EP0563453A1 - Method for making a water- and/or oil-impervious liner containing expansive clay - Google Patents
Method for making a water- and/or oil-impervious liner containing expansive clay Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0563453A1 EP0563453A1 EP92121653A EP92121653A EP0563453A1 EP 0563453 A1 EP0563453 A1 EP 0563453A1 EP 92121653 A EP92121653 A EP 92121653A EP 92121653 A EP92121653 A EP 92121653A EP 0563453 A1 EP0563453 A1 EP 0563453A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- fabric
- swellable clay
- bentonite
- nonwoven
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/16—Sealings or joints
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/004—Sealing liners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3707—Woven fabric including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
- Y10T442/3724—Needled
- Y10T442/3764—Coated, impregnated, or autogenously bonded
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/494—Including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
- Y10T442/666—Mechanically interengaged by needling or impingement of fluid [e.g., gas or liquid stream, etc.]
- Y10T442/667—Needled
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water and / or oil impermeable sealing mat which essentially consists of a layer of swellable clay provided with cover layers.
- Such a sealing mat is known from European patent 0 059 625, in which a flexible carrier layer carries a bentonite layer, on which in turn a cover layer can be located. All three layers, i.e. the backing layer, which can be a nonwoven fabric, the bentonite layer and the cover layer, which can be an unspecified mat, are connected to one another by means of an adhesive.
- the backing layer and the top layer are only connected to one another via the bentonite layer, so that when used, due to the adhesive bond which is released when the bentonite layer becomes moist, there is no firm connection between the backing layer and the top layer.
- This sealing mat essentially consists of a backing layer, a layer of swellable clay and a top layer, the backing and / or top layer consisting of a nonwoven fabric and the layer which may not consist of a nonwoven fabric consisting of a woven fabric, knitted fabric or a plastic film, whereby all three layers are needled together.
- the carrier layer and the top layer remain by the needling also during and after the swelling of the swellable clay firmly connected, the bentonite particles being enclosed by the fibers which extend from the cover layer through the bentonite layer to the carrier layer and vice versa, as in a cage.
- this own German patent specification 37 04 503 already states that a reduction in the water permeability of these sealing mats can be achieved by first applying a floury bentonite to the support layer and, if necessary, shaking it and only then applying the granular bentonite granules. Instead of shaking the floury bentonite into the carrier layer, one can also proceed by first impregnating the carrier layer with an aqueous bentonite suspension or rolling on an aqueous bentonite paste and only then, if necessary after prior drying, applying the granular bentonite granules. If desired, the top layer can also be treated in the same way as the carrier layer before it is applied.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method by which it is possible to fill the carrier and / or cover layer consisting of nonwoven fabric with powdered or granular swellable clay, in particular with powdered bentonite, in such a way that not only achieves an excellent sealing effect in the overlap area, but that the filling, in particular in the top layer of the finished sealing mat, is in such a state that it prevents the swellable clay or bentonite introduced when rolling up, during storage, during transport and / or falls out or dusts out of the nonwoven layers when rolled out.
- the backing and / or cover layer consists of a nonwoven fabric, into which additional swellable clay applied from the outside is also needled during the needling of the three layers and which is subsequently moistened and then dried again, wherein a fiber-reinforced skin is formed from swellable clay, which is firmly connected to the overall structure.
- At least one layer consists of a nonwoven fabric and the swellable clay applied to it during the needling process, the outside is also needled into the nonwoven, and then the top layer provided with the needled, swellable clay is swollen with water and then dried again.
- the present invention thus relates to a process for the continuous production of a water- and / or oil-impermeable sealing mat which essentially consists of a carrier layer, a layer of swellable clay, in particular bentonite, and a cover layer, at least one of the layers being a nonwoven and whereby the dry powdery or granular swellable clay is applied to the backing layer, the top layer is laid over it and the three-layer material obtained is passed through a needle chair for the needling of backing layer and top layer, which is characterized in that prior to the needling on the top of the nonwoven fabric applying the existing top layer of powdery swellable clay, needling the four-layer laminate obtained, then moistening the swellable clay needled in the top layer with water and then drying again, and if appropriate subsequently subsequently carrying the carrier treats.
- the cover layer consists of a nonwoven fabric and the carrier layer consists of a fabric or a film, the use of a fabric being preferred.
- a fabric being preferred.
- plastic films but also paper, preferably sodium kraft paper, are suitable as films.
- the fabrics used according to the invention When using floury bentonite, the fabrics used according to the invention must be woven so tightly that even finely powdered bentonite with particle sizes in the ⁇ m range cannot penetrate the fabric.
- a ribbon fabric is preferably used.
- Humidification with water can be done with cold, warm or hot water or with steam.
- the sealing mats produced according to the invention are also outstandingly suitable as sealing safety underlays under a waterproof covering made of plastic film.
- a waterproof covering made of plastic film In the event of injury to such a plastic film, e.g. due to the formation of holes or cracks, the water penetrating through this leak causes the swellable clay in the sealing mat produced according to the invention, which is preferably a naturally occurring sodium bentonite, to swell and thus to close the leak in a quasi "self-healing process".
- the nonwovens used preferably consist of quality plastic fibers, in particular of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyacrylic and / or polyamide fibers.
- Nonwovens made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene are particularly preferred in the field of landfill technology. They are rot-proof (resistant) to all substances found in water and in the ground and thus demonstrably guarantee an extremely long life. Their extremely high tensile strength means that they are largely insensitive to mechanical stress.
- the nonwovens used are preferably spunbond nonwovens mechanically consolidated by needling. They are constructed in such a way that the crimped fibers form a flat structure with innumerable labyrinthine passages.
- the structure of the nonwovens can be varied depending on the area of application set coarser or finer so that an optimal adaptation to the requirements is guaranteed.
- the mechanical strengthening guarantees a framework structure that is essential for the purposes of the invention.
- the nonwovens mechanically consolidated by needling it is also possible to use those nonwovens which have been mechanically consolidated by means of sewing technology or by swirling, or those nonwovens which have been chemically consolidated.
- a carrier layer made of nonwoven fabric, woven fabric, knitted fabric and / or film is used, the film being a plastic film, a plastic film or paper reinforced with fabric, preferably a sodium kraft paper, and a porous structure a coarse-pore chemically or mechanically consolidated or only partially consolidated nonwoven or a non-consolidated fiber-crossed carded nonwoven or a tangled nonwoven, in contrast to the embodiments described above, no layer of swellable clay is applied directly to the carrier layer, but only in a correspondingly larger amount the porous structure is applied or introduced, preferably using a naturally occurring sodium bentonite in powdered or granular powder form as a swellable clay.
- the fabric thus obtained is then passed through appropriate needle chairs, the swellable clay being incorporated into the porous structure and the porous structure itself being mechanically solidified as in the conventional needling technique. Solidification can also take place by means of knitting and / or sewing technology. Subsequently, the sheet obtained on the side on which the bentonite was applied is moistened with water on both sides.
- the fabric consolidated by means of the needling technique is then sprayed with water on the top and / or bottom and then dried. Drying can be carried out, for example, by means of infrared radiation or by passing the web through an oven or a hot air duct. For various applications it can be advantageous if the bentonite retains a certain residual moisture.
- the sealing mat obtained in this way can then either be used with the carrier layer as a sealing mat or the paper layer is removed and the embedded clay is swollen with water from this side and dried. Such a product naturally results in an optimal seal in the overlap area.
- the paper web is removed only at the edges and in a width that corresponds to the overlap width. This technique can also be used in the other embodiments described above, in which paper is used as the carrier layer.
- the sealing sheets according to the invention are used in particular as seals for groundwater protection and are preferably used as a mineral component of a combination seal in connection with plastic sealing sheets.
- the sealing sheets according to the invention bring about a self-healing effect with respect to the damaged plastic sealing sheet.
- a roll of ribbon fabric with a width of 4 m is unrolled over a winding block and fed to a needle chair as a carrier layer.
- an amount of approx. 3,500 g / m2 bentonite powder is applied to the ribbon fabric serving as the backing layer.
- a roll of nonwoven (6.7 dtex fibers) is fed to the bentonite layer as a top layer via a further winding block.
- Bentonite powder in an amount of 1,500 g / m2 is also applied to this top layer.
- the needle chair has several needle boards. Each needle board is equipped with thousands of needles. The needle boards are moved up and down very quickly (up to approx. 1,000 strokes per minute). The needles with notches pierce all layers, the notches ensuring that the individual fibers are intertwined with one another, so that a firm bond is created in which the bentonite particles are virtually encapsulated. As a result of the needling process, part of the bentonite also penetrates from the bentonite intermediate layer into the cover layer, insofar as space is still available there.
- the top layer is moistened with water from above, in an amount of approximately 300 g / m 2 and then dried again, which is advantageously carried out using infrared radiators.
- the sealing mat obtained in this way makes the top layer appear in the form of a coherent, fiber-reinforced skin that fulfills the task.
- a PP tape fabric (100 g / m2) is covered with a 350 g / m2 carded pile and then 3000 g / m2 activated sodium bentonite is sprinkled in.
- the fiber web filled with bentonite and the base fabric are passed through a needle chair and mechanically consolidated.
- the non-woven fabric filled with bentonite is then sprayed with 300 ml / m2 of water to fix the bentonite on the top and dried for 2 minutes at 300 ° C. using an infrared heater.
- the water treatment forms a coherent, fiber-reinforced "elephant skin”.
- nonwovens for the production of sealing mats according to this example it is of course also possible to use nonwovens, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and / or foils of any raw material and any surface masses and combinations thereof as the carrier layer.
- the basis weight and the raw material as well as the fiber fineness of the cardboard pile or the random fiber nonwoven can also be varied depending on the field of application.
- the bentonite or the swellable clay can be applied both in powder form and in granulate form.
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine wasser- und/oder ölundurchlässige Dichtungsmatte, die im wesentlichen aus einer mit Deckschichten versehenen Schicht aus quellfähigem Ton besteht.The present invention relates to a water and / or oil impermeable sealing mat which essentially consists of a layer of swellable clay provided with cover layers.
Eine derartige Dichtungsmatte ist aus der europäischen Patentschrift 0 059 625 bekannt, bei der eine flexible Trägerschicht eine Bentonitschicht trägt, auf der sich wiederum eine Deckschicht befinden kann. Alle drei Schichten, d.h. die Trägerschicht, die ein Vliesstoff sein kann, die Bentonitschicht und die Abdeckschicht, die eine nicht näher definierte Matte sein kann, sind mittels eines Klebstoffes miteinander verbunden. Bei einem solchen Produkt sind die Trägerschicht und die Deckschicht nur über die Bentonitschicht miteinander verbunden, so daß beim Einsatz aufgrund der Verklebung, die beim Feuchtwerden der Bentonitschicht gelöst wird, keine feste Verbindung zwischen Trägerschicht und Deckschicht vorhanden ist. Dies macht sich insbesondere beim bestimmungsgemäßen Einsatz nachteilig bemerkbar, da die Bentonitschicht im Kontakt mit Wasser ungehindert in alle Richtungen in starkem Maße quillt und dabei eine Bentonitschicht gebildet wird, die wie ein Gleitfilm zwischen Träger- und Deckschicht wirkt, was sich insbesondere nachteilig beim Verlegen derartiger Dichtungsbahnen an Böschungen bemerkbar macht.Such a sealing mat is known from European patent 0 059 625, in which a flexible carrier layer carries a bentonite layer, on which in turn a cover layer can be located. All three layers, i.e. the backing layer, which can be a nonwoven fabric, the bentonite layer and the cover layer, which can be an unspecified mat, are connected to one another by means of an adhesive. In such a product, the backing layer and the top layer are only connected to one another via the bentonite layer, so that when used, due to the adhesive bond which is released when the bentonite layer becomes moist, there is no firm connection between the backing layer and the top layer. This is particularly noticeable when used as intended, since the bentonite layer swells to a great extent in all directions when in contact with water and a bentonite layer is formed which acts like a sliding film between the carrier and cover layers, which is particularly disadvantageous when laying such Geomembranes on embankments.
Um den Hauptnachteil dieser Dichtungsmatten zu beseitigen, wurde bereits von der Anmelderin eine Dichtungsmatte entwickelt, die in der eigenen deutschen Patentschrift 37 04 503 beschrieben ist. Diese Dichtungsmatte besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Trägerschicht, einer Schicht aus quellfähigem Ton und einer Deckschicht, wobei die Träger- und/oder Deckschicht aus einem Vliesstoff und die gegebenenfalls nicht aus einem Vliesstoff bestehenden Schicht aus einem Gewebe, Gewirke oder einer Kunststoff-Folie besteht, wobei alle drei Schichten miteinander vernadelt sind. Bei einer solchen Dichtungsmatte bleiben die Trägerschicht und die Deckschicht durch die Vernadelung auch beim und nach dem Aufquellen des quellfähigen Tons fest verbunden, wobei die Bentonitteilchen durch die Fasern, die sich von der Deckschicht durch die Bentonitschicht bis in die Trägerschicht erstrecken, und umgekehrt, wie in einem Käfig eingeschlossen sind. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, daß beim Gebrauch dieser Dichtungsmatte die feuchte Bentonitschicht nicht als Gleitebene fungieren kann und es zu einer echten Schubkraftübertragung von der Deckschicht zur Trägerschicht kommt, so daß z. B. an Böschungen ein Abrutschen der aus Kies bzw. Geröll bestehenden Beschwerungsschicht nicht zu befürchten ist. Außerdem ist in dieser eigenen deutschen Patentschrift 37 04 503 bereits angegeben, daß sich eine Verminderung der Wasserdurchlässigkeit dieser Dichtungsmatten dadurch erreichen läßt, daß man bei der Herstellung zunächst auf die Trägerschicht einen mehligen Bentonit aufbringt und gegebenenfalls einrüttelt und dann erst das körnige Bentonitgranulat aufbringt. Anstelle des Einrüttelns des mehligen Bentonits in die Trägerschicht kann man auch so verfahren, daß man die Trägerschicht zunächst mit einer wässrigen Bentonit-Suspension imprägniert oder eine wässrige Bentonitpaste aufwalzt und dann erst, gegebenenfalls nach vorheriger Trocknung, das körnige Bentonitgranulat aufbringt. Gewünschtenfalls kann man die Deckschicht vor ihrer Aufbringung ebenfalls in der vorstehenden Weise wie die Trägerschicht behandeln.In order to eliminate the main disadvantage of these sealing mats, the applicant has already developed a sealing mat which is described in its own German patent specification 37 04 503. This sealing mat essentially consists of a backing layer, a layer of swellable clay and a top layer, the backing and / or top layer consisting of a nonwoven fabric and the layer which may not consist of a nonwoven fabric consisting of a woven fabric, knitted fabric or a plastic film, whereby all three layers are needled together. With such a sealing mat, the carrier layer and the top layer remain by the needling also during and after the swelling of the swellable clay firmly connected, the bentonite particles being enclosed by the fibers which extend from the cover layer through the bentonite layer to the carrier layer and vice versa, as in a cage. This ensures that when using this sealing mat, the wet bentonite layer can not act as a sliding plane and there is a real transfer of thrust from the cover layer to the carrier layer, so that, for. B. on slopes a slipping of the existing gravel or debris weighting layer is not to be feared. In addition, this own German patent specification 37 04 503 already states that a reduction in the water permeability of these sealing mats can be achieved by first applying a floury bentonite to the support layer and, if necessary, shaking it and only then applying the granular bentonite granules. Instead of shaking the floury bentonite into the carrier layer, one can also proceed by first impregnating the carrier layer with an aqueous bentonite suspension or rolling on an aqueous bentonite paste and only then, if necessary after prior drying, applying the granular bentonite granules. If desired, the top layer can also be treated in the same way as the carrier layer before it is applied.
Trotz dieser Behandlung und selbst wenn man zusätzlich die wie vorstehend beschriebenen mit Bentonit durch Einrütteln oder Imprägnieren vorbehandelten Träger- und Deckschichten einsetzt, zeigen Untersuchungen im Feld und im Labor, daß im Überlappungsbereich durch die in diesem Bereich übereinander zu liegen kommenden feinporigen Vliesstoffe noch nicht ganz die Wasserdurchlässigkeitsbeiwerte erreicht werden, wie die der Dichtungsmatte selbst. Dies ist sicherlich darauf zurückzuführen, weil die feinporigen Vliesstoffe nicht vollständig mit Bentonit gefüllt sind, z.B. dadurch, daß das Bentonitpulver bzw. die Bentonitpaste bzw. die Bentonitaufschlämmung nicht vollständig in die Zwischenräume des Vliesstoffes eindringt oder ein Teil des eingebrachten feinpulvrigen Bentonits beim Aufrollen, bei der Lagerung, beim Transport und beim Ausrollen und Verlegen aus dem Vliesstoff herausgefallen ist. Wahrscheinlich ist dies auch der Grund, warum die wie vorstehend beschriebenen, mit Bentonit durch Einrütteln vorbehandelten Träger- und Deckschichten allein noch nicht hundertprozentig die Anforderungen erfüllen, die gute Dichtungsmatten erfüllen sollten.Despite this treatment and even if one additionally uses the carrier and cover layers pretreated with bentonite by shaking or impregnation as described above, studies in the field and in the laboratory show that in the overlap area the fine-pored nonwovens that lie one above the other in this area are not yet quite the water permeability coefficients are achieved, like that of the sealing mat itself. This is certainly due to the fact that the fine-pored nonwovens are not completely filled with bentonite, for example because the bentonite powder or the bentonite paste or the bentonite slurry does not penetrate completely into the interstices of the nonwoven fabric or part of the fine-powdered bentonite introduced when it is rolled up , has fallen out of the nonwoven during storage, transportation and when rolling out and laying. This is probably also the reason why the carrier and cover layers pretreated with bentonite by vibrating as described above alone do not meet the requirements that good sealing mats should meet.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, mit dem es möglich ist, die aus Vliesstoff bestehende Träger- und/oder Deckschicht in der Weise mit pulver- oder granulatförmigem quellfähigem Ton, insbesondere mit pulverförmigem Bentonit, zu füllen, daß man nicht nur im Überlappungsbereich einen hervorragenden Dichtungseffekt erzielt, sondern daß die Füllung, insbesondere in der Deckschicht der fertigen Dichtungsmatte, in einem solchen Zustand vorliegt, daß vermieden wird, daß der eingebrachte quellfähige Ton bzw. der Bentonit beim Aufrollen, bei der Lagerung, beim Transport und/oder beim Ausrollen aus den Vliesstoffschichten herausfällt bzw. herausstaubt.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method by which it is possible to fill the carrier and / or cover layer consisting of nonwoven fabric with powdered or granular swellable clay, in particular with powdered bentonite, in such a way that not only achieves an excellent sealing effect in the overlap area, but that the filling, in particular in the top layer of the finished sealing mat, is in such a state that it prevents the swellable clay or bentonite introduced when rolling up, during storage, during transport and / or falls out or dusts out of the nonwoven layers when rolled out.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung dadurch, daß die Träger- und/oder Deckschicht aus einem Vliesstoff besteht, in den während der Vernadelung der drei Schichten zusätzlich von außen aufgebrachter quellfähiger Ton mit eingenadelt wird und der anschließend befeuchtet und danach wieder getrocknet wird, wobei eine faserverstärkte Haut aus quellfähigem Ton gebildet wird, die fest mit dem Gesamtgebilde verbunden ist.This object is achieved according to the present invention in that the backing and / or cover layer consists of a nonwoven fabric, into which additional swellable clay applied from the outside is also needled during the needling of the three layers and which is subsequently moistened and then dried again, wherein a fiber-reinforced skin is formed from swellable clay, which is firmly connected to the overall structure.
Erfindungswesentlich ist, daß zumindest eine Schicht aus einem Vliesstoff besteht und der darauf aufgebrachte quellfähige Ton während des Vernadelungsprozesses in den Vliesstoff von außen mit eingenadelt wird, und daß danach die mit dem eingenadelten quell fähigen Ton versehene Deckschicht mit Wasser aufgequollen und danach wieder getrocknet wird.It is essential to the invention that at least one layer consists of a nonwoven fabric and the swellable clay applied to it during the needling process, the outside is also needled into the nonwoven, and then the top layer provided with the needled, swellable clay is swollen with water and then dried again.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist somit ein Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung einer wasser- und/oder ölundurchlässigen Dichtungsmatte, die im wesentlichen aus einer Trägerschicht, einer Schicht aus quellfähigem Ton, insbesondere Bentonit, und einer Deckschicht besteht, wobei mindestens eine der Schichten ein Vliesstof ist und wobei man auf die Trägerschicht den trockenen pulverförmigen oder granulatförmigen quellfähigen Ton aufbringt, die Deckschicht darüberlegt und den erhaltenen Drei-Schichtstoff durch einen Nadelstuhl zwecks Vernadelung von Trägerschicht und Deckschicht führt, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man vor der Vernadelung auf die Oberseite der aus Vliesstoff bestehenden Deckschicht pulverförmigen quellfähigen Ton aufbringt, den erhaltenen Vier-Schichtstoff vernadelt, dann den in der Deckschicht eingenadelten quellfähigen Ton mit Wasser befeuchtet und dann wieder trocknet, und gegebenenfalls anschließend in entsprechender Weise die Trägerschicht behandelt.The present invention thus relates to a process for the continuous production of a water- and / or oil-impermeable sealing mat which essentially consists of a carrier layer, a layer of swellable clay, in particular bentonite, and a cover layer, at least one of the layers being a nonwoven and whereby the dry powdery or granular swellable clay is applied to the backing layer, the top layer is laid over it and the three-layer material obtained is passed through a needle chair for the needling of backing layer and top layer, which is characterized in that prior to the needling on the top of the nonwoven fabric applying the existing top layer of powdery swellable clay, needling the four-layer laminate obtained, then moistening the swellable clay needled in the top layer with water and then drying again, and if appropriate subsequently subsequently carrying the carrier treats.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht die Deckschicht aus einem Vliesstoff und die Trägerschicht aus einem Gewebe oder aus einer Folie, wobei der Einsatz eines Gewebes bevorzugt wird. Als Folie kommen nicht nur Kunststoff-Folien, sondern auch Papier, vorzugsweise Natron Kraftpapier, in Frage.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cover layer consists of a nonwoven fabric and the carrier layer consists of a fabric or a film, the use of a fabric being preferred. Not only plastic films, but also paper, preferably sodium kraft paper, are suitable as films.
Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Gewebe müssen im Falle des Einsatzes von mehligem Bentonit so dicht gewebt sein, daß selbst feinstpulvriger Bentonit mit Teilchengrößen im µm-Bereich das Gewebe nicht durchdringen kann. Vorzugsweise setzt man ein Bändchengewebe ein.When using floury bentonite, the fabrics used according to the invention must be woven so tightly that even finely powdered bentonite with particle sizes in the μm range cannot penetrate the fabric. A ribbon fabric is preferably used.
Das Befeuchten mit Wasser kann mit kaltem, warmem oder heißem Wasser oder mit Wasserdampf erfolgen.Humidification with water can be done with cold, warm or hot water or with steam.
Bei der Verlegung einer erfindungsgemäß unter Verwendung von Geweben als Trägerschicht hergestellten Dichtungsmatte, bei der die Deckschicht aus einem mit Bentonit gefüllten Vliesstoff besteht, ist ebenfalls gewährleistet, daß im Überlappungsbereich praktisch die gleichen Wasserundurchlässigkeitswerte gelten wie für die Dichtungsmatte selbst.When laying a sealing mat produced according to the invention using fabrics as a carrier layer, in which the cover layer consists of a non-woven fabric filled with bentonite, it is also ensured that practically the same water-impermeability values apply in the overlapping area as for the sealing mat itself.
Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Dichtungsmatten eignen sich auch hervorragend als Dichtungssicherheitsunterlagen unter einem wasserdichten Belag aus Kunststoff-Folie. Im Falle einer Verletzung einer solchen Kunststoff-Folie, z.B. durch Loch- oder Rißbildung, bewirkt das durch diese undichte Stelle hindurchdringende Wasser, daß der in der erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Dichtungsmatte befindliche quellfähige Ton, der vorzugsweise ein natürlich vorkommender Natrium-Bentonit ist, quillt und damit die undichte Stelle in einem quasi "Selbstheilungsprozeß" verschließt.The sealing mats produced according to the invention are also outstandingly suitable as sealing safety underlays under a waterproof covering made of plastic film. In the event of injury to such a plastic film, e.g. due to the formation of holes or cracks, the water penetrating through this leak causes the swellable clay in the sealing mat produced according to the invention, which is preferably a naturally occurring sodium bentonite, to swell and thus to close the leak in a quasi "self-healing process".
Die verwendeten Vliesstoffe bestehen vorzugsweise aus QualitätsKunststoff-Fasern, insbesondere aus Polyethylen-, Polypropylen-, Polyester-, Polyacryl- und/oder Polyamidfasern. Besonders bevorzugt im Einsatzgebiet der Deponietechnik sind Vliesstoffe aus Polyethylen hoher Dichte (HDPE) oder Polypropylen, die verrottungsfest (resistent) gegen alle im Gewässer und im Boden vorkommenden Substanzen sind und somit nachweislich eine extrem hohe Lebensdauer gewährleisten. Ihre überaus hohe Reißfestigkeit bewirkt eine weitgehende Unempfindlichkeit gegen mechanische Beanspruchungen.The nonwovens used preferably consist of quality plastic fibers, in particular of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyacrylic and / or polyamide fibers. Nonwovens made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene are particularly preferred in the field of landfill technology. They are rot-proof (resistant) to all substances found in water and in the ground and thus demonstrably guarantee an extremely long life. Their extremely high tensile strength means that they are largely insensitive to mechanical stress.
Im Aufbau handelt es sich bei den eingesetzten Vliesstoffen vorzugsweise um durch Vernadelung mechanisch verfestigte Spinnfaservliese. Sie sind so aufgebaut, daß die gekräuselt zusammengefügten Fasern ein Flächengebilde mit unzähligen labyrinthartigen Gängen bilden. Das Gefüge der Vliesstoffe läßt sich je nach Einsatzgebiet gröber oder feiner einstellen, so daß eine optimale Anpassung an die gestellten Anforderungen gewährleistet ist. Die mechanische Verfestigung garantiert eine Gerüststruktur, die für die erfindungsgemäßen Zwecke von wesentlicher Bedeutung ist. Anstelle der durch Vernadelung mechanisch verfestigten Vliesstoffe kann man auch solche Vliesstoffe einsetzen, die mittels der Nähwirktechnik oder durch Verwirbelung mechanisch verfestigt wurden, oder solche Vliesstoffe, die chemisch verfestigt wurden.In terms of structure, the nonwovens used are preferably spunbond nonwovens mechanically consolidated by needling. They are constructed in such a way that the crimped fibers form a flat structure with innumerable labyrinthine passages. The structure of the nonwovens can be varied depending on the area of application set coarser or finer so that an optimal adaptation to the requirements is guaranteed. The mechanical strengthening guarantees a framework structure that is essential for the purposes of the invention. Instead of the nonwovens mechanically consolidated by needling, it is also possible to use those nonwovens which have been mechanically consolidated by means of sewing technology or by swirling, or those nonwovens which have been chemically consolidated.
Gemäß einer abgewandelten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform arbeitet man mit einer Trägerschicht aus Vliesstoff, Gewebe, Gewirke und/oder Folie, wobei die Folie eine Kunststoff-Folie, eine mit Gewebe verstärkte Kunststoff-Folie oder Papier, vorzugsweise einem Natron Kraftpapier ist, und einem porösen Gebilde aus einem grobporigen chemisch oder mechanisch verfestigten oder nur teilweise verfestigten Vliesstoff oder aus einem nicht verfestigten fasergekreuzten Krempelvlies oder einem Wirrfaservlies, wobei man im Gegensatz zu den vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen auf die Trägerschicht direkt keine Schicht aus quellfähigem Ton aufbringt, sondern diesen in entsprechend größerer Menge nur auf das poröse Gebilde auf- bzw. einbringt, wobei man vorzugsweise als quellfähigen Ton einen natürlich vorkommenden Natrium-Bentonit in pulver- oder granulatpulvriger Form einsetzt. Das so erhaltene Flächengebilde führt man dann durch entsprechende Nadelstühle, wobei einerseits der quellfähige Ton in das poröse Gebilde eingearbeitet und das poröse Gebilde selbst mechanisch wie bei der üblichen Vernadelungstechnik verfestigt wird. Die Verfestigung kann aber auch mittels Wirkund/oder Nähwirktechnik erfolgen. Im Anschluß davon wird das erhaltene Flächengebilde der Seite, auf der der Bentonit aufgetragen wurde, auf beiden Seiten mit Wasser befeuchtet.According to a modified embodiment of the invention, a carrier layer made of nonwoven fabric, woven fabric, knitted fabric and / or film is used, the film being a plastic film, a plastic film or paper reinforced with fabric, preferably a sodium kraft paper, and a porous structure a coarse-pore chemically or mechanically consolidated or only partially consolidated nonwoven or a non-consolidated fiber-crossed carded nonwoven or a tangled nonwoven, in contrast to the embodiments described above, no layer of swellable clay is applied directly to the carrier layer, but only in a correspondingly larger amount the porous structure is applied or introduced, preferably using a naturally occurring sodium bentonite in powdered or granular powder form as a swellable clay. The fabric thus obtained is then passed through appropriate needle chairs, the swellable clay being incorporated into the porous structure and the porous structure itself being mechanically solidified as in the conventional needling technique. Solidification can also take place by means of knitting and / or sewing technology. Subsequently, the sheet obtained on the side on which the bentonite was applied is moistened with water on both sides.
Im Falle der Vernadelungstechnik kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn man Nadelstühle hintereinander anordnet, von denen einer mit Nadeln bestückt ist, deren Widerhaken nach unten gerichtet sind, und der andere mit solchen Nadeln bestückt ist, deren Widerhaken nach oben gerichtet sind. Man kann aber auch Kombinationsnadelstühle einsetzen, die gleichzeitig mit beiden Arten von Nadeln bestückt sind.In the case of needling technology, it can be advantageous to arrange needle chairs one behind the other, one of which with Needles are equipped, the barbs of which are directed downwards, and the other is equipped with such needles, the barbs of which are directed upwards. But you can also use combination needle chairs that are equipped with both types of needles at the same time.
Das mittels der Vernadelungstechnik verfestigte Flächengebilde wird dann auf der Ober- und/oder Unterseite mit Wasser besprüht und anschließend getrocknet. Die Trocknung kann beispielsweise mittels Infrarotbestrahlung erfolgen oder indem man die Bahn durch einen Ofen oder einen Heizluftkanal leitet. Für verschiedene Anwendungszwecke kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn der Bentonit eine gewisse Restfeuchte behält.The fabric consolidated by means of the needling technique is then sprayed with water on the top and / or bottom and then dried. Drying can be carried out, for example, by means of infrared radiation or by passing the web through an oven or a hot air duct. For various applications it can be advantageous if the bentonite retains a certain residual moisture.
Die so erhaltene Dichtungsmatte kann dann entweder mit der Trägerschicht als Dichtungsmatte eingesetzt werden oder aber man entfernt die Papierschicht und quillt den eingelagerten Ton auch von dieser Seite mit Wasser an und trocknet. Ein solches Produkt ergibt natürlich im Überlappungsbereich eine optimale Dichtung. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Variation entfernt man die Papierbahn nur an den Rändern und zwar in einer Breite, die der Überlappungsbreite entspricht. Diese Technik kann man auch bei den anderen vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen anwenden, bei denen Papier als Trägerschicht zum Einsatz kommt.The sealing mat obtained in this way can then either be used with the carrier layer as a sealing mat or the paper layer is removed and the embedded clay is swollen with water from this side and dried. Such a product naturally results in an optimal seal in the overlap area. According to a preferred variation, the paper web is removed only at the edges and in a width that corresponds to the overlap width. This technique can also be used in the other embodiments described above, in which paper is used as the carrier layer.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungsbahnen finden insbesondere Verwendung als Abdichtungen für den Grundwasserschutz und dienen dabei vorzugsweise als mineralische Komponente einer Kombinationsabdichtung in Verbindung mit Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen. Im Falle einer stellenweisen Leckage bzw. Perforation der sie bedeckenden Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen bewirken die erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungsbahnen, wie bereits erwähnt, einen Selbstheilungseffekt in Bezug auf die beschädigte Kunststoffdichtungsbahn.The sealing sheets according to the invention are used in particular as seals for groundwater protection and are preferably used as a mineral component of a combination seal in connection with plastic sealing sheets. In the event of partial leakage or perforation of the plastic sealing sheets covering them, the sealing sheets according to the invention, as already mentioned, bring about a self-healing effect with respect to the damaged plastic sealing sheet.
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird anhand der nachfolgenden Beispiele erläutert, ohne sie jedoch darauf einzuschränken.The present invention is illustrated by the following examples, but without restricting it thereto.
Eine Rolle Bändchengewebe mit einer Breite von 4 m wird über einen Wickelblock abgerollt und als Trägerschicht einem Nadelstuhl zuzuführt. Während des Abrollvorganges wird eine Menge von ca. 3.500 g/m² Bentonit-Pulver auf das als Trägerschicht dienende Bändchengewebe aufgebracht. Gleichzeitig wird eine Rolle Vliesstoff (6,7 dtex Fasern) über einen weiteren Wickelblock als Deckschicht der Bentonit-Schicht zugeführt. Auf diese Deckschicht wird zusätzlich Bentonit-Pulver in einer Menge von 1.500 g/m² aufgebracht. Diese 4 Schichten durchlaufen dann den Nadelstuhl, wobei das oben auf der Deckschicht befindliche Bentonit-Pulver in die Deckschicht eingenadelt und die Schichten miteinandern mechanisch fest verbunden werden.A roll of ribbon fabric with a width of 4 m is unrolled over a winding block and fed to a needle chair as a carrier layer. During the unwinding process, an amount of approx. 3,500 g / m² bentonite powder is applied to the ribbon fabric serving as the backing layer. At the same time, a roll of nonwoven (6.7 dtex fibers) is fed to the bentonite layer as a top layer via a further winding block. Bentonite powder in an amount of 1,500 g / m² is also applied to this top layer. These 4 layers then pass through the needle chair, the bentonite powder on the top layer being needled into the top layer and the layers being mechanically firmly connected to one another.
Der Nadelstuhl weist mehrere Nadelbretter auf. Jedes Nadelbrett ist mit tausenden von Nadeln ausgerüstet. Die Nadelbretter werden sehr schnell auf und abgeführt (bis ca. 1.000 Hübe je Minute). Die mit Einkerbungen ausgestattenen Nadeln durchstechen alle Schichten, wobei die Einkerbungen dafür sorgen, daß die einzelnen Fasern miteinander verschlungen werden, so daß ein fester Verbund entsteht, in dem die Bentonit-Teilchen quasi eingekapselt sind. Durch den Vernadelungsprozeß dringen außerdem auch von der Bentonit-Zwischenschicht ein Teil des Bentonits in die Deckschicht ein, soweit dort noch Platz vorhanden ist.The needle chair has several needle boards. Each needle board is equipped with thousands of needles. The needle boards are moved up and down very quickly (up to approx. 1,000 strokes per minute). The needles with notches pierce all layers, the notches ensuring that the individual fibers are intertwined with one another, so that a firm bond is created in which the bentonite particles are virtually encapsulated. As a result of the needling process, part of the bentonite also penetrates from the bentonite intermediate layer into the cover layer, insofar as space is still available there.
Nach dem Verlassen des Nadelstuhls wird die Deckschicht von oben mit Wasser befeuchtet und zwar in einer Menge von ca. 300 g/m² und dann wieder getrocknet, was vorteilhafterweise mittels Infrarotstrahlern erfolgt.After leaving the needle chair, the top layer is moistened with water from above, in an amount of approximately 300 g / m 2 and then dried again, which is advantageously carried out using infrared radiators.
Die auf diese Weise erhaltene Dichtungsmatte läßt die Deckschicht in Form einer zusammenhängenden, faserverstärkten Haut erscheinen, die die gestellte Aufgabe erfüllt.The sealing mat obtained in this way makes the top layer appear in the form of a coherent, fiber-reinforced skin that fulfills the task.
Zur Herstellung einer wasser und/oder ölundurchlässigen Dichtungsmatte wird ein PP-Bändchengewebe (100 g/m²) mit einem 350 g/m² schweren Krempelflor belegt und anschließend 3000 g/m² aktiviertes Natriumbentonit eingestreut. Der mit Bentonit gefüllte Faserflor und das Trägergewebe werden durch einen Nadelstuhl geführt und mechanisch verfestigt.To produce a water and / or oil impermeable sealing mat, a PP tape fabric (100 g / m²) is covered with a 350 g / m² carded pile and then 3000 g / m² activated sodium bentonite is sprinkled in. The fiber web filled with bentonite and the base fabric are passed through a needle chair and mechanically consolidated.
Anschließend wird der mit Bentonit gefüllte Vliesstoff zur Fixierung des Bentonites auf der Oberseite mit 300 ml/m² Wasser besprüht und mittels Infrarotstrahler bei 300° C 2 Minuten getrocknet. Auch hier bildet sich wieder durch die Wasserbehandlung eine zusammenhängende, faserverstärkte "Elefantenhaut".The non-woven fabric filled with bentonite is then sprayed with 300 ml / m² of water to fix the bentonite on the top and dried for 2 minutes at 300 ° C. using an infrared heater. Here, too, the water treatment forms a coherent, fiber-reinforced "elephant skin".
Zur Herstellung von Dichtungsmatten gemäß diesem Beispiel können selbstverständlich als Trägerschicht auch Vliesstoffe, Gewebe, Gewirke und/oder Folien jeglichen Rohstoffes und beliebiger Flächenmassen und Kombinationen hieraus verwendet werden. Ebenso ist die Flächenmasse und der Rohstoff sowie die Faserfeinheit des Krempelflores bzw. des Wirrfaservliesstoffes je nach Anwendungsgebiet variierbar. Das Bentonit bzw. der quellfähige Ton kann sowohl pulverförmig wie auch in Granulatform aufgebracht werden.For the production of sealing mats according to this example it is of course also possible to use nonwovens, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and / or foils of any raw material and any surface masses and combinations thereof as the carrier layer. The basis weight and the raw material as well as the fiber fineness of the cardboard pile or the random fiber nonwoven can also be varied depending on the field of application. The bentonite or the swellable clay can be applied both in powder form and in granulate form.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE4211032 | 1992-04-02 | ||
| DE4211032 | 1992-04-02 |
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| EP92121653A Expired - Lifetime EP0563453B1 (en) | 1992-04-02 | 1992-12-19 | Method for making a water- and/or oil-impervious liner containing expansive clay |
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| EP (1) | EP0563453B1 (en) |
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| DE102004005418A1 (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2005-08-18 | Basf Ag | Process for producing absorbent composites |
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| CN101886403A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2010-11-17 | 北京建都设计研究院有限责任公司 | Bentonite waterproof board and method and special device for manufacturing same |
| CN103206582A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2013-07-17 | 孙玉章 | Sealing strip for threads of water or water solution conveying pipeline |
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| PT3395563T (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-04-23 | Gda Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia | Multilayer synthetic-mineral protective-levelling and/or sealing lining |
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| EP0676507A1 (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 1995-10-11 | Pharo Limited | Liquid-repellant covering layer and method for the manufacture of such covering layer |
| US5476625A (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 1995-12-19 | Pharo Limited | Method of manufacturing liquid-repellant covering layer |
| BE1008369A5 (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 1996-04-02 | Pharo Ltd | LIQUID RESISTANT Coating AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OF SUCH covering. |
| EP0684344A1 (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-11-29 | Süd-Chemie Ag | Sealing material against organic liquids |
| EP0742321A1 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1996-11-13 | Claymax Corporation | Low permeability geosynthetic clay liner and method of manufacture thereof |
| US5776547A (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1998-07-07 | Claymax Corporation | Low permeability geosynthetic clay liner and method of manufacture thereof |
| NL1002580C2 (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 1997-09-15 | Bigg Aannemingsbedrijf Van Den | Method of protecting the soil from contaminants and soil construction for protecting the soil. |
| NL1002581C2 (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 1997-09-15 | Bigg Aannemingsbedrijf Van Den | Method of protecting the soil from contaminants and soil construction for protecting the soil. |
| WO1997034055A1 (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 1997-09-18 | Aannemingsbedrijf Van Den Biggelaar Limburg B.V. | A method for protecting the soil against contaminations and a soil structure for protecting the soil |
| WO1997034054A1 (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 1997-09-18 | Aannemingsbedrijf Van Den Biggelaar Limburg B.V. | A method for protecting the soil against contaminations and a soil structure for protecting the soil |
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