magnet cannot be attracted to the iron circuit and the strength of the electromagnet is reduced so that it does not repulsive.
  • the desired magnetic force is generated by an air coil.
  • the pressure point strength is electrically adjustable in the electromagnetic application.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a keyboard for piano-like instruments which is used for practice purposes or in high-quality electronic instruments. The intention is to simulate the impression of piano playing. The keyboard is to be capable of use in any desired position. To this end it is proposed that a tension spring (1) which is long in relation to the key (2,2') and is adjustable in its tensile force be arranged virtually parallel to the key (2), one end of the tension spring (1) being fixed to a spring suspension approximately in the middle of the key (2, 2') and the other end being fixed adjustably on the frame. An advantageous embodiment of the keyboard according to the invention envisages that magnets (MT, MG) be arranged in each case on the keys (2, 2') and on the frame (6) of the keyboard in a manner such that, when the keys (2, 2') are actuated, they move past each other at a short distance apart. The magnets (MT, MG) have the same polarity, so that repelling forces arise as they move past. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Tastatur, insbesondere für klavierartige Instrumente, mit der der Spieleindruck des Klavierspielens simuliert wird, wobei die Tastatur über beweglich an einem Gestell angeordnete Tasten verfügt.The invention relates to a keyboard, in particular for piano-like instruments, with which the playing impression of playing the piano is simulated, the keyboard having keys which are arranged movably on a frame.

Nach dem Stand der Technik sind klavierartige Tastaturen bekannt, die zu Übungszwecken oder in hochwertigen elektronischen Instrumenten eingesetzt werden. Mit diesen Tastaturen sollen die beim Klavierspiel auftretenden Bedingungen möglichst getreu nachgebildet werden. Für die Nachbildung ist es insbesondere wichtig, sowohl eine als Spielschwere bezeichnete Widerstandskraft zu erzeugen, als auch den bei natürlichen Klavieren und bei anderen Instrumenten auftretenden Druckpunkt nachzubilden.
Zur Erzeugung der Spielschwere werden Federanordnungen mit Bleibeschwerungen ergänzt. Zur Druckpunktsimulierung werden bei den bekannten Einrichtungen Reibungs-, Schwerkraft- oder Federkräfte verwendet. Da beim Spielen auf der Tastatur im Moment des Druckpunktes die maximale Kraft erzeugt werden und diese danach wieder abklingen soll, sind dazu aufwendige mechanische Einrichtungen erforderlich.
Nach FR-A-1 512 655 ist eine Anordnung bekannt, bei der eine im Verhältnis zum Tastenhub lange Zugfeder als Rückstell- und Spielschwere bestimmendes Element angeordnet ist.According to the prior art, piano-like keyboards are known which are used for training purposes or in high-quality electronic instruments. With these keyboards, the conditions that occur when playing the piano should be reproduced as faithfully as possible. For the replication, it is particularly important to generate both a resistance called play severity and to reproduce the pressure point that occurs with natural pianos and other instruments.
Spring arrangements are supplemented with lead weightings in order to generate the play difficulty. Frictional, gravitational or spring forces are used in the known devices to simulate the pressure point. Because while playing on the keyboard at the moment of the pressure point, the maximum force is generated and this should then subside again, complex mechanical devices are required for this.
According to FR-A-1 512 655, an arrangement is known in which a tension spring, which is long in relation to the key stroke, is arranged as an element which determines the amount of restoring and play.

Nach US-A-4 524 669 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Betätigung von Klaviertasten bekannt, bei der Magnete verwendet werden, die sich bei der Betätigung aufeinander zu und auf der gleichen Bahn wieder von einander weg bewegen.According to US-A-4 524 669, a device for actuating piano keys is known, in which magnets are used which, when actuated, move towards and away from one another on the same path.

Den bekannten Einrichtungen haftet der Nachteil an, daß sie entweder einem hohen Verschleiß unterliegen, wie das beispielsweise bei Reibungsmechanismen der Fall ist, oder daß sie aufwendige mechanische Konstruktionen erfordern. Bei den bekannten Einrichtungen, bei denen durch die Tastenhebel gegenläufig Bleigewichte angehoben werden oder Bleigewichte zur Erzeugung von Trägheitsmomenten vorgesehen sind, ist nachteilig, daß sie nicht in beliebiger Lage aufgestellt und bespielt werden können.The known devices have the disadvantage that they are either subject to high wear, as is the case, for example, with friction mechanisms, or that they require complex mechanical designs. In the known devices in which lead weights are raised in opposite directions or lead weights are provided for generating moments of inertia, it is disadvantageous that they cannot be set up and played in any position.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine einfach herstellbare Tastatur anzugeben, an der der beim Klavierspielen übliche Spieleindruck empfunden wird und die in beliebiger Lage benutzt werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a keyboard that is easy to manufacture, on which the perception of playing that is common when playing the piano is felt and which can be used in any position.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß an den Tasten und am Gestell der Tastatur jeweils Magnete angeordnet sind, wobei die Magnete so angeordnet sind, daß sie sich beim Betätigen der Tasten mit geringen Abstand aneinander vorbei bewegen. Außerdem sind die Magnete gleichartig gepolt, so daß beim Vorbeibewegen abstoßende Kräfte auftreten.According to the invention the object is achieved in that magnets are arranged on the keys and on the frame of the keyboard, the magnets being arranged such that they move past each other by a small distance when the keys are pressed. In addition, the magnets are polarized in the same way, so that repulsive forces occur when moving past.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausführung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß als Magnete Permanentmagnete, vorzugsweise anisotrope Ferritmagnete, verwendet werden.An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that permanent magnets, preferably anisotropic ferrite magnets, are used as magnets.

Eine zweckmäßige Weiterbildung der Erfindung entsteht dadurch, daß die am Gestell der Tastatur angebrachten Magnete zum Zwecke der Einstellung der Kraft und des Ortes innerhalb der Spieltiefe, an dem der Druckpunkt simuliert werden soll, in zwei Richtungen justierbar angeordnet sind.An expedient development of the invention arises from the fact that the magnets attached to the frame of the keyboard are arranged in two directions for the purpose of adjusting the force and the location within the playing depth at which the pressure point is to be simulated.

Ferner ist es möglich, daß die Magnete am feststehenden Teil so ausgebildet sind, daß sie für mehrere Tasten wirksam sind.It is also possible that the magnets on the fixed part are designed so that they are effective for several buttons.

Eine weitere Form der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung sieht vor, daß an den Tasten und/oder am Gestell Anlagekanten zur Lagefixierung der Magnete angebracht sind.Another form of the arrangement according to the invention provides that contact edges for fixing the position of the magnets are attached to the keys and / or to the frame.

Die Anordnung der Magnete kann - in Längsrichtung des Tastenhebels gesehen - hintereinander oder nebeneinander erfolgen. Sind die Magnete nebeneinander angeordnet, werden sie bei der Betätigung der Tasten seitlich aneinander vorbeigeführt. Der magnetkraftbestimmende Abstand bleibt in diesem Falle auch dann konstant, wenn Verschleiß an der Lagerstelle des Tastenhebels eintritt. Durch die seitliche Anordnung wird dieser Verschleiß außerdem verringert, weil die Magnetkräfte vom Lager fern gehalten werden.
Die feststehenden Magnete können zweckmäßigerweise kammartig angebracht werden, so daß die an den Tastenhebeln angebrachten Magnete sich jeweils zwischen zwei feststehenden Magneten bewegen. Die Magnetwirkung wird hierbei an zwei Flächen der Magnete genutzt. Damit tritt eine Erhöhung der magnetischen Kraftwirkung ein.The arrangement of the magnets can - seen in the longitudinal direction of the key lever - one behind the other or next to each other. If the magnets are arranged next to each other, they are moved past each other when the buttons are pressed. In this case, the distance determining the magnetic force remains constant even if wear occurs at the bearing of the key lever. Due to the side arrangement, this wear is also reduced because the magnetic forces are kept away from the bearing.
The fixed magnets can expediently be attached like a comb, so that the magnets attached to the key levers each move between two fixed magnets. The magnetic effect is used on two surfaces of the magnets. This leads to an increase in the magnetic force effect.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung ist, daß durch geeignete Bemessung der Magnetstärke und durch entsprechende Positionierung der Magnete innerhalb der Anordnung der Verlauf der Betätigungskraft so gestaltet werden kann, daß das Auslösemoment mehr oder weniger spürbar wird.
Bei der Benutzung einer Tastatur mit derartiger Simulationseinrichtung wird ein auf der Strecke der Spieltiefe auftretender Widerstand vom Spieler mit einer Erhöhung des Fingerdruckes beantwortet. Ein wesentlicher Gesichtspunkt für die naturgetreue Nachbildung von Instrumenten ist dabei das verzögernde Reaktionsvermögen des Spielers. Der Spieler ist bei normaler Anschlaggeschwindigkeit nicht in der Lage, dem wirklichen Kraftverlauf - vor allem im abnehmenden Bereich - zu folgen. Daher tritt nach dem Überwinden des Druckpunktes eine erhöhte Betätigungskraft und damit eine Beschleunigung auf. Diese Beschleunigung wird beim Klavier bewußt zur sicheren Hammerauslösung genutzt.A major advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is that by suitably dimensioning the magnet strength and by correspondingly positioning the magnets within the arrangement, the course of the actuating force can be designed in such a way that the triggering torque is more or less noticeable.
When using a keyboard with such a simulation device, a resistance that occurs on the distance of the game depth is answered by the player by increasing the finger pressure. An essential aspect for the lifelike replication of instruments is the delayed responsiveness of the player. The player is not in at normal velocity able to follow the real course of force - especially in the decreasing range. Therefore, after the pressure point has been overcome, an increased actuation force and thus an acceleration occur. This acceleration is deliberately used on the piano to safely trigger the hammer.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß mindestens einer der Magnete beweglich so gelagert ist, daß der Magnet bei der Rückbewegung der Taste der abstoßenden Magnetkraft ausweichen kann und daß an der Lagerstelle des gelagerten Magneten Anschläge zur Begrenzung der Schwenkbewegung angeordnet sind. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lagerung einer der Magnete wird erreicht, daß während des Niederdrückens der Taste der bewegliche Magnet das abstoßende Kraftfeld, das durch beide Magnete gebildet wird, überwinden muß. Nach Überschreitung des kritischen Punktes kippt er in eine entfernte Position um, so daß ein größerer Luftspalt entsteht, der die Magnetwirkung praktisch ausschaltet. Bei der Rückwärtsbewegung des Tastenhebels verbleibt der Magnet zunächst in der entfernten Position und wird auch in dieser am Festmagnet vorbei zurück geführt. Erst am Ende oder kurz vor Erreichen des Endes der Rückbewegung der Taste geht der bewegliche Magnet durch die wiederum gleichpolige Gegenüberstellung der Magnete in seine Ausgangsstellung zurück. Als Vorteil ergibt sich außer dem erzielten Effekt, daß durch ein schnelles Wegkippen des beweglichen Magneten bei Überwinden des kritischen Punktes, nämlich dem der größten Spannung, ein wesentlich markanterer Druckpunkt simuliert wird und ein scheinbar stärkerer Druckpunkt tastbar ist. Das erlaubt bei gleicher Wirkung den Einsatz schwächerer oder kleinerer Magnete.An advantageous further development of the invention provides that at least one of the magnets is movably mounted so that the magnet can evade the repulsive magnetic force when the key is moved back and that stops for limiting the pivoting movement are arranged at the bearing point of the mounted magnet. By mounting one of the magnets according to the invention it is achieved that, while the button is depressed, the movable magnet has to overcome the repulsive force field which is formed by both magnets. After the critical point is exceeded, it tilts into a distant position, so that a larger air gap is created, which practically eliminates the magnetic effect. When the key lever is moved backwards, the magnet initially remains in the removed position and is also guided back past the fixed magnet in this position. It is only at the end or shortly before the end of the return movement of the button that the movable magnet returns to its starting position by the magnets, which are again of the same polarity. In addition to the effect achieved, there is the advantage that a rapidly more pronounced pressure point is simulated by quickly tilting the movable magnet away when the critical point is overcome, namely that of the greatest voltage and a seemingly stronger pressure point is palpable. This allows the use of weaker or smaller magnets with the same effect.

Die Erfindung soll nachstehend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert werden. In der zugehörigen Zeichnung zeigen:

  • Figur 1: Einen Teilschnitt durch die erfindungsgemäße Tastatur.
  • Figur 2a bis 2e: eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform mit Druckpunktunterdrückung während der Rückbewegung der Taten in 5 Phasen der Bewegung.
  • Figur 3: eine Ausführungsform mit einer Magnetspule.
The invention will be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. In the accompanying drawing:
  • Figure 1: A partial section through the keyboard according to the invention.
  • Figures 2a to 2e: a schematic representation of an embodiment with pressure point suppression during the return movement of the deeds in 5 phases of the movement.
  • Figure 3: an embodiment with a magnetic coil.

Figur 1 zeigt die Anordnung der Zugfeder 1 parallel zur Taste 2 zwischen einer Federaufhängung 5 an der Taste 2 und einer Stellschraube 4. Damit die Zugfeder 1 bei der Einstellung nicht verdreht wird, ist entweder an der Stellschraube 4 ein Drehgelenk angebracht oder es wird ein Gewinde 3 innerhalb der Zugfeder 1 genutzt.
Die Federbefestigung ist in gleicher Weise an der weißen Taste 2 wie an der schwarzen Taste 2' möglich. Die Taste 2 ist an einer Lagerstelle 7 beweglich angeordnet. Zur Begrenzung der einstellbaren Spieltiefe ist eine Stellschraube 8 mit dem Gestell 6 justierbar verbunden. Der Kopf der Stellschraube 8 liegt am Rückschlagpolster 9 der Taste 2 an, um Rückschlaggeräusche zu vermindern. Der Kopf der Stellschraube 8 weist dazu eine vergrößerte Anlagefläche auf. Die Tasten 2 und 2 werden mittels eines Stiftes 10 geführt und in ihrer Bewegung begrenzt. Die Kissen 11 verhindern dabei wiederum einen harten Anschlag.
Die Druckpunktwirkung wird dadurch erzielt, daß die Magnete MT, MG gleichartig gepolt angeordnet sind, so daß sie in dem Bereich des Druckpunktes, also in der Stellung wo sie sich am nächsten gegeneinander befinden, abstoßende Wirkung zeigen. Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung ermöglicht es, den zu simulierenden Druckpunkt an jeden Bereich der Spieltiefe T anzuordnen. Vorzugsweise wird dabei der zu simulierende Widerstand, analog dem Vorbild der Klaviermechanik, dem unteren Teil der Spieltiefe T zuzuordnen sein. Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung zur Druckpunktsimulierung wird zweckmäßigerweise gemeinsam mit der Anordnung zur Simulierung der Spielschwere verwendet. Dabei ist es möglich, die Spielschwere und die Größe des Druckpunktwiderstand aneinander anzupassen. Damit kann der Eindruck nachgebildet werden, wie er beim Spielen auf einer Klaviatur mit Mechanik, beispielsweise beim Klavierspielen, auftritt.Figure 1 shows the arrangement of the tension spring 1 parallel to the key 2 between a spring suspension 5 on the key 2 and an adjusting screw 4. So that the tension spring 1 is not rotated during adjustment, either a swivel joint is attached to the adjusting screw 4 or a thread is formed 3 used within the tension spring 1.
The spring attachment is possible in the same way on the white button 2 as on the black button 2 '. The key 2 is movably arranged at a bearing 7. To limit the adjustable play depth, an adjusting screw 8 is adjustably connected to the frame 6. The head of the set screw 8 is on the kickback pad 9 of the button 2 to reduce kickback noise. For this purpose, the head of the adjusting screw 8 has an enlarged contact surface. The keys 2 and 2 are guided by means of a pin 10 and limited in their movement. The pillows 11 in turn prevent a hard stop.
The pressure point effect is achieved in that the magnets MT, MG are arranged with the same polarity, so that they have a repulsive effect in the area of the pressure point, ie in the position where they are closest to each other. The arrangement according to the invention makes it possible to arrange the pressure point to be simulated at any area of the playing depth T. Preferably, the resistance to be simulated, analogous to the model of piano mechanics, should be assigned to the lower part of the playing depth T. The device for pressure point simulation according to the invention is advantageously used together with the arrangement for simulating the game severity. It is possible to adapt the game severity and the size of the pressure point resistance to each other. This allows the impression of how it appears when playing a keyboard with mechanics, for example when playing the piano, to be reproduced.

Dabei ist es möglich, den am Gestell 6 befestigten Gestellmagneten MG auf einer stabilen Leiste L oder L' zu befestigen, beispielsweise durch Kleben. Die Leiste L wird justierbar am Gestell 6 befestigt. Damit kann sowohl der Luftspalt beziehungsweise die Entfernung der krafterzeugenden Magnete als auch die Druckpunktposition eingestellt werden. Es ist für den Justiervorgang zweckmäßig, sowohl an der Leiste L als auch an der Taste 2 eine Anlagekante einzuarbeiten. Damit wird ein gleichmäßiger Magnetabstand über die gesamte Klaviatur ermöglicht. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform sieht dabei vor, daß die am Gestell 6 befestigten Gestellmagnete MG so bemessen und angeordnet sind, daß sie unabhängig voneinander mehreren Tastenmagneten MT zugeordnet werden können. Die maximale Länge dieser Magnete MG gibt sich aus der Bruchsicherheit der Magnetelemente. Zweckmäßigerweise werden anisotrope Ferritmagnete verwendet, um kleinere und damit leichtere Magnete MT, MG einsetzen zu können. Werden Magnete nebeneinander auf einer Leiste L angeordnet, so ist ein geringer Abstand zu gewährleisten, um Verzerrungen des Magnetfeldes zu vermeiden.It is possible to attach the frame magnet MG attached to the frame 6 to a stable bar L or L ', for example by gluing. The strip L is fastened to the frame 6 in an adjustable manner. This allows both the air gap and the removal of the force-generating magnets the pressure point position can be set. For the adjustment process, it is advisable to incorporate a contact edge on both the L bar and the 2 key. This enables a uniform magnetic distance across the entire keyboard. A further advantageous embodiment provides that the frame magnets MG attached to the frame 6 are dimensioned and arranged in such a way that they can be independently assigned to several key magnets MT. The maximum length of these MG magnets results from the fracture resistance of the magnetic elements. Anisotropic ferrite magnets are expediently used in order to be able to use smaller and thus lighter magnets MT, MG. If magnets are arranged side by side on a bar L, a small distance must be ensured to avoid distortion of the magnetic field.

Das in Figur 2a bis Figur 2e dargestellte Beispiel erläutert die Wirkungsweise einer Tastatur, bei der der Druckpunkt nur beim Niederdrücken der Taste spürbar ist, bei der Rückbewegung der Taste jedoch vermieden wird. In diesem Fall wird der Spieleindruck einer Klaviertastatur mit Hammerauslösung noch besser nachgebildet. Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform sind an der Taste 2 und am Gestell 6 Permanentmagnete MT und MG angeordnet. Die Polung der Magnete ist jeweils durch Kennzeichnung der Nord- und Südpole N und S angegeben. Im hier dargestellten Fall ist der an der Taste 2 angeordnete Permanentmagnet MT beweglich. Die Bewegung wird ermöglicht durch die Lagerung des Magneten MT in einem Drehgelenk G. Die Schwenkbewegung des Magneten MT wird dabei begrenzt nach oben durch den oberen elastischen Anschlag Al und nach unten durch den elastischen Anschlag A2, der mit Hilfe eines Bügels B und einer Schraube S an der Taste 2 befestigt ist. Der Magnet MT ist an einem Befestigungsteil BT angebracht. Im Ausgangszustand a) liegt der Magnet M1 infolge der abstoßenden Kraftwirkung der beiden Magnete MT und MG am Anschlag Al an. Die Stellung des Magneten MT gegenüber der Taste 2 bleibt erhalten bis der in der Stellung b) dargestellte Zustand erreicht wird. In dieser Stellung nähern sich die beiden Magnete MT und MG auf einen minimalen Luftspalt L1 , bei dem die größte Abstoßungskraft erreicht wird. In dieser Position ist der Druckpunkt spürbar. Bereits eine geringfügige Weiterbewegung der Taste 2 in die untere Richtung bewirkt das in c) dargestellte beschleunigte Abkippen des Magneten MT bis zur Anlage an den unteren Anschlag A2. Dieser Zustand wird bis zum Erreichen der unteren Stellung der Taste 2 beibehalten. Bei der in den Darstellungen 2d) und 2e) gezeigten Aufwärtsbewegung der Taste 2 bleibt die abgekippte Stellung des Magneten MT zunächst erhalten, so daß - wie in der Stellung d) gezeigt - beim Vorbeibewegen der Magnete ein größerer Luftspalt L2 wirksam ist. Die abstoßenden Kräfte der Magnete sind demzufolge in der Taste 2 nicht spürbar. Erst nachdem - wie in Darstellung e) gezeigt - die Taste 2 mit den Magneten MT sich oberhalb des Magneten MG befindet, kommt die abstoßende Wirkung der Magnete in der Weise zum Ausdruck, daß der Magnet MT nach oben gekippt wird. Damit wird erreicht, daß die Ausgangsstellung wieder gegeben ist und der Vorgang von neuem ausgeführt werden kann. Besonders vorteilhaft ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung die elastische Ausbildung der Anschläge Al und A2, die einerseits eine schonende Behandlung der empfindlichen Magnete gewährleisten und andererseits störende Geräusche vermeiden.The example shown in FIG. 2a to FIG. 2e explains the mode of operation of a keyboard, in which the pressure point is only felt when the key is depressed, but is avoided when the key is moved back. In this case, the playing impression of a piano keyboard with hammer release is reproduced even better. In the illustrated embodiment, permanent magnets MT and MG are arranged on the button 2 and on the frame 6. The polarity of the magnets is indicated by marking the north and south poles N and S. In the case shown here, the permanent magnet MT arranged on the button 2 is movable. The movement is made possible by mounting the MT magnet in a swivel joint G. The swiveling movement of the magnet MT is limited upwards by the upper elastic stop Al and downwards by the elastic stop A2, which is fastened to the button 2 with the aid of a bracket B and a screw S. The magnet MT is attached to a fastening part BT. In the initial state a), the magnet M1 bears against the stop Al as a result of the repulsive force effect of the two magnets MT and MG. The position of the magnet MT in relation to the key 2 remains until the state shown in position b) is reached. In this position, the two magnets MT and MG approach a minimum air gap L1, at which the greatest repulsive force is achieved. The pressure point can be felt in this position. Even a slight further movement of the button 2 in the lower direction brings about the accelerated tilting of the magnet MT shown in c) until it abuts the lower stop A2. This state is maintained until button 2 is in the lower position. In the upward movement of the button 2 shown in the illustrations 2d) and 2e), the tilted position of the magnet MT is initially retained, so that - as shown in position d) - a larger air gap L2 is effective when the magnets move past. The repulsive forces of the magnets are therefore not noticeable in button 2. Only after - as shown in illustration e) - the button 2 with the magnet MT is above the magnet MG, is the repulsive effect of the magnets expressed in such a way that the magnet MT is tilted upwards. This ensures that the starting position is given again and the process can be carried out again. Particularly advantageous in the arrangement according to the invention is the elastic design of the stops A1 and A2, which on the one hand ensure gentle handling of the sensitive magnets and on the other hand avoid disturbing noises.

Es sind auch Ausführungsformen möglich, bei denen der an der Taste 2 angeordnete Magnet MT fest mit der Taste 2 verbunden und der am Gestell 6 angebrachte Magnet MG schwenkbar angeordnet sind. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, den Magnet MG auf einer Wippe anzuordnen, die so ausgebildet ist, daß eine Anschlagebene zwei unterschiedliche Anschlagpositionen ermöglicht.Embodiments are also possible in which the magnet MT arranged on the button 2 is fixedly connected to the button 2 and the magnet MG attached to the frame 6 is arranged pivotably. It is advantageous to arrange the magnet MG on a rocker, which is designed so that a stop plane enables two different stop positions.

Neben der Anordnung von Permanentmagneten ist auch der Einsatz von Elektromagneten möglich. Da bei vielen Tastaturen elektrische Schaltkontakte vorhanden sind, ist die Ansteuerung elektromagnetischer Elemente mit geringem Aufwand leicht zu realisieren.
Figur 3 zeigt eine Möglichkeit, bei der der an der Taste 2 befindliche Magnet MT in das Magnetfeld eines Elektromagneten eintaucht. Als Elektromagnete sind verschiedene Formen, wie hufeisen- oder stabförmige Magnete einsetzbar. Es ist auch möglich, die Elektromagnete so auszubilden, daß sie aneinander vorbeigeführt werden. Der zu simulierende Druckpunkt wird auch dabei in der Stellung erreicht, in der die gleichpolig zueinander angeordneten Magnete den geringsten Abstand zueinander haben. Wird dieser Zustand überschritten, wird durch einen elektrischen Kontakt der Elektromagnet ausgeschaltet, so daß bei der Rückbewegung der Taste 2 die Druckpunktsimulation nicht mehr spürbar ist.
Bei Verwendung einer Spule mit Eisenkern als Elektromagnet wird dem Schalter vorteilhaft ein Widerstand parallel geschaltet, der so eingestellt ist, daß bei der Rückbewegung der Taste keine Anziehung des Permanentmagneten an den Eisenkreis erfolgen kann und der Elektromagnet in seiner Kraft so reduziert ist, daß er nicht abstoßend wirkt.
Es sind auch Ausführungsformen möglich, bei der die gewünschte Magnetkraft durch eine Luftspule erzeugt wird.
Die Druckpunktstärke ist bei der elektromagnetischen Anwendung elektrisch einstellbar.In addition to the arrangement of permanent magnets, the use of electromagnets is also possible. Since electrical switch contacts are present on many keyboards, the control of electromagnetic elements can be easily implemented with little effort.
FIG. 3 shows a possibility in which the magnet MT located on the button 2 is immersed in the magnetic field of an electromagnet. Various shapes, such as horseshoe or rod-shaped magnets, can be used as electromagnets. It is also possible to design the electromagnets so that they are guided past one another. The pressure point to be simulated is also achieved in the position in which the magnets with the same poles are at the smallest distance from one another to have. If this state is exceeded, the electromagnet is switched off by an electrical contact, so that when the key 2 is moved back, the pressure point simulation can no longer be felt.
When using a coil with an iron core as an electromagnet, the switch is advantageously connected in parallel with a resistor which is set in such a way that when the key is moved back, the permanent magnet cannot be attracted to the iron circuit and the strength of the electromagnet is reduced so that it does not repulsive.
Embodiments are also possible in which the desired magnetic force is generated by an air coil.
The pressure point strength is electrically adjustable in the electromagnetic application.

Claims (7)

  1. Keyboard, especially for instruments like pianos, by means of which the playing impression of playing a piano is simulated, while the keyboard has keys which are arranged in a movable way on a frame, and for which a tension spring (1), which has a length that is in proportion to the key lift, the tensile force of which can be adjusted, and the length of which is only slightly modified during key operation, is arranged almost in parallel with regard to the key lever as an element that determines retuming and playing resistance, while one end of the tension spring (1) is fixed at a spring suspension located approximately at the centre of the key lever (2), and the other end is fixed in an adjustable way at the frame, characterized in that
    - magnets (MT, MG) are arranged correspondingly at the keys (2, 2') and at the frame (6) of the keyboard; in that
    - the magnets (MT, MG) are arranged in such a way that they move past one another at a small distance during the operation of the keys; and in that
    - the magnets (MT, MG) are polarized in the same way, so that repellent forces occur when they are moved passed one another.
  2. Keyboard as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that permanent magnets, preferably anisotropic ferrite magnets, are used as magnets (MT, MG).
  3. Keyboard as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the magnets (MG) mounted on the frame (6) of the keyboard are arranged in such a way that they can be adjusted in two directions for the purpose of adjusting force and location within the depth of play.
  4. Keyboard as claimed in any claim 1 through 3, characterized in that the magnets (MG) are formed and fixed at the stationary part in such a way that they are effective for several keys.
  5. Keyboard as claimed in any claim 2 through 4, characterized in that at least one of the magnets is supported in such a movable way that the magnet can evade the repelling magnetic force during the return movement of the key, and that stops (Al, A2) are located at the bearing point of the supported magnet in order to limit the swivelling movement.
  6. Keyboard as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the magnet (MG) mounted on the frame is arranged on a rocker, and that two different stop positions are provided on one stop plane.
  7. Keyboard as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that one of the two magnetic fields is generated by a current-carrying electric coil, while the coil is switched in such a way that a repelling magnetic field is achieved toward the permanent magnet which is being moved in a relative way with regard to the coil, and that this magnetic field can be switched off electrically.
EP93106269A 1992-04-24 1993-04-17 Keyboard, especially for pianolike instruments Expired - Lifetime EP0567024B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4213469 1992-04-24
DE19924213469 DE4213469A1 (en) 1992-04-24 1992-04-24 Keyboard for piano-type instrument
DE4223739 1992-07-18
DE19924223739 DE4223739A1 (en) 1992-07-18 1992-07-18 Keyboard for piano-type instrument
DE4304807 1993-02-17
DE19934304807 DE4304807A1 (en) 1992-07-18 1993-02-17 Device for simulating pressure points on push-button levers

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0567024A2 EP0567024A2 (en) 1993-10-27
EP0567024A3 EP0567024A3 (en) 1994-08-17
EP0567024B1 true EP0567024B1 (en) 1997-11-19

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93106269A Expired - Lifetime EP0567024B1 (en) 1992-04-24 1993-04-17 Keyboard, especially for pianolike instruments

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EP (1) EP0567024B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE160463T1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ282808B6 (en)
DE (1) DE59307689D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001039169A1 (en) * 1999-11-25 2001-05-31 Ulrich Hermann Device for simulating a pressure point in keyboards of piano-type keyboard instruments
WO2015121518A1 (en) * 2014-02-12 2015-08-20 Vázquez Díaz Rodrigo Keyboard with adjustable touch for a musical instrument
DE102015000133B3 (en) * 2015-01-07 2016-03-03 Olaf Schmidt Device of stepless pressure point and holding force adjustment for keyboards for use in digital organ game tables
DE102015015385A1 (en) 2015-11-28 2017-06-01 Ulrich A. Gottwald Apparatus for realizing a key close and the various, partly in game operation variable key resistors of various pipe organ playing tables for use on a digital game table.
DE102016006051A1 (en) 2016-05-18 2017-11-23 Ulrich A. Gottwald Device for realizing a key close and the different, partly in game mode variable key resistors of various pipe organ playing tables for use on a digital game table with one-armed keyboards, as well as a pressure point simulation for the pedal.
CN106981284A (en) * 2017-06-05 2017-07-25 音乐梦想（北京）科技有限公司 A kind of magnetic-type counterweight keys and keyboard
CN110570833A (en) * 2019-10-16 2019-12-13 得理乐器(珠海)有限公司 Grading adjusting device for hand feeling of tension spring keyboard of electronic organ

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL6602034A (en) * 1966-02-17 1967-08-18
US4365536A (en) * 1980-10-27 1982-12-28 Whirlpool Corporation Sliding actuator membrane switch for organ keyboard
US4524669A (en) * 1981-06-11 1985-06-25 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Key-driving/detecting mechanism for keyboard instrument
DD213269A1 (en) * 1983-01-06 1984-09-05 Zerkleinerungsmaschinen Veb STEEL SPRING
JPH0810399B2 (en) * 1989-02-16 1996-01-31 ヤマハ株式会社 Electronic musical instrument

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0567024A3 (en) 1994-08-17
CZ282808B6 (en) 1997-10-15
CZ72693A3 (en) 1993-11-17
EP0567024A2 (en) 1993-10-27
DE59307689D1 (en) 1998-01-02
ATE160463T1 (en) 1997-12-15

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