EP0565457B1 - Endless belt to be used as printing blanket - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an element in the form of an endless belt forming, in particular, a textile printing blanket. The element, of the type comprising a roller layer (4) associated with at least one working layer (8) is characterised in that only the roller layer (4) has a high characteristic of longitudinal rigidity, lying between approximately 10<6> and 10<7> newtons per metre. The invention finds an application in the field of textiles. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to an element in the form of an endless band, in particular forming a textile printing blanket.

Textile printing machines are known comprising, in general, an endless sheet or strip surrounding two rolls, one of which is driven in rotation so as to drive the endless strip at constant speed and above which strip are arranged successive printing means capable of printing patterns of different colors on a strip of fabric entrained by the endless strip and sandwiched between this strip and the printing means.

The textile printing sheet has a sandwich structure of several more or less thick layers of different materials to allow the printing of the fabric resting on the strip by compression of the printing means on the fabric.

However, the various composite structures of the textile printing sheets which have been designed up to now have not been entirely satisfactory. Indeed, these known structures give the sheet a somewhat variable elasticity causing an irregularity in the running speed of the sheet. This then results in an "offset" or "framing" of the colored patterns printed superimposed on the fabrics arranged on the printing sheet by the successive printing means.

Such an offset can reach a few tenths of a millimeter, which is detrimental to the quality of the fabric. Indeed, a cropping greater than ± 0.1 mm (offset of two colors) becomes visible for very "framing" printed designs and can cause rejection of the production carried out on the machine in extreme cases.

GB-A-1 307 230 describes a blanket for a printing machine used in particular for covering the intermediate cylinder of a lithographic printing machine.

DE-U-89 05 562 describes a printing blanket used for offset printing and arranged so as to reduce smudging and have an easy elastic restoring force as well as a high regeneration effect of the plate cylinder which is of simple construction.

The invention therefore proposes to produce an endless cloth or textile printing sheet or strip of a composite structure such that the framing on the fabric is reduced to a value as low as possible, in any case not exceeding about one tenth of a millimeter .

To this end, the endless strip-shaped element of the invention comprises the technical characteristics set out in claim 1.

Preferably, the longitudinal rigidity of the aforementioned cylinder layer has a value between 1.5 and 2.5 x 10 ⁶ N / m.

Preferably, the aforementioned cylinder layer is constituted by a web of threads and / or longitudinal fibers of monofilaments made of a material based on polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, aramid, glass, carbon, metal or the like.

According to an alternative embodiment, the aforementioned cylinder layer is constituted by a web of wires and / or longitudinal fibers each consisting of multifilaments made of a material based on polyester, polyamide, aramid polyethylene, glass, carbon, metal or the like.

According to another alternative embodiment, the cylinder layer consists of a sheet of threads and / or longitudinal fibers formed from both monofilaments and multifilaments of the same material or from different materials based on polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, aramid , glass, carbon, metal or the like.

The aforementioned multifilaments of each thread and / or longitudinal fiber of the cylinder layer are of the same material or of different materials.

According to a first embodiment, the element comprises two intermediate layers consisting of a layer of son and / or transverse fibers of monofilaments and a layer of elastomer for bonding between the layer of son and / or fibers transverse and the cylinder layer.

According to a second embodiment, the element comprises an intermediate layer consisting of a layer of son and / or transverse fibers of monofilaments.

According to a third embodiment, the element comprises three intermediate layers consisting, successively towards the working layer, of a layer of son and / or transverse fibers of monofilaments, of a layer of binding elastomer and of a fabric with low modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal direction consisting of threads and / or transverse fibers of monofilaments joined together by flexible cotton or polyester threads above and below said fibers and / or threads.

According to a fourth embodiment, the element comprises three intermediate layers consisting, successively towards the working layer, of a layer of transverse yarns and / or fibers each consisting of multifilaments, of a layer of binding elastomer and a fabric with low modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal direction, consisting of threads and / or transverse fibers of monofilaments joined together by flexible cotton or polyester threads above and below said fibers and / or threads.

According to a fifth embodiment, the element comprises three intermediate layers consisting, successively towards the working layer, of a layer of son and / or transverse fibers of monofilaments, of a layer of binding elastomer and of '' a balanced canvas with flexible threads in both transverse and longitudinal directions, made of cotton or polyester.

The abovementioned transverse yarns and / or fibers are made from a material based on polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, glass, carbon, metal or the like.

The longitudinal threads and / or fibers of the cylinder layer and the transverse threads and / or fibers of the above-mentioned intermediate layers are impregnated with elastomer.

Furthermore, at least one of the intermediate layers may consist of a layer of transverse yarns and / or fibers formed from both monofilaments and multifilaments of the same material or from different materials based on polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, glass. , carbon, metal or the like.

The multifilaments of each yarn and / or transverse fiber of the intermediate layer are of the same material or of different materials.

The cylinder layer has a thickness between approximately 0.2 and 1.5 m millimeters, preferably between approximately 0.3 and 0.9 millimeters, the working layer has a thickness between approximately 0.1 and 1.0 millimeter, preferably between about 0.5 and 0.7 millimeter and the total thickness of the element is between about 1.5 and 4 millimeters, preferably between about 1.9 and 2.8 millimeters.

The working layer is made of Young's modulus elastomer of between approximately 1.0 and 500 Megapascals (MPa), preferably between 5 and 100 MPa.

The above-mentioned different layers of the element are linked together by self-adhesion or by adhesion agents.

• La figure 1 représente schématiquement un élément en forme de bande sans fin destiné à former un blanchet d'impression textile.
• La figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale suivant la ligne II-II de la figure 1 représentant une structure composite de l'élément suivant un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention.
• Les figures 3, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B et 6 sont des vues en coupe semblables à celle de la figure 2 et représentant d'autres modes de réalisation de l'élément conforme à l'invention.
• La figure 7 illustre de façon schématique une machine permettant de mesurer avec une grande précision la valeur de décadrage résultant de l'utilisation du blanchet d'impression conforme à l'invention comparativement à des blanchets d'impression connus.
• La figure 8 représente deux courbes de variation du décadrage résultant de l'utilisation de deux draps d'impression textile classiques.
• La figure 9 représente deux courbes de variation du décadrage résultant de l'utilisation respectivement de deux draps d'impression textile conformes à l'invention.

The invention will be better understood and other objects, characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to the appended schematic drawings given solely by way of example illustrating several modes. of the invention and in which:

• FIG. 1 schematically represents an element in the form of an endless strip intended to form a textile printing blanket.
• Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1 showing a composite structure of the element according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• Figures 3, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B and 6 are sectional views similar to that of Figure 2 and showing other embodiments of the element according to the invention.
• FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a machine making it possible to measure with great precision the cropping value resulting from the use of the printing blanket according to the invention compared to known printing blankets.
• FIG. 8 represents two curves of variation of the cropping resulting from the use of two conventional textile printing sheets.
• FIG. 9 represents two curves of variation of the cropping resulting from the use respectively of two textile printing sheets in accordance with the invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the reference 1 designates an endless band, in particular a band intended to entrain a fabric to receive successive impressions, surrounding two separate cylinders 2, 3, one of which, for example cylinder 2 , is driven in rotation so that the strip 1 is driven at constant speed in a longitudinal direction indicated by the arrow A.

The strip 1 or textile printing sheet is part of a textile printing machine, known per se, comprising, arranged above the strip 1, cylinders or flat frames forming successive printing means capable of printing patterns of different colors on a strip of fabric carried by the strip 1.

The strip or sheet 1 is obtained endlessly by a junction made over a reduced area which does not cause any deterioration in the level of performance. This joining is a means known in itself and carried out either on the site of the machine, or at the factory for producing sheets before mounting on the machine.

The strip or sheet 1 is a critical component for the quality of the printed fabric and must therefore have a sandwich structure of several layers making it possible to reduce the cropping previously discussed to as low a value as possible.

• une couche inférieure ou couche de cylindre ayant une contribution exclusive à la rigidité longitudinale ou circonférentielle suivant la direction A, exclusivité correspondant techniquement au fait que les autres couches prises isolément ou dans leur ensemble contribuent de manière négligeable à cette rigidité ;
• une couche extérieure ou couche de travail sur laquelle est disposée le tissu à imprimer et ayant des caractéristiques chimiques et mécaniques adaptées au procédé d'impression textile, c'est-à-dire à propriétés chimiques et/ou mécaniques compatibles avec les produits d'impression, de souplesse en surface, de non-marquage du tissu imprimé par les couches de renfort sous-jacentes qui ne sont pas homogènes et de résistance aux chocs, aux rayures et à l'abrasion ; et
• une ou plusieurs couches intermédiaires assurant ensemble la rigidité transversale de la bande ou drap 1 en traction suivant la direction B perpendiculaire à la direction A et en flexion ou degré de liberté de rotation autour de l'axe longitudinal de la bande 1 comme indiqué par la flèche en arc de cercle C. Les couches intermédiaires constituent également des couches de liaison assurant l'intégralité de la bande 1.

To this end and according to the invention, the sandwich structure of the strip or sheet 1 is generally defined by the following different essential layers:

• a lower layer or cylinder layer having an exclusive contribution to the longitudinal or circumferential rigidity in the direction A, exclusivity corresponding technically to the fact that the other layers taken individually or as a whole contribute negligibly to this rigidity;
• an outer layer or working layer on which is disposed the fabric to be printed and having chemical and mechanical characteristics adapted to the textile printing process, that is to say chemical and / or mechanical properties compatible with the products of impression, flexibility on the surface, non-marking of the printed fabric by the underlying reinforcing layers which are not homogeneous and of resistance to shocks, scratches and abrasion; and
• one or more intermediate layers together ensuring the transverse rigidity of the strip or sheet 1 in traction in direction B perpendicular to direction A and in bending or degree of freedom of rotation around the longitudinal axis of strip 1 as indicated by the arrow in an arc of a circle C. The intermediate layers also constitute bonding layers ensuring the entirety of the strip 1.

The stiffnesses in directions A and B are defined as the quotient of the belt tension (in N / m) by the extension of this one in percentage.

The stiffness of the cylinder layer in direction A has a value between approximately 10 ⁶ and 10 ⁷ Newtons per meter (N / m) of sheet width, this stiffness corresponding to an elongation of 0.1 to 1% under a tension of 100 Newtons per centimeter of sheet width. Preferably, the rigidity has a value between 1.5 and 2.5 10 ⁶ N / m. The cylinder layer has a thickness of between approximately 0.2 and 1.5 millimeters and preferably between 0.3 and 0.9 millimeters.

The working layer is made of Young's modulus elastomer of between approximately 1.0 and 500 Megapascals (MPa) and preferably between 5 and 100 MPa. The thickness of the working layer is between about 0.1 and 1.0 millimeter and is preferably between 0.5 and 0.7 millimeter.

The intermediate layer or layers, which collectively provide the rigidity of the strip 1 in the directions B and C as well as the connection between all of the layers of the strip, has or have a transverse stiffness in traction in the direction B of between approximately 10 ⁴ and 10 ⁸ N / m. Preferably, this rigidity is between 10 ⁵ and 5 x 10 ⁶ N / m. The rigidity of the intermediate layer (s) in direction C is preferably greater than 0.05 Nm / radian per meter of sheet length. This sheet stiffness corresponds to the product of the Young's modulus E by the inertia I for a homogeneous beam. The limit value corresponds to an arrow, due to the dead weight of the sheet of 2.5 k / m ² , of 6.25 millimeters for a 10 cm overhang and to an arrow of 10 centimeters for a door - false of 20 centimeters.

The total thickness of the strip or sheet 1 is between 1.5 and 4 millimeters and is preferably between 1.9 and 2.8 millimeters.

The different embodiments of the strip or sheet 1, the different layers of which have the above functional characteristics, will now be described successively.

According to the preferred embodiment represented in FIG. 2, the sandwich structure of the strip 1 comprises a layer of cylinder 4 constituted by a sheet of wires and / or longitudinal fibers 5 oriented in the direction A and each formed by a monofilament in one material based on polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, glass, metal or the like, a layer of connecting elastomer 6 0.7 mm thick arranged on the layer of cylinder 4, a layer 7 consisting of a layer of threads and / or transverse fibers of monofilaments in direction B, 0.35 mm thick, and made of a material based on polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, glass, metal or the like, and an elastomer working layer 8 d '' a thickness of 0.6 millimeter. The cylinder layer 4 has a thickness of 0.35 millimeters, so that the total thickness of the strip 1 is 2 millimeters. The layers 6 and 7 naturally form the intermediate bonding layers with properties of transverse stiffnesses in tension and in bending as defined above.

According to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the strip 1 comprises three layers where the cylinder layer 9 and the single intermediate layer 10 are combined together to form a technical weave fabric such as a grid, Malimo (registered trademark), Rachel (registered trademark), the cylinder layer 9 consisting of longitudinal wires and / or fibers 11 with longitudinal rigidity as set out above, each formed of multifilaments made of a material based on polyester, polyethylene, aramid, glass, carbon, metal or the like, various combinations of materials constituting the fibers 11 being possible. The intermediate layer 10 having the transverse stiffnesses in tension and in bending as defined above, is constituted by a sheet of son and / or fibers of monofilaments with a diameter of 0.35 millimeters oriented in the transverse direction B and in a material to base of polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, glass, carbon, metal or the like. The longitudinal wires and / or fibers 11 are assembled to each of the monofilaments of layer 10 by means of fine threads of polyester 12 or the like wound around each monofilament and having no functional role. The elastomer working layer 13 has a thickness of 0.85 millimeters while the cylinder layer 9 has a thickness of 0.87 millimeters so that the total thickness of the strip 1 is 2.07 millimeters.

The sandwich structure of the strip 1 forming the third embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 4A comprises five layers where the cylinder layer 9 and the adjacent intermediate layer 10 are identical to layers 9 and 10 of the second embodiment with, however the cylinder layer 9 having a thickness of 0.82 millimeters and the monofilament yarns and / or fibers of layer 10 with a diameter of 0.35 millimeters, so that the grid structure of layers 9 and 10 has a total thickness 1.17 millimeters. This strip structure also comprises two other intermediate layers disposed between the intermediate layer 10 and the working layer 13 and comprising an elastomer bonding layer 14 with a thickness of 0.18 millimeters and a layer 15 consisting of a canvas low modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal direction consisting of threads and / or transverse fibers of monofilaments 16 and flexible threads of cotton or polyester 17 joining the fibers 15 by passing above and below them. The son and / or transverse fibers 16 are made of a material based on polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, glass, carbon metal or the like. Of course, the three intermediate layers 10, 14, 15 contribute to the transverse stiffness in traction and in bending as mentioned previously. The monofilament yarns and / or fibers of the layer 15 have a diameter of 0.25 millimeters, the working layer 13 has a thickness of 0.55 millimeters so that the total thickness of the strip 1 is 2.15 millimeter. The composite structure represented in FIG. 4B is similar to that of FIG. 4A except with regard to the ply of the layer 9 formed of monofilament yarns and / or fibers 11.

FIG. 5A represents the fourth embodiment of the strip 1 comprising five layers with functional characteristics identical to those of the five layers of the embodiment shown in Figure 4A. This fourth embodiment differs from that of FIG. 4A only in the layer 10 constituted by a sheet of son and / or transverse fibers of multifilaments oriented in the direction B. According to this embodiment, the layer 9 has a thickness 0.82 millimeters, layer 10 is 0.22 millimeters thick, elastomer layer 14 is 0.15 millimeters thick, layer 15 is 0.39 millimeters thick, and working layer 13 has a thickness of 0.6 millimeters, which results in a total thickness of the strip 1 of 2.18 millimeters. The composite structure represented in FIG. 5B is similar to that of FIG. 5A except with regard to the ply of the layer 9 formed of monofilament yarns and / or fibers 11.

The fifth embodiment represented in FIG. 6 represents a structure with five layers of the strip 1 comprising three intermediate layers interposed between the cylinder layer 9 and the working layer 13 identical respectively to the cylinder layer 9 and to the working layer 13 of the embodiment of FIG. 4, except with regard to the thickness of the layer 9 in the present case of 0.8 millimeters for a total thickness of the layers 9 and 10 of 1.1 millimeters. The three intermediate layers comprise, successively from the cylinder layer 9 to the working layer 13, the layer 10 formed by a ply of monofilament yarns and / or fibers in the direction B identical to the ply of layer 10 in the figure 4, an elastomeric bonding layer 14 with a thickness of 0.25 millimeters and a layer 18 formed by a balanced fabric with a thickness of 0.40 millimeters with flexible wires 19, 20 in both the transverse and longitudinal directions of band 1 and made of cotton, polyester or the like. The working layer 13 has, as in the embodiment of FIG. 4, a thickness of 0.55 millimeter, which results in a total thickness of the strip 1 of 2.30 millimeters.

Other embodiments of the composite structure of the sheet 1 can be envisaged. Thus, each ply of yarns and / or fibers of the cylinder layer and / or of the intermediate layer can be formed from both monofilaments and multifilaments of the same material or of different materials. In addition, the multifilaments of each yarn and / or the aforementioned longitudinal and / or transverse fiber may be of the same material or of different materials.

The longitudinal and transverse multifilament or monofilament yarns and / or fibers of the layers of the various embodiments described above are impregnated with elastomer. The different layers of embodiments of the strip 1 are linked together by self-adhesion or using adhesion agents.

It will also be noted that the thickness values of the cylinder and intermediate layers defined in the various embodiments above are given in the case where the yarns and / or the fibers constituting these layers are made of polyester, it being understood that different thickness values will be adopted when these yarns and / or fibers are of a different material.

The composite structure of the strip 1 forming a textile printing blanket as defined in each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 to 6 considerably reduces the value of the cropping, the variations of which depending on the development of the sheet are always less than one tenth millimeter as shown in Figure 9.

More specifically, two of the embodiments of the strip 1, namely those represented in FIGS. 4A and 5A, were tested by way of example in comparison with two strips forming conventional textile printing blankets whose test results are shown in figure 8.

The machine which was used to control the various printing blankets above is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 7 and has already been described in detail in FR-B-2 672 879, corresponding to EP-A-0 500 467, in the name of the plaintiff.

This control machine comprises two cylinders 21, 22, one of which 21 is driven in rotation by a motor 23 so as to drive the strip 1 to be tested along the arrow F. An encoder 24 is mechanically connected to the motor shaft 23 and electrically connected by wiring 25 to two injection systems 26, 27 of dye, such as ink, and to a video camera 28.

A computer 29 is connected to the video camera 28 and allows the calculation of the cropping involved by the band 1.

For this, a strip of adhesive film (not shown) is bonded to the endless strip to be tested 1 in order to serve as a printing medium for the ink drops leaving the injection systems 26, 27. It will be noted that the encoder 24 gives the order to the injection systems 26, 27 for each movement p _i of the strip 1, to simultaneously print a drop a, b on the sheet 1, after which the cropping caused by the irregularities of the strip will be monitored by the camera 28, downstream of the injection system 27.

More precisely, the differences X _i between two drops a, b are measured by the camera 28 and each difference value between two drops is stored in the computer 29.

The computer 29 calculates the average of the different deviations x _i measured by the camera 28, that is to say: $$\text{X = 1 / n}\sum_{=\text{i = 1}}^{\text{not}} {\text{X}}_{\text{i}}$$

, pour donner la valeur di du décadrage, soit : $${\text{d}}_{\text{i}}{\text{= X}}_{\text{i}}\text{-}\overline{\text{X}}$$

The computer 29 then makes the difference between the difference X _i currently measured by the camera 28 and the above-mentioned average of the differences $\overline{\text{X}}$

, to give the value di of the cropping, that is: $${\text{d}}_{\text{i}}{\text{= X}}_{\text{i}}\text{-}\overline{\text{X}}$$

The screen of the computer 29 will thus visualize in the form of a curve the different values of d _i according to the position of the strip to be tested 1.

• distance L entre les deux systèmes d'injection 26, 27 : 3 mètres ;
• distance entre deux points de mesure, c'est-à-dire entre deux gouttes successives a et b : 0,5 mètre ; et
• tension de la bande 1 : 3,5 Kg/cm.

Thus, we see in Figure 8 two curves C1 and C2 illustrating the values of the cropping of two conventional textile printing sheets in function of the distance along each strip or sheet 1. These curves were obtained from the following parameters:

• distance L between the two injection systems 26, 27: 3 meters;
• distance between two measurement points, that is to say between two successive drops a and b: 0.5 meters; and
• belt tension 1: 3.5 Kg / cm.

It can thus be seen that, according to the curve obtained C1, the measured cropping varies between a negative value of approximately - 0.10 millimeter and a positive value of approximately 0.20 millimeter, while according to curve C2, the measured cropping varies between approximately - 0.3 mm and + 0.6 mm, values detrimental to the appearance of the printed fabric.

On the contrary, the curves C3 and C4 illustrated in FIG. 9 show that the values of the cropping vary between ± 0.08 millimeter (curve C3) for the strip 1 which is the subject of the embodiment of FIG. 4A (distance L between injection systems 26, 27 of 5 meters, distance between two measuring points of 0.5 meter and tape tension of 3.5 kg / cm) and between ± 0.05 millimeter (curve C4) for tape 1 making the object of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5A (distance L of 5 meters, distance between two measurement points of 0.5 meter and belt tension of 3.5 kg / cm).

Therefore, according to the invention, a strip forming a textile printing blanket was produced, allowing extremely low value trimming, in particular due to the relatively high longitudinal stiffness property of the cylinder layer. Of course, the invention is not limited only to a textile printing blanket, but can also be applied to any type of endless belt which has to transport or drive precisely, without lag, particular parts or objects. In addition, the external working layer 8, 13 of the embodiments described above is advantageously made of thermoplastic elastomer or of vulcanized elastomer.

Claims (19)

1. Element in the shape of an endless web used in particular as a textile printing blanket, characterized in that the endless web (1) is shaped to surround two cylinders (2;3) spaced from each other of a textile printing machine and comprises an internal cylinder layer (4;9) and at least one external elastomer layer (8;13), the internal cylinder layer (4;9) comprising a sheet of longitudinally oriented fibers and/or of longitudinally oriented threads (5), and having a longitudinal rigidity lying between 10⁶ and 10⁷ Newtons per meter (N/m), the endless web (1) also comprising one or several intermediate layers sandwiched between the working layer (8;13) and the cylinder layer (4;9) and contributing to the transverse tensile and bending rigidity of the element and in that the transverse tensile rigidity of the intermediate layer(s) is lying between about 10⁴ and 10⁸ N/m and the transverse bending rigidity of this intermediate layer(s) is at least 0.05 Nm/radian, so as to reduce the offset or misframing resulting from the endless web (1) to a value lower than 0.1 mm.
2. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforesaid longitudinal rigidity value is lying between 1.5 and 2.5x10⁶ N/m.
3. Element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the aforesaid cylinder layer (4) is constituted by a sheet of threads and/or of longitudinal fibres of monofilaments in a polyester-based, polyamide-based, polyethylene-based, aramide-based, glass-based, carbon-based, metal-based material or the like.
4. Element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the aforesaid cylinder layer (9) is constituted by a sheet of threads and/or of longitudinal fibres consisting each one of multifilaments and of a polyester-based, polyamide-based, polyethylene-based, aramide-based, glass-based, carbon-based, metal-based material or the like.
5. Element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cylinder layer (9) is constituted by a sheet of threads and/or of longitudinal fibres formed of both monofilaments and multifilaments (11) in the same material or in different materials.
6. Element according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the multi filaments of each thread and/or longitudinal fibre of the cylinder layer (9) are in the same material or in different materials.
7. Element according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the aforesaid working layer (8;13) is in an elastomer with a Young modulus lying between about 1.0 and 500 Megapascals (MPa) and preferably between 5 and 100 MPa.
8. Element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises two intermediate layers (6,7) consisting of a sheet of threads and/or of transverse fibres of monofilaments (7) and of an elastomer layer (6) for connection between the sheet of threads and/or transverse fibres (7) and the cylinder layer (4).
9. Element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises an intermediate layer (10) consisting of a sheet of threads and/or of transverse fibres of monofilaments.
10. Element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises three intermediate layers (10, 14, 15) consisting successively towards the working layer (13), of a sheet of threads and/or of transverse fibres of monofilaments (10), of a connecting elastomer layer (14) and of a cloth with a small modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal direction, consisting of threads and/or of transverse fibres of monofilaments (16) joined to each other by flexible cotton or polyester threads (17) above and below the said threads and/or fibres (16).
11. Element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises three intermediate layers (10, 14, 15) consisting successively towards the working layer (13), of a sheet of threads and/or of transverse fibres (10) consisting each one of multifilaments, of a connecting elastomer layer (14) and of a cloth with a small modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal direction, consisting of threads and/or of transverse fibres of monofilaments (16) joined to each other by flexible cotton or polyester threads (17) above and below the said threads and/or fibres (16).
12. Element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises three intermediate layers (10, 14, 15) consisting successively towards the working layer (13), of a sheet of threads and/or of transverse fibres of monofilaments (10), of a connecting elastomer layer (14) and of a balanced cloth (19) with flexible threads (20) in both transverse and longitudinal directions and made from cotton, polyester or the like.
13. Element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the aforesaid intermediate layers consists of a sheet of threads and/or of transverse fibres formed of both monofilaments and multifilaments in the same material or in different materials.
14. Element according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the aforesaid multifilaments of each thread and/or of transverse fibre of an intermediate layer are in the same material or in different materials.
15. Element according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the threads and/or aforesaid transverse fibres are made from a polyester-based, polyamide-based, polyethylene-based, glass-based, carbon-based, metal-based material or the like.
16. Element according to one of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that the threads and/or longitudinal fibres of the aforesaid cylinder layer and the threads and/or transverse fibres of the aforesaid intermediate layers are impregnated with elastomer.
17. Element according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the aforesaid cylinder layer has a thickness lying between about 0.2 and 1.5 millimetre, preferably between about 0.3 and 0.9 millimetre, the working layer has a thickness lying between about 0.1 and 1.0 millimetre, preferably between about 0.5 and 0.7 millimetre and the total thickness of the element is lying between about 1.5 and 4 millimetres, preferably between about 1.9 and 2.8 millimetres.
18. Element according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the aforesaid different layers are connected to each other by self-adhesion or by adhesion agents.
19. Element according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the external layer (8;13) is in a thermoplastic elastomer or in a cured elastomer.

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